Fix #306: render on the power-saving GPU by default, with a preference for the discrete one

On hybrid-graphics laptops (an integrated GPU driving the display plus a
discrete one), egui-wgpu's default power preference is HighPerformance, so
VectorCraft rendered on the discrete GPU and its frames were copied to the
display through the integrated one. On an Asus ZenBook with Intel Iris + Arc
the window flickered whenever the mouse moved over it (#306, #305).

The canvas is rasterized on the CPU (vello_cpu) and the GPU only composites
the canvas texture and draws the UI, so the integrated GPU is plenty. The
desktop app now asks wgpu for the power-saving adapter by default.
Single-GPU machines are unaffected.

- Preferences > Performance > Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`:
  powerSaving, the default, or highPerformance), with a note that it
  applies after a restart. The app reads it from the saved preferences
  before the window opens. WGPU_POWER_PREF still overrides it.
- Help > About and `ui.inspect` (`graphicsAdapter`) name the adapter in
  use, and it is logged at startup, for future GPU bug reports.
- Docs (README, docs/development.md) and ROADMAP updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Cargo.lock

@@ -4211,7 +4211,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arboard",
  "clipboard-win",
@@ -4233,7 +4233,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-brush"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "serde",
@@ -4245,7 +4245,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-cad"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4261,7 +4261,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-cli"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
  "vectorcraft-color",
@@ -4277,7 +4277,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-color"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "moxcms",
@@ -4289,7 +4289,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-doc"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4303,7 +4303,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-effects"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4317,7 +4317,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-engine"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4349,7 +4349,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-eps"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4366,7 +4366,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-format"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "proptest",
@@ -4380,7 +4380,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-geom"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "proptest",
@@ -4392,7 +4392,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-mcp"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "log",
@@ -4411,7 +4411,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-metafile"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4425,7 +4425,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-pathops"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "linesweeper",
@@ -4437,7 +4437,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-pdf"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "flate2",
@@ -4464,7 +4464,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-plugins"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4478,7 +4478,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-render"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "gif",
@@ -4503,7 +4503,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-svg"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4527,7 +4527,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-testkit"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4544,7 +4544,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-text"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "harfrust 0.13.3",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4553,11 +4553,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "subsetter",
  "vectorcraft-doc",
  "vectorcraft-geom",
+ "write-fonts",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-tools"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4572,7 +4573,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-trace"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4585,7 +4586,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-ui-egui"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "egui",
  "egui_extras",
@@ -4613,7 +4614,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-web"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "eframe",
  "egui",
@@ -5687,7 +5688,7 @@ checksum = "9440ea3e5aeabb0ac63af70daf835274065238cdd0cec83418f417eae38bacee"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "xtask"
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ members = ["crates/*", "apps/*", "xtask"]
 default-members = ["crates/*", "apps/vectorcraft", "apps/vectorcraft-cli", "xtask"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.3.1"
+version = "0.4.0"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 rust-version = "1.95"

README.md

@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ Japanese fonts come from [storytold/craft-fonts](https://github.com/storytold/cr
 build input (releases always use it): `CRAFT_FONTS_DIR="$PWD/../craft-fonts" cargo run --release -p vectorcraft` (an absolute path).
 Without it, Japanese text uses the installed system fonts. See [`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#fonts-craft-fonts-optional-build-input).
 
+On laptops with two graphics processors, VectorCraft uses the power-saving (integrated) one by default.
+To use the discrete one, choose **Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor › High Performance**
+and restart, or start the app with `WGPU_POWER_PREF=high` (see [`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#desktop-graphics-processor)).
+
 ### Use it from Claude Code and other agents
 
 Register the MCP server with Claude Code:

ROADMAP.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adob
 
 This file tracks **how far we are and what's left**. Time estimates are wall-clock hours of continuous Claude Opus 5.5 agent work (including builds and the CI gate), given both for **one agent** and for **4–6 parallel agents** on disjoint crates. They are counted from the remaining work (see [Parity estimate](#parity-estimate)), calibrated against measured throughput, and updated as work lands.
 
-_Last updated: 2026-10-07 (after M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7 and the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging; see [Honest assessment](#honest-assessment-2026-10-05))._
+_Last updated: 2026-10-07 (after M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7, the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging, and the 2026-10-07 issue fixes; see [Honest assessment](#honest-assessment-2026-10-05))._
 
 ## Where we are
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ since 2026-10-01.
 | **Bundled content:** brush, symbol, style and swatch libraries | ~30% | Ours are original and generated in code, and far fewer than Illustrator ships; brush and symbol libraries are still missing |
 | **Performance** | unverified | Multithreaded, off-thread rendering and caches are in place. The last budget run (2026-10-01, loaded machine) measured 290 ms for a 50k-path fit against a 16 ms budget. Re-run `vectorcraft-cli perf` on an idle machine |
 | **Robustness** | good, new | ~2,840 tests, property tests, no panics in shipped code (lints, the `guard` safety net, import fuzzing), Data Recovery. Missing: a corpus of real-world files, Windows/Linux/browser QA |
-| **Platforms and 1.0 polish** | ~60% | The macOS app and the web build work; Windows/Linux packaging and accessibility are pending |
+| **Platforms and 1.0 polish** | ~60% | The macOS app and the web build work; hybrid-graphics laptops render on the power-saving GPU by default (#306); Windows/Linux packaging and accessibility are pending |
 | **Agent automation** | beyond Illustrator | Every command, gesture and dialog is drivable over MCP, the CLI and the control channel |
 
 ### Where we're lacking (in priority order)
@@ -88,34 +88,39 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 - **Automation:**
   - Actions panel (record/playback, persisted), generic parameter dialogs for every "…" command.
   - JSON-lines control channel with real egui pointer and keyboard injection.
-  - MCP server with 25 tools (drawing, text, effects, Pathfinder, transforms, graphs, text wrap, export, screenshots, any command), attached to the running app or headless.
+  - MCP server with 25 tools (drawing, text, effects, Pathfinder, transforms, graphs, text wrap, export, screenshots, any command), attached to the running app or headless. Tool descriptions and replies agree with the engine: format lists come from its format table, `save_file` says it keeps the document's own format, `inspect_document` reports the paint type's characters show, and selection exports report the encoder's warnings.
   - MCP protocol: five prompts (`prompts/list` / `prompts/get`: poster, icon set, recolour, trace-and-style, export set), `completion/complete` for prompt arguments and template variables read from the live catalogues (formats, effect ids, command ids, trace presets, swatch and object ids), four resource templates (`vectorcraft://object/{id}`, `//command/{id}`, `//effect/{id}`, `//swatch/{name}`) so an agent reads one thing instead of the whole document, and `logging/setLevel` with `notifications/message`. `docs/mcp.md` has a Protocol section covering the capability table and what is deliberately absent (subscriptions, progress, cancellation, sampling, elicitation, Streamable HTTP — all of which need the transport to interleave reads).
   - Headless CLI (`vectorcraft-cli run`, `convert`, `info`, `bench`, `perf`, `mcp`).
   - Actions panel that records and plays back commands.
 - **UI:** Illustrator 2026 layout restyled to measured values:
   - Medium Dark theme, categorized and Advanced toolbars, 35 pt document tabs, 33 pt panel tabs.
   - Hint bar, contextual task bar, 19 dock panels with ≡ menus.
-  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan) ships complete, Czech covers every menu label and Japanese the main menus, with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows and Linux, a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference.
+  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan) ships complete, and Czech and Japanese cover every menu label, with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows and Linux, a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
   - Native macOS menu bar, vector tool cursors, a ⌘K command palette, middle-button panning with any tool.
   - A canvas context menu: right-click selects the object under the pointer and lists what applies to the selection (Undo/Redo, clipboard, group, isolation, join, masks, compound paths, guides, Transform, Arrange, Select, Export Selection), or the view commands on empty canvas.
   - Save / Don't Save / Cancel before closing or quitting with unsaved documents (tabs, Close, Close All, Quit, window close).
   - Four brightness themes, persistent preferences.
-  - On Windows and Linux the app bar is the window's title bar (its own minimize, maximize and close buttons, drag to move, edges to resize), with the dragon app icon as the brand mark; dialogs and menus size to their content.
+  - On Windows and Linux the app bar is the window's title bar (its own minimize, maximize and close buttons, drag to move, edges to resize), with the dragon app icon as the brand mark; dialogs and menus size to their content. As on a native menu bar, once one menu is open, moving the pointer onto another title opens that one.
 - **Tools:**
   - **Selection:** Selection, Direct/Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso.
   - **Drawing:** Pen, Curvature, anchor tools, Pencil, Paintbrush, Blob Brush, Smooth, Path Eraser, Join.
   - **Shapes:** all shape tools (including Flare) and the line, arc, spiral and grid tools.
   - **Cutting:** Eraser, Scissors, Knife, Mirror & Cut, Line Cut and Rectangle Cut (real geometry, compound paths keep their holes).
-  - **Transform:** Rotate, Reflect, Scale, Shear (click or Alt-click snaps the reference point to anchors and centres), Reshape, Free Transform (distort/perspective).
-  - **Live Corners:** drag a live rectangle's corner widgets (Selection or Direct Selection) to round all corners, with a radius readout.
+  - **Transform:** Rotate, Reflect, Scale, Shear (click or Alt-click snaps the reference point to anchors and centres), Reshape, Free Transform (free and perspective distort and shear, switched by the keys held during a handle drag).
+  - **Live Corners:** drag a live rectangle's corner widgets (Selection or Direct Selection) to round all corners, with a radius readout. Corners stay circular when the rectangle is scaled unevenly or along its own sides when rotated (the radius keeps its size, or scales by the mean scale with Scale Corners on); only a shear distorts them.
   - **Graphs:** Column, Stacked Column, Bar, Stacked Bar, Line, Area, Scatter, Pie and Radar graph tools with Graph Data and Graph Type.
   - **Other:** Eyedropper, Gradient annotator, Artboard, Measure, Type, Hand, Zoom, Rotate View.
-- **Drawing aids:** Smart Guides and snapping, and Draw Normal / Behind / Inside modes.
+  - **Editing type:** double-clicking type with a selection tool switches to the Type tool with the caret where it was clicked.
+  - **Temporary tools:** Cmd with any other tool drags with the selection tool used last (Selection, Direct Selection or Group Selection). Held Space pans and Cmd+Space zooms (Cmd+Alt+Space out) whatever the tool.
+  - **Panel drag and drop:** art dragged off the canvas onto the Symbols panel becomes a symbol, and a symbol dragged onto the canvas places an instance where it is dropped.
+  - **Tool double-clicks:** double-clicking a tool's button opens its options: Hand fits the artboard in the window, Zoom shows 100 %, Rotate, Scale, Reflect and Shear open their Object › Transform dialogs, Gradient, Eyedropper, Blend and the Liquify tools their panels or options.
+- **Drawing aids:** Smart Guides and snapping, guides dragged out of the rulers, and Draw Normal / Behind / Inside modes.
+- **Views:** the status bar's artboard navigator (first, previous, next, last; `view.goToArtboard`) goes to an artboard and fits it, and Fit Artboard in Window and Actual Size show the navigator's artboard.
 - **Geometry and effects:**
   - Pathfinder (10 exact curve booleans), Offset, Outline Stroke, Simplify, Clean Up, Split Into Grid, Divide Objects Below.
-  - Live effects with previewing dialogs: Distort & Transform, Path, Convert to Shape, 15 Warp styles, Round Corners, Scribble, Effect → Pathfinder (all 10 operations, live on groups), Color Adjustments (Brightness/Contrast, Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation, Shift to Color, Temperature/Tint, on vectors, live type and embedded images), and raster drop shadow, glows and feather. SVG and PDF export keep live effects (geometry baked; SVG raster effects as filters).
-- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline.
-- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional Chinese covers the whole interface, Czech every menu label (tested) and Japanese the main menus; untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech ones from the bundled UI fonts. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko, upright glyphs centred on the column, point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese; Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
+  - Live effects with previewing dialogs: Distort & Transform, Path, Convert to Shape, 15 Warp styles, Round Corners, Scribble, Effect → Pathfinder (all 10 operations, live on groups; several loose objects are grouped first, in one undo step), Color Adjustments (Brightness/Contrast, Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation, Shift to Color, Temperature/Tint, on vectors, live type and embedded images), and raster drop shadow, glows and feather. SVG and PDF export keep live effects (geometry baked; SVG raster effects as filters).
+- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline. Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done.
+- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional Chinese covers the whole interface, Czech and Japanese every menu label (tested); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech ones from the bundled UI fonts. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese; Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
 - **Transparency:** opacity masks (clip/invert/disable/link), exported as SVG `<mask>` and PDF soft masks.
 - **Advanced art:** live Blends (steps/distance/smooth colour, editable spine, anchor-targeted Blend tool, faithful interpolation, knockout), Envelope Distort (warp/mesh/top object, Reset, full Envelope Options, mesh handles, Edit Contents; type, images, symbols, gradients, patterns and appearance distorted everywhere), Liquify tools with options and pen pressure, Puppet Warp with rotating pins, Perspective Grid with presets, movable planes and projected type, Gradient Mesh, Shape Builder, Live Paint (every path an edge, open lines included), Image Trace (12 presets), pattern swatches with pattern editing mode, live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror).
 - **Paint and appearance (M3):**
@@ -132,10 +137,11 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 - **Fonts:** a font is found by any of its names (family and style in every language of its name table, legacy family/style pairs, PostScript name), so documents from other apps open with the font they name; Find Font and `text.fonts` say for each font whether it was found exactly, by another name, substituted or missing, and how many glyphs are missing.
 - **Files (M4):**
   - `.vectorcraft` (lossless JSON, compressed, atomic saves, save down to v1), Save As with a format chooser, Save a Copy, Revert, templates, Data Recovery after a crash, background save and export.
-  - SVG/SVGZ in and out with SVG Options, Preserve Editing, symbols, filters, rich text and physical units; PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` in and out (layers, masks, editable text, spot colours, presets, security, marks and bleed, ICC output intents, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3).
-  - EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF in and out; PNG (with PNG-8), JPEG, WebP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, Targa and layered PSD export.
+  - SVG/SVGZ in and out with SVG Options, Preserve Editing, symbols, filters, rich text and physical units; PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` in and out (layers, masks, editable text with type set along a curve coming back as type on a path, each artboard's art on its own page only, spot colours, presets, security, marks and bleed, ICC output intents, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3).
+  - EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF in and out; PNG (with PNG-8), JPEG, WebP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, Targa and layered PSD export. EPS import runs Illustrator's AGM/CoolType prologs (resource categories, `resourceforall`, `clipsave`/`cliprestore`, subarrays and substrings that share storage) and falls back to its palette TIFF preview. DXF TEXT justified Fit or Aligned spans its two points (stretched, or scaled as a whole).
   - Place and the Links panel, Package, File Info, Print with print presets, PostScript output and print tiling, slices and Save for Web, Export for Screens and Asset Export, CSS Properties, PNG/PDF/SVG/text clipboard flavours.
 - **Performance:** 20k shapes + 1k texts render in 27 ms per full-retina frame (7.8 ms zoomed), 7× faster than the first version. The UI thread never blocks. The web build is 7.1 MB gzipped.
+- **Graphics processor:** the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only composites it, so the desktop app asks for the power-saving GPU by default (the integrated one on hybrid-graphics laptops, where presenting from the discrete GPU made the window flicker, #306). Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`) or `WGPU_POWER_PREF` picks the discrete one; Help › About and `ui.inspect` name the adapter in use.
 - **Tests and robustness:** ~2,840 automated tests: model-based property tests, a junk-parameter sweep over every command, import fuzzing (SVG, PDF, libraries), golden renders, and MCP end-to-end tests over stdio. Shipped code never panics (workspace lints and a rollback safety net; see `docs/development.md`).
 
 ## Milestones and estimates
@@ -149,14 +155,14 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 | M4 | Files (native, SVG, PDF, raster, Export for Screens, clipboard interop) | ✅ done (M4.14–M4.98 on 2026-10-05): Save As/Save a Copy/Revert/templates, Data Recovery and background save, SVG import and export fidelity (units, text, symbols, filters, SVGZ, Preserve Editing, SVG Options), PDF import (colours, layers, masks, editable text, security) and export (presets, marks, bleed, ICC and output intent, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X-1a, X-3 and X-4, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3), Place and Links, Package, EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF, TIFF/BMP/Targa/PSD/GIF/PNG-8 export, Print and print presets, slices, Save for Web, Asset Export, clipboard flavours, File Info. Left: DWG (use DXF), PSD placement as layers, overprint read back from PDF, polish | 3–6 |
 | M5 | Performance | 🟡 background render + caches + MT done; `vectorcraft-cli bench` and `vectorcraft-cli perf` (budget suite); file format v2 opens 3× faster (50k paths: 722 → 244 ms); raster effects (glows, shadows, blur, feather) no longer force the whole frame single-threaded (filtered offscreen per effect, verified equal to the single-threaded reference); effect-heavy demos need a clean-machine benchmark; dirty-region rendering, GPU backend spike pending | 15–25 |
 | M6 | Path operations (Pathfinder, Shape Builder, offset…) | ✅ mostly done (Boolean precision on almost-horizontal edges fixed and the property tests made deterministic; Shape Builder edge erase, large-offset bug open) | 3–6 |
-| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, Area Type Options, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (searchable) and found by name on open/import, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects, tab stops + Tabs panel done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
+| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, Area Type Options (with Width/Height), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (searchable) and found by name on open/import, variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects, tab stops + Tabs panel done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
 | M8 | Transform & distort (Puppet Warp, Liquify tools, Envelopes, Blends, Perspective Grid) | ✅ done (M8.1–M8.20 on 2026-10-06, fidelity pass): Liquify Tool Options with one shared brush, pen pressure, hold-to-apply, a safe scope and incremental strokes; tool options that last; Puppet Warp rotation, multi-select, Control bar and a rest-shape session that follows Undo; Width tool on compound paths; Envelope dialogs with preview, Reset with Warp/Mesh, full Envelope Options, type/images/symbols/appearance/gradients/patterns distorted on canvas and in every export, warps that keep their frame, Edit Contents, mesh handles and Control bar; Blend Options, anchor-targeted Blend tool, editable spine, keys picked on the canvas, faithful interpolation and knockout; Perspective Grid with Define Grid, presets, lock/snap/rulers, widgets, the 1–4 plane switch, movable planes, Perspective Selection scale/copy/perpendicular/Transform Again, and type and symbols truly projected with Edit Text. Left: Anti-Alias and Preserve Shape output, warp-envelope point editing, brush interpolation in blends, Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box | 2–4 |
 | M9 | Live effects (+ 3D & Materials) | 🟡 2D effects done incl. Effect → Pathfinder and Color Adjustments; SVG Filters, Document Raster Effects Settings, 3D pending | 86–135 |
 | M10 | Brushes, symbols, patterns, Repeat | 🟡 pattern swatches (5 tile types, Pattern Options, editing mode, SVG `<pattern>`/PDF export) and live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror) done; brushes/symbols in progress | 23–37 |
-| M11 | Artboards & views (artboard panel/tool, Trim View, middle-button pan and print tiling done; multiple windows, presentation polish) | 🟡 | 15–25 |
+| M11 | Artboards & views (artboard panel/tool, Trim View, middle-button pan, print tiling and the status bar's artboard navigator done; multiple windows, presentation polish) | 🟡 | 15–25 |
 | M12 | Advanced color & art (CMYK/ICC, separations, Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace, Graphs) | 🟡 Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace (12 presets, 18 ms/1k² image), Recolor Artwork, colour management (ICC, soft proofing, separations preview), Graphs (all 9 tools, Graph Data/Type, regenerate in place) done; graph Design/Column/Marker designs pending | 6–10 |
 | M13 | Automation (Actions ✅ record/playback, persisted; variables, scripting, batch) | 🟡 | 18–27 |
-| M14 | 1.0 polish (preferences, shortcut editor, workspaces, accessibility, packaging for all OSes) | 🟡 Preferences, shortcut editor, workspaces, a custom title bar on Windows/Linux with a Home button, content-sized dialogs and menus that scroll when longer than the window done; accessibility, Windows/Linux packaging pending | 18–28 |
+| M14 | 1.0 polish (preferences, shortcut editor, workspaces, accessibility, packaging for all OSes) | 🟡 Preferences, shortcut editor (chords with Shift and a punctuation key fire as typed), workspaces, a custom title bar on Windows/Linux with a Home button, content-sized dialogs and menus that scroll when longer than the window done; accessibility, Windows/Linux packaging pending | 18–28 |
 | — | Interaction fidelity pass (every tool's modifiers, Properties panel per context, isolation, nuance) | ⬜ | 60–90 |
 | — | Hardening at scale (big-file corpus, fuzzing, cross-platform + browser QA) | 🟡 | 50–80 |
 | | **Total to full parity** (one agent; re-derived from the [Parity estimate](#parity-estimate) table) | | **~320–500** |
@@ -184,14 +190,14 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Live vector effects | 5 | 85% | Outline Object, Pathfinder Hard/Soft Mix and Trap, SVG Filters | 6–10 |
 | Raster effects (Effect Gallery, Document Raster Effects Settings) | 4 | 20% | ~55 Photoshop-style filters (Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort, Pixelate, Sketch, Stylize, Texture, Video) and the Effect Gallery; Document Raster Effects Settings and raster effects in PDF are done | 28–42 |
 | 3D and Materials | 4 | 0% | Extrude & Bevel, Revolve, Inflate, Rotate, lighting, materials (software renderer) | 50–80 |
-| Type core | 9 | 78% | composer/hyphenation options, Optical Margin Alignment, hidden characters | 15–20 |
-| Type advanced | 4 | 48% | CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi, vertical metrics, manual tate-chu-yoko), tab leaders, spell check (open dictionary), Touch Type, Retype; vertical point/area/path type and Type Orientation have initial support | 20–28 |
+| Type core | 9 | 78% | composer/hyphenation options, Optical Margin Alignment, hidden characters, Transform Again after a type-area resize (it scales the type), partial selection of type-area anchors by marquee | 15–20 |
+| Type advanced | 4 | 48% | CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi, vertical metrics, manual tate-chu-yoko), variable font axis sliders (named instances are styles), tab leaders, spell check (open dictionary), Touch Type, Retype; vertical point/area/path type and Type Orientation have initial support | 20–28 |
 | Symbols, blends, envelopes, Repeat, perspective | 5 | 88% | symbol libraries (original), dynamic symbols, envelope Anti-Alias/Preserve Shape output and warp point editing, brush interpolation in blends (M8 fidelity pass done) | 5–8 |
 | Image Trace, graphs, image tools | 3 | 70% | graph Design/Column/Marker, Create Object Mosaic, Crop Image polish (Vector Halftone is done) | 6–10 |
 | Layers, artboards, document setup | 5 | 80% | Layers panel options depth, artboard presets/rearrange polish (Document Setup and New Document are done) | 5–8 |
 | View & navigation | 3 | 70% | New View/Edit Views, multiple windows/arrange, Snap to Pixel/Glyph (print tiling is done) | 9–14 |
-| Guides, grids, smart guides, snapping, rulers | 3 | 75% | global/video rulers, smart-guide preference depth | 4–8 |
-| File formats | 6 | 85% | DWG (no open spec: DXF instead), PSD placement as layers, the remaining fidelity polish; EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, TIFF, BMP, Targa, PSD export, SVGZ, PDF security, PDF/X, PDF layers and presets are done | 6–10 |
+| Guides, grids, smart guides, snapping, rulers | 3 | 75% | global/video rulers, smart-guide preference depth, ruler-drag modifiers (Shift snaps to ticks, Alt swaps orientation) and dragging existing guides | 4–8 |
+| File formats | 6 | 85% | DWG (no open spec: DXF instead), PSD placement as layers, Illustrator EPS checked against real files (only reduced repros so far), the remaining fidelity polish; EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, TIFF, BMP, Targa, PSD export, SVGZ, PDF security, PDF/X, PDF layers and presets are done | 6–10 |
 | Export for Screens, Asset Export, slices, Save for Web | 3 | 85% | polish only (all four are done) | 2–4 |
 | Print, colour management, separations, flattener | 3 | 80% | print preview fidelity (flattener presets in PDF and print, overprint in PDF and composite print, Print dialog, presets, PostScript, marks, separations, Print Tiling, print overprint/flattener/bitmap options and printer profile are done) | 1–2 |
 | Automation | 3 | 60% | Variables (data merge), scripting surface, batch | 8–12 |

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //!
 //! ```text
 //! vectorcraft-cli mcp [--connect 127.0.0.1:7979 | --headless]
-//! vectorcraft-cli run [--in FILE] [--cmd id [--params '{json}']]... [--export out.svg|.png|.pdf|.jpg|.webp|.vectorcraft]... [--scale 2]
+//! vectorcraft-cli run [--in FILE] [--cmd id [--params '{json}']]... [--export out.svg]... [--scale 2]
 //! vectorcraft-cli commands
 //! vectorcraft-cli convert IN OUT [--scale 2] [--artboard 0 | --range 1-3,5] [--outline-text]
 //! vectorcraft-cli info FILE
@@ -59,16 +59,17 @@ USAGE:
 
   vectorcraft-cli run [--in FILE] [--cmd ID [--params JSON]]... [--export FILE]... [--scale N]
       Headless batch: open FILE (any readable format) or start a new document, run commands in
-      order, export (.svg, .png, .pdf, .jpg, .webp, .vectorcraft by extension). Prints one JSON result per step.
+      order, export each FILE in the format its extension picks (see Writable formats). Prints one
+      JSON result per step.
 
   vectorcraft-cli commands
       Print the command catalogue as JSON.
 
   vectorcraft-cli convert IN OUT [--scale N] [--artboard I | --range R] [--outline-text]
-      Open IN (any readable format) and export OUT by extension (.svg, .pdf, .png, .jpg, .webp,
-      .vectorcraft). --artboard is 0-based, --range 1-based (\"1-3,5\"); a PDF gets every artboard
-      unless one of them is given, the other formats the first. Live effects are kept;
-      --outline-text writes SVG text as paths.
+      Open IN (any readable format) and export OUT in the format its extension picks (see Writable
+      formats). --artboard is 0-based, --range 1-based (\"1-3,5\"); a PDF gets every artboard
+      unless one of them is given, EPS the bounds of the art, the other formats the first artboard.
+      Live effects are kept; --outline-text writes SVG text as paths.
 
   vectorcraft-cli info FILE
       Print a JSON summary: title, colour mode, units, artboards, object counts by kind, fonts.
@@ -82,9 +83,10 @@ USAGE:
       synthetic N-path document (default 50000). Exits non-zero if a budget is exceeded.
 ";
 
-/// The usage text plus the formats `document.open` reads.
+/// The usage text plus the formats `document.open` reads and `document.export` writes.
 fn usage() -> String {
-    format!("{USAGE}\nReadable formats: .{}\n", vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::OPEN_EXTS.join(", ."))
+    use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::{OPEN_EXTS, export_extensions};
+    format!("{USAGE}\nReadable formats: .{}\nWritable formats: .{}\n", OPEN_EXTS.join(", ."), export_extensions().join(", ."))
 }
 
 fn main() -> ExitCode {

apps/vectorcraft/src/control_server.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,28 @@
 //! Loopback JSON-lines control server: one request per line, one reply per line.
 //! This is the transport the MCP server (`vectorcraft mcp --connect`) wraps.
+//!
+//! The server only ever reads requests: a line that is not a JSON object with a string `method`
+//! (an HTTP request line from a browser's cross-origin `fetch`, a stray `nc`, binary junk) gets
+//! one error reply and the connection is closed, so nothing after it is executed. Lines are
+//! bounded ([`MAX_LINE`]) and so is the number of open connections ([`MAX_CONNECTIONS`]); junk
+//! never reaches the UI thread. See `docs/control-protocol.md`.
 
-use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Write};
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Write};
 use std::net::{TcpListener, TcpStream};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, Sender, channel};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::ControlRequest;
 
+/// Longest accepted request line (bytes, without the newline). Requests are small JSON objects;
+/// anything longer is refused and the connection closed.
+pub const MAX_LINE: usize = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+/// Connections served at once; further ones get an error line and are closed.
+pub const MAX_CONNECTIONS: usize = 16;
+
 pub fn start(port: u16, ctx: egui::Context) -> Receiver<ControlRequest> {
     let (tx, rx) = channel::<ControlRequest>();
     let listener = match TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", port)) {
@@ -19,44 +33,249 @@ pub fn start(port: u16, ctx: egui::Context) -> Receiver<ControlRequest> {
         }
     };
     eprintln!("vectorcraft: control server listening on 127.0.0.1:{port}");
-    std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        for stream in listener.incoming().flatten() {
-            let tx = tx.clone();
-            let ctx = ctx.clone();
-            std::thread::spawn(move || serve(stream, tx, ctx));
-        }
-    });
+    std::thread::spawn(move || accept_loop(listener, tx, ctx));
     rx
 }
 
-fn serve(stream: TcpStream, tx: Sender<ControlRequest>, ctx: egui::Context) {
-    let Ok(read) = stream.try_clone() else { return };
-    let mut out = stream;
-    for line in BufReader::new(read).lines() {
-        let Ok(line) = line else { break };
-        if line.trim().is_empty() {
+fn accept_loop(listener: TcpListener, tx: Sender<ControlRequest>, ctx: egui::Context) {
+    let open = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    for mut stream in listener.incoming().flatten() {
+        if open.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst) >= MAX_CONNECTIONS {
+            open.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            // Best effort: the connection is dropped either way, and a peer that can't read the reason loses nothing.
+            let _ = writeln!(stream, "{}", json!({"ok": false, "error": "too many control connections"}));
             continue;
         }
-        let reply = match serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&line) {
-            Ok(msg) => {
-                let id = msg.get("id").cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null);
-                let method = msg.get("method").and_then(Value::as_str).unwrap_or("").to_string();
-                let params = msg.get("params").cloned().unwrap_or(json!({}));
-                let (req, rrx) = ControlRequest::new(method, params);
-                if tx.send(req).is_err() {
-                    break;
-                }
-                ctx.request_repaint();
-                let mut r = rrx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(60)).unwrap_or_else(|_| json!({"ok": false, "error": "timeout"}));
-                if let Some(o) = r.as_object_mut() {
-                    o.insert("id".into(), id);
+        let tx = tx.clone();
+        let ctx = ctx.clone();
+        let open = Arc::clone(&open);
+        std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            serve(stream, &tx, &ctx);
+            open.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn serve(stream: TcpStream, tx: &Sender<ControlRequest>, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+    let Ok(read) = stream.try_clone() else { return };
+    serve_lines(read, stream, |method, params| {
+        let (req, rrx) = ControlRequest::new(method, params);
+        tx.send(req).ok()?;
+        ctx.request_repaint();
+        Some(rrx.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(60)).unwrap_or_else(|_| json!({"ok": false, "error": "timeout"})))
+    });
+}
+
+/// One parsed line.
+enum Line {
+    Request {
+        id: Value,
+        method: String,
+        params: Value,
+    },
+    Blank,
+    /// Not a request: reply with this error and close the connection.
+    Reject(String),
+}
+
+fn parse_line(bytes: &[u8]) -> Line {
+    let Ok(text) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes) else {
+        return Line::Reject("not a control request (invalid UTF-8); closing the connection".into());
+    };
+    let text = text.trim();
+    if text.is_empty() {
+        return Line::Blank;
+    }
+    let msg = match serde_json::from_str::<Value>(text) {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        Err(e) => return Line::Reject(format!("bad JSON ({e}); expected one JSON request object per line; closing the connection")),
+    };
+    let Some(obj) = msg.as_object() else {
+        return Line::Reject("not a control request (expected a JSON object); closing the connection".into());
+    };
+    let Some(method) = obj.get("method").and_then(Value::as_str) else {
+        return Line::Reject("not a control request (missing string `method`); closing the connection".into());
+    };
+    Line::Request {
+        id: obj.get("id").cloned().unwrap_or(Value::Null),
+        method: method.to_string(),
+        params: obj.get("params").cloned().unwrap_or(json!({})),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Read one `\n`-terminated line of at most `max` bytes into `buf` (newline stripped).
+/// `Ok(false)` at end of stream; `Err` when the line is too long or the read fails.
+fn read_bounded_line(reader: &mut impl BufRead, buf: &mut Vec<u8>, max: usize) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    buf.clear();
+    // `take` bounds the bytes buffered for one line: a peer can't make us allocate more than `max`.
+    let limit = u64::try_from(max).unwrap_or(u64::MAX).saturating_add(1);
+    let n = reader.take(limit).read_until(b'\n', buf).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    if n == 0 {
+        return Ok(false);
+    }
+    if buf.last() == Some(&b'\n') {
+        buf.pop();
+        if buf.last() == Some(&b'\r') {
+            buf.pop();
+        }
+        return Ok(true);
+    }
+    if buf.len() > max {
+        return Err(format!("request line longer than {max} bytes; closing the connection"));
+    }
+    // Last line without a newline, then end of stream.
+    Ok(true)
+}
+
+/// Serve requests from `read`, answering on `out`, until the peer closes, sends something that is
+/// not a request, or `handle` returns `None` (app gone). `handle` gets `(method, params)` and
+/// returns the reply object (the request's `id` is added here).
+fn serve_lines<R: Read, W: Write>(read: R, mut out: W, mut handle: impl FnMut(String, Value) -> Option<Value>) {
+    let mut reader = BufReader::new(read);
+    let mut buf = Vec::new();
+    loop {
+        let reject = match read_bounded_line(&mut reader, &mut buf, MAX_LINE) {
+            Ok(false) => return,
+            Err(e) => e,
+            Ok(true) => match parse_line(&buf) {
+                Line::Blank => continue,
+                Line::Reject(e) => e,
+                Line::Request { id, method, params } => {
+                    let Some(mut r) = handle(method, params) else { return };
+                    if let Some(o) = r.as_object_mut() {
+                        o.insert("id".into(), id);
+                    }
+                    if writeln!(out, "{r}").and_then(|()| out.flush()).is_err() {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    continue;
                 }
-                r
-            }
-            Err(e) => json!({"ok": false, "error": format!("bad JSON: {e}")}),
+            },
         };
-        if writeln!(out, "{reply}").is_err() {
-            break;
+        // Best effort: the connection closes either way, and a peer that can't read the reason loses nothing.
+        let _ = writeln!(out, "{}", json!({"ok": false, "error": reject})).and_then(|()| out.flush());
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn run(input: &[u8]) -> (Vec<Value>, Vec<String>) {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        let mut calls = Vec::new();
+        serve_lines(input, &mut out, |m, _p| {
+            calls.push(m);
+            Some(json!({"ok": true, "result": null}))
+        });
+        let replies = String::from_utf8(out).unwrap().lines().map(|l| serde_json::from_str::<Value>(l).unwrap()).collect();
+        (replies, calls)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn requests_are_answered_in_order_with_ids() {
+        let (r, calls) = run(b"{\"id\":1,\"method\":\"a\"}\n\n{\"id\":2,\"method\":\"b\",\"params\":{}}\r\n{\"method\":\"c\"}");
+        assert_eq!(calls, ["a", "b", "c"]);
+        assert_eq!(r.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(r[0]["id"], 1);
+        assert_eq!(r[1]["id"], 2);
+        assert_eq!(r[2]["id"], Value::Null);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn http_request_closes_before_the_body_runs() {
+        // A browser's cross-origin `fetch` POST: the request line is rejected and the
+        // connection closed, so the JSON body is never executed.
+        let http = b"POST / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: 127.0.0.1:7979\r\nOrigin: https://attacker.example\r\nContent-Type: text/plain\r\n\r\n\
+            {\"id\":7,\"method\":\"engine.execute\",\"params\":{\"command\":\"file.new\",\"params\":{}}}\n";
+        let (r, calls) = run(http);
+        assert!(calls.is_empty(), "nothing may run: {calls:?}");
+        assert_eq!(r.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(r[0]["ok"], false);
+        assert!(r[0]["error"].as_str().unwrap().contains("closing the connection"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_request_json_closes_the_connection() {
+        for junk in [
+            &b"[1,2]\n{\"method\":\"a\"}\n"[..],
+            b"{\"id\":1}\n{\"method\":\"a\"}\n",
+            b"{\"method\":5}\n{\"method\":\"a\"}\n",
+            b"\xff\xfe\n{\"method\":\"a\"}\n",
+        ] {
+            let (r, calls) = run(junk);
+            assert!(calls.is_empty(), "{calls:?}");
+            assert_eq!(r.len(), 1);
+            assert_eq!(r[0]["ok"], false);
         }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_request_before_junk_still_runs() {
+        let (r, calls) = run(b"{\"method\":\"a\"}\nGET / HTTP/1.1\n{\"method\":\"b\"}\n");
+        assert_eq!(calls, ["a"]);
+        assert_eq!(r.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(r[1]["ok"], false);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn overlong_line_is_refused() {
+        // One byte over the limit, then a valid request: neither runs.
+        let mut input = vec![b'x'; MAX_LINE + 1];
+        input.extend_from_slice(b"\n{\"method\":\"a\"}\n");
+        let (r, calls) = run(&input);
+        assert!(calls.is_empty(), "{calls:?}");
+        assert_eq!(r.len(), 1);
+        assert!(r[0]["error"].as_str().unwrap().contains("longer than"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn line_at_the_limit_is_accepted() {
+        let mut buf = Vec::new();
+        let line = vec![b'a'; 10];
+        let mut input = line.clone();
+        input.push(b'\n');
+        assert_eq!(read_bounded_line(&mut &input[..], &mut buf, 10), Ok(true));
+        assert_eq!(buf, line);
+        assert!(read_bounded_line(&mut &[b'a'; 11][..], &mut buf, 10).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tcp_connection_is_closed_after_junk() {
+        // End to end over a real loopback socket (the transport the app uses).
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", 0)).unwrap();
+        let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();
+        let server = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let (s, _) = listener.accept().unwrap();
+            let read = s.try_clone().unwrap();
+            serve_lines(read, s, |_, _| Some(json!({"ok": true})));
+        });
+        let mut c = TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap();
+        c.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(5))).unwrap();
+        c.write_all(b"{\"id\":7,\"method\":\"x\"}\nhello\n{\"method\":\"y\"}\n").unwrap();
+        let mut text = String::new();
+        c.read_to_string(&mut text).unwrap(); // returns at EOF: the server closed the connection
+        server.join().unwrap();
+        let lines: Vec<&str> = text.lines().collect();
+        assert_eq!(lines.len(), 2, "{text}");
+        assert!(lines[0].contains("\"id\":7"));
+        assert!(lines[1].contains("closing the connection"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn extra_connections_are_refused() {
+        let listener = TcpListener::bind(("127.0.0.1", 0)).unwrap();
+        let addr = listener.local_addr().unwrap();
+        let (tx, _rx) = channel::<ControlRequest>();
+        std::thread::spawn(move || accept_loop(listener, tx, egui::Context::default()));
+        // Idle connections are accepted in order and held open.
+        let held: Vec<TcpStream> = (0..16).map(|_| TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap()).collect();
+        let mut extra = TcpStream::connect(addr).unwrap();
+        extra.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::from_secs(5))).unwrap();
+        let mut line = String::new();
+        BufReader::new(&mut extra).read_line(&mut line).unwrap();
+        assert!(line.contains("too many control connections"), "{line}");
+        drop(held);
     }
 }

apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs

@@ -241,6 +241,27 @@ fn app_icon() -> egui::IconData {
     eframe::icon_data::from_png_bytes(png).unwrap_or_default()
 }
 
+/// The power preference wgpu picks the window's graphics adapter with (#306): the
+/// `WGPU_POWER_PREF` environment variable (`low`, `high`, `none`) when set, otherwise Preferences ›
+/// Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`). Power saving unless the preference asks for
+/// high performance: the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only composites it, which the
+/// integrated GPU of a hybrid-graphics laptop does easily, while presenting frames rendered on the
+/// discrete GPU through the integrated one made the window flicker on some laptops. With a single
+/// GPU both preferences pick it.
+fn power_preference(pref: Option<&str>, env: Option<eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference>) -> eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference {
+    use eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference;
+    match (env, pref) {
+        (Some(p), _) => p,
+        (None, Some("highPerformance")) => PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+        (None, _) => PowerPreference::LowPower,
+    }
+}
+
+/// "name (backend, kind)" of the adapter the window renders with, for Help › About and bug reports.
+fn adapter_summary(info: &eframe::wgpu::AdapterInfo) -> String {
+    format!("{} ({:?}, {:?})", info.name.trim(), info.backend, info.device_type)
+}
+
 /// Windows and Linux: no OS title bar; the app bar is the title bar (`vectorcraft_ui_egui::titlebar`).
 /// macOS keeps its traffic lights over the integrated title strip.
 const CUSTOM_TITLEBAR: bool = !cfg!(target_os = "macos");
@@ -262,7 +283,9 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
     }
     let saved = read_prefs();
     let saved_window = saved.as_ref().and_then(|ui| ui.window);
-    let options = eframe::NativeOptions {
+    let gpu_pref = saved.as_ref().and_then(|ui| ui.engine_prefs.get("gpuPreference")).and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str);
+    let power = power_preference(gpu_pref, eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference::from_env());
+    let mut options = eframe::NativeOptions {
         viewport: egui::ViewportBuilder::default()
             .with_title("VectorCraft")
             .with_inner_size(window::DEFAULT_SIZE)
@@ -276,6 +299,9 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
             .with_app_id("ai.storyteller.vectorcraft"),
         ..Default::default()
     };
+    if let eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuSetup::CreateNew(create) = &mut options.wgpu_options.wgpu_setup {
+        create.power_preference = power;
+    }
     eframe::run_native(
         "VectorCraft",
         options,
@@ -297,6 +323,11 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
                 let recovery = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Data Recovery").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
                 app.session.recovery.set_default_folder(recovery);
             }
+            if let Some(rs) = &cc.wgpu_render_state {
+                let summary = adapter_summary(&rs.adapter.get_info());
+                log::info!("vectorcraft: rendering with {summary} (power preference {power:?})");
+                app.graphics_adapter = Some(summary);
+            }
             app.integrated_titlebar = cfg!(target_os = "macos");
             app.custom_titlebar = CUSTOM_TITLEBAR;
             if let Some(port) = control_port {
@@ -316,3 +347,35 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
         }),
     )
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn power_saving_unless_the_preference_or_the_environment_says_otherwise() {
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(None, None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("powerSaving"), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), None), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
+        // A value this version doesn't know (a newer or damaged preference file) is the default.
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("turbo"), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some(""), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        // WGPU_POWER_PREF wins over the preference, either way.
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("powerSaving"), Some(PowerPreference::HighPerformance)), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), Some(PowerPreference::LowPower)), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(None, Some(PowerPreference::None)), PowerPreference::None);
+    }
+
+    /// The preference the engine saves is the one the app reads back before the window opens.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_saved_engine_preference_is_found() {
+        let mut prefs = vectorcraft_engine::Prefs::default();
+        let saved = prefs.to_json();
+        assert_eq!(saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str), Some("powerSaving"));
+        prefs.gpu_preference = "highPerformance".into();
+        let saved = prefs.to_json();
+        let pref = saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(pref, None), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
+    }
+}

crates/doc/src/node.rs

@@ -75,12 +75,16 @@ impl LayerColor {
 #[serde(tag = "shape", rename_all = "lowercase")]
 pub enum LiveShape {
     Rectangle {
-        /// Untransformed width/height.
+        /// Untransformed width/height. Transforms fold their scale into these (see
+        /// [`LiveShape::transform`]), so they are document lengths unless `xf` shears.
         w: f64,
         h: f64,
-        /// Corner radii: top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left.
+        /// Corner radii: top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left. In the same units as
+        /// `w`/`h`: the corners are circular arcs in the document whenever `xf` doesn't scale.
         radii: [f64; 4],
-        /// Maps the untransformed shape (origin at its top-left) into the document.
+        /// Maps the untransformed shape (origin at its top-left) into the document. A rotation
+        /// or reflection plus a move, unless a shear (or a file saved before transforms folded
+        /// their scale into `w`/`h`) put more in it.
         xf: Affine,
     },
     Ellipse {
@@ -129,12 +133,44 @@ impl LiveShape {
             LiveShape::Line { a, b } => shapes::line(*a, *b),
         }
     }
-    pub fn transform(&mut self, a: Affine) {
+    /// Apply `a` to the shape. True when the shape is no longer `a` applied to the old path, so
+    /// the caller must regenerate the path with [`LiveShape::to_path`].
+    ///
+    /// A rectangle keeps round corners whatever its proportions: when `a` scales it along its own
+    /// sides (any rotation or reflection, no shear), the scale goes into `w`/`h` and `xf` keeps
+    /// only the rotation, reflection and position. The radii scale by the mean scale (the square
+    /// root of the determinant), which [`LiveShape::keep_corners`] undoes for Scale Corners off.
+    /// A shear can't keep circular corners: `xf` takes it, as do moves (so files saved with a
+    /// scale in `xf` keep their exact geometry until they're next transformed).
+    pub fn transform(&mut self, a: Affine) -> bool {
         match self {
-            LiveShape::Rectangle { xf, .. } | LiveShape::Ellipse { xf, .. } | LiveShape::Polygon { xf, .. } => *xf = a * *xf,
+            LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii, xf } => {
+                let m = a * *xf;
+                let [a0, a1, a2, a3, _, _] = a.as_coeffs();
+                let moves_only = (a0 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12 && a1.abs() < 1e-12 && a2.abs() < 1e-12 && (a3 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12;
+                let [m0, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5] = m.as_coeffs();
+                let (sx, sy) = (m0.hypot(m1), m2.hypot(m3));
+                let orthogonal = sx > 1e-12 && sy > 1e-12 && (m0 * m2 + m1 * m3).abs() <= 1e-9 * sx * sy;
+                let finite = m.as_coeffs().iter().all(|c| c.is_finite()) && w.is_finite() && h.is_finite();
+                if moves_only || !orthogonal || !finite {
+                    *xf = m;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                let k = (sx * sy).sqrt();
+                radii.iter_mut().for_each(|r| *r *= k);
+                *w *= sx;
+                *h *= sy;
+                *xf = Affine::new([m0 / sx, m1 / sx, m2 / sy, m3 / sy, m4, m5]);
+                true
+            }
+            LiveShape::Ellipse { xf, .. } | LiveShape::Polygon { xf, .. } => {
+                *xf = a * *xf;
+                false
+            }
             LiveShape::Line { a: p, b } => {
                 *p = a * *p;
                 *b = a * *b;
+                false
             }
         }
     }
@@ -613,11 +649,10 @@ impl Node {
             NodeKind::Path { path, live, .. } => {
                 path.transform(a);
                 if let Some(l) = live {
-                    l.transform(a);
-                    if sc.keep_corners
-                        && let Some(k) = k
-                        && l.keep_corners(k)
-                    {
+                    // A rectangle scaled unevenly keeps circular corners: its path is regenerated.
+                    let reshaped = l.transform(a);
+                    let kept = sc.keep_corners && k.is_some_and(|k| l.keep_corners(k));
+                    if reshaped || kept {
                         *path = l.to_path();
                     }
                 }
@@ -1135,6 +1170,113 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(l.label(), "Rectangle");
     }
 
+    /// A node holding a live rectangle (`w` × `h`, all radii `r`, placed by `xf`) and its path.
+    fn live_rect(w: f64, h: f64, r: f64, xf: Affine) -> Node {
+        let live = LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii: [r; 4], xf };
+        let mut n = Node::path(NodeId(1), live.to_path(), Appearance::default_art());
+        if let NodeKind::Path { live: slot, .. } = &mut n.kind {
+            *slot = Some(live);
+        }
+        n
+    }
+
+    fn live_of(n: &Node) -> (f64, f64, [f64; 4], Affine) {
+        let NodeKind::Path { live: Some(LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii, xf }), .. } = &n.kind else { panic!("not a live rectangle") };
+        (*w, *h, *radii, *xf)
+    }
+
+    fn near(a: f64, b: f64) -> bool {
+        (a - b).abs() < 1e-9
+    }
+
+    fn near_xf(a: Affine, b: Affine) -> bool {
+        a.as_coeffs().iter().zip(b.as_coeffs()).all(|(x, y)| near(*x, y))
+    }
+
+    /// Size and radius of a live rectangle, within rounding.
+    fn assert_live(n: &Node, w: f64, h: f64, r: f64) {
+        let (lw, lh, radii, _) = live_of(n);
+        assert!(near(lw, w) && near(lh, h) && radii.iter().all(|x| near(*x, r)), "{lw} × {lh} r {radii:?}, want {w} × {h} r {r}");
+    }
+
+    /// Each corner arc of a rounded rectangle's path, mapped by `back` (to undo a rotation),
+    /// spans `r` along x and y: the corner is a circular arc of radius `r`.
+    fn assert_round_corners(n: &Node, back: Affine, r: f64) {
+        let NodeKind::Path { path, .. } = &n.kind else { panic!("not a path") };
+        let a: Vec<Point> = path.subpaths[0].anchors.iter().map(|a| back * a.p).collect();
+        assert_eq!(a.len(), 8, "a rounded rectangle");
+        // Anchors 1→2, 3→4, 5→6 and 7→0 are the arcs.
+        for (i, j) in [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 0)] {
+            let (x, y) = ((a[j].x - a[i].x).abs(), (a[j].y - a[i].y).abs());
+            assert!(near(x, r) && near(y, r), "corner spans {x} × {y}, want {r} × {r}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    const KEEP_CORNERS: Scaling = Scaling { strokes: false, effects: None, keep_type_strokes: false, keep_corners: true };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn uneven_scales_keep_live_corners_circular() {
+        // A 100 pt rounded square at (10, 10) stretched to 300 × 100 (#291).
+        let mut n = live_rect(100.0, 100.0, 20.0, Affine::translate((10.0, 10.0)));
+        let stretch = Affine::translate((10.0, 10.0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(3.0, 1.0) * Affine::translate((-10.0, -10.0));
+        n.transform(stretch, KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_live(&n, 300.0, 100.0, 20.0);
+        assert!(near_xf(live_of(&n).3, Affine::translate((10.0, 10.0))), "the scale went into the size");
+        let b = n.geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+        assert!(near(b.x0, 10.0) && near(b.y0, 10.0) && near(b.x1, 310.0) && near(b.y1, 110.0), "{b:?}");
+        assert_round_corners(&n, Affine::IDENTITY, 20.0);
+        // Scale Corners on: the radius scales by the mean scale, still circular.
+        let mut n = live_rect(100.0, 100.0, 20.0, Affine::IDENTITY);
+        n.transform(Affine::scale_non_uniform(4.0, 1.0), Scaling::default());
+        assert_live(&n, 400.0, 100.0, 40.0);
+        assert_round_corners(&n, Affine::IDENTITY, 40.0);
+        // Squashed below the radius, the short sides are fully round; stretched back, it returns.
+        n.transform(Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, 0.5), KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_round_corners(&n, Affine::IDENTITY, 25.0);
+        n.transform(Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, 2.0), KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_round_corners(&n, Affine::IDENTITY, 40.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rotated_and_reflected_live_rectangles_scale_along_their_own_sides() {
+        let place = Affine::translate((200.0, 100.0)) * Affine::rotate(30f64.to_radians());
+        let mut n = live_rect(100.0, 50.0, 10.0, place);
+        // Stretched along its own width, as a bounding-box drag of a rotated shape does.
+        n.transform(place * Affine::scale_non_uniform(2.0, 1.0) * place.inverse(), KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_live(&n, 200.0, 50.0, 10.0);
+        assert!(near_xf(live_of(&n).3, place));
+        assert_round_corners(&n, place.inverse(), 10.0);
+        // A reflection stays in `xf`; the corners stay as they were.
+        n.transform(Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0), KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_live(&n, 200.0, 50.0, 10.0);
+        let xf = live_of(&n).3;
+        assert!(near(xf.determinant(), -1.0));
+        assert_round_corners(&n, xf.inverse(), 10.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shears_and_moves_keep_the_old_transform() {
+        // Scaling a rotated rectangle along the page axes shears it: `xf` takes it all, as before.
+        let rot = Affine::rotate(30f64.to_radians());
+        let mut n = live_rect(100.0, 50.0, 10.0, rot);
+        let before = n.clone();
+        let a = Affine::scale_non_uniform(2.0, 1.0);
+        n.transform(a, Scaling::default());
+        assert_eq!(live_of(&n), (100.0, 50.0, [10.0; 4], a * rot));
+        let (NodeKind::Path { path, .. }, NodeKind::Path { path: old, .. }) = (&n.kind, &before.kind) else { panic!() };
+        assert_eq!(*path, old.transformed(a));
+        // A file saved with an uneven scale in `xf` keeps its exact geometry when moved...
+        let legacy = Affine::translate((5.0, 5.0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(2.0, 1.0);
+        let mut n = live_rect(100.0, 100.0, 20.0, legacy);
+        n.transform(Affine::translate((10.0, 0.0)), KEEP_CORNERS);
+        assert_eq!(live_of(&n), (100.0, 100.0, [20.0; 4], Affine::translate((10.0, 0.0)) * legacy));
+        // ...and once scaled, has document units and circular corners of its mean radius.
+        n.transform(Affine::scale(2.0), Scaling::default());
+        assert_live(&n, 400.0, 200.0, 20.0 * 2f64.sqrt() * 2.0);
+        assert!(near(live_of(&n).3.determinant(), 1.0));
+        assert_round_corners(&n, Affine::IDENTITY, 20.0 * 2f64.sqrt() * 2.0);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn default_transparency() {
         let p = || Node::path(NodeId(1), shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0)), Appearance::default_art());

crates/doc/src/text.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
-use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Point, Rect};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Point, Rect, Vec2};
 
 use crate::appearance::{Appearance, AppearanceItem, Dash, FillLayer, LineCap, LineJoin, StrokeLayer};
 
@@ -476,6 +476,49 @@ impl TextObject {
     pub fn transform(&mut self, a: Affine) {
         self.xf = a * self.xf;
     }
+    /// Area type's frame (the type area) in document space; None for other type.
+    pub fn area_frame(&self) -> Option<PathData> {
+        match &self.kind {
+            TextKind::Area { frame } => Some(frame.transformed(self.xf)),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    /// Reshape area type's frame by `a`, a document-space transform, keeping the type at its size
+    /// (a bounding-box resize: the text reflows, it isn't scaled). False, changing nothing, for
+    /// other type, a degenerate `xf` or a frame that would not be finite.
+    pub fn transform_area(&mut self, a: Affine) -> bool {
+        let xf = self.xf;
+        self.reshape_area(|frame, to_text| {
+            frame.transform(to_text * a * xf);
+            true
+        })
+    }
+    /// Move anchors `refs` (subpath, anchor) of area type's frame by `d` in document space, with
+    /// their handles (a Direct Selection drag of a frame corner or edge). False, changing
+    /// nothing, when an anchor doesn't exist, or as [`Self::transform_area`].
+    pub fn move_area_anchors(&mut self, refs: &[(usize, usize)], d: Vec2) -> bool {
+        self.reshape_area(|frame, to_text| {
+            // A distance: only the linear part of the document → text map applies.
+            let local = to_text * d.to_point() - to_text * Point::ZERO;
+            refs.iter().all(|&(si, ai)| frame.anchor_mut(si, ai).map(|a| a.translate(local)).is_some())
+        })
+    }
+    /// Edit a copy of the area frame with `f` (given the document → text space map) and keep it
+    /// when `f` succeeds and the result is finite.
+    fn reshape_area(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut PathData, Affine) -> bool) -> bool {
+        let det = self.xf.determinant();
+        if !det.is_finite() || det.abs() < 1e-12 {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let to_text = self.xf.inverse();
+        let TextKind::Area { frame } = &mut self.kind else { return false };
+        let mut next = frame.clone();
+        if !f(&mut next, to_text) || !next.anchors().all(|(_, _, a)| a.p.is_finite() && a.h_in.is_finite() && a.h_out.is_finite()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        *frame = next;
+        true
+    }
     /// Scale the character strokes' weights and dashes by `s` (they are drawn in text space, so
     /// `1 / scale` keeps their weight through a transform that scales the type).
     pub fn scale_char_strokes(&mut self, s: f64) {
@@ -505,4 +548,49 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(b.x0 >= 10.0 - 1e-9 && b.y1 > 20.0);
         assert_eq!(CharStyle::default().effective_leading(), 14.399999999999999);
     }
+
+    /// 120 × 40 area type at (40, 40), its text drawn at twice its size.
+    fn area_type() -> TextObject {
+        let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "Some text", CharStyle::default());
+        t.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: vectorcraft_geom::shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 60.0, 20.0)) };
+        t.xf = Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)) * Affine::scale(2.0);
+        t
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn area_resizes_its_frame_and_keeps_its_type() {
+        let mut t = area_type();
+        assert_eq!(t.bounds(), Some(Rect::new(40.0, 40.0, 160.0, 80.0)));
+        // Bottom-right handle to (200, 140), about the top-left corner.
+        let o = Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0));
+        assert!(t.transform_area(o * Affine::scale_non_uniform(160.0 / 120.0, 100.0 / 40.0) * o.inverse()));
+        assert_eq!(t.xf, Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)) * Affine::scale(2.0), "the type keeps its size");
+        let b = t.bounds().unwrap();
+        assert!((b.x1 - 200.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (b.y1 - 140.0).abs() < 1e-9 && b.x0 == 40.0, "{b:?}");
+        assert_eq!(t.area_frame().unwrap().bounds(), Some(b));
+        // Point type has no area; a degenerate transform or a non-finite frame changes nothing.
+        let mut p = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "x", CharStyle::default());
+        assert!(!p.transform_area(Affine::scale(2.0)) && p.area_frame().is_none());
+        let before = t.clone();
+        assert!(!t.transform_area(Affine::scale(f64::INFINITY)));
+        t.xf = Affine::scale(0.0);
+        assert!(!t.transform_area(Affine::scale(2.0)));
+        t.xf = before.xf;
+        assert_eq!(t, before);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn area_anchors_move_in_document_space() {
+        let mut t = area_type();
+        // The bottom-right corner (anchor 2) 20 pt right: 10 pt in text space at 2×.
+        assert!(t.move_area_anchors(&[(0, 2)], Vec2::new(20.0, 0.0)));
+        let TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { panic!() };
+        assert_eq!(frame.subpaths[0].anchors[2].p, Point::new(70.0, 20.0));
+        assert_eq!(frame.subpaths[0].anchors[1].p, Point::new(60.0, 0.0), "the others stay");
+        // A missing anchor changes nothing.
+        let before = t.clone();
+        assert!(!t.move_area_anchors(&[(0, 1), (0, 9)], Vec2::new(5.0, 5.0)));
+        assert!(!t.move_area_anchors(&[(3, 0)], Vec2::new(5.0, 5.0)));
+        assert_eq!(t, before);
+    }
 }

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/export.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::DocState;
 
 use super::super::*;
 use super::encode::single_artboard;
-use super::{ARTBOARD_PARAMS, Format, default_name, encode, encode_all, merge, writable, write_encoded, write_or_return};
+use super::{ARTBOARD_PARAMS, Format, default_name, encode, encode_all, encode_with_warnings, merge, writable, write_encoded, write_or_return};
 
 pub(super) fn serialize(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let f = writable("document.serialize", Some(str_param(p, "format").unwrap_or("vectorcraft")), None)?;
@@ -151,8 +151,10 @@ pub(super) fn export_selection(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let expanded = expand_presets(s, C, p)?;
     let p = &*expanded;
     let (d, bounds) = selection(s, C)?;
-    let bytes = encode(&d, f.id, &without_artboards(p))?;
-    write_or_return(path, &bytes, json!({ "bounds": [bounds.x0, bounds.y0, bounds.width(), bounds.height()] }))
+    // The encoder's warnings (options accepted but not applied, features approximated or left
+    // out), as document.export reports them.
+    let (bytes, warnings) = encode_with_warnings(&d, f.id, &without_artboards(p))?;
+    write_or_return(path, &bytes, json!({ "format": f.id, "warnings": warnings, "bounds": [bounds.x0, bounds.y0, bounds.width(), bounds.height()] }))
 }
 
 /// File → Save for Office Documents: one artboard as a PNG at `ppi`, on white unless

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/mod.rs

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Export Selection…",
             ["File"],
             None,
-            "{path?, format?: png|jpg|webp|svg|svgz|pdf (default: from the extension, else png), scale?: 1, …the format's options} the selected objects cropped to their bounds (template layers left out) → {path, bytes, bounds} (no path → {dataBase64, bounds})",
+            "{path?, format?: png|jpg|webp|svg|svgz|pdf (default: from the extension, else png), scale?: 1, …the format's options} the selected objects cropped to their bounds (template layers left out) → {path, format, bytes, warnings, bounds} (no path → {dataBase64, format, bytes, warnings, bounds}); warnings say what the format approximated or left out, as for document.export",
             has_selection,
             export::export_selection
         ),
@@ -581,6 +581,18 @@ pub const OPEN_EXTS: &[&str] = &[
     "eps",
 ];
 
+/// The extension that picks each writable format when exporting (the format's first; PNG-8 shares
+/// `.png` with PNG, so `.png` comes once), in [`FORMATS`] order.
+pub fn export_extensions() -> Vec<&'static str> {
+    let mut v: Vec<&'static str> = Vec::new();
+    for e in FORMATS.iter().filter(|f| f.write).filter_map(|f| f.extensions.first()) {
+        if !v.contains(e) {
+            v.push(e);
+        }
+    }
+    v
+}
+
 /// Text files: File → Place sets them as area type (Text Import Options).
 pub const TEXT_EXTS: &[&str] = &["txt"];
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests.rs

@@ -150,6 +150,39 @@ fn open_exts_cover_every_readable_format() {
     assert_eq!(filters.last(), Some(&("Plug-ins", crate::cmd::plugin::EXTS)), "File › Open installs plug-ins");
 }
 
+/// The extensions usage texts list for export: one per writable format, each picking that format
+/// (`.png` picks PNG; PNG-8 is asked for by `format`).
+#[test]
+fn export_extensions_name_every_writable_format() {
+    let exts = export_extensions();
+    assert_eq!(
+        exts,
+        [
+            "vectorcraft",
+            "svg",
+            "svgz",
+            "pdf",
+            "png",
+            "jpg",
+            "gif",
+            "webp",
+            "tif",
+            "bmp",
+            "vctemplate",
+            "txt",
+            "dxf",
+            "eps",
+            "emf",
+            "wmf",
+            "tga",
+            "psd"
+        ]
+    );
+    for e in exts {
+        assert!(format_for_name(&format!("x.{e}")).is_some_and(|f| f.write), "{e}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn formats_query_lists_readers_writers_and_options() {
     let mut s = Session::new();

crates/engine/src/cmd/object.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transform",
             [],
             None,
-            "{matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f], copy?: bool, ids?, strokes?: bool, corners?: bool} apply an affine to the selection (or ids); strokes/corners: Scale Strokes & Effects / Scale Corners (default: the preferences)",
+            "{matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f], copy?: bool, ids?, strokes?: bool, corners?: bool, typeAreas?: bool} apply an affine to the selection (or ids); strokes/corners: Scale Strokes & Effects / Scale Corners (default: the preferences); typeAreas: area type among them (not type inside a group) reshapes its frame by the matrix and its text reflows at its size, as a bounding-box handle drag does (default: the type transforms too)",
             has_doc,
             transform
         ),
@@ -202,15 +202,18 @@ pub(crate) fn scaling(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Scaling {
     Scaling { strokes, effects: strokes.then_some(vectorcraft_render::effects::scale_effect), keep_type_strokes: !strokes, keep_corners: !corners }
 }
 
-/// Apply `xf` to `ids` (`copy` param: duplicate first; `strokes`/`corners`: see [`scaling`]).
-/// Records Transform Again.
+/// Apply `xf` to `ids` (`copy` param: duplicate first; `strokes`/`corners`: see [`scaling`];
+/// `typeAreas`: see [`resize_type_area`]). Records Transform Again.
 pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf: Affine, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let copy = bool_or(p, "copy", false);
+    let areas = bool_or(p, "typeAreas", false);
     let sc = if Scaling::factor(xf).is_some() { scaling(s, p) } else { Scaling::default() };
     let ids = s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
         let targets = if copy { duplicate_in(d, sel, &ids, Affine::IDENTITY)? } else { ids.clone() };
         for id in &targets {
-            if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
+            if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
+                && !(areas && resize_type_area(n, xf))
+            {
                 n.transform(xf, sc);
             }
         }
@@ -224,6 +227,17 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf
     Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
 }
 
+/// Area type resized by its bounding box: `xf` reshapes its frame (the type area) and the text
+/// reflows at its size. False for anything else (and type in perspective), which transforms as
+/// usual.
+fn resize_type_area(n: &mut Node, xf: Affine) -> bool {
+    if n.perspective.is_some() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &mut n.kind else { return false };
+    super::typecmd::reshape_area_with(t, |t| t.transform_area(xf))
+}
+
 fn transform(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let m = matrix_param(p, "matrix").ok_or_else(|| bad("object.transform", "missing matrix [a,b,c,d,e,f]"))?;
     let ids = match ids_param(p, "ids") {

crates/engine/src/cmd/prefscmds.rs

@@ -82,6 +82,8 @@ pub const UNITS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     ("feet", "Feet"),
 ];
 const LINE_STYLE: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("lines", "Lines"), ("dots", "Dots")];
+/// Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`), read by the desktop app at startup.
+pub const GPU_PREFERENCES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("powerSaving", "Power Saving (integrated)"), ("highPerformance", "High Performance (discrete)")];
 const BLACK: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("accurate", "Display All Blacks Accurately"), ("rich", "Display All Blacks as Rich Black")];
 const BLACK_OUT: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("accurate", "Output All Blacks Accurately"), ("rich", "Output All Blacks as Rich Black")];
 
@@ -265,6 +267,7 @@ pub const PREF_SPECS: &[PrefSpec] = &[
     // Performance
     p!("gpuPerformance", "Performance", "GPU Performance", "GPU Performance", bool),
     p!("animatedZoom", "Performance", "GPU Performance", "Animated Zoom", bool),
+    p!("gpuPreference", "Performance", "GPU Performance", "Graphics Processor", choice(GPU_PREFERENCES)),
     p!("historyStates", "Performance", "", "History States", int(5, 1000)),
     p!("realTimeDrawing", "Performance", "", "Real-time Drawing and Editing", bool),
     p!("renderThreads", "Performance", "", "Render Threads (-1 = Automatic)", int(-1, 64)),

crates/engine/src/cmd/select.rs

@@ -188,7 +188,8 @@ fn key(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     ok()
 }
 
-fn parse_refs(v: Option<&Value>) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
+/// `[[subpath, anchor]…]` anchor references (malformed entries are left out).
+pub(crate) fn parse_refs(v: Option<&Value>) -> Vec<(usize, usize)> {
     v.and_then(Value::as_array)
         .map(|a| a.iter().filter_map(|x| Some((x.get(0)?.as_u64()? as usize, x.get(1)?.as_u64()? as usize))).collect())
         .unwrap_or_default()

crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Justify, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
-use vectorcraft_geom::PathData;
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Vec2};
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
 use super::pathops::{len_param, num_param, shape_node};
@@ -48,10 +48,19 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area Type Options…",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt} set the selected area type's options (none given: query) → the first object's options",
+            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (none given: query) → the first object's options",
             has_selection,
             area_options
         ),
+        cmd!(
+            "text.reshapeArea",
+            "Reshape Type Area",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{id, anchors: [[subpath, anchor]…], dx, dy} move anchors of area type's frame (the type area) by dx, dy points, with their handles; the text reflows at its size, through its thread too (what Direct Selection does dragging a frame corner or edge)",
+            has_doc,
+            reshape_area
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "text.fitHeadline",
             "Fit Headline",
@@ -265,25 +274,82 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
 }
 
+/// Reshape area type's frame with `f` ([`TextObject::transform_area`],
+/// [`TextObject::move_area_anchors`]) and lay its text out again. False, changing nothing, when
+/// `f` fails or the frame would reach past [`crate::MAX_COORD`] (the text flows over its height).
+pub(crate) fn reshape_area_with(t: &mut TextObject, f: impl FnOnce(&mut TextObject) -> bool) -> bool {
+    let before = t.kind.clone();
+    let within = |t: &TextObject| match &t.kind {
+        vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } => {
+            frame.bounds().is_some_and(|b| [b.x0, b.y0, b.x1, b.y1].iter().all(|v| v.abs() <= crate::MAX_COORD))
+        }
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    if !(f(t) && within(t)) {
+        t.kind = before;
+        return false;
+    }
+    refresh_bounds(t);
+    true
+}
+
+/// Area type's text, if `n` is area type.
+fn area_text(n: Option<&Node>) -> Option<&TextObject> {
+    match n.map(|n| &n.kind) {
+        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) if matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. }) => Some(t),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The width and height of area type's frame in points, along the type's own axes, and the frame's
+/// bounds in text space.
+fn area_size(t: &TextObject) -> Option<(f64, f64, vectorcraft_geom::Rect)> {
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { return None };
+    let b = frame.bounds()?;
+    let [a, bb, c, d, _, _] = t.xf.as_coeffs();
+    Some((b.width() * a.hypot(bb), b.height() * c.hypot(d), b))
+}
+
+/// Size area type's frame to `w` × `h` points (None: keep that side) from its top-left corner,
+/// and lay its text out again. False when the frame doesn't change.
+fn size_area(t: &mut TextObject, w: Option<f64>, h: Option<f64>) -> bool {
+    let Some((cw, ch, b)) = area_size(t) else { return false };
+    let factor = |to: Option<f64>, cur: f64| match to {
+        Some(to) if cur > 1e-9 && (to - cur).abs() > 1e-9 => to / cur,
+        _ => 1.0,
+    };
+    let (sx, sy) = (factor(w, cw), factor(h, ch));
+    if sx == 1.0 && sy == 1.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let o = Affine::translate(b.origin().to_vec2());
+    let a = t.xf * o * Affine::scale_non_uniform(sx, sy) * o.inverse() * t.xf.inverse();
+    reshape_area_with(t, |t| t.transform_area(a))
+}
+
 fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "text.areaOptions";
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = {
         let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
-        text_targets(s, p, C)?
-            .into_iter()
-            .filter(|i| matches!(d.node(*i).map(|n| &n.kind), Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) if matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. })))
-            .collect()
+        text_targets(s, p, C)?.into_iter().filter(|i| area_text(d.node(*i)).is_some()).collect()
     };
-    let first = ids.first().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
-    let current = match &s.doc()?.doc.node(*first).map(|n| &n.kind) {
-        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => t.area.clone(),
-        _ => return Err(bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)")),
+    let first = *ids.first().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
+    let options = |s: &Session| -> Result<Value> {
+        let t = area_text(s.doc()?.doc.node(first)).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
+        let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&t.area).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
+        if let (Some(o), Some((w, h, _))) = (v.as_object_mut(), area_size(t)) {
+            o.insert("width".into(), json!(w));
+            o.insert("height".into(), json!(h));
+        }
+        Ok(v)
     };
-    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&current).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
-    let mut changed = false;
+    let mut v = options(s)?;
+    let size = |k: &str| p.get(k).and_then(Value::as_f64).map(|x| x.clamp(1.0, 100_000.0));
+    let (w, h) = (size("width"), size("height"));
+    let mut changed = w.is_some() || h.is_some();
     if let (Some(o), Some(src)) = (v.as_object_mut(), p.as_object()) {
         for (k, val) in src {
-            if o.contains_key(k) && k != "ids" {
+            if o.contains_key(k) && !matches!(k.as_str(), "ids" | "width" | "height") {
                 o.insert(k.clone(), val.clone());
                 changed = true;
             }
@@ -298,17 +364,43 @@ fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     opts.gutter = opts.gutter.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
     opts.inset = opts.inset.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
     opts.first_baseline_min = opts.first_baseline_min.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
-    let out = serde_json::to_value(&opts).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
     s.edit("Area Type Options", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
                 t.area = opts.clone();
-                refresh_bounds(t);
+                // A resized frame has laid its text out again; otherwise the new options do here.
+                if !size_area(t, w, h) {
+                    refresh_bounds(t);
+                }
             }
         }
         Ok(())
     })?;
-    Ok(out)
+    options(s)
+}
+
+fn reshape_area(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "text.reshapeArea";
+    let id = id_param(p, "id").ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "missing id"))?;
+    let mut refs = super::select::parse_refs(p.get("anchors"));
+    refs.sort_unstable();
+    refs.dedup();
+    if refs.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "missing anchors [[subpath, anchor]…]"));
+    }
+    let d = Vec2::new(f64_req(p, "dx", C)?, f64_req(p, "dy", C)?);
+    let node = s.doc()?.doc.node(id);
+    if area_text(node).is_none() || node.is_some_and(|n| n.perspective.is_some()) {
+        return Err(bad(C, "not area type (text in a frame) outside perspective"));
+    }
+    s.edit("Reshape Type Area", |doc, _| {
+        let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { return Err(EngineError::NoNode(id)) };
+        if !reshape_area_with(t, |t| t.move_area_anchors(&refs, d)) {
+            return Err(bad(C, "no such frame anchor, or the frame would reach past the canvas"));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    ok()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

crates/engine/src/inspect.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,21 @@ pub fn node_summary(n: &Node) -> Value {
     if n.bbox_angle != 0.0 {
         v["rotation"] = json!(n.bbox_angle);
     }
-    if !n.is_container() {
+    if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind {
+        // Type shows its characters' paint: the first run's, as paint.proxies and the Stroke
+        // options read it. Fills and strokes of the type object itself, above or below its
+        // characters, come separately so the two stay apart.
+        let default = vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle::default();
+        let style = t.runs.first().map_or(&default, |r| &r.style);
+        v["fill"] = json!(style.fill.label());
+        v["stroke"] = json!(style.stroke.label());
+        v["strokeWidth"] = json!(if style.stroke.is_none() { 0.0 } else { style.stroke_width });
+        if n.appearance.fill().is_some() || n.appearance.stroke().is_some() {
+            v["objectFill"] = json!(n.appearance.fill_paint().label());
+            v["objectStroke"] = json!(n.appearance.stroke_paint().label());
+            v["objectStrokeWidth"] = json!(n.appearance.stroke_width());
+        }
+    } else if !n.is_container() {
         v["fill"] = json!(n.appearance.fill_paint().label());
         v["stroke"] = json!(n.appearance.stroke_paint().label());
         v["strokeWidth"] = json!(n.appearance.stroke_width());

crates/engine/src/lib.rs

@@ -397,6 +397,12 @@ pub struct Prefs {
     // Performance
     pub gpu_performance: bool,
     pub animated_zoom: bool,
+    /// Which graphics processor the desktop app asks for at startup (it takes effect after a
+    /// restart): `powerSaving` (the integrated GPU on hybrid-graphics laptops) or `highPerformance`
+    /// (the discrete one). The canvas is rasterized on the CPU and only composited on the GPU, so
+    /// the integrated GPU is plenty; presenting from the discrete GPU through the integrated one
+    /// made some hybrid laptops flicker (#306). Single-GPU machines are unaffected.
+    pub gpu_preference: String,
     pub history_states: u32,
     pub real_time_drawing: bool,
     /// Rasterizer worker threads; -1 = automatic.
@@ -598,6 +604,7 @@ impl Default for Prefs {
             interface_language: s("auto"),
             gpu_performance: true,
             animated_zoom: true,
+            gpu_preference: s("powerSaving"),
             history_states: 500,
             real_time_drawing: true,
             render_threads: -1,
@@ -1388,6 +1395,8 @@ mod tests_toolsettings;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_transparencygrid;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_typearea;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_units;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_webexport;

crates/engine/src/tests.rs

@@ -285,6 +285,39 @@ fn inspect_lists_everything() {
     assert!(s.commands().len() > 100);
 }
 
+/// Type reports the paint its characters show, and its own object-level paint apart from it.
+#[test]
+fn inspect_reports_the_paint_of_types_characters() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 50, "y": 60, "text": "HI", "size": 24})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color": "#ff0000", "ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    let node = |s: &mut Session| {
+        let v = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        v["layers"][0]["children"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|n| n["id"] == id).cloned().unwrap()
+    };
+    let t = node(&mut s);
+    assert_eq!((t["fill"].as_str(), t["stroke"].as_str(), t["strokeWidth"].as_f64()), (Some("#ff0000"), Some("None"), Some(0.0)), "{t}");
+    assert!(t.get("objectFill").is_none(), "no object-level paint: {t}");
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color": "#0000ff", "ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("paint.setStroke", &json!({"color": "#00ff00", "ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("stroke.set", &json!({"weight": 3, "ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    let t = node(&mut s);
+    assert_eq!((t["fill"].as_str(), t["stroke"].as_str(), t["strokeWidth"].as_f64()), (Some("#0000ff"), Some("#00ff00"), Some(3.0)), "{t}");
+    // An object-level fill on the type stays distinguishable from its characters' paint.
+    s.execute("appearance.addFill", &json!({"ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color": "#ffff00", "item": 0, "ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+    let t = node(&mut s);
+    assert_eq!(t["objectFill"], "#ffff00", "{t}");
+    assert_eq!(t["fill"], "#0000ff", "{t}");
+    // A path keeps reporting its own appearance.
+    let r = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color": "#ff0000", "ids": [r]})).unwrap();
+    let v = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let rect = v["layers"][0]["children"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|n| n["id"] == r).cloned().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rect["fill"], "#ff0000");
+    assert!(rect.get("objectFill").is_none());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn every_command_has_unique_id_and_doc() {
     let mut ids: Vec<&str> = command_specs().iter().map(|c| c.id).collect();

crates/engine/src/tests_file.rs

@@ -168,6 +168,33 @@ fn export_selection_crops_to_the_selection() {
     assert_eq!(text.matches("<path").count(), 1, "{text}");
 }
 
+/// A selection export reports the encoder's warnings like a whole-document export, and an empty
+/// list when nothing was approximated.
+#[test]
+fn export_selection_reports_the_encoders_warnings() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("transparency.set", &json!({"blend": "Multiply"})).unwrap();
+    let warnings = |v: &serde_json::Value| v["warnings"].as_array().cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no warnings key: {v}"));
+    // Control: nothing approximated.
+    let plain = s.execute("document.exportSelection", &json!({"format": "svg"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(plain["format"], "svg");
+    assert!(warnings(&plain).is_empty(), "{plain}");
+    for (format, options, says) in [
+        ("webp", json!({"lossless": false}), "lossless"),
+        ("svg", json!({"profile": "tiny12"}), "blend"),
+        ("pdf", json!({"createLayers": true, "compatibility": "1.4"}), "layers"),
+    ] {
+        let mut p = options.clone();
+        p["format"] = json!(format);
+        let sel = s.execute("document.exportSelection", &p).unwrap();
+        let doc = s.execute("document.export", &p).unwrap();
+        let w = warnings(&sel);
+        assert!(w.iter().any(|w| w.as_str().unwrap_or("").to_lowercase().contains(says)), "{format}: {sel}");
+        assert_eq!(w, warnings(&doc), "{format}: the same warnings as a whole-document export");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn template_opens_as_untitled() {
     let mut s = session();
@@ -206,3 +233,30 @@ fn raster_export_too_large_is_an_error_not_a_crash() {
     assert!(std::fs::read(&path).unwrap().starts_with(b"\x89PNG"));
     let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir);
 }
+
+/// Japanese file and folder names save, open, export and title documents as typed: the native
+/// format, SVG, PNG and PDF, in a folder with a Japanese name too.
+#[test]
+fn japanese_file_names_save_open_and_export() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 80, "height": 40})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 80, "text": "日本語のテキスト"})).unwrap();
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vc-日本語フォルダ-{}", std::process::id()));
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    let path = dir.join("運動会カード（最終版）・2024.vectorcraft");
+    s.execute("document.save", &json!({"path": path.to_string_lossy()})).unwrap();
+    assert!(path.exists());
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().title(), "運動会カード（最終版）・2024.vectorcraft", "the tab names the file as typed");
+    s.execute("document.open", &json!({"path": path.to_string_lossy()})).unwrap();
+    let d = s.doc().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(d.path.as_deref(), Some(path.to_string_lossy().as_ref()));
+    let mut found = false;
+    d.doc.walk(|n| found |= matches!(&n.kind, vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Text(t) if t.plain_text() == "日本語のテキスト"));
+    assert!(found, "the Japanese text comes back");
+    for (format, name) in [("svg", "書き出し.svg"), ("png", "書き出し.png"), ("pdf", "書き出し.pdf")] {
+        let out = dir.join(name);
+        s.execute("document.export", &json!({"format": format, "path": out.to_string_lossy()})).unwrap();
+        assert!(std::fs::metadata(&out).is_ok_and(|m| m.len() > 0), "{name}");
+    }
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir);
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_prefs.rs

@@ -122,3 +122,33 @@ fn prefs_serde_round_trip_and_tolerates_missing_fields() {
     assert_eq!(partial.keyboard_increment, 4.0);
     assert_eq!(partial.corner_radius, 12.0);
 }
+
+/// Performance › Graphics Processor (#306): power saving by default, set by value or label, kept
+/// through a save/load round trip, and a bad value is an error that changes nothing.
+#[test]
+fn gpu_preference_defaults_to_power_saving_and_validates() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    assert_eq!(s.prefs.gpu_preference, "powerSaving");
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("prefs.get", &json!({"key": "gpuPreference"})).unwrap(), json!("powerSaving"));
+    s.execute("prefs.set", &json!({"key": "gpuPreference", "value": "highPerformance"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.prefs.gpu_preference, "highPerformance");
+    s.execute("prefs.set", &json!({"key": "gpuPreference", "value": "Power Saving (integrated)"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.prefs.gpu_preference, "powerSaving");
+    for bad in [json!("turbo"), json!(""), json!(1), json!(null), json!(["highPerformance"])] {
+        assert!(s.execute("prefs.set", &json!({"key": "gpuPreference", "value": bad})).is_err(), "{bad}");
+        assert_eq!(s.prefs.gpu_preference, "powerSaving");
+    }
+    let p = Prefs { gpu_preference: "highPerformance".into(), ..Default::default() };
+    let back: Prefs = serde_json::from_value(p.to_json()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(back.gpu_preference, "highPerformance");
+    // Preference files written before the preference existed get the default.
+    let old: Prefs = serde_json::from_value(json!({"gpuPerformance": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(old.gpu_preference, "powerSaving");
+    let l = s.execute("prefs.list", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let row = l.as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|e| e["key"] == "gpuPreference").unwrap().clone();
+    assert_eq!(row["category"], "Performance");
+    assert_eq!(row["options"], json!(["powerSaving", "highPerformance"]));
+    s.execute("prefs.set", &json!({"key": "gpuPreference", "value": "highPerformance"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("prefs.reset", &json!({"category": "Performance"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.prefs.gpu_preference, "powerSaving");
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_scalestrokes.rs

@@ -153,6 +153,61 @@ fn scale_corners_keeps_or_scales_live_corner_radii() {
     assert!((n.geometric_bounds().unwrap().width() - 400.0).abs() < 1e-6);
 }
 
+/// The extent along x and y of each corner arc of an upright live rounded rectangle's path.
+fn corner_spans(n: &Node) -> Vec<(f64, f64)> {
+    let NodeKind::Path { path, .. } = &n.kind else { panic!("not a path") };
+    let a = &path.subpaths[0].anchors;
+    assert_eq!(a.len(), 8, "a rounded rectangle");
+    [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 0)].iter().map(|(i, j)| ((a[*j].p.x - a[*i].p.x).abs(), (a[*j].p.y - a[*i].p.y).abs())).collect()
+}
+
+/// Every corner is a circular arc of radius `r`.
+fn round_corners(n: &Node, r: f64) -> bool {
+    corner_spans(n).iter().all(|(x, y)| (x - r).abs() < 1e-9 && (y - r).abs() < 1e-9)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn live_corners_stay_circular_when_a_rectangle_is_scaled_unevenly() {
+    // #291: a rounded square widened into a long rectangle keeps round corners.
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = id_of(&run(&mut s, "shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 100, "height": 100, "radius": 10})));
+    run(&mut s, "object.scale", json!({"sx": 300, "sy": 100, "corners": false}));
+    let n = node(&s, id);
+    assert!((n.geometric_bounds().unwrap().width() - 300.0).abs() < 1e-9);
+    assert!(round_corners(&n, 10.0), "{:?}", corner_spans(&n));
+    let NodeKind::Path { live: Some(LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii, .. }), .. } = &n.kind else { panic!("not live") };
+    assert!((w - 300.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (h - 100.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (radii[0] - 10.0).abs() < 1e-9, "the panels read document units");
+    // Scale Corners on: the radius scales by the mean scale (√(2 × 0.5) = 1 here, 2 below).
+    run(&mut s, "object.scale", json!({"sx": 200, "sy": 50, "corners": true}));
+    assert!(round_corners(&node(&s, id), 10.0), "{:?}", corner_spans(&node(&s, id)));
+    run(&mut s, "object.scale", json!({"sx": 100, "sy": 400, "corners": true}));
+    assert!(round_corners(&node(&s, id), 20.0), "{:?}", corner_spans(&node(&s, id)));
+    // Undo brings each step back.
+    run(&mut s, "edit.undo", json!({}));
+    run(&mut s, "edit.undo", json!({}));
+    assert!(round_corners(&node(&s, id), 10.0));
+    run(&mut s, "edit.undo", json!({}));
+    assert!(round_corners(&node(&s, id), 10.0));
+    assert!((node(&s, id).geometric_bounds().unwrap().width() - 100.0).abs() < 1e-9);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_bounding_box_drag_keeps_live_corners_circular() {
+    // The Selection tool's handle drag previews `object.transform` from the shape as it began.
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = id_of(&run(&mut s, "shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 50, "y": 50, "width": 100, "height": 100, "radius": 25})));
+    s.begin_interaction("Scale").unwrap();
+    for sx in [1.5, 2.5, 4.0] {
+        // Dragging the right-middle handle: scaled about the left edge.
+        s.preview("object.transform", &json!({"matrix": [sx, 0, 0, 1, 50.0 - 50.0 * sx, 0]})).unwrap();
+    }
+    s.commit_interaction().unwrap();
+    let n = node(&s, id);
+    let b = n.geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+    assert!((b.x0 - 50.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (b.width() - 400.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (b.height() - 100.0).abs() < 1e-9, "{b:?}");
+    assert!(round_corners(&n, 25.0), "{:?}", corner_spans(&n));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn the_journal_records_the_scale_options_used() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_textedit.rs

@@ -328,6 +328,23 @@ fn select_all_and_cut_like_ui() {
     assert_eq!(obj(&s, id).plain_text(), "abc defabc def");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn a_frame_dragged_with_the_type_tools_is_the_dragged_rectangle() {
+    for tool in ["type", "verticalType"] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let v = ViewInfo::default();
+        s.select_tool(tool, v).unwrap();
+        for (k, x, y) in [(PointerKind::Down, 100.0, 100.0), (PointerKind::Drag, 300.0, 180.0), (PointerKind::Up, 300.0, 180.0)] {
+            s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(k, x, y), v).unwrap();
+        }
+        let t = obj(&s, s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects[0]);
+        let TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { panic!("{tool}: not area type") };
+        let b = frame.bounds().unwrap();
+        let (a, z) = (t.xf * Point::new(b.x0, b.y0), t.xf * Point::new(b.x1, b.y1));
+        assert!((a - Point::new(100.0, 100.0)).hypot() < 1e-9 && (z - Point::new(300.0, 180.0)).hypot() < 1e-9, "{tool}: {a:?} {z:?}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn area_type_from_a_circle_keeps_glyphs_inside() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_typearea.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+//! Resizing area type (#252): a bounding-box handle drag and Area Type Options size the type area
+//! and the text reflows at its size; Direct Selection reshapes the frame by a corner or an edge.
+//! Point type still scales.
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeKind, TextKind, TextObject};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Point, Rect};
+use vectorcraft_text::TextLayout;
+use vectorcraft_tools::bbox::Handle;
+use vectorcraft_tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind};
+
+use super::*;
+
+const STORY: &str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A second sentence follows the first one here. Then a third one ends it.";
+
+fn session() -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 800, "height": 600})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn id_of(v: &Value) -> NodeId {
+    NodeId(v["id"].as_u64().unwrap())
+}
+
+/// 12 pt area type in a `w` × `h` frame at (`x`, `y`).
+fn area(s: &mut Session, x: f64, y: f64, w: f64, h: f64, text: &str) -> NodeId {
+    id_of(&s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": x, "y": y, "size": 12, "area": {"width": w, "height": h}, "text": text})).unwrap())
+}
+
+fn sel(s: &mut Session, ids: &[NodeId]) {
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()})).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn text(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> TextObject {
+    match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().kind {
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => (**t).clone(),
+        k => panic!("not text: {k:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The frame's anchors in text space.
+fn corners(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> Vec<Point> {
+    match text(s, id).kind {
+        TextKind::Area { frame } => frame.anchors().map(|(_, _, a)| a.p).collect(),
+        k => panic!("not area type: {k:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn frame(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> Rect {
+    match text(s, id).kind {
+        TextKind::Area { frame } => frame.bounds().unwrap(),
+        k => panic!("not area type: {k:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn layout(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> TextLayout {
+    vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &text(s, id))
+}
+
+fn undo_len(s: &Session) -> usize {
+    s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len()
+}
+
+fn last_step(s: &Session) -> String {
+    s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.last().unwrap().label.clone()
+}
+
+/// Press, drag and release `tool` from `from` to `to`.
+fn drag(s: &mut Session, tool: &str, from: Point, to: Point) {
+    let v = ViewInfo::default();
+    s.select_tool(tool, v).unwrap();
+    for (kind, p) in [(PointerKind::Down, from), (PointerKind::Drag, to), (PointerKind::Up, to)] {
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, p.x, p.y).with_mods(Mods::default()), v).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert!(!s.in_interaction());
+}
+
+fn near(a: Point, b: Point) -> bool {
+    a.distance(b) < 1e-6
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_handle_drag_resizes_the_type_area_and_the_text_reflows() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    let before = layout(&s, id);
+    assert!(before.overflow, "the story overflows 120 × 40");
+    sel(&mut s, &[id]);
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    // The bounding box's bottom-right handle, from (160, 80) to (200, 140): 160 × 100.
+    drag(&mut s, "selection", Point::new(160.0, 80.0), Point::new(200.0, 140.0));
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1, "one step");
+    assert_eq!(last_step(&s), "Resize Type Area");
+    let r = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(near(r.origin(), Point::ZERO) && (r.width() - 160.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (r.height() - 100.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{r:?}");
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    assert_eq!(t.xf, Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)), "the type isn't scaled");
+    assert!(t.runs.iter().all(|r| r.style.size == 12.0));
+    let after = layout(&s, id);
+    assert!(after.lines.len() > before.lines.len(), "more lines fit: {} → {}", before.lines.len(), after.lines.len());
+    assert!(after.glyphs.len() > before.glyphs.len());
+    assert!(!after.overflow, "the whole story fits 160 × 100");
+    // The bounding box hugs the new frame.
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().geometric_bounds(), Some(Rect::new(40.0, 40.0, 200.0, 140.0)));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0));
+    assert!(layout(&s, id).overflow);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn point_type_still_scales_with_its_handles() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = id_of(&s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 40, "y": 40, "size": 12, "text": "Hello"})).unwrap());
+    sel(&mut s, &[id]);
+    let b = s.transform_box(&s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects).unwrap();
+    let (tl, br) = (b.to_doc() * Handle::TopLeft.pos(b.rect), b.to_doc() * Handle::BottomRight.pos(b.rect));
+    drag(&mut s, "selection", br, tl + (br - tl) * 2.0);
+    assert_eq!(last_step(&s), "Scale");
+    let c = text(&s, id).xf.as_coeffs();
+    assert!((c[0] - 2.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (c[3] - 2.0).abs() < 1e-6, "the type doubles: {c:?}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn with_other_objects_the_type_area_resizes_and_the_others_scale() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    let r = id_of(&s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 40, "y": 100, "width": 120, "height": 20})).unwrap());
+    sel(&mut s, &[id, r]);
+    // The box spans (40, 40)–(160, 120); its right handle doubles the width.
+    drag(&mut s, "selection", Point::new(160.0, 80.0), Point::new(280.0, 80.0));
+    assert_eq!(last_step(&s), "Scale");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(r).unwrap().geometric_bounds(), Some(Rect::new(40.0, 100.0, 280.0, 120.0)));
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 240.0, 40.0));
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).xf, Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_rotated_type_area_resizes_along_its_own_axes() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    sel(&mut s, &[id]);
+    s.execute("object.rotate", &json!({"angle": 30, "absolute": true})).unwrap();
+    let xf = text(&s, id).xf;
+    let b = s.transform_box(&[id]).unwrap();
+    let right = b.to_doc() * Handle::Right.pos(b.rect);
+    let along = (b.to_doc() * Handle::Right.pos(b.rect)) - (b.to_doc() * Handle::Left.pos(b.rect));
+    drag(&mut s, "selection", right, right + along * 0.5);
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).xf, xf, "the type keeps its size and angle");
+    let r = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!((r.width() - 180.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (r.height() - 40.0).abs() < 1e-6, "still a rectangle, 180 × 40: {r:?}");
+    assert_eq!(corners(&s, id).len(), 4);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn direct_selection_drags_a_frame_corner_or_edge() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    let glyphs = layout(&s, id).glyphs.len();
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    // The bottom-right corner, not selected yet: the corner moves, the others stay.
+    drag(&mut s, "directSelection", Point::new(160.0, 80.0), Point::new(200.0, 140.0));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, vec![id]);
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1, "one step");
+    assert_eq!(last_step(&s), "Reshape Type Area");
+    let c = corners(&s, id);
+    assert!(near(c[0], Point::ZERO) && near(c[1], Point::new(120.0, 0.0)) && near(c[3], Point::new(0.0, 40.0)), "{c:?}");
+    assert!(near(c[2], Point::new(160.0, 100.0)), "{c:?}");
+    assert!(layout(&s, id).glyphs.len() > glyphs, "more text fits the larger area");
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).xf, Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0));
+    // The right edge: both its ends move, and the area stays a rectangle.
+    drag(&mut s, "directSelection", Point::new(160.0, 60.0), Point::new(180.0, 60.0));
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 140.0, 40.0));
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).runs[0].style.size, 12.0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_resized_frame_reflows_its_thread() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    let b = area(&mut s, 300.0, 40.0, 120.0, 200.0, "");
+    sel(&mut s, &[a, b]);
+    s.execute("text.thread.create", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let rest = text(&s, b).plain_text().len();
+    assert!(rest > 0, "the overflow flows on");
+    // Bounding-box resize of the first frame to 160 × 100, as the Selection tool sends it.
+    let m = Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(160.0 / 120.0, 100.0 / 40.0) * Affine::translate((-40.0, -40.0));
+    let c = m.as_coeffs();
+    s.execute("object.transform", &json!({"ids": [a.0], "matrix": c, "typeAreas": true})).unwrap();
+    assert!(text(&s, b).plain_text().len() < rest, "the second frame holds less");
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, a).plain_text().len() + text(&s, b).plain_text().len(), STORY.len());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn area_type_options_size_the_type_area() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    sel(&mut s, &[id]);
+    let q = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((q["width"].as_f64(), q["height"].as_f64()), (Some(120.0), Some(40.0)));
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    let r = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"width": 160, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((r["width"].as_f64(), r["height"].as_f64()), (Some(160.0), Some(100.0)));
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 160.0, 100.0));
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).xf, Affine::translate((40.0, 40.0)));
+    assert!(!layout(&s, id).overflow);
+    // The dialog's OK sends the size back unchanged with the other options: only those change.
+    s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"width": 160, "height": 100, "inset": 4})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 160.0, 100.0));
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 2);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0));
+    // Type scaled 200%: sizes are in points on the page, along the type's axes.
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 200, "origin": [40, 40]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({})).unwrap()["width"].as_f64(), Some(240.0));
+    s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"width": 300})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 150.0, 40.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn reshape_area_takes_untrusted_params() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 40.0, 40.0, 120.0, 40.0, STORY);
+    let point = id_of(&s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 40, "y": 300, "text": "Point"})).unwrap());
+    let rect = id_of(&s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 300, "y": 300, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap());
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    for bad in [
+        json!({}),
+        json!({"anchors": [[0, 2]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": point.0, "anchors": [[0, 0]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": rect.0, "anchors": [[0, 0]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": 99_999, "anchors": [[0, 0]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [["a", 1], [0], "x"], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 9]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 1], [7, 0]], "dx": 1, "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2]], "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2]], "dx": "far", "dy": 1}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2]], "dx": 0, "dy": 1e300}),
+        json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2]], "dx": -1e7, "dy": 0}),
+    ] {
+        assert!(s.execute("text.reshapeArea", &bad).is_err(), "{bad}");
+    }
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n, "nothing changed");
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0));
+    // Listed twice, an anchor still moves once.
+    s.execute("text.reshapeArea", &json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2], [0, 2]], "dx": 10, "dy": 5})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(corners(&s, id)[2], Point::new(130.0, 45.0));
+    assert_eq!(last_step(&s), "Reshape Type Area");
+    // A frame collapsed to nothing lays out (everything overflows) without trouble.
+    for m in [[0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 40.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 40.0], [0.0; 6]] {
+        s.execute("object.transform", &json!({"ids": [id.0], "matrix": m, "typeAreas": true})).unwrap();
+        assert!(layout(&s, id).overflow);
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn reshape_area_is_a_registered_command() {
+    let spec = cmd::find_command("text.reshapeArea").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(spec.label, "Reshape Type Area");
+    assert!(spec.params.contains("anchors") && spec.params.contains("dx"));
+    assert!(cmd::find_command("object.transform").unwrap().params.contains("typeAreas"));
+    assert!(session().commands().iter().any(|c| c.id == "text.reshapeArea" && c.enabled));
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_xform.rs

@@ -148,6 +148,27 @@ fn free_transform_distort_mode_via_pointer() {
     assert_eq!(s.journal.last().map(|j| j.0.as_str()), Some("object.distort"));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn free_transform_cmd_held_once_a_corner_drag_started_distorts_in_one_step() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rect(&mut s, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0, 100.0);
+    let v = ViewInfo::default();
+    s.select_tool("freeTransform", v).unwrap();
+    let before = undo_len(&s);
+    let cmd = Mods { cmd: true, ..Default::default() };
+    s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, 200.0, 200.0), v).unwrap();
+    s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, 210.0, 210.0), v).unwrap();
+    s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, 250.0, 260.0).with_mods(cmd), v).unwrap();
+    s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, 250.0, 260.0).with_mods(cmd), v).unwrap();
+    let d = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    let pts: Vec<Point> = d.node(a).unwrap().path_data().unwrap().anchors().map(|(_, _, an)| an.p).collect();
+    for p in [Point::new(250.0, 260.0), Point::new(100.0, 100.0), Point::new(200.0, 100.0), Point::new(100.0, 200.0)] {
+        assert!(pts.iter().any(|q| q.distance(p) < 1e-6), "{p:?} not in {pts:?}");
+    }
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), before + 1);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.last().map(|e| e.label.as_str()), Some("Distort"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn free_transform_side_handle_scales() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/tests/import_fuzz.rs

@@ -910,6 +910,9 @@ fn arb_ps_token() -> impl Strategy<Value = String> {
             "stopped", "begin", "end", "dict", "array", "string", "get", "put", "getinterval", "putinterval", "aload", "astore", "forall",
             "[", "]", "<<", ">>", "{", "}", "matrix", "currentmatrix", "setmatrix", "transform", "itransform", "invertmatrix", "pathbbox",
             "clippath", "initclip", "currentpoint", "eexec", "cleartomark", "mark", "counttomark", "showpage", "gstate", "setgstate",
+            "clipsave", "cliprestore", "languagelevel", "cvx", "findresource", "defineresource", "undefineresource", "resourcestatus",
+            "resourceforall", "/Category", "/Generic", "/ProcSet", "(*)", "(G?n*\\\\*?)", "{pop}", "8 string",
+            "(*) {pop} 8 string /Category resourceforall", "/Generic /Category findresource dup length dict copy /Category defineresource",
             "/ASCII85Decode", "/ASCIIHexDecode", "/FlateDecode", "/RunLengthDecode", "/LZWDecode", "/DCTDecode", "/SubFileDecode",
             "/DeviceRGB", "/DeviceCMYK", "/DeviceGray", "/Pattern", "/x", "x", "/Helvetica", "(abc)", "<ff00>", "<~87cURD]i,\"Ebo80~>",
             "true", "false", "null", "[/Separation (S) /DeviceCMYK {dup dup dup}]", "[/Indexed /DeviceRGB 1 <ff000000ff00>]",

crates/eps/src/import/data.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use vectorcraft_geom::Affine;
 use super::graphics::{Space, process};
 use super::interp::{Interp, matrix_of};
 use super::lex::{find, hex_decode};
-use super::obj::{DictRef, Key, Obj, Op, PsError, Res, ps_err};
+use super::obj::{DictRef, Key, Obj, Op, PsError, Res, Shared, ps_err};
 use crate::ps;
 
 /// Most bytes one filter or image reads.
@@ -223,20 +223,15 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
             ReadHexString | ReadString => {
                 let s = self.pop_str()?;
                 let Obj::File(f) = self.pop()? else { return ps_err("typecheck", "") };
-                let n = s.borrow().len();
+                let n = s.len();
                 let got = if op == ReadString { self.read(&f, n)? } else { self.read_hex(&f, n)? };
-                let full = got.len() == n;
-                self.alloc(got.len())?;
-                if let Some(d) = s.borrow_mut().get_mut(..got.len()) {
-                    d.copy_from_slice(&got);
-                }
-                self.push(Obj::string(got))?;
-                self.push(Obj::Bool(full))?;
+                self.fill(s, &got)?;
+                self.push(Obj::Bool(got.len() == n))?;
             }
             ReadLine => {
                 let s = self.pop_str()?;
                 let Obj::File(f) = self.pop()? else { return ps_err("typecheck", "") };
-                let n = s.borrow().len();
+                let n = s.len();
                 let mut line = vec![];
                 let mut ended = false;
                 while line.len() < n {
@@ -252,8 +247,7 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
                         Some(b) => line.push(*b),
                     }
                 }
-                self.alloc(line.len())?;
-                self.push(Obj::string(line))?;
+                self.fill(s, &line)?;
                 self.push(Obj::Bool(ended))?;
             }
             FlushFile | CloseFile => {
@@ -307,12 +301,20 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
         Ok(out)
     }
 
+    /// Read bytes `got` into string `s` and push the part of `s` they fill.
+    fn fill(&mut self, s: Shared<u8>, got: &[u8]) -> Res {
+        if !s.write(0, got) {
+            return ps_err("rangecheck", "");
+        }
+        self.push_interval(Obj::Str(s), 0, got.len())
+    }
+
     /// `filter`: a file that decodes its source. Over the program's own data it decodes when
     /// first read (the data follows the operator that reads it); over other data, at once.
     fn filter(&mut self) -> Res {
         let name = self.pop()?.text().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", "filter".into()))?;
         let sub = if &*name == "SubFileDecode" {
-            let eod = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+            let eod = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
             let count = self.pop_count()?;
             (count, eod)
         } else {
@@ -687,8 +689,8 @@ struct Pixels {
 fn source(o: &Obj) -> Res<Source> {
     Ok(match o {
         Obj::File(f) => Source::File(f.clone()),
-        Obj::Str(s) => Source::Str(s.borrow().clone()),
-        p @ Obj::Array { .. } => Source::Proc(Obj::Array { items: p.items().cloned().unwrap_or_default(), exec: true }),
+        Obj::Str(s) => Source::Str(s.to_vec()),
+        Obj::Array { items, .. } => Source::Proc(Obj::Array { items: items.clone(), exec: true }),
         _ => return ps_err("typecheck", "DataSource"),
     })
 }

crates/eps/src/import/graphics.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ pub(crate) struct GState {
     pub cur: Option<Point>,
     pub start: Option<Point>,
     pub clips: Vec<Arc<Clip>>,
+    /// The clips `clipsave` saved, for `cliprestore`.
+    pub saved_clips: Vec<Rc<[Arc<Clip>]>>,
     pub overprint: bool,
     pub font: Option<DictRef>,
 }
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ impl Default for GState {
             cur: None,
             start: None,
             clips: vec![],
+            saved_clips: vec![],
             overprint: false,
             font: None,
         }
@@ -489,7 +492,7 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
         let (family, items) = match o {
             Obj::Name(n) | Obj::Exec(n) => (n.clone(), vec![]),
             Obj::Array { items, .. } => {
-                let v = items.borrow().clone();
+                let v = items.to_vec();
                 let n = v.first().and_then(Obj::text).ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", "setcolorspace".into()))?;
                 (n, v)
             }
@@ -702,7 +705,7 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
         let d = match f {
             Obj::Dict(d) => d.clone(),
             Obj::Array { items, .. } => {
-                let fs = items.borrow().clone();
+                let fs = items.to_vec();
                 let mut out = vec![];
                 for g in &fs {
                     out.extend(self.eval(g, t, depth + 1)?.first().copied());
@@ -730,7 +733,7 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
                 Ok(c0.iter().zip(&c1).map(|(a, b)| a + x * (b - a)).collect())
             }
             Some(3.0) => {
-                let fs = get("Functions").and_then(|o| o.items().map(|i| i.borrow().clone())).unwrap_or_default();
+                let fs = get("Functions").and_then(|o| o.items().map(|i| i.to_vec())).unwrap_or_default();
                 let bounds = nums(get("Bounds"));
                 let encode = nums(get("Encode"));
                 let (lo, hi) = (domain.first().copied().unwrap_or(0.0), domain.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(1.0));
@@ -1095,6 +1098,19 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
                 self.g.start = self.g.cur;
             }
             InitClip => self.g.clips.clear(),
+            ClipSave => {
+                if self.g.saved_clips.len() >= MAX_GSAVE {
+                    return Err(PsError::Limit("too many saved clips"));
+                }
+                self.alloc(std::mem::size_of_val(self.g.clips.as_slice()))?;
+                let clips = self.g.clips.as_slice().into();
+                self.g.saved_clips.push(clips);
+            }
+            ClipRestore => {
+                if let Some(clips) = self.g.saved_clips.pop() {
+                    self.g.clips = clips.to_vec();
+                }
+            }
             Clip | EoClip => {
                 let bp = self.g.path.clone();
                 self.clip_with(bp, if op == EoClip { FillRule::EvenOdd } else { FillRule::NonZero });
@@ -1118,7 +1134,7 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
             }
             RectStroke => {
                 let m = match self.stack.last() {
-                    Some(Obj::Array { items, .. }) if items.borrow().len() == 6 => Some(self.pop_matrix()?),
+                    Some(Obj::Array { items, .. }) if items.len() == 6 => Some(self.pop_matrix()?),
                     _ => None,
                 };
                 let mut bp = self.rects()?;
@@ -1157,7 +1173,7 @@ fn linear_points(f: &Obj) -> Option<Vec<f64>> {
     match num("FunctionType")? {
         2.0 if num("N").unwrap_or(1.0) == 1.0 => Some(vec![]),
         3.0 => {
-            let fs = d.get(&Key::name("Functions"))?.items()?.borrow().clone();
+            let fs = d.get(&Key::name("Functions"))?.items()?.to_vec();
             if !fs.iter().all(|g| linear_points(g).is_some_and(|p| p.is_empty())) {
                 return None;
             }

crates/eps/src/import/interp.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use vectorcraft_geom::Affine;
 
 use super::graphics::{GState, Out};
 use super::lex::Lexer;
-use super::obj::{Dict, DictRef, Key, Obj, Op, PsError, Res, ps_err};
+use super::obj::{Dict, DictRef, Key, Obj, Op, PsError, Res, Shared, ps_err};
 
 /// Most operations one file may run.
 const MAX_OPS: u64 = 50_000_000;
@@ -61,6 +61,12 @@ fn encoding() -> Obj {
     Obj::array(vec![Obj::name(".notdef"); 256])
 }
 
+/// The resource categories there are to begin with (instances of `Category`).
+const CATEGORIES: &str = "Category Generic Font CIDFont CMap FontSet Encoding Form Pattern ProcSet ColorSpace Halftone \r
+                          ColorRendering IdiomSet InkParams TrapParams OutputDevice ControlLanguage Localization PDL HWOptions \r
+                          Filter ColorSpaceFamily Emulator IODevice ColorRenderingType FMapType FontType FormType HalftoneType \r
+                          ImageType PatternType FunctionType ShadingType";
+
 impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
     pub fn new(src: &'a [u8], g: GState, out: Out) -> Self {
         let system = new_dict();
@@ -72,7 +78,15 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             for name in ["StandardEncoding", "ISOLatin1Encoding"] {
                 d.insert(Key::name(name), encoding());
             }
+            // An integer, as interpreters have it (`systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge`): run, the
+            // name pushes it all the same.
+            d.insert(Key::name("languagelevel"), Obj::Int(3));
         }
+        // Each category's implementation dictionary (`/Generic /Category findresource`).
+        let categories: Dict =
+            CATEGORIES.split_whitespace().map(|c| (Key::name(c), Obj::dict(Dict::from([(Key::name("Category"), Obj::name(c))])))).collect();
+        let resources = new_dict();
+        resources.borrow_mut().insert(Key::name("Category"), Obj::dict(categories));
         let fonts = new_dict();
         system.borrow_mut().insert(Key::name("FontDirectory"), Obj::Dict(fonts.clone()));
         system.borrow_mut().insert(Key::name("GlobalFontDirectory"), Obj::Dict(fonts.clone()));
@@ -87,7 +101,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             status: new_dict(),
             error: new_dict(),
             fonts,
-            resources: new_dict(),
+            resources,
             depth: 0,
             ops: 0,
             allocated: 0,
@@ -175,7 +189,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn pop_str(&mut self) -> Res<Rc<RefCell<Vec<u8>>>> {
+    pub fn pop_str(&mut self) -> Res<Shared<u8>> {
         match self.pop()? {
             Obj::Str(s) => Ok(s),
             _ => ps_err("typecheck", "a string"),
@@ -183,7 +197,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
     }
 
     /// An array or procedure.
-    pub fn pop_array(&mut self) -> Res<Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>> {
+    pub fn pop_array(&mut self) -> Res<Shared<Obj>> {
         match self.pop()? {
             Obj::Array { items, .. } => Ok(items),
             _ => ps_err("typecheck", "an array"),
@@ -197,15 +211,9 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Store `m` into the matrix operand `items` and push it back.
-    pub fn put_matrix(&mut self, items: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>, m: Affine) -> Res {
-        {
-            let mut v = items.borrow_mut();
-            if v.len() != 6 {
-                return ps_err("rangecheck", "a matrix");
-            }
-            for (slot, c) in v.iter_mut().zip(m.as_coeffs()) {
-                *slot = Obj::Real(c);
-            }
+    pub fn put_matrix(&mut self, items: Shared<Obj>, m: Affine) -> Res {
+        if items.len() != 6 || !items.write(0, &m.as_coeffs().map(Obj::Real)) {
+            return ps_err("rangecheck", "a matrix");
         }
         self.push(Obj::Array { items, exec: false })
     }
@@ -276,24 +284,24 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn run_proc(&mut self, items: &Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>) -> Res {
+    fn run_proc(&mut self, items: &Shared<Obj>) -> Res {
         self.enter()?;
         let r = self.run_items(items);
         self.depth -= 1;
         r
     }
 
-    fn run_items(&mut self, items: &Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>) -> Res {
+    fn run_items(&mut self, items: &Shared<Obj>) -> Res {
         let mut i = 0;
         loop {
-            let Some(o) = items.borrow().get(i).cloned() else { return Ok(()) };
+            let Some(o) = items.get(i) else { return Ok(()) };
             i += 1;
             self.exec_token(o)?;
         }
     }
 
     /// Run `proc` as a loop body: `Ok(false)` when it ran `exit`.
-    fn body(&mut self, proc: &Obj) -> Res<bool> {
+    pub fn body(&mut self, proc: &Obj) -> Res<bool> {
         self.tick()?;
         match self.call(proc.clone()) {
             Ok(()) => Ok(true),
@@ -303,7 +311,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Run a procedure operand, executable or not (`exec`, `if`, loops).
-    fn pop_proc(&mut self) -> Res<Obj> {
+    pub fn pop_proc(&mut self) -> Res<Obj> {
         match self.pop()? {
             Obj::Array { items, .. } => Ok(Obj::Array { items, exec: true }),
             o @ (Obj::Op(_) | Obj::Exec(_)) => Ok(o),
@@ -480,7 +488,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             Gt | Ge | Lt | Le => {
                 let (b, a) = (self.pop()?, self.pop()?);
                 let ord = match (&a, &b) {
-                    (Obj::Str(x), Obj::Str(y)) => x.borrow().as_slice().partial_cmp(y.borrow().as_slice()),
+                    (Obj::Str(x), Obj::Str(y)) => x.borrow().partial_cmp(&*y.borrow()),
                     _ => a.as_num().zip(b.as_num()).and_then(|(x, y)| x.partial_cmp(&y)),
                 }
                 .ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", String::new()))?;
@@ -646,14 +654,10 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
                 } else {
                     show_text(&self.pop()?)
                 };
-                let n = text.len();
-                if n > s.borrow().len() {
+                if !s.write(0, text.as_bytes()) {
                     return ps_err("rangecheck", "");
                 }
-                if let Some(d) = s.borrow_mut().get_mut(..n) {
-                    d.copy_from_slice(text.as_bytes());
-                }
-                self.push_interval(Obj::Str(s), 0, n)?;
+                self.push_interval(Obj::Str(s), 0, text.len())?;
             }
             ReadOnly | ExecuteOnly | NoAccess | SetPacking | SetGlobal | SetObjectFormat => {
                 if matches!(op, SetPacking | SetGlobal | SetObjectFormat) {
@@ -683,8 +687,8 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             }
             Length => {
                 let n = match self.pop()? {
-                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => items.borrow().len(),
-                    Obj::Str(s) => s.borrow().len(),
+                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => items.len(),
+                    Obj::Str(s) => s.len(),
                     Obj::Dict(d) => d.borrow().len(),
                     Obj::Name(n) | Obj::Exec(n) => n.len(),
                     _ => return ps_err("typecheck", ""),
@@ -699,14 +703,8 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             Get => {
                 let k = self.pop()?;
                 let o = match self.pop()? {
-                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => {
-                        let i = index(&k)?;
-                        items.borrow().get(i).cloned().ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?
-                    }
-                    Obj::Str(s) => {
-                        let i = index(&k)?;
-                        Obj::Int(i64::from(*s.borrow().get(i).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?))
-                    }
+                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => items.get(index(&k)?).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?,
+                    Obj::Str(s) => Obj::Int(i64::from(s.get(index(&k)?).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?)),
                     Obj::Dict(d) => {
                         let key = k.key().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", String::new()))?;
                         let v = d.borrow().get(&key).cloned();
@@ -718,21 +716,21 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             }
             Put => {
                 let (v, k, c) = (self.pop()?, self.pop()?, self.pop()?);
-                match c {
-                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => {
-                        let i = index(&k)?;
-                        *items.borrow_mut().get_mut(i).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))? = v;
-                    }
+                let written = match c {
+                    Obj::Array { items, .. } => items.write(index(&k)?, std::slice::from_ref(&v)),
                     Obj::Str(s) => {
-                        let i = index(&k)?;
                         let b = v.as_num().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", String::new()))?;
-                        *s.borrow_mut().get_mut(i).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))? = b as i64 as u8;
+                        s.write(index(&k)?, &[b as i64 as u8])
                     }
                     Obj::Dict(d) => {
                         let key = k.key().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", String::new()))?;
                         insert(&d, key, v)?;
+                        true
                     }
                     _ => return ps_err("typecheck", ""),
+                };
+                if !written {
+                    return ps_err("rangecheck", "");
                 }
             }
             GetInterval => {
@@ -744,41 +742,35 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             PutInterval => {
                 let src = self.pop()?;
                 let at = self.pop_count()?;
-                match (self.pop()?, src) {
-                    (Obj::Array { items, .. }, Obj::Array { items: from, .. }) => {
-                        let from = from.borrow().clone();
-                        let mut v = items.borrow_mut();
-                        let d = v.get_mut(at..at + from.len()).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?;
-                        d.clone_from_slice(&from);
-                    }
-                    (Obj::Str(s), Obj::Str(from)) => {
-                        let from = from.borrow().clone();
-                        let mut v = s.borrow_mut();
-                        let d = v.get_mut(at..at + from.len()).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?;
-                        d.copy_from_slice(&from);
-                    }
+                let written = match (self.pop()?, src) {
+                    (Obj::Array { items, .. }, Obj::Array { items: from, .. }) => items.write(at, &from.to_vec()),
+                    (Obj::Str(s), Obj::Str(from)) => s.write(at, &from.to_vec()),
                     _ => return ps_err("typecheck", ""),
+                };
+                if !written {
+                    return ps_err("rangecheck", "");
                 }
             }
             Aload => {
                 let items = self.pop_array()?;
-                let all = items.borrow().clone();
-                for o in all {
+                for o in items.to_vec() {
                     self.push(o)?;
                 }
                 self.push(Obj::Array { items, exec: false })?;
             }
             Astore => {
                 let items = self.pop_array()?;
-                let n = items.borrow().len();
-                let at = self.stack.len().checked_sub(n).ok_or(PsError::Ps("stackunderflow", String::new()))?;
-                *items.borrow_mut() = self.stack.split_off(at);
+                let at = self.stack.len().checked_sub(items.len()).ok_or(PsError::Ps("stackunderflow", String::new()))?;
+                if !items.write(0, self.stack.get(at..).unwrap_or_default()) {
+                    return ps_err("rangecheck", "");
+                }
+                self.stack.truncate(at);
                 self.push(Obj::Array { items, exec: false })?;
             }
             Search | AnchorSearch => {
-                let seek = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let seek = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 let s = self.pop_str()?;
-                let text = s.borrow().clone();
+                let text = s.to_vec();
                 let at = if op == Search { super::lex::find(&text, &seek) } else { text.starts_with(&seek).then_some(0) };
                 match at {
                     Some(i) => {
@@ -888,7 +880,6 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
                     self.push(Obj::Int(v))?;
                 }
             }
-            LanguageLevel => self.push(Obj::Int(3))?,
             Version => self.push(Obj::string(b"3010".to_vec()))?,
             Product => self.push(Obj::string(b"VectorCraft".to_vec()))?,
             RealTime | UserTime => self.push(Obj::Int(0))?,
@@ -922,19 +913,18 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
                 }
             }
             Obj::Array { items, exec } => {
-                let from = self.pop_array()?.borrow().clone();
-                let n = from.len();
-                {
-                    let mut v = items.borrow_mut();
-                    v.get_mut(..n).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?.clone_from_slice(&from);
+                let from = self.pop_array()?.to_vec();
+                if !items.write(0, &from) {
+                    return ps_err("rangecheck", "copy");
                 }
-                self.push_interval(Obj::Array { items, exec }, 0, n)?;
+                self.push_interval(Obj::Array { items, exec }, 0, from.len())?;
             }
             Obj::Str(s) => {
-                let from = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
-                let n = from.len();
-                s.borrow_mut().get_mut(..n).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?.copy_from_slice(&from);
-                self.push_interval(Obj::Str(s), 0, n)?;
+                let from = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
+                if !s.write(0, &from) {
+                    return ps_err("rangecheck", "copy");
+                }
+                self.push_interval(Obj::Str(s), 0, from.len())?;
             }
             Obj::Dict(d) => {
                 let from = self.pop_dict()?.borrow().clone();
@@ -946,16 +936,12 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// `n` items of an array or string from `at` (a copy: shared storage isn't modelled).
-    fn push_interval(&mut self, o: Obj, at: usize, n: usize) -> Res {
-        let end = at.checked_add(n).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?;
-        self.alloc(n * if matches!(o, Obj::Str(_)) { 1 } else { std::mem::size_of::<Obj>() })?;
+    /// `n` items of an array or string from `at`, sharing its storage.
+    pub fn push_interval(&mut self, o: Obj, at: usize, n: usize) -> Res {
+        let range = || PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new());
         let r = match o {
-            Obj::Array { items, exec } => {
-                let v = items.borrow().get(at..end).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?.to_vec();
-                Obj::Array { items: Rc::new(RefCell::new(v)), exec }
-            }
-            Obj::Str(s) => Obj::string(s.borrow().get(at..end).ok_or(PsError::Ps("rangecheck", String::new()))?.to_vec()),
+            Obj::Array { items, exec } => Obj::Array { items: items.sub(at, n).ok_or_else(range)?, exec },
+            Obj::Str(s) => Obj::Str(s.sub(at, n).ok_or_else(range)?),
             _ => return ps_err("typecheck", "getinterval"),
         };
         self.push(r)
@@ -966,7 +952,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
         match self.pop()? {
             Obj::Array { items, .. } => {
                 let mut i = 0;
-                while let Some(o) = items.borrow().get(i).cloned() {
+                while let Some(o) = items.get(i) {
                     i += 1;
                     self.push(o)?;
                     if !self.body(&p)? {
@@ -975,8 +961,7 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
                 }
             }
             Obj::Str(s) => {
-                let bytes = s.borrow().clone();
-                for b in bytes {
+                for b in s.to_vec() {
                     self.push(Obj::Int(i64::from(b)))?;
                     if !self.body(&p)? {
                         break;
@@ -1000,22 +985,19 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
 
     /// Replace the names in a procedure that stand for operators by the operators, down through
     /// nested procedures.
-    fn bind(&mut self, items: &Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>, depth: u32) {
+    fn bind(&mut self, items: &Shared<Obj>, depth: u32) {
         if depth > 64 {
             return;
         }
-        let n = items.borrow().len();
-        for i in 0..n {
-            let o = items.borrow().get(i).cloned();
-            match o {
+        for i in 0..items.len() {
+            match items.get(i) {
                 Some(Obj::Exec(name)) => {
-                    if let Some(Obj::Op(op)) = self.lookup(&name)
-                        && let Some(slot) = items.borrow_mut().get_mut(i)
-                    {
-                        *slot = Obj::Op(op);
+                    if let Some(o @ Obj::Op(_)) = self.lookup(&name) {
+                        // `i` is in range and nothing is reading the procedure: the write can't fail.
+                        items.write(i, &[o]);
                     }
                 }
-                Some(Obj::Array { items: inner, exec: true }) if !Rc::ptr_eq(&inner, items) => self.bind(&inner, depth + 1),
+                Some(Obj::Array { items: inner, exec: true }) if !inner.shares(items) => self.bind(&inner, depth + 1),
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
@@ -1032,6 +1014,67 @@ impl<'a> Interp<'a> {
             _ => ps_err("typecheck", ""),
         })
     }
+
+    /// The instances of `category`: `FontDirectory` for fonts.
+    pub fn instances(&mut self, category: &Obj) -> Res<DictRef> {
+        if category.text().as_deref() == Some("Font") { Ok(self.fonts.clone()) } else { self.category(category) }
+    }
+
+    /// `template proc scratch category resourceforall`: `proc` run on each instance name that
+    /// matches `template`, copied into `scratch` (in name order).
+    pub fn resource_for_all(&mut self) -> Res {
+        let category = self.pop()?;
+        let scratch = self.pop_str()?;
+        let p = self.pop_proc()?;
+        let template = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
+        let mut names: Vec<Vec<u8>> = self.instances(&category)?.borrow().keys().map(|k| show_text(&k.obj()).into_bytes()).collect();
+        names.sort();
+        for name in names {
+            if !self.matches(&template, &name)? {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if !scratch.write(0, &name) {
+                return ps_err("rangecheck", "resourceforall");
+            }
+            self.push_interval(Obj::Str(scratch.clone()), 0, name.len())?;
+            if !self.body(&p)? {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Does `name` match a `resourceforall` template: `*` any run of bytes, `?` any one, `\` the
+    /// next one as it is? Each step counts as an operation.
+    fn matches(&mut self, template: &[u8], name: &[u8]) -> Res<bool> {
+        let (mut t, mut n) = (0, 0);
+        // Where the last `*` was followed (template, name): a mismatch after it retries from there.
+        let mut star: Option<(usize, usize)> = None;
+        loop {
+            self.tick()?;
+            if n == name.len() {
+                return Ok(template.get(t..).unwrap_or_default().iter().all(|b| *b == b'*'));
+            }
+            let (want, width) = match template.get(t) {
+                Some(b'*') => {
+                    t += 1;
+                    star = Some((t, n));
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Some(b'?') => (name.get(n).copied(), 1),
+                Some(b'\\') => (template.get(t + 1).copied(), 2),
+                c => (c.copied(), 1),
+            };
+            if want.is_some() && want == name.get(n).copied() {
+                (t, n) = (t + width, n + 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+            // The last `*` takes one more byte, else there is no match.
+            let Some((st, sn)) = star else { return Ok(false) };
+            star = Some((st, sn + 1));
+            (t, n) = (st, sn + 1);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Put `v` under `k` in `d`, within [`MAX_ALLOC`] entries.
@@ -1057,7 +1100,7 @@ fn equal(a: &Obj, b: &Obj) -> bool {
     match (a, b) {
         (Obj::Null, Obj::Null) | (Obj::Mark, Obj::Mark) => true,
         (Obj::Bool(x), Obj::Bool(y)) => x == y,
-        (Obj::Array { items: x, .. }, Obj::Array { items: y, .. }) => Rc::ptr_eq(x, y),
+        (Obj::Array { items: x, .. }, Obj::Array { items: y, .. }) => x.same(y),
         (Obj::Dict(x), Obj::Dict(y)) => Rc::ptr_eq(x, y),
         (Obj::Op(x), Obj::Op(y)) => x == y,
         _ => match (a.as_num(), b.as_num()) {

crates/eps/src/import/mod.rs

@@ -192,7 +192,10 @@ fn finish(mut out: Out) -> Imported {
 
 /// A document of `frame`'s size showing TIFF preview `tiff` stretched over it.
 fn preview(tiff: &[u8], frame: Rect) -> Option<Document> {
-    let img = image::load_from_memory_with_format(tiff, image::ImageFormat::Tiff).ok()?.to_rgba8();
+    let img = match image::load_from_memory_with_format(tiff, image::ImageFormat::Tiff) {
+        Ok(img) => img.to_rgba8(),
+        Err(_) => crate::tiff::palette_rgba(tiff)?,
+    };
     let (w, h) = img.dimensions();
     if w == 0 || h == 0 {
         return None;

crates/eps/src/import/obj.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! The PostScript objects the interpreter works with, its operators and its errors.
 
-use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::cell::{Ref, RefCell};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ pub(crate) enum Obj {
     Name(Rc<str>),
     /// An executable name: looked up and run.
     Exec(Rc<str>),
-    Str(Rc<RefCell<Vec<u8>>>),
+    Str(Shared<u8>),
     /// An array; executable ones are procedures.
     Array {
-        items: Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>,
+        items: Shared<Obj>,
         exec: bool,
     },
     Dict(DictRef),
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ impl Obj {
     }
 
     pub fn string(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-        Self::Str(Rc::new(RefCell::new(bytes)))
+        Self::Str(Shared::new(bytes))
     }
 
     pub fn array(items: Vec<Obj>) -> Self {
-        Self::Array { items: Rc::new(RefCell::new(items)), exec: false }
+        Self::Array { items: Shared::new(items), exec: false }
     }
 
     pub fn proc(items: Vec<Obj>) -> Self {
-        Self::Array { items: Rc::new(RefCell::new(items)), exec: true }
+        Self::Array { items: Shared::new(items), exec: true }
     }
 
     pub fn dict(d: Dict) -> Self {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ impl Obj {
     }
 
     /// The items of an array or procedure.
-    pub fn items(&self) -> Option<&Rc<RefCell<Vec<Obj>>>> {
+    pub fn items(&self) -> Option<&Shared<Obj>> {
         match self {
             Self::Array { items, .. } => Some(items),
             _ => None,
@@ -125,6 +125,71 @@ impl Obj {
     }
 }
 
+/// The values of a string or an array: a run of storage that other strings or arrays may share
+/// (`getinterval` makes a new object over part of the same values, as PostScript does).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Shared<T> {
+    buf: Rc<RefCell<Vec<T>>>,
+    at: usize,
+    len: usize,
+}
+
+impl<T: Clone> Shared<T> {
+    pub fn new(v: Vec<T>) -> Self {
+        Self { len: v.len(), buf: Rc::new(RefCell::new(v)), at: 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.len
+    }
+
+    /// The values. Only [`Self::write`] borrows the storage mutably, for the copy alone, so this
+    /// never meets it.
+    pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<'_, [T]> {
+        let (at, end) = (self.at, self.at.saturating_add(self.len));
+        Ref::map(self.buf.borrow(), |v| v.get(at..end).unwrap_or(&[]))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, i: usize) -> Option<T> {
+        self.borrow().get(i).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T> {
+        self.borrow().to_vec()
+    }
+
+    /// `n` values from `at`, sharing the storage (`getinterval`); `None` past the end.
+    pub fn sub(&self, at: usize, n: usize) -> Option<Self> {
+        (at.checked_add(n)? <= self.len).then(|| Self { buf: self.buf.clone(), at: self.at + at, len: n })
+    }
+
+    /// Write `vals` from `at`: false when they don't fit (or `vals` is borrowed from the storage).
+    pub fn write(&self, at: usize, vals: &[T]) -> bool {
+        if at.saturating_add(vals.len()) > self.len {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let start = self.at + at;
+        let Ok(mut v) = self.buf.try_borrow_mut() else { return false };
+        match v.get_mut(start..start + vals.len()) {
+            Some(d) => {
+                d.clone_from_slice(vals);
+                true
+            }
+            None => false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The same object (`eq` on arrays): the same values of the same storage.
+    pub fn same(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {
+        Rc::ptr_eq(&self.buf, &o.buf) && self.at == o.at && self.len == o.len
+    }
+
+    /// Do both see the same storage?
+    pub fn shares(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {
+        Rc::ptr_eq(&self.buf, &o.buf)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Key {
     pub fn name(s: &str) -> Self {
         Self::Name(Rc::from(s))
@@ -209,7 +274,7 @@ ops! {
     ErrorDict = "errordict", DollarError = "$error", Bind = "bind",
     // Virtual memory and the environment.
     Save = "save", Restore = "restore", SetGlobal = "setglobal", CurrentGlobal = "currentglobal", VmStatus = "vmstatus",
-    LanguageLevel = "languagelevel", Version = "version", Product = "product", RealTime = "realtime", UserTime = "usertime",
+    Version = "version", Product = "product", RealTime = "realtime", UserTime = "usertime",
     Print = "print", EqPrint = "=", EqEqPrint = "==", Pstack = "pstack", Stack = "stack", Flush = "flush",
     // Graphics state.
     Gsave = "gsave", Grestore = "grestore", GrestoreAll = "grestoreall", InitGraphics = "initgraphics",
@@ -242,8 +307,8 @@ ops! {
     RLineTo = "rlineto", CurveTo = "curveto", RCurveTo = "rcurveto", Arc = "arc", Arcn = "arcn", Arct = "arct",
     Arcto = "arcto", ClosePath = "closepath", FlattenPath = "flattenpath", ReversePath = "reversepath",
     PathBBox = "pathbbox", ClipPath = "clippath", InitClip = "initclip", Clip = "clip", EoClip = "eoclip",
-    RectClip = "rectclip", Fill = "fill", EoFill = "eofill", Stroke = "stroke", RectFill = "rectfill",
-    RectStroke = "rectstroke", ShFill = "shfill",
+    RectClip = "rectclip", ClipSave = "clipsave", ClipRestore = "cliprestore", Fill = "fill", EoFill = "eofill",
+    Stroke = "stroke", RectFill = "rectfill", RectStroke = "rectstroke", ShFill = "shfill",
     // Images.
     Image = "image", ImageMask = "imagemask", ColorImage = "colorimage",
     // Files.
@@ -252,7 +317,8 @@ ops! {
     // Fonts and type.
     FindFont = "findfont", ScaleFont = "scalefont", MakeFont = "makefont", SetFont = "setfont", SelectFont = "selectfont",
     CurrentFont = "currentfont", DefineFont = "definefont", UndefineFont = "undefinefont", FindResource = "findresource",
-    DefineResource = "defineresource", ResourceStatus = "resourcestatus", Show = "show", AShow = "ashow",
+    DefineResource = "defineresource", UndefineResource = "undefineresource", ResourceStatus = "resourcestatus",
+    ResourceForAll = "resourceforall", Show = "show", AShow = "ashow",
     WidthShow = "widthshow", AWidthShow = "awidthshow", XShow = "xshow", YShow = "yshow", XYShow = "xyshow",
     KShow = "kshow", GlyphShow = "glyphshow", StringWidth = "stringwidth", CharPath = "charpath",
     SetCacheDevice = "setcachedevice", SetCharWidth = "setcharwidth",

crates/eps/src/import/tests.rs

@@ -452,3 +452,234 @@ fn device_settings_are_accepted_and_change_nothing() {
     assert_eq!(objects(&r.document).len(), 1, "{:?}", r.warnings);
     assert!(r.warnings.is_empty(), "{:?}", r.warnings);
 }
+
+/// Check that `body` draws one square, blue: it sets blue when what it checks holds, else red.
+fn blue(body: &str) {
+    let r = read(&format!("{body} 10 10 80 80 rectfill"));
+    let o = objects(&r.document);
+    assert_eq!(o.len(), 1, "{body}: {:?}", r.warnings);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&o[0]), Some(&Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 0.0, 1.0))), "{body}");
+    assert!(r.warnings.is_empty(), "{body}: {:?}", r.warnings);
+}
+
+/// Check that PostScript `cond` leaves `true`.
+fn check(cond: &str) {
+    blue(&format!("{cond} {{ 0 0 1 setrgbcolor }} {{ 1 0 0 setrgbcolor }} ifelse"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn the_generic_category_defines_new_categories() {
+    // #234: the reference app's prolog.
+    blue("/Generic /Category findresource pop 0 0 1 setrgbcolor");
+    blue(
+        "[/CSA /Gradient /Procedure] { /Generic /Category findresource dup length dict copy /Category defineresource pop } forall 0 0 1 setrgbcolor",
+    );
+    let define = "[/CSA /Gradient] { /Generic /Category findresource dup length dict copy /Category defineresource pop } forall \
+                  /G1 << /Kind 7 >> /Gradient defineresource pop";
+    check(&format!("{define} /G1 /Gradient findresource /Kind get 7 eq"));
+    check(&format!("{define} /Gradient /Category resourcestatus {{ pop pop true }} {{ false }} ifelse"));
+    check(&format!("{define} /G1 /Gradient resourcestatus {{ pop pop true }} {{ false }} ifelse"));
+    check(&format!("{define} /G1 /Gradient undefineresource /G1 /Gradient resourcestatus not"));
+    check(&format!("{define} {{ /G2 /Gradient findresource }} stopped"));
+    // Unknown categories aren't instances of Category; a category is a dictionary.
+    check("/Nonsense /Category resourcestatus not");
+    check("{ /Nonsense /Category findresource } stopped");
+    check("{ /X 5 /Category defineresource } stopped");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn clipsave_and_cliprestore_bring_the_clip_back() {
+    // #234.
+    blue("clipsave 0 0 50 50 rectclip cliprestore 0 0 1 setrgbcolor");
+    // The fill after cliprestore covers the whole square, unclipped.
+    let r = read("clipsave 0 0 50 50 rectclip 1 0 0 setrgbcolor 0 0 10 10 rectfill cliprestore 0 0 1 setrgbcolor 10 10 80 80 rectfill");
+    let o = objects(&r.document);
+    assert_eq!(o.len(), 2, "{:?}", r.warnings);
+    assert!(matches!(o[0].kind, NodeKind::Group { clip: true, .. }), "{:?}", o[0].kind);
+    assert!(matches!(o[1].kind, NodeKind::Path { clipping: false, .. }), "{:?}", o[1].kind);
+    assert!(near(bounds(&o[1]), Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 90.0, 90.0)), "{:?}", bounds(&o[1]));
+    // Nested, leaving the rest of the graphics state alone.
+    let r = read(
+        "0 0 60 60 rectclip clipsave 0 0 20 20 rectclip clipsave 0 0 5 5 rectclip cliprestore 0 1 0 setrgbcolor cliprestore \
+         10 10 80 80 rectfill",
+    );
+    let NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true } = &objects(&r.document)[0].kind else { panic!("{:?}", r.warnings) };
+    assert!(near(bounds(&children[0]), Rect::new(0.0, 40.0, 60.0, 100.0)), "{:?}", bounds(&children[0]));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&children[1]), Some(&Paint::solid(Color::rgb(0.0, 1.0, 0.0))));
+    // grestore undoes the clipsaves after its gsave; cliprestore with nothing saved does nothing.
+    let o = objects(&read("cliprestore gsave clipsave 0 0 50 50 rectclip grestore cliprestore 10 10 80 80 rectfill").document);
+    assert!(matches!(o[0].kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }), "{:?}", o[0].kind);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn languagelevel_is_an_integer_and_runs() {
+    // #234.
+    blue(
+        "/Level2? systemdict /languagelevel known dup { pop systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge } if def \
+         Level2? { 0 0 1 setrgbcolor } { 1 0 0 setrgbcolor } ifelse",
+    );
+    check("languagelevel 3 eq");
+    check("{ languagelevel } bind exec 3 eq");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn intervals_share_their_arrays_and_strings() {
+    // #234: astore into a subarray stores into the array.
+    blue("/a 4 array def 1 2 a 0 2 getinterval astore pop a 0 get 1 eq { 0 0 1 setrgbcolor } { 1 0 0 setrgbcolor } ifelse");
+    // put, putinterval and copy into an interval; an interval of an interval.
+    check("/a [0 0 0 0 0] def a 1 3 getinterval 1 2 getinterval 0 7 put a 2 get 7 eq");
+    check("/a [0 0 0 0] def a 2 2 getinterval 0 [8 9] putinterval a 3 get 9 eq");
+    check("/a [0 0 0 0] def [5 6] a 1 2 getinterval copy pop a 2 get 6 eq");
+    check("/s (abcd) def s 1 2 getinterval 0 (XY) putinterval s (aXYd) eq");
+    check("/s (abcd) def s 2 1 getinterval 0 90 put s (abZd) eq");
+    check("/s 8 string def 42 s 2 6 getinterval cvs pop s 2 2 getinterval (42) eq");
+    // The same interval is the same object; another one is not.
+    check("/a 4 array def a 0 2 getinterval a 0 2 getinterval eq");
+    check("/a 4 array def a 0 2 getinterval a 0 3 getinterval ne a 0 2 getinterval a 1 2 getinterval ne and");
+    // Reads and writes stay inside the interval.
+    check("/a [1 2 3 4] def { a 1 2 getinterval 2 get } stopped { a 1 2 getinterval 2 0 put } stopped and");
+    check("/a [1 2 3 4] def a 1 2 getinterval length 2 eq a 1 2 getinterval aload pop 3 eq exch 2 eq and and");
+    check("/n 0 def [1 2 3 4] 1 2 getinterval { n add /n exch def } forall n 5 eq");
+    // A procedure from an interval runs only its part.
+    check("{ 1 2 3 } 1 2 getinterval cvx exec add 5 eq");
+    // The prolog's stack save: the operands into part of one array, and back.
+    check(
+        "/stk 10 array def /lev 3 array def 1 2 3 count dup lev exch 0 exch put stk exch 0 exch getinterval astore pop \
+         clear stk 0 lev 0 get getinterval aload pop add add 6 eq",
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn resourceforall_enumerates_matching_names() {
+    // #234.
+    blue("(*) { pop } 128 string /Category resourceforall 0 0 1 setrgbcolor");
+    let count = |template: &str| format!("/n 0 def ({template}) {{ pop /n n 1 add def }} 128 string /ProcSet resourceforall n");
+    let define = "[/Foo /Fop /Bar /F*x] { 1 dict /ProcSet defineresource pop } forall";
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 4 eq", count("*")));
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 2 eq", count("Fo?")));
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 3 eq", count("F*")));
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 1 eq", count("F\\\\*x")));
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 0 eq", count("Q*")));
+    check(&format!("{define} {} 1 eq", count("*a*")));
+    // Each name is copied into the scratch string; exit stops.
+    check(&format!("{define} /last () def (B*) {{ dup length string copy /last exch def }} 8 string /ProcSet resourceforall last (Bar) eq"));
+    check(&format!("{define} /n 0 def (*) {{ pop /n n 1 add def exit }} 8 string /ProcSet resourceforall n 1 eq"));
+    // A scratch string too small for the names, as the prolog probes it.
+    check(&format!("{define} {{ (*) {{ pop }} 2 string /ProcSet resourceforall }} stopped"));
+    check("/n 0 def (Gen*) { pop /n n 1 add def } 16 string /Category resourceforall n 1 eq");
+}
+
+/// A `w` × `h` 8-bit palette TIFF with an alpha sample (`ExtraSamples` [1]), uncompressed in
+/// strips of `per` rows, in either byte order, as the reference app writes its EPS previews:
+/// pixel (x, y) is entry `(x + y) % 3` of a red, green, blue map, at alpha `12 x`.
+fn palette_tiff(w: u16, h: u16, per: u16, big: bool) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let u16b = |v: u16| if big { v.to_be_bytes() } else { v.to_le_bytes() };
+    let u32b = |v: u32| if big { v.to_be_bytes() } else { v.to_le_bytes() };
+    // Shorts in an entry, left-justified.
+    let shorts = |v: &[u16]| -> [u8; 4] {
+        let mut f = [0; 4];
+        for (i, s) in v.iter().enumerate() {
+            f[2 * i..2 * i + 2].copy_from_slice(&u16b(*s));
+        }
+        f
+    };
+    let row = u32::from(w) * 2;
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    out.extend(if big { *b"MM\0*" } else { *b"II*\0" });
+    out.extend([0; 4]);
+    let data_at = out.len() as u32;
+    for y in 0..h {
+        for x in 0..w {
+            out.extend([((x + y) % 3) as u8, (x * 12) as u8]);
+        }
+    }
+    let map_at = out.len() as u32;
+    for (c, full) in [0xFFFF, 0x8000, 0xFFFF].into_iter().enumerate() {
+        for i in 0..256 {
+            out.extend(u16b(if i == c { full } else { 0 }));
+        }
+    }
+    let strips: Vec<u16> = (0..h.div_ceil(per)).collect();
+    let offsets_at = out.len() as u32;
+    for k in &strips {
+        out.extend(u32b(data_at + u32::from(k * per) * row));
+    }
+    let counts_at = out.len() as u32;
+    for k in &strips {
+        out.extend(u32b(u32::from(per.min(h - k * per)) * row));
+    }
+    let ifd = out.len() as u32;
+    out[4..8].copy_from_slice(&u32b(ifd));
+    let n = strips.len() as u32;
+    let entries: [(u16, u16, u32, [u8; 4]); 12] = [
+        (256, 3, 1, shorts(&[w])),
+        (257, 3, 1, shorts(&[h])),
+        (258, 3, 2, shorts(&[8, 8])),
+        (259, 3, 1, shorts(&[1])),
+        (262, 3, 1, shorts(&[3])),
+        (273, 4, n, u32b(if n == 1 { data_at } else { offsets_at })),
+        (277, 3, 1, shorts(&[2])),
+        (278, 3, 1, shorts(&[per])),
+        (279, 4, n, u32b(if n == 1 { u32::from(h) * row } else { counts_at })),
+        (284, 3, 1, shorts(&[1])),
+        (320, 3, 768, u32b(map_at)),
+        (338, 3, 1, shorts(&[1])),
+    ];
+    out.extend(u16b(entries.len() as u16));
+    for (tag, kind, count, field) in entries {
+        out.extend(u16b(tag));
+        out.extend(u16b(kind));
+        out.extend(u32b(count));
+        out.extend(field);
+    }
+    out.extend([0; 4]);
+    out
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_palette_preview_with_alpha_is_placed() {
+    // #234: the program fails, so the preview is placed.
+    let ps = eps("0 0 1 setrgbcolor 10 10 80 80 rectfill frobnicate");
+    for (big, per) in [(false, 5), (true, 5), (false, 10), (true, 3)] {
+        let tiff = palette_tiff(20, 10, per, big);
+        let r = import(&crate::dos_eps(&ps, &tiff).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert!(r.preview, "{big} {per}");
+        assert!(r.warnings[0].contains("preview"), "{:?}", r.warnings);
+        let o = objects(&r.document);
+        let NodeKind::Image(im) = &o[0].kind else { panic!("{:?}", o[0].kind) };
+        assert_eq!((im.width, im.height), (20, 10));
+        assert!(near(bounds(&o[0]), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 100.0)));
+        let png = image::load_from_memory(&r.document.images[&im.key].bytes).unwrap().to_rgba8();
+        for (x, y) in [(0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (19, 9), (7, 4), (3, 6)] {
+            let [r, g, b] = [[255, 0, 0], [0, 128, 0], [0, 0, 255]][((x + y) % 3) as usize];
+            assert_eq!(png.get_pixel(x, y).0, [r, g, b, (x * 12) as u8], "({x}, {y}) {big} {per}");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_damaged_palette_preview_is_refused_without_panicking() {
+    let tiff = palette_tiff(20, 10, 5, false);
+    assert!(crate::tiff::palette_rgba(&tiff).is_some());
+    // Cut anywhere before the last entry's value (the directory is at the end): nothing.
+    for cut in 0..tiff.len() - 6 {
+        assert!(crate::tiff::palette_rgba(&tiff[..cut]).is_none(), "{cut}");
+    }
+    // Any byte changed: a picture or nothing.
+    for big in [false, true] {
+        let tiff = palette_tiff(20, 10, 5, big);
+        for at in 0..tiff.len() {
+            for v in [0, 1, 2, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xff] {
+                let mut t = tiff.clone();
+                t[at] = v;
+                let _ = crate::tiff::palette_rgba(&t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // A damaged preview of an unreadable program: the hard error.
+    let ps = eps("frobnicate");
+    for t in [&tiff[..tiff.len() / 2], b"II*\0garbage", &[0; 64]] {
+        let e = import(&crate::dos_eps(&ps, t).unwrap()).unwrap_err();
+        assert!(e.contains("can't be read"), "{e}");
+    }
+}

crates/eps/src/import/text.rs

@@ -110,38 +110,46 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
                 let category = self.pop()?;
                 let v = self.pop()?;
                 let k = self.pop()?.key().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", "defineresource".into()))?;
-                let dict = if category.text().as_deref() == Some("Font") { self.fonts.clone() } else { self.category(&category)? };
-                dict.borrow_mut().insert(k, v.clone());
+                // A category is defined by its implementation dictionary.
+                if category.text().as_deref() == Some("Category") && !matches!(v, Obj::Dict(_)) {
+                    return ps_err("typecheck", "defineresource");
+                }
+                self.instances(&category)?.borrow_mut().insert(k, v.clone());
                 self.push(v)?;
             }
+            UndefineResource => {
+                let category = self.pop()?;
+                let k = self.pop()?.key().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", "undefineresource".into()))?;
+                self.instances(&category)?.borrow_mut().remove(&k);
+            }
             ResourceStatus => {
                 let category = self.pop()?;
                 let k = self.pop()?.key().ok_or(PsError::Ps("typecheck", "resourcestatus".into()))?;
-                let dict = if category.text().as_deref() == Some("Font") { self.fonts.clone() } else { self.category(&category)? };
-                let known = dict.borrow().contains_key(&k);
+                let known = self.instances(&category)?.borrow().contains_key(&k);
                 if known {
                     self.push(Obj::Int(1))?;
                     self.push(Obj::Int(0))?;
                 }
                 self.push(Obj::Bool(known))?;
             }
+            ResourceForAll => self.resource_for_all()?,
             Show => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.show(&s)?;
             }
             AShow => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.nums::<2>()?;
                 self.show(&s)?;
             }
             WidthShow => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.pop()?;
                 self.nums::<2>()?;
                 self.show(&s)?;
             }
             AWidthShow => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.nums::<2>()?;
                 self.pop()?;
                 self.nums::<2>()?;
@@ -149,11 +157,11 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
             }
             XShow | YShow | XYShow => {
                 self.pop()?;
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.show(&s)?;
             }
             KShow => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.pop()?;
                 self.show(&s)?;
             }
@@ -163,14 +171,14 @@ impl Interp<'_> {
                 self.show(ch.encode_utf8(&mut [0; 4]).as_bytes())?;
             }
             StringWidth => {
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 let (_, _, v) = self.set_type(&s, Point::ZERO)?;
                 self.push_num(v.x)?;
                 self.push_num(v.y)?;
             }
             CharPath => {
                 self.pop_bool()?;
-                let s = self.pop_str()?.borrow().clone();
+                let s = self.pop_str()?.to_vec();
                 self.char_path(&s)?;
             }
             SetCacheDevice => {

crates/eps/src/tiff.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! The TIFF preview (little-endian, PackBits strips, written by the raster exports' TIFF writer):
-//! 1-bit black and white, or 8-bit RGB with or without an alpha channel. Also the PNG thumbnail.
+//! 1-bit black and white, or 8-bit RGB with or without an alpha channel. Also the PNG thumbnail,
+//! and a reader for the palette previews other apps write that the `image` crate can't decode.
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
@@ -50,3 +51,111 @@ pub(crate) fn png(img: &Raster) -> Result<Vec<u8>, String> {
     rgba.write_to(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&mut out), image::ImageFormat::Png).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
     Ok(out)
 }
+
+/// Most pixels a palette preview may have.
+const MAX_PIXELS: usize = 1 << 26;
+/// Most values a TIFF field may have.
+const MAX_VALUES: usize = 1 << 20;
+
+/// A TIFF's bytes in its byte order.
+struct Tiff<'a> {
+    b: &'a [u8],
+    big: bool,
+}
+
+impl Tiff<'_> {
+    fn u16(&self, at: usize) -> Option<u16> {
+        let b: [u8; 2] = self.b.get(at..at.checked_add(2)?)?.try_into().ok()?;
+        Some(if self.big { u16::from_be_bytes(b) } else { u16::from_le_bytes(b) })
+    }
+
+    fn u32(&self, at: usize) -> Option<u32> {
+        let b: [u8; 4] = self.b.get(at..at.checked_add(4)?)?.try_into().ok()?;
+        Some(if self.big { u32::from_be_bytes(b) } else { u32::from_le_bytes(b) })
+    }
+
+    /// The values of the directory entry at `at` (bytes, shorts or longs; in the entry when they
+    /// fit in four bytes).
+    fn values(&self, at: usize) -> Option<Vec<u32>> {
+        let (kind, n) = (self.u16(at.checked_add(2)?)?, self.u32(at.checked_add(4)?)? as usize);
+        let size = match kind {
+            1 => 1,
+            3 => 2,
+            4 => 4,
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+        if n > MAX_VALUES {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let field = at.checked_add(8)?;
+        let start = if n * size <= 4 { field } else { self.u32(field)? as usize };
+        (0..n)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let at = start.checked_add(i * size)?;
+                match size {
+                    1 => self.b.get(at).map(|v| u32::from(*v)),
+                    2 => self.u16(at).map(u32::from),
+                    _ => self.u32(at),
+                }
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+/// An 8-bit palette TIFF, with or without an alpha sample (`ExtraSamples`), uncompressed and
+/// interleaved, as RGBA: the layout of other apps' EPS previews. `None` for anything else.
+pub(crate) fn palette_rgba(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<image::RgbaImage> {
+    let big = match bytes.get(..4)? {
+        b"II*\0" => false,
+        b"MM\0*" => true,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    let t = Tiff { b: bytes, big };
+    let ifd = t.u32(4)? as usize;
+    let entries = usize::from(t.u16(ifd)?);
+    let mut fields = std::collections::HashMap::new();
+    for i in 0..entries {
+        let at = ifd.checked_add(2 + i * 12)?;
+        fields.insert(t.u16(at)?, at);
+    }
+    let get = |tag: u16| fields.get(&tag).and_then(|at| t.values(*at));
+    let one = |tag: u16| get(tag).and_then(|v| v.first().copied());
+    let (w, h) = (one(256)? as usize, one(257)? as usize);
+    let samples = one(277).unwrap_or(1) as usize;
+    let alpha = samples == 2 && matches!(get(338)?.as_slice(), [0..=2]);
+    let plain = one(259).unwrap_or(1) == 1 && one(262)? == 3 && one(284).unwrap_or(1) == 1;
+    if !plain || !(samples == 1 || alpha) || get(258)?.iter().any(|b| *b != 8) || w == 0 || h == 0 || w.checked_mul(h)? > MAX_PIXELS {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let map = get(320)?;
+    if map.len() != 3 * 256 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    // Strips of `per` rows each, in order.
+    let (offsets, counts) = (get(273)?, get(279)?);
+    let per = (one(278).unwrap_or(u32::MAX) as usize).min(h);
+    let row = w * samples;
+    // The strips are in the file: so is all that's allocated.
+    if per == 0 || offsets.len() != counts.len() || offsets.len() < h.div_ceil(per) || row * h > bytes.len() {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut data = Vec::with_capacity(row * h);
+    for (k, (at, n)) in offsets.iter().zip(&counts).take(h.div_ceil(per)).enumerate() {
+        let want = per.min(h - k * per) * row;
+        if (*n as usize) < want {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let at = *at as usize;
+        data.extend_from_slice(bytes.get(at..at.checked_add(want)?)?);
+    }
+    // Map entries are 16-bit.
+    let channel = |c: usize, i: usize| map.get(c * 256 + i).map_or(0, |v| ((u64::from(*v).min(65_535) * 255 + 32_767) / 65_535) as u8);
+    let rgba = data
+        .chunks_exact(samples)
+        .flat_map(|px| {
+            let i = usize::from(px.first().copied().unwrap_or(0));
+            [channel(0, i), channel(1, i), channel(2, i), px.get(1).copied().unwrap_or(255)]
+        })
+        .collect();
+    image::RgbaImage::from_raw(w as u32, h as u32, rgba)
+}

crates/mcp/src/tests.rs

@@ -284,6 +284,36 @@ fn headless_path_gesture_undo() {
     assert_eq!(&std::fs::read(tmp("x.png")).unwrap()[..4], b"\x89PNG");
 }
 
+/// inspect_document reads back the paint type's characters show, as add_text and set_paint give it.
+#[test]
+fn inspect_document_reports_the_paint_of_type() {
+    let mut s = server();
+    let r = call(&mut s, 2, "add_text", json!({"text": "HI", "x": 50, "y": 60, "size": 24, "color": "#ff0000"}));
+    assert_eq!(r["isError"], false, "{r}");
+    let id = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&text_of(&r)).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+    let node = |s: &mut Server, n: u64| {
+        let v: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text_of(&call(s, n, "inspect_document", json!({})))).unwrap();
+        v["layers"][0]["children"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|c| c["id"] == id).cloned().unwrap()
+    };
+    let t = node(&mut s, 3);
+    assert_eq!((t["fill"].as_str(), t["stroke"].as_str()), (Some("#ff0000"), Some("None")), "{t}");
+    let r = call(&mut s, 4, "set_paint", json!({"fill": "#0000ff", "stroke": "#00ff00", "strokeWidth": 3, "ids": [id]}));
+    assert_eq!(r["isError"], false, "{r}");
+    let t = node(&mut s, 5);
+    assert_eq!((t["fill"].as_str(), t["stroke"].as_str(), t["strokeWidth"].as_f64()), (Some("#0000ff"), Some("#00ff00"), Some(3.0)), "{t}");
+}
+
+/// save_file says it saves in the document's own format or the one the path's extension picks.
+#[test]
+fn save_file_describes_the_formats_it_writes() {
+    let tools = tool_definitions();
+    let d = tools.iter().find(|t| t["name"] == "save_file").and_then(|t| t["description"].as_str()).unwrap();
+    for ext in [".vectorcraft", ".vctemplate", ".pdf", ".svg", ".svgz", ".ai"] {
+        assert!(d.contains(ext), "{ext}: {d}");
+    }
+    assert!(d.contains("its own format"), "{d}");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn errors_are_tool_results_not_crashes() {
     let mut s = server();

crates/mcp/src/tools.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //! [`Backend`].
 
 use serde_json::{Map, Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::{ARTBOARD_PARAMS, FORMATS, OPEN_EXTS};
+use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::{ARTBOARD_PARAMS, FORMATS, OPEN_EXTS, SAVE_FORMATS, format};
 
 use crate::backend::Backend;
 
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ fn obj(props: Value, required: &[&str]) -> Value {
     }
     o
 }
+
+/// The extension of each format Save writes, in [`SAVE_FORMATS`] order.
+fn save_extensions() -> Vec<&'static str> {
+    SAVE_FORMATS.iter().filter_map(|id| format(id)?.extensions.first().copied()).collect()
+}
+
 fn tool(name: &str, title: &str, desc: &str, schema: Value, read_only: bool) -> Value {
     json!({
         "name": name,
@@ -259,14 +265,17 @@ pub fn tool_definitions() -> Vec<Value> {
         tool(
             "save_file",
             "Save file",
-            "Save the active document in the native .vectorcraft format.",
-            obj(json!({"path": string("Destination (default: the document's current path)")}), &[]),
+            &format!(
+                "Save the active document with the engine's document.save: by default to its own file in its own format (native .vectorcraft unless it was opened from or saved as SVG, PDF or a restorable .ai). With `path`, the extension picks the format: .{}. Other formats are exports (see export). The reply's `format` says what was written and `warnings` what that format loses.",
+                save_extensions().join(", .")
+            ),
+            obj(json!({"path": string("Destination; its extension picks the format (default: the document's own file)")}), &[]),
             false,
         ),
         tool(
             "export",
             "Export",
-            "Export the active document with the engine's document.export (the same bytes in the app and headless): svg (artboard viewBox), pdf (one page per artboard: all, or `artboard` / `range`), png/jpg/webp/gif/png8/tiff/bmp/tga/psd (one rendered artboard; png8 is an indexed .png; psd keeps the layers), txt (the stories, back to front) or vectorcraft (a native copy; the document keeps its path). `selection: true` exports only the selected objects, cropped to their bounds. Template layers are left out; live effects are kept (geometry baked, SVG filters for shadows/glows/blur). Without `path` the bytes come back as dataBase64.",
+            "Export the active document with the engine's document.export (the same bytes in the app and headless), in any format of the `format` enum: vectors (svg/svgz with the artboard as viewBox, eps, dxf, emf, wmf), pdf (one page per artboard: all, or `artboard` / `range`), rasters (one rendered artboard: png, jpg, webp, gif, png8 as an indexed .png, tiff, bmp, tga, psd with its layers), txt (the stories, back to front), vectorcraft or template (a native copy or template; the document keeps its path). run_command document.formats lists each format's options. `selection: true` exports only the selected objects, cropped to their bounds. Template layers are left out; live effects are kept (geometry baked, SVG filters for shadows/glows/blur). Without `path` the bytes come back as dataBase64.",
             obj(
                 json!({
                     "format": {"type": "string", "enum": FORMATS.iter().filter(|f| f.write).map(|f| f.id).collect::<Vec<_>>(), "description": "Default: from the path's extension"},

crates/pdf/Cargo.toml

@@ -32,4 +32,6 @@ sha2 = { version = "0.10", default-features = false }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 vectorcraft-testkit = { workspace = true }
+# A variable font built in code (no font file is committed).
+vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true, features = ["test-fonts"] }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }

crates/pdf/src/export.rs

@@ -1444,7 +1444,11 @@ impl Exporter<'_> {
         let name = format!("{} {}", face.family, face.style);
         let font = match face.embedding() {
             Embedding::Subset => {
-                let font = krilla::text::Font::new(face.file_data().to_vec().into(), face.face_index()).map(|f| (f, face.units_per_em()));
+                // A named instance of a variable font is embedded instanced (its own outlines and
+                // widths, not the default instance's).
+                let coords: Vec<(krilla::text::Tag, f32)> = face.variations().iter().map(|(t, v)| (krilla::text::Tag::new(t), *v)).collect();
+                let font =
+                    krilla::text::Font::new_variable(face.file_data().to_vec().into(), face.face_index(), &coords).map(|f| (f, face.units_per_em()));
                 if font.is_none() {
                     self.warn(format!("the font “{name}” can't be embedded: its text is exported as outlines"));
                 }

crates/pdf/src/import.rs

@@ -111,7 +111,16 @@ pub fn import_with_report(bytes: &[u8], opts: &ImportOptions) -> Result<ImportRe
         let scan = scan_page(page, &mut ocgs, all_on, &mut b.fonts);
         b.begin_page(scan);
         interpret_page(page, &mut ctx, &mut b);
-        let parts = b.end_page();
+        let mut parts = b.end_page();
+        // A file with several artboards writes, on each page, the art of its neighbours that
+        // reaches into the page's box: art lying wholly outside this page is theirs (each page
+        // draws it shifted by its own artboard spacing), so keep it only where it belongs.
+        if picked.len() > 1 {
+            for (_, art) in &mut parts {
+                art.retain(|n| n.visual_bounds().is_none_or(|r| r.x0 <= ab.x1 && r.x1 >= ab.x0 && r.y0 <= ab.y1 && r.y1 >= ab.y0));
+            }
+            parts.retain(|(_, art)| !art.is_empty());
+        }
         let children: Vec<Arc<Node>> = parts.iter().flat_map(|(_, v)| v.iter().cloned()).collect();
         placeholder &= crate::pages::has_private_data(page) && only_text(&children);
         let mut right = ab.x1;

crates/pdf/src/import_text.rs

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@
 //! fifth of the size reads as a space). Fonts are named from the file's base font name (its
 //! subset prefix dropped, the family matched against the fonts available); a font that isn't
 //! available keeps its name, and the text shows in the fallback font until it is.
+//!
+//! Glyphs each turned a little further along a curve (type set on a path: apps write each glyph
+//! with its own placement) make one type-on-a-path object, its path through the glyphs' baseline.
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-use kurbo::{Affine, Point, Vec2};
+use kurbo::{Affine, BezPath, Point, Vec2};
 use vectorcraft_color::Paint;
-use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, TextObject, TextRun};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun};
 
 /// One glyph's placement: its baseline origin, advance direction, size and horizontal scale.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
@@ -93,12 +96,19 @@ pub(crate) struct TextLine {
     next: Point,
     /// The last glyph's origin.
     last: Point,
+    /// The last glyph's baseline direction.
+    last_dir: Vec2,
+    /// Each glyph's baseline origin, then where the last one ends.
+    baseline: Vec<Point>,
     runs: Vec<(Look, String)>,
 }
 
+/// The most a glyph on a curve turns from the one before it (about 20°).
+const CURVE_TURN_COS: f64 = 0.94;
+
 impl TextLine {
     pub fn new(at: Placement, opacity: f32) -> Self {
-        Self { at, opacity, next: at.origin, last: at.origin, runs: vec![] }
+        Self { at, opacity, next: at.origin, last: at.origin, last_dir: at.dir, baseline: vec![], runs: vec![] }
     }
 
     /// Add glyph `text` drawn with `look` at `at` (advancing `advance` points) at `opacity` if
@@ -106,13 +116,20 @@ impl TextLine {
     pub fn push(&mut self, look: &Look, at: Placement, opacity: f32, advance: f64, text: &str) -> bool {
         if let Some((last, run)) = self.runs.last_mut() {
             let size = self.at.size.max(at.size);
-            let gap = (at.origin - self.next).dot(self.at.dir);
+            let gap = (at.origin - self.next).dot(self.last_dir);
             let on_line = opacity == self.opacity
                 && at.dir.dot(self.at.dir) > 0.9995
                 && (at.origin - self.at.origin).dot(self.at.up()).abs() < size * 0.15
                 && gap > -size * 0.3
                 && gap < size * 3.0;
-            if !on_line {
+            // Or on a curve: turned a little from the glyph before it, and starting about where
+            // that one ends.
+            let on_curve = !on_line
+                && opacity == self.opacity
+                && at.dir.dot(self.last_dir) > CURVE_TURN_COS
+                && at.dir.dot(self.last_dir) < 0.99999
+                && (at.origin - self.next).hypot() < size * 0.6;
+            if !on_line && !on_curve {
                 return false;
             }
             // A gap wider than a fifth of an em reads as a space.
@@ -127,11 +144,42 @@ impl TextLine {
         } else {
             self.runs.push((look.clone(), text.to_string()));
         }
-        self.next = at.origin + self.at.dir * advance;
+        self.next = at.origin + at.dir * advance;
         self.last = at.origin;
+        self.last_dir = at.dir;
+        self.baseline.push(at.origin);
         true
     }
 
+    /// Has the baseline turned (more than about 3° from the first glyph to the last)?
+    fn curved(&self) -> bool {
+        self.last_dir.dot(self.at.dir) < 0.9986
+    }
+
+    /// A smooth path through the glyphs' baseline origins and the end of the last glyph, an em
+    /// further (Catmull-Rom through the points, as cubic Béziers).
+    fn baseline_path(&self) -> Option<BezPath> {
+        let mut pts = self.baseline.clone();
+        // On past the end of the last glyph by an em, so rounding in the spacing doesn't push it
+        // off the end of the path (where type on a path stops).
+        pts.push(self.next);
+        pts.push(self.next + self.last_dir * self.at.size);
+        let first = *pts.first()?;
+        // Finite placements far out can still overflow once an em is added: no path then.
+        if pts.len() < 3 || !pts.iter().all(|p| p.is_finite()) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut bp = BezPath::new();
+        bp.move_to(first);
+        for (i, seg) in pts.windows(2).enumerate() {
+            let &[p1, p2] = seg else { continue };
+            let p0 = *pts.get(i.wrapping_sub(1)).unwrap_or(&p1);
+            let p3 = *pts.get(i + 2).unwrap_or(&p2);
+            bp.curve_to(p1 + (p2 - p0) / 6.0, p2 - (p3 - p1) / 6.0, p2);
+        }
+        Some(bp)
+    }
+
     /// A stroke (`stroke`: paint and width) over the glyph just drawn at `at` in `font` (fill
     /// and stroke rendering): the run is stroked. `false`: it isn't that glyph.
     pub fn stroke_last(&mut self, font: u128, at: Placement, stroke: (Paint, f64)) -> bool {
@@ -144,6 +192,8 @@ impl TextLine {
 
     /// The point type object and its opacity.
     pub fn finish(mut self) -> Option<(TextObject, f32)> {
+        // Turned along a curve: type on a path through the glyphs.
+        let path = if self.curved() { self.baseline_path() } else { None };
         if let Some((_, last)) = self.runs.last_mut() {
             last.truncate(last.trim_end().len());
         }
@@ -156,6 +206,10 @@ impl TextLine {
         let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ORIGIN, &first.text, first.style);
         t.runs.extend(runs);
         t.xf = Affine::translate(self.at.origin.to_vec2()) * Affine::rotate(self.at.dir.atan2());
+        if let Some(path) = path {
+            t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: vectorcraft_geom::PathData::from_bezpath(&path), start: 0.0 };
+            t.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
+        }
         Some((t, self.opacity))
     }
 }

crates/pdf/src/tests_import_fidelity.rs

@@ -359,3 +359,34 @@ fn appearance_items_are_untouched_for_plain_art() {
     assert!(nodes.iter().all(|n| n.mask.is_none() && !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Group { .. })));
     assert!(matches!(nodes.iter().find(|n| n.appearance.stroke().is_some()).unwrap().appearance.items[0], AppearanceItem::Stroke(_)));
 }
+
+/// Type set on a path (each glyph placed and turned along a curve, as apps write it) comes back
+/// as type on a path through the glyphs, not as a straight line; straight type stays point type.
+#[test]
+fn glyphs_turned_along_a_curve_become_type_on_a_path() {
+    // "ARCHING" along an arc of radius 100 around (150, 0), each glyph where the one before
+    // it ends (Helvetica's advances), clockwise from 135° (PDF y up: the arc bulges upwards).
+    let mut content = String::from("BT /F1 18 Tf ");
+    let mut a = 135f64.to_radians();
+    for (c, adv) in "ARCHING".chars().zip([667.0, 722.0, 722.0, 722.0, 278.0, 722.0, 778.0]) {
+        let (x, y) = (150.0 + 100.0 * a.cos(), 100.0 * a.sin());
+        // The baseline's direction is the tangent, clockwise along the arc.
+        let (dx, dy) = (a.sin(), -a.cos());
+        content.push_str(&format!("{dx:.5} {dy:.5} {:.5} {dx:.5} {x:.3} {y:.3} Tm ({c}) Tj ", -dy));
+        a -= adv / 1000.0 * 18.0 / 100.0;
+    }
+    content.push_str("ET");
+    let t = texts(&open(&one_page(&content, HELVETICA, &[])));
+    assert_eq!(t.len(), 1, "one text object: {t:?}");
+    let text: String = t[0].runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect();
+    assert_eq!(text, "ARCHING");
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::OnPath { path, .. } = &t[0].kind else { panic!("type on a path: {:?}", t[0].kind) };
+    let b = path.bounds().unwrap();
+    assert!(b.height() > 15.0, "the path curves: {b:?}");
+    // Every glyph fits on the path, the last one too.
+    assert_eq!(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t[0]).glyphs.len(), 7);
+    // Straight type with a slight rotation stays one point type object.
+    let straight = texts(&open(&one_page("BT /F1 18 Tf 0.98481 0.17365 -0.17365 0.98481 20 40 Tm (Straight) Tj ET", HELVETICA, &[])));
+    assert_eq!(straight.len(), 1);
+    assert!(matches!(straight[0].kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Point), "{:?}", straight[0].kind);
+}

crates/pdf/src/tests_import_options.rs

@@ -106,6 +106,19 @@ fn bounding_boxes_of_several_pages_do_not_overlap() {
     assert!(b.x0 >= a.x1 + 36.0, "{a:?} {b:?}");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn art_of_neighbouring_artboards_off_a_page_is_left_to_its_own_page() {
+    // Page 2 also draws page 1's square, off to its left (outside its box), as files with several
+    // artboards are written: only page 1 keeps it, so it doesn't come back twice.
+    let pages = [PdfPage::new(100.0, 100.0, "0 g 10 10 20 20 re f"), PdfPage::new(100.0, 100.0, "0 g -90 10 20 20 re f 1 0 0 rg 50 10 20 20 re f")];
+    let d = open(&pdf(&pages, None), ImportOptions::default());
+    let count = |i: usize| d.layers[i].children().map_or(0, |c| c.len());
+    assert_eq!((count(0), count(1)), (1, 1));
+    // A single page keeps its art off the page (the pasteboard).
+    let d = open(&pdf(&pages[1..], None), ImportOptions::default());
+    assert_eq!(d.layers[0].children().map_or(0, |c| c.len()), 2);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn an_encrypted_pdf_opens_with_its_password_only() {
     let bytes = pdf(&[PdfPage::new(200.0, 100.0, "1 0 0 rg 10 10 50 50 re f")], Some("secret"));

crates/pdf/src/tests_realtext.rs

@@ -110,6 +110,28 @@ fn real_text_lands_within_half_a_point_of_the_outlines() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A named instance of a variable font is real text in that instance: its embedded subset draws
+/// the instance's glyphs where the outlines would be, not the default instance's (#296).
+#[test]
+fn variable_font_instances_are_real_text_in_their_own_glyphs() {
+    use vectorcraft_text::test_fonts::{VARIABLE_CHARS, VARIABLE_FAMILY, variable_font};
+    FontDb::global().add_font(variable_font().unwrap());
+    let mut widths = vec![];
+    for s in ["Regular", "Bold"] {
+        let st = CharStyle { font_family: VARIABLE_FAMILY.into(), font_style: s.into(), ..style(48.0) };
+        let d = doc(vec![TextObject::point(Point::new(20.0, 80.0), VARIABLE_CHARS, st)]);
+        let r = pdf(&d, false);
+        assert!(r.warnings.is_empty(), "{s}: {:?}", r.warnings);
+        assert_eq!(texts(&import_as(&r.bytes, TextAs::Text)), [VARIABLE_CHARS], "{s}: real text");
+        let (real, outlined) = (ink(&import_as(&r.bytes, TextAs::Outlines)), ink(&import_as(&pdf(&d, true).bytes, TextAs::Outlines)));
+        let off =
+            [real.x0 - outlined.x0, real.y0 - outlined.y0, real.x1 - outlined.x1, real.y1 - outlined.y1].iter().fold(0.0f64, |m, v| m.max(v.abs()));
+        assert!(off < 0.5, "{s}: {real:?} vs {outlined:?}");
+        widths.push(real.width());
+    }
+    assert!(widths[1] > widths[0] * 1.2, "Bold is wider: {widths:?}");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn gradients_on_real_text_stay_where_they_were() {
     let fill = Paint::Gradient(Box::new(GradientPaint::new(Gradient::default())));

crates/svg/Cargo.toml

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ svgtypes = "0.16"
 [dev-dependencies]
 # Reading embedded font subsets back.
 skrifa = { workspace = true }
+# A variable font built in code (no font file is committed).
+vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true, features = ["test-fonts"] }
 resvg = { version = "0.45", default-features = false }
 vectorcraft-testkit = { workspace = true }
 proptest = { workspace = true }

crates/svg/tests/encoding_profile_fonts.rs

@@ -216,6 +216,31 @@ fn embedded_fonts_hold_only_the_glyphs_used() {
     assert!(!export_full(&d, &ExportOptions { embed_fonts: true, outline_text: true, ..Default::default() }, None).svg.contains("@font-face"));
 }
 
+/// A named instance of a variable font embeds as a static font of that instance: the variable
+/// file would show its default instance in browsers (#296).
+#[test]
+fn variable_font_instances_embed_as_themselves() {
+    use vectorcraft_text::test_fonts::{VARIABLE_FAMILY, variable_font};
+    let db = vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global();
+    db.add_font(variable_font().unwrap());
+    let mut d = Document::new(300.0, 200.0);
+    add(&mut d, text(Point::new(20.0, 60.0), &[("ll", style(VARIABLE_FAMILY, "Regular")), ("ll", style(VARIABLE_FAMILY, "Bold"))]));
+    let o = export_full(&d, &ExportOptions { embed_fonts: true, ..Default::default() }, None);
+    let fonts = embedded(&o.svg);
+    assert_eq!(fonts.iter().map(|f| f.1).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [400, 700], "{:?}", o.warnings);
+    let mut advances = vec![];
+    for ((_, w, data), style) in fonts.iter().zip(["Regular", "Bold"]) {
+        let f = skrifa::FontRef::new(data).unwrap();
+        assert!(f.fvar().is_err() && f.gvar().is_err(), "{w}: a static font");
+        let gid = f.cmap().unwrap().map_codepoint('l').unwrap();
+        let adv = f.hmtx().unwrap().advance(gid).unwrap();
+        let face = db.face(VARIABLE_FAMILY, style).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(f64::from(adv), face.advance(face.glyph_for('l')).round(), "{style}");
+        advances.push(adv);
+    }
+    assert!(advances[1] > advances[0], "{advances:?}");
+}
+
 /// The bundled Source Sans 3 Regular renamed `family` (13 characters, as long as the original
 /// name) with OS/2 `fsType` set to `fs_type`.
 fn licensed_font(family: &str, fs_type: u16) -> Vec<u8> {

crates/text/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,5 +15,16 @@ kurbo = { workspace = true }
 skrifa = { workspace = true }
 harfrust = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
-# Font subsets for embedding (SVG @font-face); MIT OR Apache-2.0, already used by the PDF writer.
-subsetter = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }
+# Font subsets for embedding (SVG @font-face); MIT OR Apache-2.0, already used by the PDF writer
+# (which turns on `variable-fonts` too: named instances of variable fonts are instanced).
+subsetter = { version = "0.2", default-features = false, features = ["variable-fonts"] }
+# Builds a small variable font for tests (`test_fonts`; no font file is committed). MIT OR
+# Apache-2.0, already in the build through subsetter.
+write-fonts = { version = "0.48", optional = true }
+
+[features]
+# `vectorcraft_text::test_fonts` for other crates' tests (dev-dependencies only).
+test-fonts = ["dep:write-fonts"]
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+write-fonts = "0.48"

crates/text/src/embed.rs

@@ -60,19 +60,29 @@ impl FontFace {
 
     /// The face as a font file to embed: the glyphs of `chars` alone when its licence allows
     /// subsetting, else the whole face. Ligatures, kerning and other layout features are left out
-    /// of subsets (viewers draw each character's own glyph). `None` when the licence forbids
-    /// embedding or the font can't be read.
+    /// of subsets (viewers draw each character's own glyph). A named instance of a variable font
+    /// ([`FontFace::variations`]) is embedded as a static font of that instance (the variable file
+    /// would show its default instance), CFF2 outlines becoming TrueType ones. `None` when the
+    /// licence forbids embedding or the font can't be read.
     pub fn embed(&self, chars: &[char]) -> Option<EmbeddedFont> {
         let font = self.skrifa()?;
         let cff = [b"CFF ", b"CFF2"].iter().any(|t| font.table_data(Tag::new(t)).is_some());
         let whole = || Some(EmbeddedFont { data: sfnt(font.table_directory.sfnt_version(), tables(&font))?, cff, subset: false });
+        let instance = !self.variations().is_empty();
         match self.embedding() {
             Embedding::Forbidden => None,
+            // Every glyph of the instance, keeping their ids.
+            Embedding::Whole if instance => {
+                let all: Vec<char> = font.charmap().mappings().filter_map(|(c, _)| char::from_u32(c)).collect();
+                subset(self, &font, &all, true).map(|(data, cff)| EmbeddedFont { data, cff, subset: false })
+            }
             Embedding::Whole => whole(),
-            Embedding::Subset => match subset(self, &font, chars) {
-                Some(data) => Some(EmbeddedFont { data, cff, subset: true }),
-                // Outlines the subsetter can't read (CFF2): what the licence allows anyway.
-                None => whole(),
+            Embedding::Subset => match subset(self, &font, chars, false) {
+                Some((data, cff)) => Some(EmbeddedFont { data, cff, subset: true }),
+                // Outlines the subsetter can't read: what the licence allows anyway (a named
+                // instance can't be embedded whole, which would show the default instance).
+                None if !instance => whole(),
+                None => None,
             },
         }
     }
@@ -83,10 +93,17 @@ fn tables<'a>(font: &skrifa::FontRef<'a>) -> Vec<(Tag, Cow<'a, [u8]>)> {
     font.table_directory.table_records().iter().filter_map(|r| font.table_data(r.tag()).map(|d| (r.tag(), Cow::Borrowed(d.as_bytes())))).collect()
 }
 
-/// `face` reduced to the glyphs of `chars`, with a `cmap` mapping them and the face's `OS/2`.
-fn subset(face: &FontFace, font: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>, chars: &[char]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+/// `face` reduced to the glyphs of `chars` (every glyph, keeping their ids, when `all`), with a
+/// `cmap` mapping them and the face's `OS/2`; a named instance instanced. Returns the font and
+/// whether its outlines are CFF ones.
+fn subset(face: &FontFace, font: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>, chars: &[char], all: bool) -> Option<(Vec<u8>, bool)> {
     let charmap = font.charmap();
     let mut remapper = subsetter::GlyphRemapper::new();
+    if all {
+        for gid in 0..font.maxp().ok()?.num_glyphs() {
+            remapper.remap(gid);
+        }
+    }
     let mut map: Vec<(u32, u16)> = chars
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|c| {
@@ -96,14 +113,20 @@ fn subset(face: &FontFace, font: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>, chars: &[char]) -> Option
         .collect();
     map.sort_unstable();
     map.dedup_by_key(|m| m.0);
-    let data = subsetter::subset(face.data(), face.index(), &remapper).ok()?;
+    let data = if face.variations().is_empty() {
+        subsetter::subset(face.data(), face.index(), &remapper).ok()?
+    } else {
+        let coords: Vec<(subsetter::Tag, f32)> = face.variations().iter().map(|(t, v)| (subsetter::Tag::new(t), *v)).collect();
+        subsetter::subset_with_variations(face.data(), face.index(), &coords, &remapper).ok()?
+    };
     let sub = skrifa::FontRef::new(&data).ok()?;
+    let cff = [b"CFF ", b"CFF2"].iter().any(|t| sub.table_data(Tag::new(t)).is_some());
     let mut t: Vec<(Tag, Cow<'_, [u8]>)> = tables(&sub).into_iter().filter(|(tag, _)| *tag != CMAP && *tag != OS2).collect();
     t.push((CMAP, Cow::Owned(cmap(&map)?)));
     if let Some(os2) = font.table_data(OS2) {
         t.push((OS2, Cow::Owned(os2_for(os2.as_bytes(), &map))));
     }
-    sfnt(sub.table_directory.sfnt_version(), t)
+    Some((sfnt(sub.table_directory.sfnt_version(), t)?, cff))
 }
 
 /// The face's `OS/2` table with its first and last character fitted to the subset's.

crates/text/src/fontdb.rs

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
 
 use kurbo::BezPath;
-use skrifa::instance::{LocationRef, Size};
+use skrifa::instance::{Location, LocationRef, Size};
 use skrifa::outline::{DrawSettings, OutlinePen};
 use skrifa::raw::FileRef;
 use skrifa::string::StringId;
-use skrifa::{GlyphId, MetadataProvider};
+use skrifa::{GlyphId, MetadataProvider, Tag};
 
 /// The family used when a requested family is unknown (Illustrator's Myriad Pro analogue).
 pub const FALLBACK_FAMILY: &str = "Source Sans 3";
@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ static BUNDLED: &[&[u8]] = &[
     include_bytes!("../../../assets/fonts/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf"),
 ];
 
+/// An axis setting of a variable font: the axis tag (`wght`) and its value in user units (700).
+pub type Variation = ([u8; 4], f32);
+
+/// Caps on what a (possibly damaged) variable font can make the database read: axes per font and
+/// named instances listed per face.
+const MAX_AXES: usize = 64;
+const MAX_INSTANCES: usize = 512;
+
 enum FontBytes {
     Static(&'static [u8]),
     Owned(Arc<Vec<u8>>),
@@ -60,6 +68,13 @@ pub struct FontFace {
     pub(crate) cap_height: f64,
     pub(crate) x_height: f64,
     pub(crate) shaper: harfrust::ShaperData,
+    /// The axis settings of the variable font's named instance this face is (user units: `wght`
+    /// 700); empty for a static face or a variable font's default instance.
+    variations: Vec<Variation>,
+    /// [`Self::variations`] in the font's normalized design space (outlines and metrics).
+    location: Location,
+    /// [`Self::variations`] for the shaper (advances, kerning, feature variations).
+    pub(crate) instance: Option<harfrust::ShaperInstance>,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for FontFace {
@@ -85,6 +100,17 @@ impl FontFace {
     pub(crate) fn index(&self) -> u32 {
         self.index
     }
+    /// Where in a variable font's design space the face's outlines and metrics are taken (the
+    /// default location for a static face).
+    pub(crate) fn location(&self) -> LocationRef<'_> {
+        LocationRef::from(&self.location)
+    }
+    /// The axis settings of the variable font's named instance this face is (`wght` 700 for
+    /// Bold), in user units; empty for a static face and a variable font's default instance.
+    /// The face's file holds the whole variable font: exporters that embed it pass these on.
+    pub fn variations(&self) -> &[Variation] {
+        &self.variations
+    }
     /// Unique id of this face within the process.
     pub fn id(&self) -> u32 {
         self.id
@@ -112,7 +138,7 @@ impl FontFace {
     /// Advance width of glyph `gid` in font units.
     pub fn advance(&self, gid: u32) -> f64 {
         self.skrifa()
-            .and_then(|f| f.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default()).advance_width(GlyphId::new(gid)))
+            .and_then(|f| f.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), self.location()).advance_width(GlyphId::new(gid)))
             .map(|a| a as f64)
             .unwrap_or(self.upem * 0.5)
     }
@@ -147,8 +173,18 @@ impl FontFace {
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 struct CatalogFamily {
     name: String,
-    /// (style, file) of each face.
-    faces: Vec<(String, PathBuf)>,
+    faces: Vec<CatalogFace>,
+}
+
+/// One style of an installed family: a face, or a named instance of a variable font.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(target_arch = "wasm32", allow(dead_code))]
+struct CatalogFace {
+    style: String,
+    path: PathBuf,
+    /// Weight and italic as the style lists them (by its name, or a named instance's axes).
+    weight: f32,
+    italic: bool,
 }
 
 /// The installed fonts by ASCII-lowercased family name (lookups ignore ASCII case, as
@@ -344,26 +380,103 @@ fn face_names(f: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>) -> Option<(String, String)> {
     Some((family, style))
 }
 
-/// Parse every face in `data` (a font file or collection). Returns `(index, family, style)`.
-fn enumerate_faces(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<(u32, String, String)> {
+/// One style a font file offers: one of its faces, or a named instance of a variable font
+/// (Figtree's `Figtree[wght].ttf` holds Light, the default, and Regular to Black as instances).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct FaceStyle {
+    family: String,
+    style: String,
+    keys: FaceKeys,
+    /// A named instance's axis settings (user units); empty for the face itself.
+    variations: Vec<Variation>,
+    /// A named instance's weight (its `wght` setting); `None` for the face itself (its OS/2 table
+    /// says) or an instance of a font without a weight axis.
+    weight: Option<f32>,
+    /// A named instance is italic (by its `ital` or `slnt` setting, or its name).
+    italic: bool,
+}
+
+/// The styles of a face: the face itself, then its named instances when it is a variable font.
+pub(crate) fn face_styles(f: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>) -> Vec<FaceStyle> {
+    let Some((family, style)) = face_names(f) else { return vec![] };
+    let mut keys = FaceKeys::of(f, &family, &style);
+    let instances = named_instances(f, &family, &style, &mut keys);
+    let face = FaceStyle { family, style, keys, variations: vec![], weight: None, italic: false };
+    std::iter::once(face).chain(instances).collect()
+}
+
+/// The named instances of a variable font face (its `fvar` table) as styles of the face's family,
+/// named by their subfamily names, without the default instance (the face itself) and without
+/// names already taken. The default instance's name, when it isn't the face's style name (a face
+/// `Regular` whose default instance is `Book`), names the face too (`keys`). Damaged tables give
+/// fewer instances or none; the counts read are capped.
+fn named_instances(f: &skrifa::FontRef<'_>, family: &str, style: &str, keys: &mut FaceKeys) -> Vec<FaceStyle> {
+    let axes = f.axes();
+    if axes.is_empty() || axes.len() > MAX_AXES {
+        return vec![];
+    }
+    let tags: Vec<Tag> = axes.iter().map(|a| a.tag()).collect();
+    let defaults: Vec<f32> = axes.iter().map(|a| a.default_value()).collect();
+    // Instances without a PostScript name of their own are named `<prefix>-<style>` (Adobe
+    // Technical Note #5902), as PDF and `.ai` files name them.
+    let prefix = name(f, &[StringId::VARIATIONS_POSTSCRIPT_NAME_PREFIX]).unwrap_or_else(|| family.to_string());
+    let mut taken = vec![norm(style)];
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for inst in f.named_instances().iter().take(MAX_INSTANCES) {
+        let coords: Vec<f32> = inst.user_coords().take(MAX_AXES).collect();
+        if coords.len() != tags.len() || coords.iter().any(|c| !c.is_finite()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Some(style) = name(f, &[inst.subfamily_name_id()]) else { continue };
+        let ns = norm(&style);
+        if ns.is_empty() || taken.contains(&ns) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // The default instance is the face itself.
+        if coords.iter().zip(&defaults).all(|(c, d)| (c - d).abs() < 1e-3) {
+            keys.styles.push(ns.clone());
+            keys.postscript.push(norm(&format!("{prefix}{style}")));
+            taken.push(ns);
+            continue;
+        }
+        taken.push(ns);
+        let axis = |tag: &[u8; 4]| tags.iter().zip(&coords).find(|(t, _)| t.to_be_bytes() == *tag).map(|(_, v)| *v);
+        let weight = axis(b"wght").map(|w| w.clamp(1.0, 1000.0));
+        let italic = style_italic(&style) || axis(b"ital").is_some_and(|v| v >= 0.5) || axis(b"slnt").is_some_and(|v| v != 0.0);
+        let mut styles: Vec<String> = std::iter::once(style.clone()).chain(all_names(f, inst.subfamily_name_id())).map(|s| norm(&s)).collect();
+        let mut postscript: Vec<String> = inst.postscript_name_id().map(|id| all_names(f, id)).unwrap_or_default().iter().map(|n| norm(n)).collect();
+        postscript.push(norm(&format!("{prefix}{style}")));
+        for v in [&mut styles, &mut postscript] {
+            v.retain(|k| !k.is_empty());
+            v.sort();
+            v.dedup();
+        }
+        let keys = FaceKeys { families: keys.families.clone(), styles, legacy: vec![], postscript };
+        let variations = tags.iter().zip(&coords).map(|(t, v)| (t.to_be_bytes(), *v)).collect();
+        out.push(FaceStyle { family: family.to_string(), style, keys, variations, weight, italic });
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Parse every face in `data` (a font file or collection) and the named instances of its variable
+/// ones. Returns each style with the index of its face.
+fn enumerate_faces(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<(u32, FaceStyle)> {
     let count = match FileRef::new(data) {
         Ok(FileRef::Font(_)) => 1,
         Ok(FileRef::Collection(c)) => c.len(),
         Err(_) => 0,
     };
     (0..count)
-        .filter_map(|i| {
-            let (family, style) = face_names(&skrifa::FontRef::from_index(data, i).ok()?)?;
-            Some((i, family, style))
-        })
+        .filter_map(|i| Some((i, skrifa::FontRef::from_index(data, i).ok()?)))
+        .flat_map(|(i, f)| face_styles(&f).into_iter().map(move |s| (i, s)))
         .collect()
 }
 
-/// (family, style, PostScript name) of every face in the font file at `path`, reading only its
-/// table directories and `name` tables: a scan opens hundreds of font files, many of them
+/// The styles of every face in the font file at `path` ([`face_styles`]), reading only its table
+/// directories and `name` and `fvar` tables: a scan opens hundreds of font files, many of them
 /// megabytes long.
 #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-fn file_face_names(path: &Path) -> Vec<(String, String, FaceKeys)> {
+fn file_face_names(path: &Path) -> Vec<FaceStyle> {
     use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom};
     /// Caps on what a (possibly damaged) file can make the scan read.
     const MAX_FACES: u32 = 256;
@@ -390,29 +503,55 @@ fn file_face_names(path: &Path) -> Vec<(String, String, FaceKeys)> {
             let dir = read_at(start.into(), 12)?;
             let tables = u16::from_be_bytes(dir.get(4..6)?.try_into().ok()?) as usize;
             let records = read_at(u64::from(start) + 12, tables * 16)?;
-            let rec: &[u8] = records.as_chunks::<16>().0.iter().find(|r| r.starts_with(b"name"))?;
-            let (offset, len) = (be32(rec, 8)?, be32(rec, 12)?);
-            if len > MAX_NAME_TABLE {
-                return None;
+            let mut table = |tag: &[u8; 4]| -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+                let rec: &[u8] = records.as_chunks::<16>().0.iter().find(|r| r.starts_with(tag))?;
+                let (offset, len) = (be32(rec, 8)?, be32(rec, 12)?);
+                if len > MAX_NAME_TABLE {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                read_at(offset.into(), len as usize)
+            };
+            let name = table(b"name")?;
+            // A variable font's named instances are styles too.
+            let fvar = table(b"fvar");
+            // A font holding just these tables, to read them as the font itself would.
+            let mut tables: Vec<(&[u8; 4], &[u8])> = vec![(b"name", &name)];
+            if let Some(fvar) = &fvar {
+                tables.push((b"fvar", fvar));
             }
-            let table = read_at(offset.into(), len as usize)?;
-            // A one-table font holding just the `name` table, to read it as the font itself would.
-            let mut font = Vec::with_capacity(28 + table.len());
-            font.extend_from_slice(&0x0001_0000_u32.to_be_bytes());
-            font.extend_from_slice(&[0, 1, 0, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
-            font.extend_from_slice(b"name");
-            for v in [0, 28, len] {
-                font.extend_from_slice(&u32::to_be_bytes(v));
-            }
-            font.extend_from_slice(&table);
-            let f = skrifa::FontRef::new(&font).ok()?;
-            let (family, style) = face_names(&f)?;
-            let keys = FaceKeys::of(&f, &family, &style);
-            Some((family, style, keys))
+            let font = sfnt_of(&tables)?;
+            Some(face_styles(&skrifa::FontRef::new(&font).ok()?))
         })
+        .flatten()
         .collect()
 }
 
+/// A font file holding `tables` (tag, data), sorted by tag as table directories are.
+#[cfg(any(test, not(target_arch = "wasm32")))]
+pub(crate) fn sfnt_of(tables: &[(&[u8; 4], &[u8])]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut tables = tables.to_vec();
+    tables.sort_by_key(|t| *t.0);
+    let n = u16::try_from(tables.len()).ok()?;
+    let mut font = Vec::new();
+    font.extend_from_slice(&0x0001_0000_u32.to_be_bytes());
+    for v in [n, 0, 0, 0] {
+        font.extend_from_slice(&v.to_be_bytes());
+    }
+    let mut offset = 12 + 16 * tables.len();
+    for (tag, data) in &tables {
+        font.extend_from_slice(*tag);
+        for v in [0, u32::try_from(offset).ok()?, u32::try_from(data.len()).ok()?] {
+            font.extend_from_slice(&v.to_be_bytes());
+        }
+        offset += data.len().next_multiple_of(4);
+    }
+    for (_, data) in &tables {
+        font.extend_from_slice(data);
+        font.resize(font.len().next_multiple_of(4), 0);
+    }
+    Some(font)
+}
+
 /// The platform's font folders (the system's and the user's), scanned by [`FontDb::global`].
 pub fn system_font_dirs() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
     let mut dirs: Vec<PathBuf> = Vec::new();
@@ -448,23 +587,31 @@ pub fn system_font_dirs() -> Vec<PathBuf> {
     dirs
 }
 
-fn make_face(bytes: FontBytes, index: u32, family: String, style: String, path: Option<std::path::PathBuf>) -> Option<FontFace> {
+fn make_face(bytes: FontBytes, index: u32, spec: FaceStyle, path: Option<std::path::PathBuf>) -> Option<FontFace> {
     let data: &[u8] = match &bytes {
         FontBytes::Static(b) => b,
         FontBytes::Owned(v) => v.as_slice(),
     };
     let f = skrifa::FontRef::from_index(data, index).ok()?;
-    let m = f.metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default());
+    let FaceStyle { family, style, keys, variations, weight, italic } = spec;
+    // A named instance: outlines, metrics and advances at its axis settings.
+    let location = if variations.is_empty() { Location::default() } else { f.axes().location(variations.iter().map(|(t, v)| (Tag::new(t), *v))) };
+    let m = f.metrics(Size::unscaled(), &location);
     let a = f.attributes();
-    let shaper = harfrust::ShaperData::new(&harfrust::FontRef::from_index(data, index).ok()?);
-    let keys = FaceKeys::of(&f, &family, &style);
+    let hb = harfrust::FontRef::from_index(data, index).ok()?;
+    let shaper = harfrust::ShaperData::new(&hb);
+    let instance =
+        (!variations.is_empty()).then(|| harfrust::ShaperInstance::from_variations(&hb, variations.iter().map(|(t, v)| (harfrust::Tag::new(t), *v))));
     Some(FontFace {
         keys,
         id: NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed),
         family,
         style,
-        weight: a.weight.value(),
-        italic: !matches!(a.style, skrifa::attribute::Style::Normal),
+        weight: weight.unwrap_or(a.weight.value()),
+        italic: italic || !matches!(a.style, skrifa::attribute::Style::Normal),
+        variations,
+        location,
+        instance,
         upem: m.units_per_em.max(1) as f64,
         ascent: m.ascent as f64,
         descent: -(m.descent as f64),
@@ -523,8 +670,8 @@ impl FontDb {
         // first: fallbacks for Japanese text after the requested and bundled fonts.
         let craft = crate::craft_fonts::japanese_document_fonts().into_iter().map(|f| f.bytes);
         for data in BUNDLED.iter().copied().chain(craft) {
-            for (i, family, style) in enumerate_faces(data) {
-                if let Some(f) = make_face(FontBytes::Static(data), i, family, style, None) {
+            for (i, spec) in enumerate_faces(data) {
+                if let Some(f) = make_face(FontBytes::Static(data), i, spec, None) {
                     faces.push(Arc::new(f));
                 }
             }
@@ -631,9 +778,9 @@ impl FontDb {
         let mut v: Vec<(bool, f32, String)> =
             self.read_faces().iter().filter(|f| f.family.eq_ignore_ascii_case(family)).map(|f| (f.italic, f.weight, f.style.clone())).collect();
         if let Some(c) = self.read_catalog().get(&family.to_ascii_lowercase()) {
-            for (style, _) in &c.faces {
-                if !v.iter().any(|(_, _, s)| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(style)) {
-                    v.push((style_italic(style), style_weight(style), style.clone()));
+            for cf in &c.faces {
+                if !v.iter().any(|(_, _, s)| s.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&cf.style)) {
+                    v.push((cf.italic, cf.weight, cf.style.clone()));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -652,11 +799,11 @@ impl FontDb {
     fn add_font_from(&self, bytes: Vec<u8>, path: Option<&Path>) -> usize {
         let data = Arc::new(bytes);
         let mut added = 0;
-        for (i, family, style) in enumerate_faces(&data) {
-            if self.read_faces().iter().any(|f| f.family.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&family) && f.style.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&style)) {
+        for (i, spec) in enumerate_faces(&data) {
+            if self.read_faces().iter().any(|f| f.family.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&spec.family) && f.style.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&spec.style)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            if let Some(f) = make_face(FontBytes::Owned(data.clone()), i, family, style, path.map(Path::to_path_buf)) {
+            if let Some(f) = make_face(FontBytes::Owned(data.clone()), i, spec, path.map(Path::to_path_buf)) {
                 self.faces.write().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner()).push(Arc::new(f));
                 added += 1;
             }
@@ -722,7 +869,7 @@ impl FontDb {
                 if !matches!(ext.as_deref(), Some("ttf" | "otf" | "ttc" | "otc")) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                for (family, style, keys) in file_face_names(&p) {
+                for FaceStyle { family, style, keys, weight, italic, .. } in file_face_names(&p) {
                     for (k, a) in Alias::of(&family, &style, &keys) {
                         aliases.entry(k).or_default().push(a);
                     }
@@ -734,7 +881,8 @@ impl FontDb {
                     if entry.name.is_empty() {
                         entry.name = family;
                     }
-                    entry.faces.push((style, p.clone()));
+                    let (weight, italic) = (weight.unwrap_or_else(|| style_weight(&style)), italic || style_italic(&style));
+                    entry.faces.push(CatalogFace { style, path: p.clone(), weight, italic });
                     n += 1;
                 }
             }
@@ -824,7 +972,7 @@ impl FontDb {
     #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     fn load_cataloged(&self, family: &str) -> bool {
         let mut paths: Vec<PathBuf> =
-            self.read_catalog().get(&family.to_ascii_lowercase()).map(|c| c.faces.iter().map(|(_, p)| p.clone()).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
+            self.read_catalog().get(&family.to_ascii_lowercase()).map(|c| c.faces.iter().map(|cf| cf.path.clone()).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
         paths.sort();
         paths.dedup();
         let mut any = false;
@@ -867,7 +1015,7 @@ impl FontDb {
     #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
     fn is_cataloged(&self, family: &str, style: &str) -> bool {
         let ns = norm(style);
-        self.read_catalog().get(&family.to_ascii_lowercase()).is_some_and(|c| c.faces.iter().any(|(s, _)| norm(s) == ns))
+        self.read_catalog().get(&family.to_ascii_lowercase()).is_some_and(|c| c.faces.iter().any(|cf| norm(&cf.style) == ns))
     }
 
     /// The loaded face with [`FontFace::id`] `id` (the face a laid-out glyph came from).
@@ -901,6 +1049,11 @@ impl FontDb {
         if let Some(f) = cands.iter().find(|f| norm(&f.style) == ns) {
             return Some((*f).clone());
         }
+        // Another of a face's style names: in another language, or a variable font's default
+        // instance's name.
+        if let Some(f) = cands.iter().find(|f| f.keys.styles.contains(&ns)) {
+            return Some((*f).clone());
+        }
         let (tw, ti) = (style_weight(style), style_italic(style));
         cands
             .iter()
@@ -958,7 +1111,7 @@ impl FontDb {
                 return true;
             }
         }
-        let mut paths: Vec<PathBuf> = self.read_catalog().values().flat_map(|c| c.faces.iter().map(|(_, p)| p.clone())).collect();
+        let mut paths: Vec<PathBuf> = self.read_catalog().values().flat_map(|c| c.faces.iter().map(|cf| cf.path.clone())).collect();
         paths.sort();
         paths.dedup();
         for p in paths {
@@ -966,8 +1119,7 @@ impl FontDb {
                 continue;
             }
             let Ok(data) = std::fs::read(&p) else { continue };
-            let hit =
-                enumerate_faces(&data).iter().any(|(i, _, _)| skrifa::FontRef::from_index(&data, *i).is_ok_and(|f| f.charmap().map(c).is_some()));
+            let hit = enumerate_faces(&data).iter().any(|(i, _)| skrifa::FontRef::from_index(&data, *i).is_ok_and(|f| f.charmap().map(c).is_some()));
             if hit && self.add_font_from(data, Some(&p)) > 0 && covered(self) {
                 return true;
             }
@@ -986,7 +1138,7 @@ impl FontDb {
         if let Some(f) = face.skrifa()
             && let Some(g) = f.outline_glyphs().get(GlyphId::new(gid))
         {
-            let _ = g.draw(DrawSettings::unhinted(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default()), &mut pen);
+            let _ = g.draw(DrawSettings::unhinted(Size::unscaled(), face.location()), &mut pen);
         }
         let p = Arc::new(pen.0);
         let mut cache = self.outlines.lock().unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_inner());

crates/text/src/layout.rs

@@ -40,13 +40,10 @@ impl Ctx<'_> {
             tate_chu_yoko(&mut v, |g| self.style_at(g.byte).size);
             // An upright glyph advances at least one em down the column (the vertical advance of
             // CJK fonts), centred in it: a narrow mark like § must not overlap its neighbours.
-            for g in v.iter_mut().filter(|g| stands_upright(g)) {
-                let natural = g.face.advance(g.gid) * g.sx;
-                let em = g.face.units_per_em() * g.sx;
-                if natural < em && g.adv > 0.0 {
-                    g.dx += (em - natural) * 0.5;
-                    g.adv += em - natural;
-                }
+            for g in v.iter_mut().filter(|g| g.adv > 0.0 && stands_upright(g)) {
+                let extra = upright_cell(g) - g.face.advance(g.gid) * g.sx;
+                g.dx += extra * 0.5;
+                g.adv += extra;
             }
         }
         v
@@ -68,9 +65,12 @@ impl Ctx<'_> {
             let squeeze = Affine::translate((centre.x, 0.0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(t.squeeze, 1.0) * Affine::translate((-centre.x, 0.0));
             m = Affine::rotate_about(-std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2, centre) * squeeze * across * m;
         } else if self.vertical && stands_upright(g) {
-            // Turned about the centre of its em box, which the column's centre line runs through.
+            // Turned about the centre of its em box, which the column's centre line runs through:
+            // the middle of its own cell, not of its advance (tracking and justification add space
+            // after the cell, and must not push the glyph off the centre line).
             let em = self.style_at(g.byte).size;
-            m = Affine::rotate_about(-std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2, Point::new(origin.x + advance * 0.5, origin.y - EM_CENTER * em)) * m;
+            let cell = if g.adv > 0.0 { upright_cell(g) } else { advance };
+            m = Affine::rotate_about(-std::f64::consts::FRAC_PI_2, Point::new(origin.x + cell * 0.5, origin.y - EM_CENTER * em)) * m;
         }
         // Control characters (tabs) and soft hyphens draw nothing (fonts map them to .notdef).
         let outline = if src.elements().is_empty() || g.is_soft_hyphen() || g.ch.is_control() {
@@ -214,6 +214,12 @@ fn tate_chu_yoko(g: &mut [SGlyph], size: impl Fn(&SGlyph) -> f64) {
     }
 }
 
+/// The length an upright glyph takes down the column before tracking and justification: its
+/// advance, at least one em.
+fn upright_cell(g: &SGlyph) -> f64 {
+    (g.face.advance(g.gid) * g.sx).max(g.face.units_per_em() * g.sx)
+}
+
 /// Height of the centre of the ideographic em box above the baseline, in ems (the em box runs
 /// from 0.12 em below the baseline to 0.88 em above it).
 const EM_CENTER: f64 = 0.38;
@@ -829,8 +835,11 @@ fn flow(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle, regions: Opt
                     // Composed lines may shrink word spaces (never below zero).
                     per_space =
                         ((width - w) / spaces as f64).max(-sg[i..trimmed].iter().filter(|g| g.is_space()).map(|g| g.adv).fold(f64::MAX, f64::min));
-                } else if para.justify == Justify::JustifyAll && trimmed - i > 1 && width > w {
-                    per_gap = (width - w) / (trimmed - i - 1) as f64;
+                } else if para.justify == Justify::JustifyAll && width > w {
+                    let gaps = sg.get(i + 1..trimmed).map_or(0, |s| s.iter().filter(|g| !g.continues_tcy()).count());
+                    if gaps > 0 {
+                        per_gap = (width - w) / gaps as f64;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             let start_x = if justify {
@@ -861,7 +870,8 @@ fn flow(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle, regions: Opt
                 } else if j < trimmed {
                     if g.is_space() {
                         adv += per_space;
-                    } else if j + 1 < trimmed {
+                    } else if j + 1 < trimmed && sg.get(j + 1).is_some_and(|next| !next.continues_tcy()) {
+                        // Between glyphs, never inside a tate-chu-yoko block (one cell).
                         adv += per_gap;
                     }
                 }

crates/text/src/lib.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ mod fontdb;
 pub mod hyphen;
 mod layout;
 mod shape;
+#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-fonts"))]
+pub mod test_fonts;
 pub mod thread;
 
 pub use craft_fonts::{CRAFT_FONTS, CraftFont};
@@ -385,4 +387,6 @@ mod tests_sysfonts;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_typo;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_variable;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_vertical;

crates/text/src/shape.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use harfrust::{Direction, Feature, ShapeOptions, UnicodeBuffer};
 use skrifa::MetadataProvider;
-use skrifa::instance::{LocationRef, Size};
+use skrifa::instance::Size;
 use vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle;
 
 use crate::features::OtFeatures;
@@ -74,6 +74,10 @@ impl SGlyph {
     pub fn is_letter(&self) -> bool {
         self.ch.is_alphabetic() || matches!(self.ch, '\'' | '’')
     }
+    /// Vertical type: a tate-chu-yoko glyph after its block's first, sharing that glyph's cell.
+    pub fn continues_tcy(&self) -> bool {
+        self.tcy.is_some_and(|t| t.pen > 0.0)
+    }
 }
 
 pub(crate) const SOFT_HYPHEN: char = '\u{00AD}';
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ fn shape_segment(text: &str, seg: &Segment, feats: &OtFeatures, out: &mut Vec<SG
 
     let mut raw: Vec<(u32, u32, i32, i32, i32)> = Vec::with_capacity(text_seg.len()); // gid, cluster, xadv, xoff, yoff
     let shaped = face.hb().map(|hb| {
-        let shaper = face.shaper.shaper(&hb).build();
+        let shaper = face.shaper.shaper(&hb).instance(face.instance.as_ref()).build();
         let mut buf = UnicodeBuffer::new();
         for (i, c) in text_seg.char_indices() {
             let cl = (range.start + i) as u32;
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ fn shape_segment(text: &str, seg: &Segment, feats: &OtFeatures, out: &mut Vec<SG
         // Fallback: nominal glyphs and hmtx advances, no shaping.
         if let Some(f) = face.skrifa() {
             let cmap = f.charmap();
-            let gm = f.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default());
+            let gm = f.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), face.location());
             for (i, c) in text_seg.char_indices() {
                 let cl = (range.start + i) as u32;
                 let chars: Vec<char> = if upper { c.to_uppercase().collect() } else { vec![c] };

crates/text/src/test_fonts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+//! Fonts built in code for tests, so no font file is committed: a small variable font (#296).
+//! Compiled for this crate's tests and, with the `test-fonts` feature, for other crates' tests.
+
+use skrifa::instance::{LocationRef, Size};
+use skrifa::raw::TableProvider;
+use skrifa::raw::tables::glyf::Glyph;
+use skrifa::{GlyphId, MetadataProvider};
+use write_fonts::FontBuilder;
+use write_fonts::tables::fvar::{AxisInstanceArrays, Fvar, InstanceRecord, VariationAxisRecord};
+use write_fonts::tables::gvar::{GlyphDelta, GlyphDeltas, GlyphVariations, Gvar, Tent};
+use write_fonts::types::{F2Dot14, Fixed, NameId, Tag};
+
+/// The family of [`variable_font`].
+pub const VARIABLE_FAMILY: &str = "Varitest Sans";
+
+/// The characters [`variable_font`] widens towards its heaviest weight (simple glyphs in Source Sans
+/// 3; the composite ones, like `H`, would need their components varied).
+pub const VARIABLE_CHARS: &str = "lIn";
+
+/// How much wider [`VARIABLE_CHARS`] are at the heaviest weight (outlines and advances).
+pub const VARIABLE_WIDEN: f32 = 0.25;
+
+/// The bundled Source Sans 3 Regular as a variable font of family [`VARIABLE_FAMILY`]: one weight
+/// axis (400–700, default 400, the face itself being Regular) whose maximum makes the glyphs of
+/// [`VARIABLE_CHARS`] [`VARIABLE_WIDEN`] wider (outlines and advances, through `gvar`), with the
+/// named instances Normal (the default, the face Regular), SemiBold (550) and Bold (700), plus an instance without
+/// a name and one named like another (`BOLD`), which style lists leave out. `None` when it can't
+/// be built.
+pub fn variable_font() -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    const BASE: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../../../assets/fonts/SourceSans3-Regular.ttf");
+    let font = skrifa::FontRef::new(BASE).ok()?;
+    let (glyf, loca) = (font.glyf().ok()?, font.loca(None).ok()?);
+    let metrics = font.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default());
+    let charmap = font.charmap();
+    let widened: Vec<GlyphId> = VARIABLE_CHARS.chars().filter_map(|c| charmap.map(c)).collect();
+    let mut variations = Vec::new();
+    for g in 0..u32::from(font.maxp().ok()?.num_glyphs()) {
+        let gid = write_fonts::types::GlyphId::new(g);
+        let id = GlyphId::new(g);
+        let deltas = if widened.contains(&id) {
+            let Ok(Some(Glyph::Simple(s))) = loca.get_glyf(id, &glyf) else { return None };
+            let wider = |x: f32| (x * VARIABLE_WIDEN).round() as i16;
+            let mut d: Vec<GlyphDelta> = s.points().map(|p| GlyphDelta::required(wider(f32::from(p.x)), 0)).collect();
+            // The phantom points: left side bearing, advance, top, bottom.
+            let advance = wider(metrics.advance_width(id)?);
+            d.extend([(0, 0), (advance, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)].map(|(x, y)| GlyphDelta::required(x, y)));
+            vec![GlyphDeltas::new(vec![Tent::new(F2Dot14::from_f32(1.0), None)], d)]
+        } else {
+            vec![]
+        };
+        variations.push(GlyphVariations::new(gid, deltas));
+    }
+    let gvar = Gvar::new(variations, 1).ok()?;
+    let axis = VariationAxisRecord {
+        axis_tag: Tag::new(b"wght"),
+        min_value: Fixed::from_i32(400),
+        default_value: Fixed::from_i32(400),
+        max_value: Fixed::from_i32(700),
+        flags: 0,
+        axis_name_id: NameId::new(256),
+    };
+    let instance = |name: u16, wght: i32| InstanceRecord {
+        subfamily_name_id: NameId::new(name),
+        flags: 0,
+        coordinates: vec![Fixed::from_i32(wght)],
+        post_script_name_id: None,
+    };
+    let instances = vec![instance(257, 400), instance(258, 550), instance(259, 700), instance(260, 600), instance(261, 650)];
+    let fvar = Fvar::new(AxisInstanceArrays::new(vec![axis], instances));
+    let name = name_table(&[
+        (1, VARIABLE_FAMILY),
+        (2, "Regular"),
+        (4, "Varitest Sans Regular"),
+        (6, "VaritestSans-Regular"),
+        (256, "Weight"),
+        (257, "Normal"),
+        (258, "SemiBold"),
+        (259, "Bold"),
+        (261, "BOLD"),
+    ])?;
+    let mut builder = FontBuilder::new();
+    builder.add_raw(Tag::new(b"name"), name);
+    builder.add_table(&fvar).ok()?.add_table(&gvar).ok()?;
+    // The rest of Source Sans 3's tables as they are.
+    for r in font.table_directory.table_records() {
+        let tag = Tag::new(&r.tag().to_be_bytes());
+        if !builder.contains(tag) {
+            builder.add_raw(tag, font.table_data(r.tag())?.as_bytes());
+        }
+    }
+    Some(builder.build())
+}
+
+/// A `name` table of Windows English (US) records (name id, string).
+pub fn name_table(records: &[(u16, &str)]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let mut records = records.to_vec();
+    records.sort_by_key(|r| r.0);
+    let n = u16::try_from(records.len()).ok()?;
+    let (mut head, mut strings) = (Vec::new(), Vec::new());
+    for v in [0, n, 6 + 12 * n] {
+        head.extend_from_slice(&v.to_be_bytes());
+    }
+    for (id, s) in records {
+        let bytes: Vec<u8> = s.encode_utf16().flat_map(u16::to_be_bytes).collect();
+        for v in [3, 1, 0x0409, id, u16::try_from(bytes.len()).ok()?, u16::try_from(strings.len()).ok()?] {
+            head.extend_from_slice(&v.to_be_bytes());
+        }
+        strings.extend(bytes);
+    }
+    head.extend(strings);
+    Some(head)
+}

crates/text/src/tests_variable.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+//! Variable fonts: each named instance is a style of its own, listed, resolved, shaped, drawn and
+//! embedded at its axis settings (#296: Figtree listed only Light, its default instance).
+
+use kurbo::{Point, Shape};
+use skrifa::MetadataProvider;
+use skrifa::instance::{LocationRef, Size};
+use skrifa::raw::TableProvider;
+use vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle;
+
+use super::test_fonts::{VARIABLE_CHARS, VARIABLE_FAMILY as FAMILY, VARIABLE_WIDEN, name_table, variable_font};
+use super::*;
+
+fn font() -> Vec<u8> {
+    variable_font().expect("the test font builds")
+}
+
+/// A database of the bundled fonts and the test variable font.
+fn db() -> FontDb {
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(vec![]);
+    assert_eq!(db.add_font(font()), 3, "Regular, SemiBold and Bold");
+    db
+}
+
+/// The width of `c`'s outline in font units.
+fn ink_width(db: &FontDb, face: &FontFace, c: char) -> f64 {
+    db.outline(face, face.glyph_for(c)).bounding_box().width()
+}
+
+fn text(family: &str, style: &str, s: &str) -> TextObject {
+    TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, s, CharStyle { font_family: family.into(), font_style: style.into(), size: 100.0, ..CharStyle::default() })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn named_instances_are_styles_of_the_family() {
+    let db = db();
+    // The default instance is the face itself; the unnamed and the twice-named ones are left out.
+    assert_eq!(db.styles(FAMILY), ["Regular", "SemiBold", "Bold"]);
+    let bold = db.face(FAMILY, "Bold").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((bold.family.as_str(), bold.style.as_str(), bold.weight, bold.italic), (FAMILY, "Bold", 700.0, false));
+    assert_eq!(bold.variations(), [(*b"wght", 700.0)]);
+    let regular = db.face(FAMILY, "Regular").unwrap();
+    assert!(regular.variations().is_empty() && regular.weight == 400.0);
+    assert_eq!(db.face(FAMILY, "SemiBold").unwrap().weight, 550.0);
+    // Fonts added again add nothing.
+    assert_eq!(db.add_font(font()), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_instance_is_found_by_its_names_and_by_weight() {
+    let db = db();
+    let m = |f: &str, s: &str| db.resolve(f, s).map(|(face, m)| (face.style.clone(), m)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(m(FAMILY, "Bold"), ("Bold".into(), FontMatch::Exact));
+    assert_eq!(m("varitest sans", "semi bold"), ("SemiBold".into(), FontMatch::Exact), "names are normalized");
+    // The default instance's own name names the face.
+    assert_eq!(m(FAMILY, "Normal"), ("Regular".into(), FontMatch::Exact));
+    assert!(!db.styles(FAMILY).contains(&"Normal".to_string()));
+    // A style the font hasn't: the closest weight.
+    assert_eq!(m(FAMILY, "Black"), ("Bold".into(), FontMatch::Style));
+    assert_eq!(m(FAMILY, "Medium"), ("SemiBold".into(), FontMatch::Style));
+    // PostScript names (as PDF and .ai files name fonts): `<family>-<style>` without spaces.
+    assert_eq!(m("VaritestSans-Bold", "Regular"), ("Bold".into(), FontMatch::Exact));
+    assert_eq!(db.find_postscript("VaritestSans-SemiBold").unwrap().style, "SemiBold");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_instance_draws_and_measures_its_own_glyphs() {
+    let db = db();
+    let (regular, semi, bold) = (db.face(FAMILY, "Regular").unwrap(), db.face(FAMILY, "SemiBold").unwrap(), db.face(FAMILY, "Bold").unwrap());
+    let widen = f64::from(VARIABLE_WIDEN);
+    for c in VARIABLE_CHARS.chars() {
+        let g = regular.glyph_for(c);
+        assert_eq!(bold.glyph_for(c), g);
+        // Advances (gvar phantom points) and outlines: a quarter wider at Bold, half that at SemiBold.
+        let (r, b, s) = (regular.advance(g), bold.advance(g), semi.advance(g));
+        assert!((b - r * (1.0 + widen)).abs() <= 1.0, "{c}: advance {r} -> {b}");
+        assert!((s - r * (1.0 + widen / 2.0)).abs() <= 1.0, "{c}: SemiBold advance {s}");
+        let (ri, bi) = (ink_width(&db, &regular, c), ink_width(&db, &bold, c));
+        assert!((bi - ri * (1.0 + widen)).abs() <= 2.0, "{c}: outline {ri} -> {bi}");
+    }
+    // Characters the axis doesn't change stay as they are.
+    let o = regular.glyph_for('o');
+    assert_eq!(regular.advance(o), bold.advance(o));
+    assert_eq!(db.outline(&regular, o).to_svg(), db.outline(&bold, o).to_svg());
+
+    // Laid out (shaped with the instance): the glyphs come from the Bold face, advance as it does
+    // and are drawn with its outlines (what the canvas, Create Outlines and hit tests use).
+    let (lr, lb) = (layout(&db, &text(FAMILY, "Regular", VARIABLE_CHARS)), layout(&db, &text(FAMILY, "Bold", VARIABLE_CHARS)));
+    assert!(lb.glyphs.iter().all(|g| g.font_id == bold.id()));
+    let width = |l: &TextLayout| l.glyphs.iter().map(|g| g.advance).sum::<f64>();
+    let expected: f64 = VARIABLE_CHARS.chars().map(|c| bold.advance(bold.glyph_for(c))).sum::<f64>() * 100.0 / bold.units_per_em();
+    assert!((width(&lb) - expected).abs() < 0.5, "shaped {} vs {expected}", width(&lb));
+    assert!(width(&lb) > width(&lr) * (1.0 + widen * 0.9));
+    let ink = |l: &TextLayout| l.to_bezpath().bounding_box().width();
+    assert!(ink(&lb) > ink(&lr) * (1.0 + widen * 0.9), "{} vs {}", ink(&lb), ink(&lr));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_embedded_instance_is_a_static_font_of_that_instance() {
+    let db = db();
+    let bold = db.face(FAMILY, "Bold").unwrap();
+    let e = bold.embed(&['l', 'o']).unwrap();
+    assert!(e.subset && !e.cff);
+    let f = skrifa::FontRef::new(&e.data).unwrap();
+    assert!(f.fvar().is_err() && f.gvar().is_err(), "no variations left");
+    let g = f.charmap().map('l').unwrap();
+    let adv = f.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default()).advance_width(g).unwrap();
+    assert!((f64::from(adv) - bold.advance(bold.glyph_for('l'))).abs() <= 1.0, "the Bold advance: {adv}");
+    // The default face embeds as before.
+    let regular = db.face(FAMILY, "Regular").unwrap();
+    let data = regular.embed(&['l']).unwrap().data;
+    let r = skrifa::FontRef::new(&data).unwrap();
+    let rl = r.glyph_metrics(Size::unscaled(), LocationRef::default()).advance_width(r.charmap().map('l').unwrap()).unwrap();
+    assert!((f64::from(rl) - regular.advance(regular.glyph_for('l'))).abs() <= 1.0 && rl < adv, "{rl} vs {adv}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn installed_variable_fonts_list_their_instances_before_loading() {
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vc-varfonts-{}", std::process::id()));
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    std::fs::write(dir.join("Varitest[wght].ttf"), font()).unwrap();
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(vec![dir]);
+    assert_eq!(db.styles(FAMILY), ["Regular", "SemiBold", "Bold"]);
+    assert!(!db.is_loaded(FAMILY), "listed from the name and fvar tables alone");
+    assert_eq!(db.by_postscript_name("VaritestSans-Bold"), Some((FAMILY.to_string(), "Bold".to_string())));
+    let (bold, m) = db.resolve(FAMILY, "Bold").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((bold.style.as_str(), m), ("Bold", FontMatch::Exact));
+    assert_eq!(bold.variations(), [(*b"wght", 700.0)]);
+    assert!(bold.path().is_some());
+}
+
+/// Damaged or hostile `fvar` tables give fewer styles, never a panic, and the face still works.
+#[test]
+fn damaged_variation_tables_never_panic() {
+    let name = name_table(&[(1, "Broken Var"), (2, "Regular"), (256, "W")]).unwrap();
+    let be = |v: &[u32]| v.iter().flat_map(|x| x.to_be_bytes()).collect::<Vec<u8>>();
+    // Header: version 1.0, axes offset 16, reserved, axis count, axis size 20, instance count,
+    // instance size.
+    let header = |axes: u16, axis_size: u16, instances: u16, instance_size: u16| {
+        let mut h = be(&[0x0001_0000]);
+        for v in [16, 2, axes, axis_size, instances, instance_size] {
+            h.extend(v.to_be_bytes());
+        }
+        h
+    };
+    let axis = |tag: &[u8; 4], min: i32, def: i32, max: i32| {
+        let mut a = tag.to_vec();
+        a.extend(be(&[(min << 16) as u32, (def << 16) as u32, (max << 16) as u32]));
+        a.extend([0, 0, 1, 0]);
+        a
+    };
+    let mut damaged: Vec<Vec<u8>> = vec![
+        vec![],
+        vec![0; 3],
+        header(0xffff, 20, 0xffff, 8),
+        [header(1, 20, 0xffff, 8), axis(b"wght", 100, 400, 900)].concat(),
+        [header(1, 20, 3, 0xffff), axis(b"wght", 100, 400, 900)].concat(),
+        [header(1, 0, 3, 8), axis(b"wght", 100, 400, 900)].concat(),
+        [header(200, 20, 1, 804), vec![0; 4000]].concat(),
+    ];
+    // Many instances (all named): the list is capped.
+    let mut many = [header(1, 20, 2000, 8), axis(b"wght", 0, 0, 30000)].concat();
+    for i in 0..2000u32 {
+        many.extend(be(&[256 << 16, (i + 1) << 16]));
+    }
+    damaged.push(many);
+    for fvar in &damaged {
+        let f = fontdb::sfnt_of(&[(b"name", &name), (b"fvar", fvar)]).unwrap();
+        let styles = fontdb::face_styles(&skrifa::FontRef::new(&f).unwrap());
+        assert!(!styles.is_empty() && styles.len() <= 2, "{} styles", styles.len());
+    }
+    // A real font with a damaged fvar (and its gvar) still loads and lays out.
+    let good = font();
+    let at = |tag: &[u8; 4]| {
+        let tables = u16::from_be_bytes([good[4], good[5]]) as usize;
+        let r = (0..tables).map(|i| 12 + 16 * i).find(|r| &good[*r..*r + 4] == tag).unwrap();
+        let off = u32::from_be_bytes(good[r + 8..r + 12].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+        let len = u32::from_be_bytes(good[r + 12..r + 16].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+        off..off + len
+    };
+    let (fvar, gvar) = (at(b"fvar"), at(b"gvar"));
+    // Deterministic byte damage across both tables.
+    let mut seed = 0x2545_f491_u32;
+    for round in 0..300 {
+        let mut bad = good.clone();
+        for _ in 0..1 + round % 8 {
+            seed ^= seed << 13;
+            seed ^= seed >> 17;
+            seed ^= seed << 5;
+            let range = if seed.is_multiple_of(2) { fvar.clone() } else { gvar.clone() };
+            let i = range.start + (seed as usize >> 3) % range.len();
+            bad[i] = (seed >> 24) as u8;
+        }
+        let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(vec![]);
+        db.add_font(bad);
+        for style in db.styles(FAMILY) {
+            let l = layout(&db, &text(FAMILY, &style, "lHio"));
+            assert!(l.glyphs.len() <= 8, "{style}: {} glyphs", l.glyphs.len());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Windows ships variable system fonts: Bahnschrift (weight and width axes) lists its named
+/// instances and draws them. Skipped where it isn't installed.
+#[test]
+fn bahnschrift_lists_and_draws_its_instances() {
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(system_font_dirs());
+    if !db.has_family("Bahnschrift") {
+        eprintln!("skipped: Bahnschrift is not installed");
+        return;
+    }
+    let styles = db.styles("Bahnschrift");
+    eprintln!("Bahnschrift: {styles:?}");
+    for s in ["Light", "Regular", "SemiBold", "Bold"] {
+        assert!(styles.iter().any(|x| x == s), "{s} in {styles:?}");
+    }
+    let light = db.face("Bahnschrift", "Light").unwrap();
+    let bold = db.face("Bahnschrift", "Bold").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((light.style.as_str(), bold.style.as_str()), ("Light", "Bold"));
+    assert!(bold.weight > light.weight, "{} vs {}", bold.weight, light.weight);
+    let (lw, bw) = (ink_width(&db, &light, 'l'), ink_width(&db, &bold, 'l'));
+    assert!(bw > lw * 1.05, "the Bold l is wider: {lw} -> {bw}");
+    let w = |s: &str| layout(&db, &text("Bahnschrift", s, "Hamburgefonstiv")).to_bezpath().bounding_box().width();
+    assert!(w("Bold") > w("Light"), "{} vs {}", w("Bold"), w("Light"));
+}
+
+/// Segoe UI Variable (Windows 11; optical size and weight axes). Skipped where it isn't installed.
+#[test]
+fn segoe_ui_variable_lists_its_instances() {
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(system_font_dirs());
+    let families: Vec<String> = db.families().into_iter().filter(|f| f.starts_with("Segoe UI Variable")).collect();
+    if families.is_empty() {
+        eprintln!("skipped: Segoe UI Variable is not installed");
+        return;
+    }
+    for f in &families {
+        let styles = db.styles(f);
+        eprintln!("{f}: {styles:?}");
+        assert!(styles.len() > 1, "{f}: {styles:?}");
+    }
+    if families.iter().any(|f| f == "Segoe UI Variable") {
+        let (light, bold) = (db.face("Segoe UI Variable", "Light Text").unwrap(), db.face("Segoe UI Variable", "Bold Text").unwrap());
+        assert_eq!((light.style.as_str(), bold.style.as_str()), ("Light Text", "Bold Text"));
+        assert!(bold.weight > light.weight && !bold.variations().is_empty());
+        let w = |f: &FontFace| ink_width(&db, f, 'm');
+        assert!(w(&bold) > w(&light), "{} vs {}", w(&bold), w(&light));
+    }
+}

crates/text/src/tests_vertical.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
-//! Vertical type (bundled fonts only: `§` and `×` stand upright like CJK, letters lie on their side).
+//! Vertical type (bundled fonts: `§` and `×` stand upright like CJK, letters lie on their side;
+//! Japanese text only with craft-fonts' faces, skipped without them).
 use super::*;
 use kurbo::Shape;
-use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, TextKind};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Justify, TextKind};
 use vectorcraft_geom::PathData;
 
 fn vertical(text: &str) -> TextObject {
-    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, text, CharStyle { size: 20.0, ..CharStyle::default() });
+    vertical_styled(text, CharStyle { size: 20.0, ..CharStyle::default() })
+}
+
+fn vertical_styled(text: &str, style: CharStyle) -> TextObject {
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, text, style);
     t.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
     t.vertical = true;
     t
@@ -128,3 +133,131 @@ fn kinsoku_keeps_closing_marks_off_line_starts_and_opening_brackets_off_line_end
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Each glyph's cell down the (single) column: from its origin over its advance. A glyph that
+/// doesn't advance (the rest of a tate-chu-yoko block) shares the cell of the glyph before it.
+fn column_cells(l: &TextLayout) -> Vec<(f64, f64)> {
+    let mut cells: Vec<(f64, f64)> = Vec::with_capacity(l.glyphs.len());
+    for g in &l.glyphs {
+        let cell = match cells.last() {
+            Some(&prev) if g.advance == 0.0 => prev,
+            _ => (g.origin.y, g.origin.y + g.advance),
+        };
+        cells.push(cell);
+    }
+    cells
+}
+
+/// One column, cells one after the other, each glyph's ink inside its own cell (within `tol`)
+/// and no two glyphs' ink overlapping.
+fn assert_own_cells(l: &TextLayout, text: &str, tol: f64) {
+    let label = |i: usize| &text[l.glyphs[i].byte..l.glyphs[i].byte + l.glyphs[i].len];
+    let cells = column_cells(l);
+    for (i, g) in l.glyphs.iter().enumerate() {
+        assert!((g.origin.x - l.glyphs[0].origin.x).abs() < 1e-9, "{:?} leaves the column: {g:?}", label(i));
+        if let Some(next) = l.glyphs.get(i + 1) {
+            assert!((next.origin.y - (g.origin.y + g.advance)).abs() < 1e-9, "{:?} starts where {:?} ends", label(i + 1), label(i));
+        }
+        if g.outline.elements().is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let (r, (top, bottom)) = (ink(l, i), cells[i]);
+        assert!(r.y0 >= top - tol && r.y1 <= bottom + tol, "{:?}: ink {r:?} outside its cell {top}..{bottom}", label(i));
+        for j in (0..i).filter(|&j| !l.glyphs[j].outline.elements().is_empty()) {
+            let o = ink(l, j);
+            let (ox, oy) = (r.x1.min(o.x1) - r.x0.max(o.x0), r.y1.min(o.y1) - r.y0.max(o.y0));
+            assert!(ox <= tol || oy <= tol, "{:?} {r:?} overlaps {:?} {o:?}", label(i), label(j));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Index of the glyph of `needle`'s first byte in `text`.
+fn glyph_of(l: &TextLayout, text: &str, needle: &str) -> usize {
+    let b = text.find(needle).unwrap();
+    l.glyphs.iter().position(|g| g.byte == b).unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Issue #260 with bundled glyphs (`§` stands in for the upright CJK characters).
+#[test]
+fn numbers_keep_their_own_cells_down_the_column() {
+    let text = "§§ §§§ 10§22§§ 1§ 100§ 2026§";
+    let l = layout(FontDb::global(), &vertical(text));
+    assert_own_cells(&l, text, 0.25);
+    // Tate-chu-yoko: one em of the column, centred on the column's centre line (x = 0), the next
+    // character right after it.
+    for block in ["10§", "22§", "100§"] {
+        let first = glyph_of(&l, text, block);
+        let digits = block.len() - '§'.len_utf8();
+        let after = first + digits;
+        let g = &l.glyphs[first];
+        assert!((g.advance - 20.0).abs() < 1e-9, "{block}: {g:?}");
+        assert!(l.glyphs[first + 1..after].iter().all(|d| d.advance == 0.0), "{block}");
+        assert!((l.glyphs[after].origin.y - (g.origin.y + 20.0)).abs() < 1e-9, "{block}: the next character follows the block's em");
+        let inks = (first..after).map(|i| ink(&l, i)).reduce(|a, b| a.union(b)).unwrap();
+        assert!(inks.center().x.abs() < 1.0, "{block} centred on the column: {inks:?}");
+        assert!((inks.center().y - (g.origin.y + 10.0)).abs() < 1.5, "{block} centred in its em: {inks:?} {g:?}");
+    }
+    // A single digit and longer numbers lie on their side, advancing by their own length.
+    let one = glyph_of(&l, text, "1§");
+    let r = ink(&l, one);
+    assert!(r.width() > r.height() && l.glyphs[one].advance < 20.0, "1 on its side: {r:?}");
+    let year = glyph_of(&l, text, "2026");
+    let len: f64 = l.glyphs[year..year + 4].iter().map(|g| g.advance).sum();
+    assert!(len > 30.0 && (l.glyphs[year + 4].origin.y - l.glyphs[year].origin.y - len).abs() < 1e-9, "2026 takes its length: {len}");
+    // Half-width spaces take their own (narrow) width.
+    for (i, g) in l.glyphs.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, g)| text[g.byte..].starts_with(' ')) {
+        assert!(g.advance > 2.0 && g.advance < 10.0, "space {i}: {g:?}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn justified_columns_keep_tate_chu_yoko_blocks_whole_and_marks_centred() {
+    let text = "§10§§";
+    let mut t = vertical(text);
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: PathData::from_bezpath(&Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 40.0, 200.0).to_path(0.1)) };
+    t.para.justify = Justify::JustifyAll;
+    let l = layout(FontDb::global(), &t);
+    assert_eq!(l.lines.len(), 1);
+    // 200 pt of column, four 20 pt cells: three gaps of 40 pt between them, none inside "10".
+    let (one, zero) = (ink(&l, 1), ink(&l, 2));
+    assert!((one.center().y - zero.center().y).abs() < 0.5 && zero.x0 > one.x1, "10 side by side: {one:?} {zero:?}");
+    let marks: Vec<Rect> = [0, 3, 4].iter().map(|&i| ink(&l, i)).collect();
+    assert!((marks[1].center().y - marks[0].center().y - 120.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{marks:?}");
+    assert!((marks[2].center().y - marks[1].center().y - 60.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{marks:?}");
+    assert!(marks.iter().all(|m| (m.center().x - marks[0].center().x).abs() < 1e-6), "upright marks stay on the centre line: {marks:?}");
+    assert!(marks[2].y1 <= 200.0 + 1e-6, "inside the frame: {marks:?}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn tracking_spaces_upright_marks_without_moving_them_off_the_centre_line() {
+    let plain = layout(FontDb::global(), &vertical("§§"));
+    let tracked = layout(FontDb::global(), &vertical_styled("§§", CharStyle { size: 20.0, tracking: 200.0, ..CharStyle::default() }));
+    for i in 0..2 {
+        assert!((ink(&tracked, i).center().x - ink(&plain, i).center().x).abs() < 1e-6, "{:?} {:?}", ink(&tracked, i), ink(&plain, i));
+    }
+    let step = ink(&tracked, 1).center().y - ink(&tracked, 0).center().y;
+    assert!((step - 24.0).abs() < 1e-6, "one em plus 200/1000 em of tracking: {step}");
+}
+
+/// Issue #260 as reported, with a Japanese face of craft-fonts (whose own digits are proportional).
+#[test]
+fn japanese_numbers_keep_their_own_cells_down_the_column() {
+    let Some(face) = crate::craft_fonts::japanese_ui_fonts(false).into_iter().next() else {
+        eprintln!("skipped: built without craft-fonts (set CRAFT_FONTS_DIR to a craft-fonts checkout to run it)");
+        return;
+    };
+    let db = FontDb::with_font_dirs(vec![]);
+    let text = "はただ商店 秋のセール 10月22日まで";
+    let t = vertical_styled(text, CharStyle { size: 28.0, font_family: face.family.into(), font_style: face.style.into(), ..CharStyle::default() });
+    let l = layout(&db, &t);
+    assert!(l.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| !text[g.byte..].starts_with(' ')).all(|g| g.gid != 0), "real glyphs, no tofu");
+    assert_own_cells(&l, text, 0.5);
+    for block in ["10月", "22日"] {
+        let first = glyph_of(&l, text, block);
+        let g = &l.glyphs[first];
+        assert!((g.advance - 28.0).abs() < 1e-9 && l.glyphs[first + 1].advance == 0.0, "{block}: one em");
+        assert!((l.glyphs[first + 2].origin.y - (g.origin.y + 28.0)).abs() < 1e-9, "{block}: the next character follows the em");
+        let inks = ink(&l, first).union(ink(&l, first + 1));
+        assert!(inks.center().x.abs() < 2.8, "{block} centred on the column: {inks:?}");
+    }
+}

crates/tools/src/corners.rs

@@ -93,14 +93,15 @@ impl CornerDrag {
         Some(Self { widgets, corner, start: p, began: false, radius: widgets.radii[corner], at: p })
     }
 
-    /// The start radius plus the pointer's travel along the corner's inward diagonal (in the
-    /// shape's own units), from square to fully round.
+    /// The start radius (as drawn: no larger than fits) plus the pointer's travel along the
+    /// corner's inward diagonal (in the shape's own units), from square to fully round.
     fn radius_at(&self, p: Point) -> f64 {
         let w = &self.widgets;
         let inv = w.xf.inverse();
         let d = inv * p - inv * self.start;
         let (_, (sx, sy)) = CORNERS[self.corner];
-        (w.radii[self.corner] + (d.x * sx + d.y * sy) / 2.0).clamp(0.0, w.w.min(w.h) / 2.0)
+        let max = (w.w.abs().min(w.h.abs()) / 2.0).max(0.0);
+        (w.radii[self.corner].min(max) + (d.x * sx + d.y * sy) / 2.0).clamp(0.0, max)
     }
 
     pub fn drag(&mut self, cx: &ToolContext, p: Point) -> Vec<Action> {

crates/tools/src/direct.rs

@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@
 //! Both pick the key objects of a blend. Direct Selection also edits a blend's spine: drag its
 //! points (a key object on a point moves with it) and, once a point is clicked, its handles; and
 //! the points of selected gradient meshes and mesh envelopes and their handles ([`MeshEdit`]).
+//! Dragging a corner or an edge of area type's frame reshapes the type area (`text.reshapeArea`):
+//! the text reflows at its size.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::hit::hit_test;
-use vectorcraft_doc::{AnchorRef, NodeId, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{AnchorRef, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{PathData, Point, Rect};
 
 use crate::bbox::move_delta;
 use crate::corners::{CornerDrag, over_widget};
 use crate::meshedit::MeshEdit;
-use crate::select::matrix_json;
+use crate::select::{is_area_type, matrix_json};
 use crate::{Action, Cursor, Mods, Overlay, PointerEvent, PointerKind, Tool, ToolContext};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -58,6 +62,13 @@ enum State {
     },
     /// Dragging a mesh point or handle ([`MeshEdit`]).
     Mesh,
+    /// Dragging anchors of area type's frame (a corner, or the two ends of an edge).
+    TypeArea {
+        id: NodeId,
+        anchors: Vec<AnchorRef>,
+        start: Point,
+        began: bool,
+    },
 }
 
 pub struct DirectSelectionTool {
@@ -115,33 +126,45 @@ fn spine_anchor(cx: &ToolContext, (id, ai): (NodeId, usize)) -> Option<vectorcra
     }
 }
 
-/// Anchor (or handle) of any selected/visible path under `p`.
-fn hit_anchor(cx: &ToolContext, p: Point, tol: f64, selected_only: bool) -> Option<(NodeId, usize, usize)> {
-    let ids: Vec<NodeId> = if selected_only {
-        cx.selection.objects.clone()
-    } else {
-        let mut v = vec![];
-        cx.doc.walk(|n| {
-            if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }) {
-                v.push(n.id)
-            }
-        });
-        v.reverse();
-        v
-    };
-    for id in ids {
-        if !cx.doc.is_editable(id) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if let Some(pd) = cx.doc.node(id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()) {
-            for (si, ai, a) in pd.anchors() {
-                if a.p.distance(p) <= tol {
-                    return Some((id, si, ai));
-                }
-            }
-        }
+/// The anchors Direct Selection edits on `n`, in document space: a path's, or area type's frame.
+fn editable_path(n: &Node) -> Option<Cow<'_, PathData>> {
+    match &n.kind {
+        NodeKind::Path { path, .. } => Some(Cow::Borrowed(path)),
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => t.area_frame().map(Cow::Owned),
+        _ => None,
     }
-    None
+}
+
+/// The editable objects `f` accepts, topmost first.
+fn anchor_owners(cx: &ToolContext, f: fn(&Node) -> bool) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    let mut v = vec![];
+    cx.doc.walk(|n| {
+        if f(n) {
+            v.push(n.id)
+        }
+    });
+    v.reverse();
+    v.retain(|id| cx.doc.is_editable(*id));
+    v
+}
+
+/// Anchor of any visible path or area type frame under `p`, topmost first.
+fn hit_anchor(cx: &ToolContext, p: Point, tol: f64) -> Option<(NodeId, usize, usize)> {
+    let owners = anchor_owners(cx, |n| matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. }) || is_area_type(n));
+    owners.into_iter().find_map(|id| {
+        let pd = cx.doc.node(id).and_then(editable_path)?;
+        pd.anchors().find(|(_, _, a)| a.p.distance(p) <= tol).map(|(si, ai, _)| (id, si, ai))
+    })
+}
+
+/// An edge of an area type frame under `p`, topmost first: (text, the edge's two anchors).
+fn hit_frame_edge(cx: &ToolContext, p: Point, tol: f64) -> Option<(NodeId, Vec<AnchorRef>)> {
+    anchor_owners(cx, is_area_type).into_iter().find_map(|id| {
+        let frame = cx.doc.node(id).and_then(editable_path)?;
+        let (si, seg, _, _, d) = frame.nearest(p)?;
+        let n = frame.subpaths.get(si)?.anchors.len();
+        (d <= tol && n > 0).then(|| (id, vec![(si, seg % n), (si, (seg + 1) % n)]))
+    })
 }
 
 /// Direction handle of a partially selected anchor under `p`: (id, si, ai, is_out).
@@ -223,7 +246,10 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
                     self.state = State::SpinePoint { id, anchor, from, start: p, began: false };
                     return if cx.selection.contains(id) { vec![] } else { vec![Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [id.0]}))] };
                 }
-                if let Some((id, si, ai)) = hit_anchor(cx, p, tol, false) {
+                if let Some((id, si, ai)) = hit_anchor(cx, p, tol) {
+                    if cx.doc.node(id).is_some_and(is_area_type) {
+                        return self.press_type_area(cx, id, vec![(si, ai)], p, ev.mods.shift);
+                    }
                     let already = cx.selection.partial(id).is_some_and(|s| s.contains(&(si, ai)));
                     self.state = State::MoveAnchors { start: p, began: false };
                     if ev.mods.shift {
@@ -234,6 +260,9 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
                     }
                     return vec![];
                 }
+                if let Some((id, anchors)) = hit_frame_edge(cx, p, tol) {
+                    return self.press_type_area(cx, id, anchors, p, ev.mods.shift);
+                }
                 if let Some(h) = hit_test(cx.doc, p, cx.hit_options()) {
                     // Clicking a segment/fill selects the whole leaf path (all anchors).
                     self.state = State::MoveObject { start: p, began: false };
@@ -277,6 +306,19 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
                 ));
                 out
             }
+            (PointerKind::Drag, State::TypeArea { id, anchors, start, began }) => {
+                let mut out = vec![];
+                if !began {
+                    if p.distance(start) < cx.tol(3.0) {
+                        return out;
+                    }
+                    out.push(Action::Begin("Reshape Type Area".into()));
+                }
+                let d = move_delta(start, p, ev.mods.shift);
+                out.push(Action::Preview("text.reshapeArea".into(), json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": anchors_json(&anchors), "dx": d.x, "dy": d.y})));
+                self.state = State::TypeArea { id, anchors, start, began: true };
+                out
+            }
             (PointerKind::Drag, State::Handle { id, si, ai, out }) => {
                 vec![Action::Preview(
                     "path.setHandle".into(),
@@ -318,7 +360,10 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
                 self.state = State::Idle;
                 c.finish()
             }
-            (PointerKind::Up, State::MoveAnchors { began, .. } | State::MoveObject { began, .. } | State::SpinePoint { began, .. }) => {
+            (
+                PointerKind::Up,
+                State::MoveAnchors { began, .. } | State::MoveObject { began, .. } | State::SpinePoint { began, .. } | State::TypeArea { began, .. },
+            ) => {
                 self.state = State::Idle;
                 if began { vec![Action::Commit] } else { vec![] }
             }
@@ -356,6 +401,9 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
             _ => {
                 let mut out = self.spine_overlays(cx);
                 out.extend(self.mesh.overlays(cx));
+                if !self.group {
+                    out.extend(frame_overlays(cx));
+                }
                 out
             }
         }
@@ -368,7 +416,31 @@ impl Tool for DirectSelectionTool {
     }
 }
 
+/// The frame anchors of the selected area type, which Direct Selection drags.
+fn frame_overlays(cx: &ToolContext) -> Vec<Overlay> {
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    for id in &cx.selection.objects {
+        let Some(frame) = cx.doc.node(*id).filter(|n| is_area_type(n)).and_then(editable_path) else { continue };
+        let color = cx.doc.layer_color(*id);
+        out.extend(frame.anchors().map(|(_, _, a)| Overlay::Anchor { p: a.p, color, filled: false, size: 5.0 }));
+    }
+    out
+}
+
 impl DirectSelectionTool {
+    /// Press on area type's frame anchors (a corner, or an edge's two ends): select the text and
+    /// get ready to drag them.
+    fn press_type_area(&mut self, cx: &ToolContext, id: NodeId, anchors: Vec<AnchorRef>, p: Point, shift: bool) -> Vec<Action> {
+        self.state = State::TypeArea { id, anchors, start: p, began: false };
+        if cx.selection.contains(id) {
+            vec![]
+        } else if shift {
+            vec![Action::Exec("select.add".into(), json!({"ids": [id.0]}))]
+        } else {
+            vec![Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [id.0]}))]
+        }
+    }
+
     /// The clicked spine point, filled, with its handles.
     fn spine_overlays(&self, cx: &ToolContext) -> Vec<Overlay> {
         let Some(sel) = self.spine.filter(|(id, _)| cx.selection.contains(*id)) else { return vec![] };
@@ -435,6 +507,37 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(a, vec![Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [g.0]}))]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn dragging_a_frame_corner_or_edge_reshapes_area_type() {
+        let (d, text) = doc_with_area_type();
+        let p = paint();
+        let s = Selection::default();
+        let cx1 = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        let mut t = DirectSelectionTool::new(false);
+        // The bottom-right corner of the 120 × 40 frame at (300, 300) selects the text...
+        assert_eq!(
+            t.pointer(&cx1, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, 421.0, 339.0)),
+            vec![Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [text.0]}))]
+        );
+        // ...and drags that corner.
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx1, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, 461.0, 399.0));
+        assert_eq!(a[0], Action::Begin("Reshape Type Area".into()));
+        assert_eq!(a[1], Action::Preview("text.reshapeArea".into(), json!({"id": text.0, "anchors": [[0, 2]], "dx": 40.0, "dy": 60.0})));
+        assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx1, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, 461.0, 399.0)), vec![Action::Commit]);
+        // The top edge drags both its ends; a click alone changes nothing.
+        let mut s = Selection::default();
+        s.add(text);
+        let cx2 = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        assert!(t.pointer(&cx2, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, 350.0, 301.0)).is_empty());
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx2, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, 350.0, 281.0));
+        assert_eq!(a[1], Action::Preview("text.reshapeArea".into(), json!({"id": text.0, "anchors": [[0, 0], [0, 1]], "dx": 0.0, "dy": -20.0})));
+        t.pointer(&cx2, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, 350.0, 281.0));
+        assert!(t.pointer(&cx2, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, 300.0, 340.0)).is_empty());
+        assert!(t.pointer(&cx2, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, 300.0, 340.0)).is_empty());
+        // The selected frame's corners show.
+        assert_eq!(t.overlays(&cx2).iter().filter(|o| matches!(o, Overlay::Anchor { filled: false, .. })).count(), 4);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn click_anchor_selects_it() {
         let (d, id) = doc_with_rect();

crates/tools/src/lib.rs

@@ -477,6 +477,17 @@ pub(crate) mod testutil {
         (d, id)
     }
 
+    /// [`doc_with_rect`] plus 120 × 40 area type at (300, 300).
+    pub fn doc_with_area_type() -> (Document, NodeId) {
+        let (mut d, _) = doc_with_rect();
+        let l = d.layers[0].id;
+        let id = d.alloc_id();
+        let mut t = vectorcraft_doc::TextObject::point(Point::new(300.0, 300.0), "Some words", Default::default());
+        t.kind = vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0)) };
+        d.insert(Some(l), 1, Node::new(id, vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)))).unwrap();
+        (d, id)
+    }
+
     pub fn paint() -> PaintDefaults {
         PaintDefaults::default()
     }

crates/tools/src/select.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 //! bounding-box scale (Shift proportional, Alt from centre) and rotate (outside corners, Shift 45°),
 //! drag a live rectangle's corner widget to round its corners, double-click to enter isolation mode.
 //! The bounding box stands at the selection's own angle after a rotation, so its handles scale
-//! along the objects' axes.
+//! along the objects' axes. A handle drag resizes area type's frame (the type area) instead of
+//! scaling its type: the text reflows at its size.
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::hit::{hit_test, marquee};
@@ -28,6 +29,8 @@ enum State {
     Scaling {
         handle: Handle,
         bx: OrientedBox,
+        /// Area type is selected: its frame resizes (`typeAreas`), its type keeps its size.
+        areas: bool,
     },
     Rotating {
         center: Point,
@@ -129,8 +132,12 @@ impl Tool for SelectionTool {
                 {
                     match box_hit(cx, &bx, p) {
                         Some(BoxHit::Handle(handle)) => {
-                            self.state = State::Scaling { handle, bx };
-                            return vec![Action::Begin("Scale".into())];
+                            let is_area = |id: &NodeId| cx.doc.node(*id).is_some_and(is_area_type);
+                            let areas = cx.selection.objects.iter().any(is_area);
+                            // Only area type: the step resizes type areas; anything else scales.
+                            let label = if areas && cx.selection.objects.iter().all(is_area) { "Resize Type Area" } else { "Scale" };
+                            self.state = State::Scaling { handle, bx, areas };
+                            return vec![Action::Begin(label.into())];
                         }
                         Some(BoxHit::Rotate) => {
                             self.state = State::Rotating { center: bx.center(), start: p };
@@ -196,12 +203,16 @@ impl Tool for SelectionTool {
                 out.push(Action::Preview("object.transform".into(), json!({ "matrix": matrix_json(Affine::translate(d)), "copy": m.alt })));
                 out
             }
-            (PointerKind::Drag, State::Scaling { handle, bx }) => {
+            (PointerKind::Drag, State::Scaling { handle, bx, areas }) => {
                 // Scale in the box's own frame: along the objects' axes when it is rotated.
                 let a = scale_for_drag(bx.rect, handle, bx.to_local(p), m.shift, m.alt);
                 let nr = a.transform_rect_bbox(bx.rect);
                 self.measure = Some((p, cx.size_label(nr.width(), nr.height())));
-                vec![Action::Preview("object.transform".into(), json!({ "matrix": matrix_json(bx.conjugate(a)), "copy": false }))]
+                let mut params = json!({ "matrix": matrix_json(bx.conjugate(a)), "copy": false });
+                if areas {
+                    params["typeAreas"] = json!(true);
+                }
+                vec![Action::Preview("object.transform".into(), params)]
             }
             (PointerKind::Drag, State::Rotating { center, start, .. }) => {
                 let (a, deg) = rotate_for_drag(center, start, p, m.shift);
@@ -271,7 +282,7 @@ impl Tool for SelectionTool {
     fn cursor(&self, cx: &ToolContext, p: Point, m: Mods) -> Cursor {
         match self.state {
             State::Rotating { .. } => return Cursor::Rotate,
-            State::Scaling { handle, bx } => return handle_cursor(handle, bx.angle),
+            State::Scaling { handle, bx, .. } => return handle_cursor(handle, bx.angle),
             State::Moving { began: true, .. } => return Cursor::Arrow,
             State::Corner(_) => return Cursor::CornerRadius,
             _ => {}
@@ -298,6 +309,12 @@ impl Tool for SelectionTool {
     }
 }
 
+/// Is `n` area type (text in a frame) whose frame the tools reshape? Type in perspective isn't:
+/// it transforms whole.
+pub(crate) fn is_area_type(n: &vectorcraft_doc::Node) -> bool {
+    n.perspective.is_none() && matches!(&n.kind, vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Text(t) if matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. }))
+}
+
 /// The resize cursor for handle `h` of a box turned by `angle` (counter-clockwise degrees): the
 /// handle that sits where `h` appears on screen, in 45° steps.
 fn handle_cursor(h: Handle, angle: f64) -> Cursor {
@@ -420,6 +437,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Up, 300.0, 300.0)), vec![Action::Commit]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn handle_drag_on_area_type_resizes_its_frame() {
+        let (d, text) = doc_with_area_type();
+        let p = paint();
+        let mut s = Selection::default();
+        s.add(text);
+        let cx1 = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        let mut t = SelectionTool::default();
+        // Bottom-right handle of the 120 × 40 frame at (300, 300).
+        assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx1, &ev(PointerKind::Down, 420.0, 340.0)), vec![Action::Begin("Resize Type Area".into())]);
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx1, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 460.0, 400.0));
+        assert!(matches!(&a[0], Action::Preview(c, v) if c == "object.transform" && v["typeAreas"] == true), "{a:?}");
+        assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx1, &ev(PointerKind::Up, 460.0, 400.0)), vec![Action::Commit]);
+        // With another object the step is a scale, still resizing the type area.
+        let rect = d.layers[0].children().unwrap()[0].id;
+        s.add(rect);
+        let cx2 = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx2, &ev(PointerKind::Down, 420.0, 340.0)), vec![Action::Begin("Scale".into())]);
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx2, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 460.0, 400.0));
+        assert!(matches!(&a[0], Action::Preview(_, v) if v["typeAreas"] == true), "{a:?}");
+        t.pointer(&cx2, &ev(PointerKind::Up, 460.0, 400.0));
+        // Without area type the drag scales as before.
+        let mut s = Selection::default();
+        s.add(rect);
+        let cx3 = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        t.pointer(&cx3, &ev(PointerKind::Down, 200.0, 200.0));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx3, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 300.0, 300.0));
+        assert!(matches!(&a[0], Action::Preview(_, v) if v.get("typeAreas").is_none()), "{a:?}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn turned_box_handles_turn_and_scale_along_the_object() {
         let (mut d, id) = doc_with_rect();

crates/tools/src/text.rs

@@ -235,19 +235,26 @@ impl TypeTool {
         }
     }
 
-    fn on_up(&mut self, cx: &ToolContext, start: Point) -> Vec<Action> {
+    /// Start editing the type under `p` with the caret there → the actions (ending the previous
+    /// edit, selecting the type); None when no type is under `p`.
+    fn edit_at(&mut self, cx: &ToolContext, p: Point) -> Option<Vec<Action>> {
+        let h = hit_test(cx.doc, p, cx.hit_options())?;
+        let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = cx.doc.node(h.leaf).map(|n| &n.kind) else { return None };
+        let lay = self.layout(t);
+        let byte = vectorcraft_text::hit_byte(&lay, t.xf.inverse() * p);
         let mut out = self.finish(cx);
+        self.start_editing(h.leaf, byte);
+        self.clicks = (Some(p), 1);
+        out.push(Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [h.leaf.0]})));
+        Some(out)
+    }
+
+    fn on_up(&mut self, cx: &ToolContext, start: Point) -> Vec<Action> {
         // Click into existing text: place the caret.
-        if let Some(h) = hit_test(cx.doc, start, cx.hit_options())
-            && let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = cx.doc.node(h.leaf).map(|n| &n.kind)
-        {
-            let lay = self.layout(t);
-            let byte = vectorcraft_text::hit_byte(&lay, t.xf.inverse() * start);
-            self.start_editing(h.leaf, byte);
-            self.clicks = (Some(start), 1);
-            out.push(Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [h.leaf.0]})));
+        if let Some(out) = self.edit_at(cx, start) {
             return out;
         }
+        let mut out = self.finish(cx);
         let drag = self.drag.take();
         // Area Type / Type on a Path: click a path.
         if self.mode != Mode::Type && drag.is_none() {
@@ -264,7 +271,7 @@ impl TypeTool {
         }
         let area = drag.map(|d| Rect::from_points(start, d)).filter(|r| r.width() > cx.tol(6.0) && r.height() > cx.tol(6.0));
         let mut params = match area {
-            Some(r) => json!({"x": r.x0, "y": r.y0 + 12.0, "text": "", "area": {"width": r.width(), "height": r.height()}}),
+            Some(r) => json!({"x": r.x0, "y": r.y0, "text": "", "area": {"width": r.width(), "height": r.height()}}),
             None => json!({"x": start.x, "y": start.y, "text": ""}),
         };
         params["vertical"] = json!(self.vertical);
@@ -357,6 +364,12 @@ impl Tool for TypeTool {
                     return out;
                 }
                 self.clicks = (None, 0);
+                // A press on other type edits it from there, so a drag selects its text at once,
+                // as it does in the type being edited.
+                if let Some(out) = self.edit_at(cx, ev.pos) {
+                    self.selecting = true;
+                    return out;
+                }
                 self.press = Some(ev.pos);
                 self.drag = None;
                 vec![]

crates/tools/src/text_tests.rs

@@ -176,6 +176,33 @@ fn drag_selects_and_overlay_highlights() {
     assert_eq!((opts["start"].as_u64(), opts["end"].as_u64()), (Some(7), Some(9)));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn a_drag_across_type_not_being_edited_selects_its_text() {
+    let (d, id) = doc_with_text("Select me please");
+    let mut tool = TypeTool::new("type");
+    let (sel, p) = (Selection::default(), paint());
+    let c = cx(&d, &sel, &p);
+    let t = TypeTool::text(&c, id).unwrap().clone();
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(FontDb::global(), &t);
+    let pt = |b: usize| {
+        let (a, bb) = vectorcraft_text::caret_position(&lay, b);
+        t.xf * a.midpoint(bb)
+    };
+    let (a, b) = (pt(7), pt(9));
+    // The press starts editing the type and the drag selects, in one gesture.
+    let out = tool.pointer(&c, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, a.x + 0.1, a.y));
+    assert!(out.contains(&Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({"ids": [id.0]}))));
+    tool.pointer(&c, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, b.x + 0.1, b.y));
+    tool.pointer(&c, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, b.x + 0.1, b.y));
+    assert_eq!(tool.editing, Some(id));
+    assert_eq!(tool.sel(), (7, 9));
+    // A plain click still just places the caret.
+    let mut tool = TypeTool::new("type");
+    tool.pointer(&c, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, a.x + 0.1, a.y));
+    tool.pointer(&c, &PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, a.x + 0.1, a.y));
+    assert_eq!((tool.editing, tool.sel()), (Some(id), (7, 7)));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn select_all_and_styled_paste() {
     let (d, _, mut tool) = editing("abc");

crates/tools/src/xform/free.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,27 @@ enum Op {
     Corners(Handle, DistortMode),
 }
 
+impl Op {
+    /// The bounding-box handle being dragged, if any.
+    fn handle(self) -> Option<Handle> {
+        match self {
+            Op::Scale(h) | Op::Shear(h) | Op::Corners(h, _) => Some(h),
+            Op::Move | Op::Rotate => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The undo step's name.
+    fn label(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Op::Move => "Move",
+            Op::Scale(_) => "Scale",
+            Op::Shear(_) => "Shear",
+            Op::Rotate => "Rotate",
+            Op::Corners(..) => "Distort",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 struct Drag {
     op: Op,
@@ -125,22 +146,28 @@ pub fn distort_quad(r: Rect, h: Handle, d: Vec2, mode: DistortMode) -> [Point; 4
 }
 
 impl FreeTransformTool {
+    /// What dragging handle `h` with modifiers `m` does: Cmd on a corner distorts it freely,
+    /// Cmd+Alt+Shift in perspective, Cmd on a side shears; otherwise the tool's mode.
+    fn handle_op(&self, h: Handle, m: Mods) -> Op {
+        let mode = if h.is_corner() && m.cmd && m.alt && m.shift {
+            DistortMode::Perspective
+        } else if h.is_corner() && m.cmd {
+            DistortMode::Distort
+        } else {
+            self.mode
+        };
+        match mode {
+            DistortMode::Free if !h.is_corner() && m.cmd => Op::Shear(h),
+            DistortMode::Free => Op::Scale(h),
+            DistortMode::Perspective if !h.is_corner() => Op::Scale(h),
+            mode => Op::Corners(h, mode),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn classify(&self, cx: &ToolContext, r: Rect, p: Point, m: Mods) -> Option<Op> {
         let tol = cx.tol(5.0);
         if let Some(h) = hit_handle(r, p, tol) {
-            let mode = if h.is_corner() && m.cmd && m.alt && m.shift {
-                DistortMode::Perspective
-            } else if h.is_corner() && m.cmd {
-                DistortMode::Distort
-            } else {
-                self.mode
-            };
-            return Some(match mode {
-                DistortMode::Free if !h.is_corner() && m.cmd => Op::Shear(h),
-                DistortMode::Free => Op::Scale(h),
-                DistortMode::Perspective if !h.is_corner() => Op::Scale(h),
-                mode => Op::Corners(h, mode),
-            });
+            return Some(self.handle_op(h, m));
         }
         if self.mode == DistortMode::Free && in_rotate_zone(r, p, tol, cx.tol(18.0)).is_some() {
             return Some(Op::Rotate);
@@ -205,19 +232,24 @@ impl Tool for FreeTransformTool {
             PointerKind::Drag => {
                 let Some(mut d) = self.drag else { return vec![] };
                 let mut out = vec![];
+                // A handle drag follows the modifiers held now: the gesture is to start dragging
+                // and then hold Cmd (a Cmd press on the canvas is the temporary Selection tool).
+                if let Some(h) = d.op.handle() {
+                    let op = self.handle_op(h, ev.mods);
+                    if d.began && op.label() != d.op.label() {
+                        // Another operation: it gets an undo step of its own.
+                        out.push(Action::Cancel);
+                        out.push(Action::Begin(op.label().into()));
+                    }
+                    d.op = op;
+                }
                 if !d.began {
                     if p.distance(d.start) < cx.tol(2.0) {
+                        self.drag = Some(d);
                         return out;
                     }
                     d.began = true;
-                    let label = match d.op {
-                        Op::Move => "Move",
-                        Op::Scale(_) => "Scale",
-                        Op::Shear(_) => "Shear",
-                        Op::Rotate => "Rotate",
-                        Op::Corners(..) => "Distort",
-                    };
-                    out.push(Action::Begin(label.into()));
+                    out.push(Action::Begin(d.op.label().into()));
                 }
                 self.drag = Some(d);
                 out.push(self.preview(cx, d, p, ev.mods));
@@ -353,6 +385,37 @@ mod tests {
         assert!((m * Point::new(100.0, 100.0)).distance(Point::new(120.0, 100.0)) < 1e-9);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn modifiers_pressed_during_a_handle_drag_change_what_it_does() {
+        let (d, id) = doc_with_rect();
+        let mut s = Selection::default();
+        s.add(id);
+        let p = paint();
+        let cx = cx(&d, &s, &p);
+        let mut t = FreeTransformTool::default();
+        let cmd = Mods { cmd: true, ..Default::default() };
+        let perspective = Mods { cmd: true, alt: true, shift: true, ..Default::default() };
+        // Start dragging the bottom-right corner, then hold Cmd: Free Distort, a step of its own.
+        t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Down, 200.0, 200.0));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 210.0, 210.0));
+        assert_eq!(a[0], Action::Begin("Scale".into()));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 220.0, 230.0).with_mods(cmd));
+        let corners = json!({"corners": [[100.0, 100.0], [200.0, 100.0], [220.0, 230.0], [100.0, 200.0]], "from": [100.0, 100.0, 200.0, 200.0]});
+        assert_eq!(a, vec![Action::Cancel, Action::Begin("Distort".into()), Action::Preview("object.distort".into(), corners)]);
+        // Cmd+Alt+Shift: Perspective Distort, still the same step.
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 220.0, 230.0).with_mods(perspective));
+        assert!(matches!(&a[..], [Action::Preview(c, _)] if c == "object.distort"), "{a:?}");
+        // Letting go of the keys scales again.
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 220.0, 230.0));
+        assert_eq!(a[..2], [Action::Cancel, Action::Begin("Scale".into())]);
+        assert_eq!(t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Up, 220.0, 230.0)), vec![Action::Commit]);
+        // Cmd held during a side handle's drag shears.
+        t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Down, 150.0, 100.0));
+        t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 155.0, 100.0));
+        let a = t.pointer(&cx, &ev(PointerKind::Drag, 170.0, 100.0).with_mods(cmd));
+        assert_eq!(a[..2], [Action::Cancel, Action::Begin("Shear".into())]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn distort_modes_emit_corners() {
         let (d, id) = doc_with_rect();

crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs

@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ fn temp_tool_id() -> egui::Id {
     egui::Id::new("canvas-temp-tool")
 }
 
+/// Selection, Direct Selection and Group Selection: the tools Cmd switches to for a drag.
+pub(crate) fn is_selection_tool(id: &str) -> bool {
+    matches!(id, "selection" | "directSelection" | "groupSelection")
+}
+
 /// The pen pressure (0..1) of the press in progress: the force of this frame's pen or touch
 /// input, else the last one seen since the press (`pressed`: a new press, whose mouse has none
 /// until a pen reports it). A mouse presses fully (1).
@@ -120,12 +125,14 @@ pub fn fit(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, how: &str) {
         }
         return;
     };
+    let current = app.view().map_or(0, |v| v.artboard);
     let Some(st) = app.session.active() else { return };
     let target = match how {
         "view.fitAll" => {
             st.doc.art_bounds().map(|a| st.doc.artboards.iter().fold(a, |r, ab| r.union(ab.rect))).or(st.doc.artboards.first().map(|a| a.rect))
         }
-        _ => st.doc.artboards.first().map(|a| a.rect),
+        // The navigator's artboard (the first if it has gone).
+        _ => st.doc.artboards.get(current).or(st.doc.artboards.first()).map(|a| a.rect),
     };
     let Some(target) = target else { return };
     let Some(v) = app.view_mut() else { return };
@@ -342,6 +349,7 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
 
     if app.ui.view.rulers && app.ui.screen_mode < 3 {
         rulers(ui, full, &xf, app.hover_doc, app.session.general_unit(), &t);
+        ruler_guides(app, ui, full, rect, &xf, &t);
     }
     if app.ui.task_bar && !app.session.tool_busy() && app.ui.screen_mode < 3 {
         task_bar(app, ui, &xf);
@@ -351,12 +359,13 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         let m = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers);
         let space = ui.input(|i| i.key_down(egui::Key::Space));
         let panning = matches!(ui.data(|d| d.get_temp::<Drag>(drag_id())), Some(Drag::Pan { .. }));
+        let zooming = if space { m.command } else { app.session.tool_id() == "zoom" };
         let cur = if panning {
             egui::CursorIcon::Grabbing
+        } else if zooming {
+            if m.alt { egui::CursorIcon::ZoomOut } else { egui::CursorIcon::ZoomIn }
         } else if space || app.session.tool_id() == "hand" {
             egui::CursorIcon::Grab
-        } else if app.session.tool_id() == "zoom" {
-            if m.alt { egui::CursorIcon::ZoomOut } else { egui::CursorIcon::ZoomIn }
         } else if let Some(p) = app.hover_doc {
             let c = app.session.cursor(p, mods(m, space), view_info);
             let painter = ui.ctx().layer_painter(egui::LayerId::new(egui::Order::Tooltip, egui::Id::new("tool-cursor")));
@@ -442,7 +451,10 @@ fn handle_input(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, resp: &egui::Response, rect:
     }
 
     let tool = app.session.tool_id();
-    let pan_mode = space || tool == "hand";
+    // Held, Space is the Hand tool for the moment, and Cmd+Space the Zoom tool (with Alt, zooming
+    // out), whatever the tool.
+    let zoom_mode = if space { m.command } else { tool == "zoom" };
+    let pan_mode = if space { !m.command } else { tool == "hand" };
     let middle_pan = matches!(drag, Some(Drag::Pan { middle: true, .. }));
     // egui counts a press a few pixels outside the canvas as on it (its interaction radius): only a
     // press on the canvas itself reaches the tools, else it would land at the canvas's centre.
@@ -453,19 +465,20 @@ fn handle_input(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, resp: &egui::Response, rect:
     {
         ui.ctx().memory_mut(|mem| mem.stop_text_input());
         app.ui.flyout = None;
-        let d = if pan_mode {
-            Drag::Pan { start: p, center: v.center, middle: false }
-        } else if tool == "zoom" {
+        let d = if zoom_mode {
             Drag::ZoomBox { start: p }
+        } else if pan_mode {
+            Drag::Pan { start: p, center: v.center, middle: false }
         } else if tool == "rotateView" {
             let c = rect.center();
             Drag::RotateView { start_angle: (p.y - c.y).atan2(p.x - c.x) as f64, start_rot: v.rotation }
         } else {
-            let selection_family = matches!(tool, "selection" | "directSelection" | "groupSelection");
             let mut kind = Drag::Tool;
-            if m.command && !selection_family {
+            // Cmd with another tool: drag with the selection tool used last.
+            if m.command && !is_selection_tool(tool) {
                 ui.data_mut(|d| d.insert_temp(temp_tool_id(), tool.to_string()));
-                app.select_tool("selection");
+                let last = app.ui.last_selection_tool.clone();
+                app.select_tool(if is_selection_tool(&last) { &last } else { "selection" });
                 kind = Drag::TempSelect;
             }
             let ev = PointerEvent { kind: PointerKind::Down, pos: xf.to_doc(p), mods: mods(m, space), pressure: pen_pressure(ui, true) };
@@ -563,7 +576,15 @@ fn handle_input(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, resp: &egui::Response, rect:
         && let Some(p) = hover
     {
         let ev = PointerEvent { kind: PointerKind::DoubleClick, pos: xf.to_doc(p), mods: mods(m, space), pressure: 1.0 };
+        let before = app.session.tool_id().to_string();
         dispatch(app, &ev, view);
+        // A double-click on type switched a selection tool to the Type tool: the caret goes where
+        // the type was clicked, so typing edits it at once.
+        if before != "type" && app.session.tool_id() == "type" {
+            for kind in [PointerKind::Down, PointerKind::Up] {
+                dispatch(app, &PointerEvent { kind, ..ev }, view);
+            }
+        }
     }
     if drag.is_some() || pointer.is_moving() {
         ui.ctx().request_repaint();
@@ -680,11 +701,39 @@ pub(crate) fn ruler_label(v: f64, step: f64) -> String {
 }
 
 /// The rulers, numbered in `unit` (the General unit).
-fn rulers(ui: &Ui, full: egui::Rect, xf: &Xf, hover: Option<Point>, unit: Unit, t: &Tokens) {
-    let p = ui.painter();
+/// The top ruler, the left ruler and the box where they meet.
+fn ruler_rects(full: egui::Rect) -> [egui::Rect; 3] {
     let top = egui::Rect::from_min_max(pos2(full.left() + RULER, full.top()), pos2(full.right(), full.top() + RULER));
     let left = egui::Rect::from_min_max(pos2(full.left(), full.top() + RULER), pos2(full.left() + RULER, full.bottom()));
-    let corner = egui::Rect::from_min_size(full.min, vec2(RULER, RULER));
+    [top, left, egui::Rect::from_min_size(full.min, vec2(RULER, RULER))]
+}
+
+/// A drag from a ruler onto the canvas makes a guide where the button is released: a horizontal
+/// one from the top ruler, a vertical one from the left ruler. Released anywhere else, it makes
+/// none.
+fn ruler_guides(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, full: egui::Rect, canvas: egui::Rect, xf: &Xf, t: &Tokens) {
+    let [top, left, _] = ruler_rects(full);
+    for (r, vertical, id) in [(top, false, "ruler-top"), (left, true, "ruler-left")] {
+        let resp = ui.interact(r, egui::Id::new(id), Sense::drag());
+        let Some(p) = resp.interact_pointer_pos().filter(|p| canvas.contains(*p)) else { continue };
+        if resp.drag_stopped() {
+            let d = xf.to_doc(p);
+            // The new guide shows even if guides were hidden.
+            app.ui.view.guides = true;
+            if let Err(e) = app.run("guide.add", json!({ "vertical": vertical, "pos": if vertical { d.x } else { d.y } })) {
+                app.status(e);
+            }
+        } else if resp.dragged() {
+            let line =
+                if vertical { [pos2(p.x, canvas.top()), pos2(p.x, canvas.bottom())] } else { [pos2(canvas.left(), p.y), pos2(canvas.right(), p.y)] };
+            ui.painter_at(canvas).line_segment(line, Stroke::new(1.0, t.guide));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn rulers(ui: &Ui, full: egui::Rect, xf: &Xf, hover: Option<Point>, unit: Unit, t: &Tokens) {
+    let p = ui.painter();
+    let [top, left, corner] = ruler_rects(full);
     for r in [top, left, corner] {
         p.rect_filled(r, 0.0, t.ruler);
     }
@@ -798,11 +847,18 @@ fn c32(rgb: [u8; 3]) -> Color32 {
     Color32::from_rgb(rgb[0], rgb[1], rgb[2])
 }
 
-/// Outline of a node for highlighting (paths, compound children, text/image bounds).
+/// Outline of a node for highlighting (paths, compound children, area type frames, other
+/// text/image bounds).
 fn node_outline(n: &Node) -> BezPath {
     let mut bp = BezPath::new();
     walk_drawn(n, &mut |c| match &c.kind {
         NodeKind::Path { path, .. } => bp.extend(path.to_bezpath()),
+        // Area type shows its frame: the type area Direct Selection reshapes.
+        NodeKind::Text(t) if c.perspective.is_none() && matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. }) => {
+            if let Some(frame) = t.area_frame() {
+                bp.extend(frame.to_bezpath());
+            }
+        }
         NodeKind::Text(_) | NodeKind::Image(_) | NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. } => {
             if let Some(b) = c.geometric_bounds() {
                 bp.extend(vectorcraft_geom::shapes::rectangle(b).to_bezpath());
@@ -870,6 +926,14 @@ fn panel_drop(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, resp: &egui::Response, xf: &Xf)
         return;
     }
     let Some(d) = resp.dnd_release_payload::<widgets::PanelDrag>() else { return };
+    // A symbol from the Symbols panel: an instance centred where it is dropped, on art or not.
+    if let widgets::PanelDrag::Symbol(name) = &*d {
+        let at = xf.to_doc(pos);
+        if let Err(e) = app.run("symbol.place", json!({"name": name, "x": at.x, "y": at.y})) {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
     let Some(hit) = hit_at(app, xf.to_doc(pos), xf.zoom) else { return };
     let Some(st) = app.session.active() else { return };
     let (cmd, params) = match &*d {
@@ -894,8 +958,9 @@ fn panel_drop(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &Ui, resp: &egui::Response, xf: &Xf)
             let add = ui.input(|i| i.modifiers.alt);
             ("graphicStyle.apply", json!({"name": name, "ids": [hit.top_object(st.isolation).0], "add": add}))
         }
-        // Art dragged back onto the canvas: its move was already dropped.
-        widgets::PanelDrag::Art(_) => return,
+        // Art dragged back onto the canvas: its move was already dropped. (A symbol was placed
+        // above.)
+        widgets::PanelDrag::Art(_) | widgets::PanelDrag::Symbol(_) => return,
     };
     if let Err(e) = app.run(cmd, params) {
         app.status(e);
@@ -1131,8 +1196,10 @@ fn selection_overlay(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, p: &egui::Painter, xf: &Xf) {
         {
             anchor_square(p, xf.to_screen(b.center()), color, true, 4.0);
         }
-        // Text: baseline marker.
-        if let NodeKind::Text(tx) = &n.kind {
+        // Text: baseline marker (area type shows its frame instead, which may not be a rectangle).
+        if let NodeKind::Text(tx) = &n.kind
+            && !matches!(tx.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. })
+        {
             let o = xf.to_screen(tx.xf * Point::ZERO);
             let b = n.geometric_bounds().unwrap_or_default();
             let e = xf.to_screen(Point::new(b.x1, (tx.xf * Point::ZERO).y));
@@ -1475,6 +1542,181 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(selected(&app), vec![vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)]);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_drag_from_a_ruler_onto_the_canvas_makes_a_guide() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+        app.ui.view.rulers = true;
+        app.ui.view.guides = false;
+        // A drawing tool: the drag must not draw.
+        app.select_tool("rectangle");
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        let rect = app.canvas_rect.unwrap();
+        let xf = Xf::new(rect, app.view().unwrap());
+        let button = |pos, pressed| egui::Event::PointerButton { pos, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: Default::default() };
+        let drag = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, from: Pos2, to: Pos2| {
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(from)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![button(from, true)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(to)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![button(to, false)]);
+        };
+        let guides = |app: &VectorcraftApp| app.session.active().unwrap().doc.guides.iter().map(|g| (g.vertical, g.pos)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        // From the top ruler: a horizontal guide where the button was released.
+        let to = pos2(rect.center().x, rect.top() + 120.0);
+        drag(&mut app, pos2(rect.center().x, rect.top() - RULER / 2.0), to);
+        assert_eq!(guides(&app), [(false, xf.to_doc(to).y)]);
+        assert!(app.ui.view.guides, "the new guide shows");
+        // From the left ruler: a vertical one.
+        let to2 = pos2(rect.left() + 200.0, rect.center().y);
+        drag(&mut app, pos2(rect.left() - RULER / 2.0, rect.center().y), to2);
+        assert_eq!(guides(&app), [(false, xf.to_doc(to).y), (true, xf.to_doc(to2).x)]);
+        // Released back on the ruler: no guide.
+        drag(&mut app, pos2(rect.center().x, rect.top() - RULER / 2.0), pos2(rect.center().x + 40.0, rect.top() - 4.0));
+        assert_eq!(guides(&app).len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().doc.art_bounds(), None, "the tool drew nothing");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cmd_with_another_tool_drags_with_the_selection_tool_used_last() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+        let id = app.session.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 100, "y": 100, "width": 100, "height": 50})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        let xf = Xf::new(app.canvas_rect.unwrap(), app.view().unwrap());
+        let cmd_frame = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, events: Vec<egui::Event>| {
+            let screen = egui::Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(800.0, 600.0));
+            let events = std::iter::once(egui::Event::ModifiersChanged(egui::Modifiers::COMMAND)).chain(events).collect();
+            let raw = egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(screen), events, ..Default::default() };
+            let mut out = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| show(app, ui));
+            out.textures_delta.clear();
+        };
+        let button =
+            |pos, pressed| egui::Event::PointerButton { pos, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: egui::Modifiers::COMMAND };
+        // A Cmd drag from `a` to `b` with the Pen tool; → the tool that did it.
+        let cmd_drag = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, a: Pos2, b: Pos2| {
+            app.select_tool("pen");
+            cmd_frame(app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(a), button(a, true)]);
+            let used = app.session.tool_id().to_string();
+            cmd_frame(app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(b)]);
+            cmd_frame(app, vec![button(b, false)]);
+            assert_eq!(app.session.tool_id(), "pen", "back to the Pen tool");
+            used
+        };
+        let bounds = |app: &VectorcraftApp| app.session.active().unwrap().doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)).unwrap().geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+        // Direct Selection used last: the drag moves the rectangle's bottom-right corner only.
+        app.select_tool("directSelection");
+        let corner = xf.to_screen(Point::new(200.0, 150.0));
+        assert_eq!(cmd_drag(&mut app, corner, corner + vec2(20.0, 20.0)), "directSelection");
+        let b = bounds(&app);
+        assert_eq!((b.x0, b.y0), (100.0, 100.0));
+        assert!((b.x1 - xf.to_doc(corner + vec2(20.0, 20.0)).x).abs() < 1e-6, "{b:?}");
+        // Group Selection, then Selection: each is the one used.
+        app.select_tool("groupSelection");
+        let inside = xf.to_screen(Point::new(130.0, 120.0));
+        assert_eq!(cmd_drag(&mut app, inside, inside), "groupSelection");
+        app.select_tool("selection");
+        assert_eq!(cmd_drag(&mut app, inside, inside), "selection");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cmd_space_zooms_and_space_pans_whatever_the_tool() {
+        use egui::{Event, Modifiers};
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+        app.select_tool("rectangle");
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        let at = app.canvas_rect.unwrap().center();
+        let space = |pressed, modifiers| Event::Key { key: egui::Key::Space, physical_key: None, pressed, repeat: false, modifiers };
+        let button = |pos, pressed, modifiers| Event::PointerButton { pos, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers };
+        // A drag from `at` to `to` with Space and `held` down.
+        let drag = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, held: Modifiers, to: Pos2| {
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![Event::ModifiersChanged(held), space(true, held), Event::PointerMoved(at)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![button(at, true, held)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![Event::PointerMoved(to)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![button(to, false, held)]);
+            frame(app, &ctx, vec![space(false, held), Event::ModifiersChanged(Modifiers::NONE)]);
+        };
+        let z0 = app.view().unwrap().zoom;
+        drag(&mut app, Modifiers::COMMAND, at);
+        let z1 = app.view().unwrap().zoom;
+        assert_eq!(z1, crate::state::next_zoom(z0, true), "Cmd+Space click zooms in");
+        drag(&mut app, Modifiers::COMMAND | Modifiers::ALT, at);
+        assert_eq!(app.view().unwrap().zoom, crate::state::next_zoom(z1, false), "Cmd+Alt+Space click zooms out");
+        assert_eq!(app.session.active().unwrap().doc.art_bounds(), None, "the Rectangle tool drew nothing");
+        // Space alone pans, with the Zoom tool too.
+        app.select_tool("zoom");
+        let before = *app.view().unwrap();
+        drag(&mut app, Modifiers::NONE, at + vec2(30.0, 0.0));
+        let after = *app.view().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(after.zoom, before.zoom);
+        assert!((after.center.x - (before.center.x - 30.0 / before.zoom)).abs() < 1e-6, "{before:?} → {after:?}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn double_clicking_type_with_the_selection_tool_puts_the_caret_there() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+        let id = app.session.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 100, "y": 150, "text": "Hello world", "size": 24})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("select.none", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.select_tool("selection");
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let timed = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, time: f64, events: Vec<egui::Event>| {
+            let screen = egui::Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(800.0, 600.0));
+            let mut out =
+                ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(screen), time: Some(time), events, ..Default::default() }, |ui| show(app, ui));
+            out.textures_delta.clear();
+        };
+        timed(&mut app, 0.0, vec![]);
+        let xf = Xf::new(app.canvas_rect.unwrap(), app.view().unwrap());
+        let text = |app: &VectorcraftApp| match &app.session.active().unwrap().doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind {
+            NodeKind::Text(t) => t.plain_text(),
+            _ => panic!("not text"),
+        };
+        // Double-click the middle of the text.
+        let b = app.session.active().unwrap().doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)).unwrap().geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+        let at = xf.to_screen(b.center());
+        let button = |pressed| egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: Default::default() };
+        timed(&mut app, 1.0, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(at), button(true), button(false), button(true), button(false)]);
+        timed(&mut app, 1.1, vec![]);
+        // The Type tool edits the text, with the caret inside it, where it was clicked: typing goes
+        // into the text, not to tool shortcuts (X would swap fill and stroke).
+        assert_eq!(app.session.tool_id(), "type");
+        assert!(app.session.tool_wants_text());
+        let o = app.session.tool_options();
+        assert_eq!(o["editing"], json!(id));
+        let caret = o["caret"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        assert!((1..11).contains(&caret), "caret {caret}");
+        app.session.tool_text("X", app.view_info()).unwrap();
+        let t = text(&app);
+        assert_eq!((t.len(), t.find('X')), (12, Some(caret as usize)), "{t}");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_symbol_dropped_on_the_canvas_is_placed_there() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 300})).unwrap();
+        app.session.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 40, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+        let name = app.session.execute("symbol.new", &json!({})).unwrap()["name"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+        app.session.execute("select.none", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        let xf = Xf::new(app.canvas_rect.unwrap(), app.view().unwrap());
+        // Released over empty canvas: an instance centred there.
+        let at = xf.to_screen(Point::new(250.0, 180.0));
+        egui::DragAndDrop::set_payload(&ctx, widgets::PanelDrag::Symbol(name.clone()));
+        let up = egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed: false, modifiers: Default::default() };
+        frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(at), up]);
+        let st = app.session.active().unwrap();
+        let placed = st.selection.objects.first().copied().unwrap();
+        let n = st.doc.node(placed).unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(&n.kind, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } if *symbol == name));
+        let c = n.geometric_bounds().unwrap().center();
+        assert!((c - xf.to_doc(at)).hypot() < 1e-6, "{c:?}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn middle_drag_pans_the_view_with_any_tool() {
         let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());

crates/ui-egui/src/chrome.rs

@@ -372,13 +372,25 @@ pub fn status_bar(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
                     },
                 );
                 ui.separator();
+                // The artboard navigator: first, previous, the current artboard's number, next, last.
                 let nab = app.session.active().map(|d| d.doc.artboards.len()).unwrap_or(0);
-                for icon in ["chevrons-left", "chevron-left"] {
-                    widgets::icon_button(ui, icon, "", false, 18.0);
+                let cur = app.view().map_or(0, |v| v.artboard).min(nab.saturating_sub(1));
+                let mut go = None;
+                for (icon, to) in [("chevrons-left", "first"), ("chevron-left", "previous")] {
+                    if widgets::icon_button_enabled(ui, icon, "", false, cur > 0, 18.0).clicked() {
+                        go = Some(to);
+                    }
                 }
-                ui.label(egui::RichText::new(if nab > 0 { "1" } else { "–" }).size(11.5));
-                for icon in ["chevron-right", "chevrons-right"] {
-                    widgets::icon_button(ui, icon, "", false, 18.0);
+                ui.label(egui::RichText::new(if nab > 0 { (cur + 1).to_string() } else { "–".into() }).size(11.5));
+                for (icon, to) in [("chevron-right", "next"), ("chevrons-right", "last")] {
+                    if widgets::icon_button_enabled(ui, icon, "", false, cur + 1 < nab, 18.0).clicked() {
+                        go = Some(to);
+                    }
+                }
+                if let Some(to) = go
+                    && let Err(e) = app.run("view.goToArtboard", json!({ "index": to }))
+                {
+                    app.status(e);
                 }
                 ui.separator();
                 let tool = vectorcraft_tools::tool_info(app.session.tool_id())
@@ -667,6 +679,62 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// One headless frame of the status bar; returns the artboard navigator's buttons, left to
+    /// right: first, previous, next, last.
+    fn navigator(app: &mut crate::VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, events: Vec<egui::Event>) -> Vec<egui::Rect> {
+        let screen = egui::Rect::from_min_size(egui::Pos2::ZERO, egui::vec2(1200.0, 300.0));
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(screen), events, ..Default::default() }, |ui| super::status_bar(app, ui));
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        let size = egui::vec2(18.0, 18.0);
+        let mut r: Vec<egui::Rect> =
+            ctx.viewport(|vp| vp.prev_pass.widgets.layers().flat_map(|(_, w)| w.iter()).filter(|w| w.rect.size() == size).map(|w| w.rect).collect());
+        r.sort_by(|a, b| a.left().total_cmp(&b.left()));
+        r
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_artboard_navigator_goes_to_artboards_and_fitting_shows_the_current_one() {
+        use vectorcraft_geom::Point;
+        let mut app = crate::VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        // Three 200 × 100 artboards in a row, centred at x = 100, 320 and 540.
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+        app.run("artboard.new", json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.run("artboard.new", json!({})).unwrap();
+        app.canvas_rect = Some(egui::Rect::from_min_size(egui::Pos2::ZERO, egui::vec2(460.0, 260.0)));
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let buttons = navigator(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        assert_eq!(buttons.len(), 4);
+        let click = |app: &mut crate::VectorcraftApp, r: egui::Rect| {
+            let b = |pressed| egui::Event::PointerButton {
+                pos: r.center(),
+                button: egui::PointerButton::Primary,
+                pressed,
+                modifiers: Default::default(),
+            };
+            navigator(app, &ctx, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(r.center())]);
+            navigator(app, &ctx, vec![b(true)]);
+            navigator(app, &ctx, vec![b(false)]);
+        };
+        let at = |app: &crate::VectorcraftApp| (app.view().unwrap().artboard, app.view().unwrap().center);
+        click(&mut app, buttons[2]);
+        assert_eq!(at(&app), (1, Point::new(320.0, 50.0)), "next");
+        click(&mut app, buttons[3]);
+        assert_eq!(at(&app), (2, Point::new(540.0, 50.0)), "last");
+        click(&mut app, buttons[1]);
+        assert_eq!(at(&app), (1, Point::new(320.0, 50.0)), "previous");
+        // Fit Artboard in Window and Actual Size show the navigator's artboard.
+        app.run("view.setZoom", json!({"zoom": 300, "center": [0, 0]})).unwrap();
+        app.run("view.fitArtboard", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(at(&app), (1, Point::new(320.0, 50.0)));
+        app.run("view.actualSize", json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((at(&app).1, app.view().unwrap().zoom), (Point::new(320.0, 50.0), 1.0));
+        click(&mut app, buttons[0]);
+        assert_eq!(at(&app), (0, Point::new(100.0, 50.0)), "first");
+        // The command also takes an index, clamped to the last artboard.
+        assert_eq!(app.run("view.goToArtboard", json!({"index": 9})), Ok(json!({"index": 2})));
+        assert!(app.run("view.goToArtboard", json!({"index": "sideways"})).is_err());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn the_tab_title_names_the_opacity_mask_while_it_is_edited() {
         let mut s = Session::new();

crates/ui-egui/src/control.rs

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ pub fn inspect(app: &VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) -> Value {
         "documents": app.session.documents().iter().map(|d| json!({"title": d.title(), "dirty": d.is_dirty()})).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
         "activeDocument": app.session.active_index(),
         "perf": {"frameMs": app.perf.frame_ms, "renderMs": app.perf.render_ms, "fps": app.perf.fps},
+        "graphicsAdapter": app.graphics_adapter,
         // Saves and exports still being written in the background (Background Save / Export).
         "background": app.background.jobs.iter().map(|j| j.label.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
     })

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/about.rs

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ pub(super) fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
                 ))
                 .size(11.0),
             );
+            // The GPU the window renders with, for bug reports (Preferences › Performance picks it).
+            if let Some(adapter) = &app.graphics_adapter {
+                ui.add_space(6.0);
+                ui.label(egui::RichText::new(crate::i18n::fmt(tl!("Graphics: {adapter}"), &[("adapter", adapter.as_str())])).size(11.0));
+            }
         });
     app.ui.about = open;
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/command.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn lengths(command: &str) -> &'static [&'static str] {
         "artboard.rearrange" => &["spacing"],
         "perspective.grid.set" => &["cell", "distance"],
         "object.repeat.options" => &["radius", "hSpacing", "vSpacing"],
-        "text.areaOptions" => &["gutter", "inset", "firstBaselineMin"],
+        "text.areaOptions" => &["width", "height", "gutter", "inset", "firstBaselineMin"],
         _ => &[],
     }
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/tests.rs

@@ -274,6 +274,21 @@ fn a_form_dialog_is_as_wide_as_its_fields_not_the_window() {
     assert!(narrow.width() <= 360.0, "{:.0} wide in a 360-point window", narrow.width());
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn menu_parameter_dialogs_are_compact() {
+    // #292: Object › Path › Simplify (and its neighbours) spanned the whole window.
+    for id in ["object.path.simplify", "object.path.offsetPath", "object.move", "object.rotate", "object.path.splitIntoGrid", "path.average"] {
+        let mut app = app();
+        app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap();
+        app.run("select.all", json!({})).unwrap();
+        crate::menus::invoke(&mut app, id, json!({}));
+        assert!(app.ui.dialog.is_some(), "{id} opened no dialog");
+        let wide = dialog_rect(&mut app, 1600.0);
+        eprintln!("{id}: {:.0} × {:.0} in a 1600-point window", wide.width(), wide.height());
+        assert!(wide.width() < 420.0, "{id} is {:.0} wide in a 1600-point window", wide.width());
+    }
+}
+
 /// A list mixing built-in labels with names translates only the built-in entries: names that
 /// happen to be catalog keys ("Black", "Regular") are shown as they are.
 #[test]

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 # common Czech desktop-software conventions (commands in the infinitive, menus as nouns); no other
 # application's Czech localisation was consulted or copied.
 #
-# Coverage: every menu label (tested: `czech_translates_every_menu_label`); panels and dialogs fall
-# back to English. Left in English on purpose (`CZECH_KEEP_AS_IS` in the tests): the product name,
+# Coverage: every menu label (tested: `menu_catalogs_translate_every_menu_label`); panels and dialogs fall
+# back to English. Left in English on purpose (`MENU_KEEP_AS_IS` in the tests): the product name,
 # language names, OpenType, the built-in workspace names and the bracketed perspective grid preset
 # names.
 	About VectorCraft	O aplikaci VectorCraft

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv

@@ -1,42 +1,571 @@
 # Japanese (ja) catalog. Same format as zh-hant.tsv:  context <TAB> source <TAB> translation
 # (empty context = a plain UI string; `@id` = a command id; `@plural` = "one|other" forms).
 #
-# Coverage: the main menus. Untranslated text falls back to English, so rows can be added one at a
-# time; set `complete_menus` in i18n/mod.rs once every menu string and `tl!` literal has a row.
-# Every row's source must be a string the UI shows (menu label or `tl!` literal): tested.
-	Copy	コピー
-	Color	カラー
-	Cut	切り取り
-	Deselect	選択を解除
-	Edit	編集
-	Effect	効果
-	Export	書き出し
-	Export As…	形式を指定して書き出し…
-	File	ファイル
-	Help	ヘルプ
-	History	履歴
-	Horizontal	横書き
+# Clean-room: menu and feature names follow the names Japanese users of vector illustration
+# software know, written from the meaning of VectorCraft's English labels; no other application's
+# Japanese localisation was copied. Toggles read as their action (「…を表示」「…を隠す」).
+#
+# Coverage: every menu label (tested: `menu_catalogs_translate_every_menu_label`); panels and
+# dialogs fall back to English. Left in English on purpose (`MENU_KEEP_AS_IS` in the tests): the
+# product name, language names, OpenType, the built-in workspace names and the bracketed perspective
+# grid preset names. Set `complete_menus` in i18n/mod.rs once every `tl!` literal has a row too.
+	About VectorCraft	VectorCraft について
+	Join Our Discord	Discord に参加
+	Settings…	環境設定…
 	Language	表示言語
-	Layers	レイヤー
+	UI Brightness	UI の明るさ
+	Dark	暗い
+	Medium Dark	やや暗い
+	Medium Light	やや明るい
+	Light	明るい
+	Quit VectorCraft	VectorCraft を終了
+	File	ファイル
 	New…	新規…
-	Object	オブジェクト
+	New from Template…	テンプレートから新規…
 	Open…	開く…
-	Paste	貼り付け
-	Preferences…	環境設定…
-	Print…	印刷…
-	Properties	プロパティ
-	Redo	やり直し
-	Revert	保存済みの状態に戻す
+	Open Recent Files	最近使用したファイルを開く
+	Clear Recent Files	最近使用したファイルを消去
+	Show in Folder	フォルダーに表示
+	Close	閉じる
+	Close All	すべてを閉じる
 	Save	保存
 	Save As…	別名で保存…
-	Select	選択
-	Settings…	環境設定…
-	Tools	ツール
-	Type	書式
-	Type Orientation	組み方向
+	Save a Copy…	コピーを保存…
+	Save as Template…	テンプレートとして保存…
+	Save as PDF…	PDF として保存…
+	Save for Office Documents…	Office 用に保存…
+	Revert	保存済みの状態に戻す
+	Place…	配置…
+	Export	書き出し
+	Export for Screens…	スクリーン用に書き出し…
+	Export As…	形式を指定して書き出し…
+	Export As SVG…	SVG として書き出し…
+	Export As PNG…	PNG として書き出し…
+	Save for Web (Legacy)…	Web 用に保存…
+	Export Selection…	選択範囲を書き出し…
+	Package…	パッケージ…
+	Scripts	スクリプト
+	Other Script…	その他のスクリプト…
+	Document Setup…	ドキュメント設定…
+	Document Color Mode	ドキュメントのカラーモード
+	CMYK Color	CMYK カラー
+	RGB Color	RGB カラー
+	File Info…	ファイル情報…
+	Print…	印刷…
+	Edit	編集
 	Undo	取り消し
+	Redo	やり直し
+	Cut	切り取り
+	Copy	コピー
+	Paste	貼り付け
+	Paste in Front	前面へペースト
+	Paste in Back	背面へペースト
+	Paste in Place	同じ位置にペースト
+	Paste on All Artboards	すべてのアートボードにペースト
+	Paste without Formatting	書式なしでペースト
+	Clear	消去
+	Find and Replace…	検索と置換…
+	Find Next	次を検索
+	Spelling	スペルチェック
+	Auto Spell Check	自動スペルチェック
+	Check Spelling…	スペルチェック…
+	Edit Custom Dictionary…	カスタム辞書を編集…
+	Edit Colors	カラーを編集
+	Recolor Artwork…	オブジェクトを再配色…
+	Recolor with Preset	プリセットで再配色
+	1 Color Job…	1 色ジョブ…
+	2 Color Job…	2 色ジョブ…
+	3 Color Job…	3 色ジョブ…
+	Color Library…	カラーライブラリ…
+	Adjust Color Balance…	カラーバランス調整…
+	Blend Front to Back	前後にブレンド
+	Blend Horizontally	左右にブレンド
+	Blend Vertically	上下にブレンド
+	Convert to CMYK	CMYK に変換
+	Convert to Grayscale	グレースケールに変換
+	Convert to RGB	RGB に変換
+	Invert Colors	カラー反転
+	Overprint Black…	オーバープリントブラック…
+	Saturate…	彩度調整…
+	Edit Original	オリジナルを編集
+	Transparency Flattener Presets…	透明の分割・統合プリセット…
+	Print Presets…	プリントプリセット…
+	PDF Presets…	PDF プリセット…
+	Perspective Grid Presets…	遠近グリッドプリセット…
+	Color Settings…	カラー設定…
+	Assign Profile…	プロファイルの指定…
+	Keyboard Shortcuts…	キーボードショートカット…
+	Preferences…	環境設定…
+	Object	オブジェクト
+	Transform	変形
+	Transform Again	変形の繰り返し
+	Move…	移動…
+	Rotate…	回転…
+	Reflect…	リフレクト…
+	Scale…	拡大・縮小…
+	Shear…	シアー…
+	Transform Each…	個別に変形…
+	Reset Bounding Box	バウンディングボックスのリセット
+	Arrange	重ね順
+	Bring to Front	最前面へ
+	Bring Forward	前面へ
+	Send Backward	背面へ
+	Send to Back	最背面へ
+	Send to Current Layer	現在のレイヤーへ送る
+	Align	整列
+	Horizontal Align Left	水平方向左に整列
+	Horizontal Align Center	水平方向中央に整列
+	Horizontal Align Right	水平方向右に整列
+	Vertical Align Top	垂直方向上に整列
+	Vertical Align Center	垂直方向中央に整列
+	Vertical Align Bottom	垂直方向下に整列
+	Group	グループ
+	Ungroup	グループ解除
+	Lock	ロック
+	Selection	選択
+	All Artwork Above	前面のすべてのアートワーク
+	Other Layers	その他のレイヤー
+	Unlock All	すべてをロック解除
+	Hide	隠す
+	Show All	すべてを表示
+	Expand…	分割・拡張…
+	Expand Appearance	アピアランスを分割
+	Crop Image	画像の切り抜き
+	Rasterize…	ラスタライズ…
+	Create Gradient Mesh…	グラデーションメッシュを作成…
+	Create Object Mosaic…	モザイクオブジェクトを作成…
+	Vector Halftone…	ベクターハーフトーン…
+	Create Trim Marks	トリムマークを作成
+	Flatten Transparency…	透明部分を分割・統合…
+	Make Pixel Perfect	ピクセルグリッドに最適化
+	Slice	スライス
+	Make	作成
+	Release	解除
+	Create from Guides	ガイドから作成
+	Create from Selection	選択範囲から作成
+	Duplicate Slice	スライスを複製
+	Combine Slices	スライスを結合
+	Divide Slices…	スライスを分割…
+	Delete All	すべてを削除
+	Slice Options…	スライスオプション…
+	Clip to Artboard	アートボードサイズでクリップ
+	Path	パス
+	Join	連結
+	Average…	平均…
+	Outline Stroke	パスのアウトライン
+	Offset Path…	パスのオフセット…
+	Reverse Path Direction	パスの方向反転
+	Simplify…	単純化…
+	Add Anchor Points	アンカーポイントの追加
+	Remove Anchor Points	アンカーポイントの削除
+	Divide Objects Below	背面のオブジェクトで型抜き
+	Split Into Grid…	グリッドに分割…
+	Clean Up…	余分なポイントを削除…
+	Shape	シェイプ
+	Convert to Shape	シェイプに変換
+	Expand Shape	シェイプを拡張
+	Pattern	パターン
+	Edit Pattern	パターンを編集
+	Tile Edge Color…	タイルの境界線のカラー…
+	Repeat	リピート
+	Radial	ラジアル
+	Grid	グリッド
+	Mirror	ミラー
+	Options…	オプション…
+	Blend	ブレンド
+	Blend Options…	ブレンドオプション…
+	Expand	拡張
+	Replace Spine	ブレンド軸を置き換え
+	Reverse Spine	ブレンド軸を反転
+	Reverse Front to Back	前後を反転
+	Envelope Distort	エンベロープ
+	Make with Warp…	ワープで作成…
+	Reset with Warp…	ワープでリセット…
+	Make with Mesh…	メッシュで作成…
+	Reset with Mesh…	メッシュでリセット…
+	Make with Top Object	最前面のオブジェクトで作成
+	Envelope Options…	エンベロープオプション…
+	Edit Contents	内容を編集
+	Perspective	遠近
+	Attach to Active Plane	現在の面に配置
+	Release with Perspective	遠近を解除
+	Move Plane to Match Object	オブジェクトに合わせて面を移動
+	Edit Text	テキストを編集
+	Live Paint	ライブペイント
+	Merge	結合
+	Gap Options…	間隔オプション…
+	Image Trace	画像トレース
+	Make…	作成…
+	Make and Expand…	作成して拡張…
+	Text Wrap	テキストの回り込み
+	Text Wrap Options…	テキストの回り込みオプション…
+	Clipping Mask	クリッピングマスク
+	Edit Clipping Path	クリッピングパスを編集
+	Compound Path	複合パス
+	Artboards	アートボード
+	Convert to Artboards	アートボードに変換
+	Rearrange All Artboards…	すべてのアートボードを再配置…
+	Fit to Artwork Bounds	アートワーク境界に合わせる
+	Fit to Selected Art	選択オブジェクトに合わせる
+	Graph	グラフ
+	Type…	種類…
+	Data…	データ…
+	Design…	デザイン…
+	Column…	棒グラフ…
+	Marker…	マーカー…
+	Collect for Export	書き出し用に追加
+	As Single Asset	単一アセットとして
+	As Multiple Assets	複数アセットとして
+	Plug-ins	プラグイン
+	No filter plug-ins installed	フィルタープラグインはインストールされていません
+	Install Plug-in…	プラグインをインストール…
+	Reload Plug-ins	プラグインを再読み込み
+	Type	書式
+	Font	フォント
+	Recent Fonts	最近使用したフォント
+	Size	サイズ
+	Glyphs	字形
+	Insert Special Character	特殊文字を挿入
+	Bullet	箇条書き記号
+	Copyright Symbol	著作権記号
+	Ellipsis	省略記号
+	Paragraph Symbol	段落記号
+	Registered Trademark Symbol	登録商標記号
+	Section Symbol	セクション記号
+	Trademark Symbol	商標記号
+	Em Dash	EM ダッシュ
+	En Dash	EN ダッシュ
+	Discretionary Hyphen	任意ハイフン
+	Nonbreaking Hyphen	分散禁止ハイフン
+	Double Left Quotation Marks	左二重引用符
+	Double Right Quotation Marks	右二重引用符
+	Single Left Quotation Mark	左一重引用符
+	Single Right Quotation Mark	右一重引用符
+	Insert Whitespace Character	空白文字を挿入
+	Em Space	EM スペース
+	En Space	EN スペース
+	Hair Space	極細スペース
+	Sixth Space	1/6 スペース
+	Thin Space	細いスペース
+	Nonbreaking Space	改行なしスペース
+	Figure Space	数字スペース
+	Punctuation Space	句読点スペース
+	Third Space	1/3 スペース
+	Quarter Space	1/4 スペース
+	Insert Break Character	分割文字を挿入
+	Forced Line Break	強制改行
+	Tab	タブ
+	Convert To Area Type	エリア内文字に切り換え
+	Convert To Point Type	ポイント文字に切り換え
+	Area Type Options…	エリア内文字オプション…
+	Type on a Path	パス上文字オプション
+	Rainbow	虹
+	Skew	歪み
+	3D Ribbon	3D リボン
+	Stair Step	階段
+	Gravity	引力
+	Type on a Path Options…	パス上文字オプション…
+	Threaded Text	スレッドテキストオプション
+	Create	作成
+	Release Selection	選択部分をリリース
+	Remove Threading	スレッドを解除
+	Fit Headline	ヘッドラインを合わせる
+	Find Font…	フォントの検索と置換…
+	Change Case	大文字と小文字の変更
+	UPPERCASE	すべて大文字
+	lowercase	すべて小文字
+	Title Case	単語の先頭のみ大文字
+	Sentence case	文頭のみ大文字
+	Smart Punctuation…	欧文用字形の自動置換…
+	Create Outlines	アウトラインを作成
+	Optical Margin Alignment	最適なマージン揃え
+	Fill with Placeholder Text	サンプルテキストの割り付け
+	Show Hidden Characters	制御文字を表示
+	Type Orientation	組み方向
+	Horizontal	横書き
 	Vertical	縦書き
+	Select	選択
+	All	すべてを選択
+	All on Active Artboard	作業アートボードのすべてを選択
+	Deselect	選択を解除
+	Reselect	再選択
+	Inverse	選択範囲を反転
+	Next Object Above	前面のオブジェクト
+	Next Object Below	背面のオブジェクト
+	Same	共通
+	Appearance	アピアランス
+	Appearance Attribute	アピアランス属性
+	Blending Mode	描画モード
+	Fill & Stroke	塗りと線
+	Fill Color	カラー (塗り)
+	Opacity	不透明度
+	Stroke Color	カラー (線)
+	Stroke Weight	線幅
+	Graphic Style	グラフィックスタイル
+	Symbol Instance	シンボルインスタンス
+	Font Family	フォントファミリー
+	Font Family & Style	フォントファミリー (スタイル)
+	Font Family, Style & Size	フォントファミリー (スタイルとサイズ)
+	Font Size	フォントサイズ
+	Text Fill Color	テキストカラー (塗り)
+	Text Stroke Color	テキストカラー (線)
+	All on Same Layers	同じレイヤー上のすべて
+	Direction Handles	方向線ハンドル
+	Brush Strokes	ブラシストローク
+	Bristle Brush Strokes	絵筆ブラシストローク
+	Clipping Masks	クリッピングマスク
+	Slices	スライス
+	Stray Points	余分なポイント
+	Open Paths	オープンパス
+	All Text Objects	すべてのテキストオブジェクト
+	Point Text Objects	ポイント文字オブジェクト
+	Area Text Objects	エリア内文字オブジェクト
+	Start Global Edit	グローバル編集を開始
+	Save Selection…	選択範囲を保存…
+	Edit Selection…	選択範囲を編集…
+	Effect	効果
+	Apply Last Effect	前回の効果を適用
+	Last Effect…	前回の効果…
+	Document Raster Effects Settings…	ドキュメントのラスタライズ効果設定…
+	Vector Effects	ベクター効果
+	3D and Materials	3D とマテリアル
+	Extrude & Bevel…	押し出しとベベル…
+	Revolve…	回転体…
+	Inflate…	膨張…
+	Materials…	マテリアル…
+	Color Adjustments	色調補正
+	Brightness/Contrast…	明るさ・コントラスト…
+	Curves…	トーンカーブ…
+	Hue/Saturation…	色相・彩度…
+	Levels…	レベル補正…
+	Shift to Color…	カラーに変更…
+	Temperature/Tint…	色温度・色かぶり…
+	Rectangle…	長方形…
+	Rounded Rectangle…	角丸長方形…
+	Ellipse…	楕円形…
+	Crop Marks	トリムマーク
+	Distort & Transform	パスの変形
+	Free Distort…	パスの自由変形…
+	Pucker & Bloat…	パンク・膨張…
+	Roughen…	ラフ…
+	Transform…	変形…
+	Tweak…	ランダム・ひねり…
+	Twist…	旋回…
+	Zig Zag…	ジグザグ…
+	Pathfinder	パスファインダー
+	Add	追加
+	Intersect	交差
+	Exclude	中マド
+	Subtract	前面オブジェクトで型抜き
+	Minus Back	背面オブジェクトで型抜き
+	Divide	分割
+	Trim	刈り込み
+	Crop	切り抜き
+	Outline	アウトライン
+	Stylize	スタイライズ
+	Round Corners…	角を丸くする…
+	Scribble…	落書き…
+	Drop Shadow…	ドロップシャドウ…
+	Inner Glow…	光彩 (内側)…
+	Outer Glow…	光彩 (外側)…
+	Feather…	ぼかし…
+	SVG Filters	SVG フィルター
+	Apply SVG Filter…	SVG フィルターを適用…
+	Warp	ワープ
+	Arc…	円弧…
+	Arc Lower…	円弧 (下弦)…
+	Arc Upper…	円弧 (上弦)…
+	Arch…	アーチ…
+	Bulge…	でこぼこ…
+	Shell Lower…	貝殻 (下向き)…
+	Shell Upper…	貝殻 (上向き)…
+	Flag…	旗…
+	Wave…	波形…
+	Fish…	魚形…
+	Rise…	上昇…
+	Fisheye…	魚眼レンズ…
+	Squeeze…	絞り込み…
+	Raster Effects	ラスター効果
+	Blur	ぼかし
+	Gaussian Blur…	ぼかし (ガウス)…
 	View	表示
-	Window	ウィンドウ
+	Overprint Preview	オーバープリントプレビュー
+	Pixel Preview	ピクセルプレビュー
+	Trim View	トリミング表示
+	Presentation Mode	プレゼンテーションモード
+	Screen Mode	スクリーンモード
+	Normal Screen Mode	標準スクリーンモード
+	Full Screen Mode with Menu Bar	メニュー付きフルスクリーンモード
+	Full Screen Mode	フルスクリーンモード
+	Proof Setup	校正設定
+	Working CMYK	作業用 CMYK
+	Legacy Macintosh RGB (Gamma 1.8)	従来の Macintosh RGB（ガンマ 1.8）
+	Internet Standard RGB (sRGB)	インターネット標準 RGB（sRGB）
+	Monitor RGB	モニター RGB
+	Color blindness – Protanopia-type	P 型（1 型）色覚
+	Color blindness – Deuteranopia-type	D 型（2 型）色覚
+	Customize…	カスタマイズ…
+	Proof Colors	色の校正
 	Zoom In	ズームイン
 	Zoom Out	ズームアウト
+	Fit Artboard in Window	アートボードを全体表示
+	Fit All in Window	すべてのアートボードを全体表示
+	Actual Size	100% 表示
+	Reset Rotate View	ビューを回転の初期化
+	Hide Edges	エッジを隠す
+	Hide Artboards	アートボードを隠す
+	Show Print Tiling	プリント分割を表示
+	Hide Slices	スライスを隠す
+	Lock Slices	スライスをロック
+	Rulers	定規
+	Show Rulers	定規を表示
+	Change to Global Rulers	グローバル定規に変更
+	Show Video Rulers	ビデオ定規を表示
+	Hide Bounding Box	バウンディングボックスを隠す
+	Show Transparency Grid	透明グリッドを表示
+	Hide Text Threads	テキストのスレッドを隠す
+	Hide Gradient Annotator	グラデーションガイドを隠す
+	Hide Corner Widget	コーナーウィジェットを隠す
+	Guides	ガイド
+	Hide Guides	ガイドを隠す
+	Lock Guides	ガイドをロック
+	Make Guides	ガイドを作成
+	Release Guides	ガイドを解除
+	Clear Guides	ガイドを消去
+	Smart Guides	スマートガイド
+	Perspective Grid	遠近グリッド
+	Show Grid	グリッドを表示
+	Snap to Grid	グリッドにスナップ
+	Lock Grid	グリッドをロック
+	Lock Station Point	視点をロック
+	Define Grid…	グリッドを定義…
+	One Point Perspective	1 点遠近法
+	Two Point Perspective	2 点遠近法
+	Three Point Perspective	3 点遠近法
+	Save Grid as Preset…	グリッドをプリセットとして保存…
+	Snap to Pixel	ピクセルにスナップ
+	Snap to Point	ポイントにスナップ
+	Snap to Glyph	グリフにスナップ
+	New View…	新規表示…
+	Edit Views…	表示の編集…
+	Saved View 1	保存した表示 1
+	Saved View 2	保存した表示 2
+	Saved View 3	保存した表示 3
+	Saved View 4	保存した表示 4
+	Saved View 5	保存した表示 5
+	Saved View 6	保存した表示 6
+	Saved View 7	保存した表示 7
+	Saved View 8	保存した表示 8
+	Saved View 9	保存した表示 9
+	Saved View 10	保存した表示 10
+	Window	ウィンドウ
+	New Window	新規ウィンドウ
+	Cascade	重ねて表示
+	Tile	並べて表示
+	Float in Window	ウィンドウを分離
+	Consolidate All Windows	すべてのウィンドウを統合
+	Workspace	ワークスペース
+	Reset Essentials	初期設定をリセット
+	New Workspace…	新規ワークスペース…
+	Manage Workspaces…	ワークスペースを管理…
+	Control	コントロール
+	Contextual Task Bar	コンテキストタスクバー
+	Tools	ツール
+	Toolbars	ツールバー
+	Advanced	詳細
+	Single / Double Column	1 列／2 列
+	Actions	アクション
+	Asset Export	アセットの書き出し
+	Attributes	属性
+	Brushes	ブラシ
+	Color	カラー
+	Color Guide	カラーガイド
+	Color Themes	カラーテーマ
+	CSS Properties	CSS プロパティ
+	Document Info	ドキュメント情報
+	Flattener Preview	分割・統合プレビュー
+	Gradient	グラデーション
+	Graphic Styles	グラフィックスタイル
+	History	履歴
+	Info	情報
+	Layers	レイヤー
+	Libraries	ライブラリ
+	Links	リンク
+	Magic Wand	自動選択
+	Navigator	ナビゲーター
+	Pattern Options	パターンオプション
+	Properties	プロパティ
+	Separations Preview	分版プレビュー
+	Stroke	線
+	SVG Interactivity	SVG インタラクティビティ
+	Swatches	スウォッチ
+	Symbols	シンボル
+	Transparency	透明
+	Character	文字
+	Character Styles	文字スタイル
+	Paragraph	段落
+	Paragraph Styles	段落スタイル
+	Tabs	タブ
+	Variables	変数
+	Brush Libraries	ブラシライブラリ
+	Built-in Libraries	内蔵ライブラリ
+	User Defined	ユーザー定義
+	Other Library…	その他のライブラリ…
+	Graphic Style Libraries	グラフィックスタイルライブラリ
+	Shadows and Glows	シャドウと光彩
+	Outlines and Rules	アウトラインと罫線
+	Hand-Drawn	手描き風
+	Gradient Finishes	グラデーション仕上げ
+	Shape Effects	シェイプ効果
+	Blends and Transparency	ブレンドと透明
+	Save Graphic Style Library…	グラフィックスタイルライブラリを保存…
+	Swatch Libraries	スウォッチライブラリ
+	Default Swatches	初期設定スウォッチ
+	Web Safe 216	Web セーフ 216
+	Grays and Neutrals	グレーとニュートラル
+	Earth Tones	アーストーン
+	Skin Tone Ramps	肌色のグラデーション
+	Pastels	パステル
+	Brights	ビビッド
+	Metallic Gradients	メタリックグラデーション
+	Perceptual Scales	知覚的カラースケール
+	Harmony Sets	ハーモニーセット
+	Gradients	グラデーション
+	Spectrum Gradients	スペクトルグラデーション
+	Sky Gradients	空のグラデーション
+	Neutral Gradients	ニュートラルグラデーション
+	Duotone Gradients	ダブルトーングラデーション
+	Radial Glows	円形グロー
+	Save Swatch Library…	スウォッチライブラリを保存…
+	Symbol Libraries	シンボルライブラリ
+	Help	ヘルプ
+	ArtCraft Website	ArtCraft の Web サイト
+	VectorCraft on getartcraft.com	getartcraft.com の VectorCraft
+	VectorCraft on GitHub	GitHub の VectorCraft
+	Search Commands…	コマンドを検索…
+	VectorCraft Help…	VectorCraft ヘルプ…
+	Preview	プレビュー
+	Show Edges	エッジを表示
+	Show Corner Widget	コーナーウィジェットを表示
+	Show Text Threads	テキストのスレッドを表示
+	Hide Hidden Characters	制御文字を隠す
+	Show Gradient Annotator	グラデーションガイドを表示
+	Show Artboards	アートボードを表示
+	Hide Rulers	定規を隠す
+	Show Bounding Box	バウンディングボックスを表示
+	Hide Transparency Grid	透明グリッドを隠す
+	Show Guides	ガイドを表示
+	Hide Grid	グリッドを隠す
+	Unlock Guides	ガイドをロック解除
+	Show Slices	スライスを表示
+	Hide Print Tiling	プリント分割を隠す
+	Unlock Grid	グリッドをロック解除
+	Edit Envelope	エンベロープを編集
+	Automatic	自動
+	Isolate Selected Group	選択したグループを分離
+	Exit Isolation Mode	分離モードを終了
+	Make Clipping Mask	クリッピングマスクを作成
+	Release Clipping Mask	クリッピングマスクを解除
+	Make Compound Path	複合パスを作成
+	Release Compound Path	複合パスを解除
+	Select All	すべてを選択

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/mod.rs

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ fn plural_czech(n: u64) -> usize {
 /// The registry. English first: it is the fallback and the source language.
 pub static LANGUAGES: [LangInfo; 4] = [
     LangInfo { code: "en", name: "English", source: "", plural: plural_one_other, complete_menus: false, catalog: OnceLock::new() },
-    // Japanese: the main menus so far (untranslated text stays English); `complete_menus` once the
-    // catalog covers every menu string and `tl!` literal.
+    // Japanese: every menu label (`menu_catalogs_translate_every_menu_label`); panels and dialogs
+    // not yet. `complete_menus` once the catalog covers every menu string and `tl!` literal.
     LangInfo { code: "ja", name: "日本語", source: include_str!("ja.tsv"), plural: plural_none, complete_menus: false, catalog: OnceLock::new() },
-    // Czech: every menu label (`czech_translates_every_menu_label`); panels and dialogs not yet.
+    // Czech: every menu label (`menu_catalogs_translate_every_menu_label`); panels and dialogs not yet.
     LangInfo { code: "cs", name: "Čeština", source: include_str!("cs.tsv"), plural: plural_czech, complete_menus: false, catalog: OnceLock::new() },
     // Traditional Chinese in the vocabulary used in Taiwan; `zh-TW`, `zh-HK`, `zh-MO` and `zh-Hant-*`
     // locales all resolve here (see `candidates`).

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/tests.rs

@@ -322,10 +322,10 @@ fn cs() -> Lang {
     Lang::from_code("cs").expect("cs registered")
 }
 
-/// Menu labels Czech shows as they are: the product name, a format name, the built-in workspace
+/// Menu labels the menu-complete catalogs (Czech, Japanese) show as they are: the product name, a format name, the built-in workspace
 /// names and the perspective grid presets (names, shown untranslated wherever else they appear).
 /// Each language's own name in the Language menu is left alone too.
-const CZECH_KEEP_AS_IS: &[&str] = &[
+const MENU_KEEP_AS_IS: &[&str] = &[
     "VectorCraft",
     "OpenType",
     "Essentials",
@@ -412,9 +412,10 @@ fn toggled_labels() -> Vec<String> {
     labels
 }
 
-/// Czech covers every menu label, the Show/Hide pairs included (panels and dialogs not yet).
+/// Czech and Japanese cover every menu label, the Show/Hide pairs and the canvas context menu
+/// included (panels and dialogs not yet).
 #[test]
-fn czech_translates_every_menu_label() {
+fn menu_catalogs_translate_every_menu_label() {
     let labels = menu_labels();
     // What the menus show (recent files and fonts, user presets and libraries show their names).
     let shown = crate::menus::menu_strings();
@@ -422,20 +423,24 @@ fn czech_translates_every_menu_label() {
     // Font names and sizes, and installed plug-ins' own names, are not interface text.
     let interface = |(label, id, p): &(&str, &str, serde_json::Value)| {
         let plugin = *id == "plugin.dialog" || p.get("effect").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str).is_some_and(|e| e.starts_with("plugin."));
-        *id != "text.setStyle" && !plugin && shown.contains(*label) && !CZECH_KEEP_AS_IS.contains(label) && !language_name(label)
+        *id != "text.setStyle" && !plugin && shown.contains(*label) && !MENU_KEEP_AS_IS.contains(label) && !language_name(label)
     };
-    let mut missing: Vec<String> = labels.iter().filter(|l| interface(l)).map(|(l, ..)| l.to_string()).collect();
-    missing.extend(toggled_labels());
-    missing.extend(crate::menus::CONTEXT_LABELS.iter().map(|l| l.to_string()));
-    missing.retain(|l| !has(cs(), l));
-    missing.sort();
-    missing.dedup();
-    assert!(missing.is_empty(), "untranslated Czech menu labels: {missing:?}");
-    for keep in CZECH_KEEP_AS_IS {
-        assert!(labels.iter().any(|(l, ..)| l == keep), "`{keep}` isn't a menu label");
-        assert!(!has(cs(), keep), "`{keep}` is both kept and translated");
+    let mut all: Vec<String> = labels.iter().filter(|l| interface(l)).map(|(l, ..)| l.to_string()).collect();
+    all.extend(toggled_labels());
+    all.extend(crate::menus::CONTEXT_LABELS.iter().map(|l| l.to_string()));
+    all.sort();
+    all.dedup();
+    for code in ["cs", "ja"] {
+        let lang = Lang::from_code(code).expect("registered");
+        let missing: Vec<&String> = all.iter().filter(|l| !has(lang, l)).collect();
+        assert!(missing.is_empty(), "{code}: untranslated menu labels: {missing:?}");
+        for keep in MENU_KEEP_AS_IS {
+            assert!(labels.iter().any(|(l, ..)| l == keep), "`{keep}` isn't a menu label");
+            assert!(!has(lang, keep), "{code}: `{keep}` is both kept and translated");
+        }
     }
     assert_eq!(tr(cs(), "File"), "Soubor");
+    assert_eq!(tr(Lang::from_code("ja").expect("ja"), "File"), "ファイル");
 }
 
 #[test]

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv

@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@
 	Appearance Panel	外觀面板
 	Appearance panel	外觀面板
 	Applies when the linked file is relinked or updated.	重新連結或更新連結檔案時套用。
+	Applies the next time VectorCraft starts.	下次啟動 VectorCraft 時生效。
 	Apply Brush	套用筆刷
 	Apply Character Style	套用字元樣式
 	Apply Effect	套用效果
@@ -988,6 +989,7 @@
 	Global Process Color, CMYK	整體印刷色，CMYK
 	glyph {id}	字符 {id}
 	Glyphs	字符
+	Go to Artboard	前往工作區域
 	Go To Link	前往連結
 	GPL palettes keep solid colours only, as RGB.	GPL 調色盤僅保留純色，並以 RGB 儲存。
 	GPU Performance	GPU 效能
@@ -1016,6 +1018,8 @@
 	Graphic Styles	繪圖樣式
 	Graphic Styles Options	繪圖樣式選項
 	Graphics	圖形
+	Graphics Processor	圖形處理器
+	Graphics: {adapter}	圖形：{adapter}
 	Gravity	重力
 	Grays	灰色
 	Grays and Neutrals	灰色與中性色
@@ -1072,6 +1076,7 @@
 	Hide Transparency Grid	隱藏透明度格點
 	High	高
 	High (300 ppi)	高 (300 ppi)
+	High Performance (discrete)	高效能 (獨立顯示卡)
 	Highlight Alternate Glyphs	醒目提示替代字符
 	Highlight anchors on mouse over	滑鼠移過時醒目提示錨點
 	Highlight Substituted Fonts	醒目提示被取代的字體
@@ -1774,6 +1779,7 @@
 	Polygon Properties:	多邊形內容：
 	Polygon Tool	多邊形工具
 	Portrait	直向
+	Power Saving (integrated)	節能 (內建顯示晶片)
 	Portuguese	葡萄牙文
 	Position	位置
 	Postcard	明信片
@@ -2022,6 +2028,7 @@
 	Reshape	改變外框
 	Reshape Segment	改變線段外框
 	Reshape Tool	改變外框工具
+	Reshape Type Area	改變區域文字外框
 	Resolution:	解析度：
 	Responsive	回應式
 	Restore	還原

crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs

@@ -293,6 +293,9 @@ pub struct VectorcraftApp {
     /// Windows and Linux: the window has no OS decorations, so the app bar is the title bar (drag,
     /// double-click to maximize, caption buttons) and invisible edge zones resize the window.
     pub custom_titlebar: bool,
+    /// The graphics adapter the window renders with ("name (backend)"), as the host reports it:
+    /// shown in Help › About and `ui.inspect` for GPU bug reports. `None` when unknown.
+    pub graphics_adapter: Option<String>,
     /// File → Place: picked files, the place cursor's thumbnails, the Control bar's image details.
     pub place: place::PlaceState,
     /// The Paste commands can paste from the system clipboard alone: it holds something to paste
@@ -367,6 +370,7 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
             canvas_rect: None,
             hover_doc: None,
             custom_titlebar: false,
+            graphics_adapter: None,
             place: Default::default(),
             system_paste: false,
             system_paste_at: f64::NEG_INFINITY,
@@ -513,6 +517,9 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
         {
             *slot = id.to_string();
         }
+        if canvas::is_selection_tool(id) {
+            self.ui.last_selection_tool = id.to_string();
+        }
         toolbar::remember(self, id);
         self.ui.flyout = None;
     }

crates/ui-egui/src/menus.rs

@@ -147,6 +147,12 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
     ("view.fitAll", "Fit All in Window", "Cmd+Alt+0", "{}"),
     ("view.actualSize", "Actual Size", "Cmd+1", "{}"),
     ("view.setZoom", "Set Zoom", "", "{zoom: percent, center?: [x,y]}"),
+    (
+        "view.goToArtboard",
+        "Go to Artboard",
+        "",
+        "{index: 0-based number | \"first\" | \"previous\" | \"next\" | \"last\"} make that artboard the status bar navigator's (the one Fit Artboard in Window and Actual Size show) and fit it in the window → {index}",
+    ),
     ("view.edges", "Hide Edges", "Cmd+H", "{}"),
     ("view.artboards", "Hide Artboards", "Cmd+Shift+H", "{}"),
     ("view.rulers", "Show Rulers", "Cmd+R", "{}"),
@@ -239,7 +245,7 @@ pub const UI_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str)] = &[
         "tool.options",
         "Tool Options…",
         "",
-        "{tool: id} what double-clicking a tool button opens: gradient → the Gradient panel (window.panel), eyedropper → Eyedropper Options (dialog `eyedropperOptions`, fields sampleSize, pickUp, apply; OK runs eyedropper.setOptions), printTiling → resets the print tiling (print.tiling.set {reset: true}), warp|twirl|pucker|bloat|scallop|crystallize|wrinkle → that tool's Tool Options (dialog `liquifyOptions`, fields tool, width, height, angle, intensity %, usePressure, detail, simplify, simplifyOn, rate, complexity, horizontal %, vertical %, affectAnchors, affectIn, affectOut, showBrush; OK runs tool.setOption {tool, values})",
+        "{tool: id} what double-clicking a tool button opens: hand → fits the artboard in the window (view.fitArtboard), zoom → 100% (view.actualSize), rotate|scale|reflect|shear → that Object › Transform dialog (dialog `rotate`, `scale`, `reflect` or `shear`; error `nothing selected` without a selection), gradient → the Gradient panel (window.panel), eyedropper → Eyedropper Options (dialog `eyedropperOptions`, fields sampleSize, pickUp, apply; OK runs eyedropper.setOptions), printTiling → resets the print tiling (print.tiling.set {reset: true}), warp|twirl|pucker|bloat|scallop|crystallize|wrinkle → that tool's Tool Options (dialog `liquifyOptions`, fields tool, width, height, angle, intensity %, usePressure, detail, simplify, simplifyOn, rate, complexity, horizontal %, vertical %, affectAnchors, affectIn, affectOut, showBrush; OK runs tool.setOption {tool, values})",
     ),
     (
         "ui.colorGuideOptions",
@@ -859,6 +865,7 @@ pub fn run_ui_command(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<R
             crate::canvas::fit(app, id);
             Ok(Value::Null)
         }
+        "view.goToArtboard" => go_to_artboard(app, p),
         "view.presentation" => {
             app.ui.screen_mode = if app.ui.screen_mode == 3 { 0 } else { 3 };
             Ok(json!(app.ui.screen_mode))
@@ -1118,6 +1125,31 @@ pub fn run_ui_command(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<R
     Some(r)
 }
 
+/// `view.goToArtboard`: make artboard `index` (a number, or first / previous / next / last from
+/// the current one) the navigator's, and fit it in the window.
+fn go_to_artboard(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, p: &Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    let n = app.session.active().map(|d| d.doc.artboards.len()).ok_or("no document open")?;
+    let last = n.checked_sub(1).ok_or("the document has no artboards")?;
+    let current = app.view().map_or(0, |v| v.artboard).min(last);
+    let to = match p.get("index") {
+        Some(Value::String(s)) => match s.as_str() {
+            "first" => 0,
+            "previous" => current.saturating_sub(1),
+            "next" => current + 1,
+            "last" => last,
+            other => return Err(format!("index must be a number or first, previous, next or last, not `{other}`")),
+        },
+        Some(v) => v.as_u64().and_then(|i| usize::try_from(i).ok()).ok_or("index must be a number or first, previous, next or last")?,
+        None => return Err("missing index".into()),
+    }
+    .min(last);
+    if let Some(v) = app.view_mut() {
+        v.artboard = to;
+    }
+    crate::canvas::fit(app, "view.fitArtboard");
+    Ok(json!({ "index": to }))
+}
+
 /// Checked state for toggle items.
 pub fn checked(app: &VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<bool> {
     if id == "app.language" {
@@ -2311,14 +2343,16 @@ pub fn menu_bar(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) -> f32 {
     let tree = menu_tree();
     let end = egui::MenuBar::new()
         .ui(ui, |ui| {
+            let mut titles = Vec::with_capacity(tree.len());
             for (i, (title, items)) in tree.iter().enumerate() {
                 let text = if i == 0 {
                     egui::RichText::new(tl!(title)).font(theme::semibold(13.0)).color(t.text)
                 } else {
                     egui::RichText::new(tl!(title)).size(13.0).color(t.text)
                 };
-                ui.menu_button(text, |ui| menu_body(app, ui, items, &mut clicked));
+                titles.push(ui.menu_button(text, |ui| menu_body(app, ui, items, &mut clicked)).response);
             }
+            switch_on_hover(ui.ctx(), &titles);
             ui.cursor().min.x
         })
         .inner;
@@ -2328,6 +2362,39 @@ pub fn menu_bar(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui) -> f32 {
     end
 }
 
+/// Whether the pointer at `p` is really over the menu title `title`: inside it, and with no
+/// popup above it (a tall menu that egui moves up can cover the bar; hovering that menu must
+/// not switch to the title under it).
+fn pointer_reaches_title(ctx: &egui::Context, title: &egui::Response, p: egui::Pos2) -> bool {
+    title.interact_rect.contains(p) && ctx.layer_id_at(p) == Some(title.layer_id)
+}
+
+/// Like a native menu bar: while one top-level menu is open, moving the pointer onto another
+/// title opens that menu instead (egui alone needs a click on each title).
+fn switch_on_hover(ctx: &egui::Context, titles: &[egui::Response]) {
+    let ids: Vec<egui::Id> = titles.iter().map(egui::Popup::default_response_id).collect();
+    let Some(open) = ids.iter().position(|id| egui::Popup::is_id_open(ctx, *id)) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    // `Response::hovered` is false while a menu's popup is open, so hit-test the titles here.
+    let Some(p) = ctx.pointer_hover_pos() else {
+        return;
+    };
+    // Only a moving pointer switches: one resting on a title leaves the open menu alone.
+    if ctx.input(|i| i.pointer.delta() == egui::Vec2::ZERO) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let Some(i) = titles.iter().position(|title| pointer_reaches_title(ctx, title, p)) else {
+        return;
+    };
+    if i != open
+        && let Some(id) = ids.get(i)
+    {
+        egui::Popup::open_id(ctx, *id);
+        ctx.request_repaint();
+    }
+}
+
 /// A top-level menu's popup: as wide as its widest item (label plus shortcut), at least 230 pt;
 /// it scrolls when it is taller than the window.
 fn menu_body(app: &VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, items: &[Item], clicked: &mut Option<(String, Value)>) {
@@ -2922,6 +2989,99 @@ pub fn menu_strings() -> std::collections::BTreeSet<String> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    /// One headless frame of the in-window menu bar; returns its titles (left to right) as
+    /// (rect, id of the title's popup).
+    fn bar_frame(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, events: Vec<egui::Event>) -> Vec<(egui::Rect, egui::Id)> {
+        let screen = egui::Rect::from_min_size(egui::Pos2::ZERO, egui::vec2(1200.0, 700.0));
+        let mut layer = None;
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(screen), events, ..Default::default() }, |ui| {
+            layer = Some(ui.layer_id());
+            menu_bar(app, ui);
+        });
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        let layer = layer.unwrap();
+        let mut titles: Vec<(egui::Rect, egui::Id)> = ctx.viewport(|vp| {
+            vp.prev_pass
+                .widgets
+                .get_layer(layer)
+                .filter(|w| w.sense.senses_click() && w.rect.top() < 30.0)
+                // `egui::Popup::default_response_id` of the title's response.
+                .map(|w| (w.rect, w.id.with("popup")))
+                .collect()
+        });
+        titles.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.left().total_cmp(&b.0.left()));
+        titles
+    }
+
+    fn open_titles(ctx: &egui::Context, titles: &[(egui::Rect, egui::Id)]) -> Vec<usize> {
+        (0..titles.len()).filter(|&i| egui::Popup::is_id_open(ctx, titles[i].1)).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hovering_another_title_switches_the_open_menu() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), crate::Services::default());
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
+        theme::apply(&ctx, Default::default());
+        bar_frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        let titles = bar_frame(&mut app, &ctx, vec![]);
+        assert_eq!(titles.len(), menu_tree().len());
+        // 0 is the app menu, then File, Edit, Object.
+        let (file, edit, object) = (titles[1].0.center(), titles[2].0.center(), titles[3].0.center());
+        let frames = |app: &mut VectorcraftApp, events: Vec<egui::Event>| {
+            let mut t = bar_frame(app, &ctx, events);
+            for _ in 0..2 {
+                t = bar_frame(app, &ctx, vec![]);
+            }
+            t
+        };
+        let button = |pos, pressed| egui::Event::PointerButton { pos, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: Default::default() };
+
+        // Nothing open: hovering a title opens nothing.
+        let t = frames(&mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(edit)]);
+        assert!(open_titles(&ctx, &t).is_empty());
+
+        // Click File, then move onto Edit and on to Object: each opens in turn, alone.
+        frames(&mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(file)]);
+        frames(&mut app, vec![button(file, true)]);
+        let t = frames(&mut app, vec![button(file, false)]);
+        assert_eq!(open_titles(&ctx, &t), vec![1], "a click opens File");
+        let t = frames(&mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(edit)]);
+        assert_eq!(open_titles(&ctx, &t), vec![2], "hovering Edit opens it and closes File");
+        let t = frames(&mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(object)]);
+        assert_eq!(open_titles(&ctx, &t), vec![3], "hovering Object opens it and closes Edit");
+
+        // A pointer resting on a title doesn't switch: File opened another way (the keyboard)
+        // stays open while the pointer stays still over Object.
+        egui::Popup::open_id(&ctx, t[1].1);
+        let t = frames(&mut app, vec![]);
+        assert_eq!(open_titles(&ctx, &t), vec![1], "a still pointer leaves the open menu alone");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_popup_covering_a_title_does_not_switch_menus() {
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        let p = egui::pos2(90.0, 12.0);
+        let mut reaches = (true, false);
+        // The popup becomes hit-testable once egui has laid it out: draw a few frames.
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            let raw =
+                egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(egui::Rect::from_min_size(egui::Pos2::ZERO, egui::vec2(300.0, 200.0))), ..Default::default() };
+            let mut out = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| {
+                let ctx = ui.ctx().clone();
+                let covered = ui.interact(egui::Rect::from_center_size(p, egui::vec2(80.0, 24.0)), egui::Id::new("covered"), egui::Sense::click());
+                let q = p + egui::vec2(0.0, 100.0);
+                let free = ui.interact(egui::Rect::from_center_size(q, egui::vec2(80.0, 24.0)), egui::Id::new("free"), egui::Sense::click());
+                egui::Area::new(egui::Id::new("popup")).order(egui::Order::Foreground).fixed_pos(p - egui::vec2(10.0, 10.0)).show(&ctx, |ui| {
+                    ui.allocate_space(egui::vec2(20.0, 20.0));
+                });
+                reaches = (pointer_reaches_title(&ctx, &covered, p), pointer_reaches_title(&ctx, &free, q));
+            });
+            out.textures_delta.clear();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(reaches, (false, true));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn names_in_menus_are_not_interface_labels() {
         for (id, label) in [

crates/ui-egui/src/palette.rs

@@ -42,11 +42,13 @@ struct Entry {
     haystack: String,
 }
 
-/// The palette's entries in `lang`. They are built when the language or the installed plug-ins
-/// change, not on every frame while a query is typed.
+/// The palette's entries in `lang`. They are built when the language, the installed plug-ins or
+/// the keyboard shortcuts (shown beside each entry) change, not on every frame while a query is
+/// typed.
 fn entries(ctx: &egui::Context, lang: crate::i18n::Lang) -> Arc<Vec<Entry>> {
-    type Cached = ((&'static str, u64), Arc<Vec<Entry>>);
-    let key = (lang.code(), menus::plugin_revision());
+    type Cached = ((&'static str, u64, u64), Arc<Vec<Entry>>);
+    let shortcuts = crate::shortcut_editor::GENERATION.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+    let key = (lang.code(), menus::plugin_revision(), shortcuts);
     let id = egui::Id::new("palette-entries");
     if let Some((k, v)) = ctx.data(|d| d.get_temp::<Cached>(id))
         && k == key
@@ -123,6 +125,9 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&en, &entries(&ctx, Lang::EN)), "kept while the language stays");
         let zh_entries = entries(&ctx, zh);
         assert!(!Arc::ptr_eq(&en, &zh_entries), "rebuilt for another language");
+        // Editing a shortcut rebuilds them, so the palette shows the new one.
+        crate::shortcut_editor::GENERATION.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
+        assert!(!Arc::ptr_eq(&zh_entries, &entries(&ctx, zh)), "rebuilt after a shortcut edit");
         let group = zh_entries.iter().find(|e| e.id == "object.group").unwrap();
         assert!(group.shown.ends_with(crate::i18n::tr(zh, "Group")), "{}", group.shown);
         // A query matches the English label, the shown label or the id.

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/graphic_styles.rs

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ fn zone_input(ui: &Ui, zone: &Response, d: &Document, ev: &mut Events) {
         PanelDrag::GraphicStyle(n) => (Some(n), None),
         PanelDrag::Art(ids) => (None, ids.first().copied()),
         PanelDrag::Appearance(id) => (None, Some(*id)),
-        PanelDrag::Paint { .. } => (None, None),
+        PanelDrag::Paint { .. } | PanelDrag::Symbol(_) => (None, None),
     };
     if style.is_none() && source.is_none() {
         return;

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/swatches.rs

@@ -571,6 +571,10 @@ pub(crate) fn drag_preview(app: &VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
             None => return,
         },
         PanelDrag::GraphicStyle(name) => return pointer_chip(ctx, |ui, r| super::graphic_styles::paint_style(app, ui, r, name)),
+        PanelDrag::Symbol(name) => match app.session.active() {
+            Some(st) => return pointer_chip(ctx, |ui, r| super::symbols::chip(ui, &st.doc, r, name)),
+            None => return,
+        },
     };
     pointer_chip(ctx, |ui, r| {
         if registration {

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/symbols.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Node, NodeKind};
 use super::{pstate, set_pstate};
 use crate::VectorcraftApp;
 use crate::theme::Tokens;
-use crate::widgets::{self, menu_item};
+use crate::widgets::{self, PanelDrag, menu_item};
 
 /// A thumbnail of symbol `name` (an instance at its natural size), cached by the art's identity.
 fn thumb(ui: &Ui, doc: &Document, name: &str, size: f32) -> Option<egui::TextureHandle> {
@@ -50,6 +50,24 @@ fn thumb(ui: &Ui, doc: &Document, name: &str, size: f32) -> Option<egui::Texture
     Some(tex)
 }
 
+/// Symbol `name`'s thumbnail on white in `r` (the panel's tiles and the chip a dragged symbol
+/// shows at the pointer).
+pub(crate) fn chip(ui: &Ui, doc: &Document, r: egui::Rect, name: &str) {
+    ui.painter().rect_filled(r, 0.0, egui::Color32::WHITE);
+    if let Some(tex) = thumb(ui, doc, name, r.width()) {
+        ui.painter().image(tex.id(), r, egui::Rect::from_min_max(egui::pos2(0.0, 0.0), egui::pos2(1.0, 1.0)), egui::Color32::WHITE);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Art dragged off the canvas over the symbol list: outline it; dropped, the art becomes a new
+/// symbol (`ids`).
+fn art_drop(ui: &Ui, zone: &egui::Response) -> Option<Vec<u64>> {
+    let drag = zone.dnd_hover_payload::<PanelDrag>()?;
+    let PanelDrag::Art(ids) = &*drag else { return None };
+    ui.painter().rect_stroke(zone.rect, 0.0, Stroke::new(1.5, Tokens::get(ui.ctx()).accent), StrokeKind::Inside);
+    zone.dnd_release_payload::<PanelDrag>().map(|_| ids.iter().map(|id| id.0).collect())
+}
+
 fn current(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Option<String> {
     app.run("symbol.list", json!({})).ok().and_then(|v| v["current"].as_str().map(str::to_string))
 }
@@ -73,28 +91,24 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     let list: bool = pstate(ui.ctx(), "sym-list");
     let sel = current(app);
     let mut clicked: Option<(String, bool)> = None;
-    widgets::list_box(ui, |ui| {
+    let list_rect = widgets::list_box(ui, |ui| {
         ui.set_min_height(110.0);
         ui.set_width(ui.available_width());
         if names.is_empty() {
             super::empty_state(ui, "spray-can", tl!("No symbols in this document"), tl!("Select art and click New Symbol to make one."));
-            return;
+            return ui.min_rect();
         }
-        let paint_thumb = |ui: &Ui, r: egui::Rect, n: &str| {
-            ui.painter().rect_filled(r, 0.0, egui::Color32::WHITE);
-            if let Some(tex) = thumb(ui, &doc, n, r.width()) {
-                ui.painter().image(tex.id(), r, egui::Rect::from_min_max(egui::pos2(0.0, 0.0), egui::pos2(1.0, 1.0)), egui::Color32::WHITE);
-            }
-        };
         if list {
             for n in &names {
-                let (r, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(vec2(ui.available_width(), 26.0), Sense::click());
+                let (r, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(vec2(ui.available_width(), 26.0), Sense::click_and_drag());
+                // Dragged onto the canvas, the symbol is placed there.
+                widgets::drag_source(ui, &resp, || PanelDrag::Symbol(n.clone()));
                 if sel.as_deref() == Some(n.as_str()) {
                     ui.painter().rect_filled(r, 0.0, t.row_selected);
                 } else if resp.hovered() {
                     ui.painter().rect_filled(r, 0.0, t.hover);
                 }
-                paint_thumb(ui, egui::Rect::from_center_size(r.left_center() + vec2(14.0, 0.0), vec2(22.0, 22.0)), n);
+                chip(ui, &doc, egui::Rect::from_center_size(r.left_center() + vec2(14.0, 0.0), vec2(22.0, 22.0)), n);
                 ui.painter().text(r.left_center() + vec2(32.0, 0.0), egui::Align2::LEFT_CENTER, n, egui::FontId::proportional(12.5), t.text);
                 if resp.double_clicked() {
                     clicked = Some((n.clone(), true));
@@ -105,8 +119,9 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         } else {
             ui.horizontal_wrapped(|ui| {
                 for n in &names {
-                    let (r, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(vec2(44.0, 44.0), Sense::click());
-                    paint_thumb(ui, r.shrink(2.0), n);
+                    let (r, resp) = ui.allocate_exact_size(vec2(44.0, 44.0), Sense::click_and_drag());
+                    widgets::drag_source(ui, &resp, || PanelDrag::Symbol(n.clone()));
+                    chip(ui, &doc, r.shrink(2.0), n);
                     let on = sel.as_deref() == Some(n.as_str());
                     ui.painter().rect_stroke(
                         r,
@@ -123,7 +138,14 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
                 }
             });
         }
+        ui.min_rect()
     });
+    let zone = ui.interact(list_rect, ui.id().with("symbols-drop"), Sense::hover());
+    if let Some(ids) = art_drop(ui, &zone)
+        && let Err(e) = app.run("symbol.new", json!({ "ids": ids }))
+    {
+        app.status(e);
+    }
     if let Some((n, place)) = clicked {
         app.run("symbol.setCurrent", json!({"name": n})).ok();
         if place {
@@ -182,3 +204,54 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
         set_pstate(ui.ctx(), "sym-list", true);
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use egui::{Pos2, Rect, pos2};
+    use vectorcraft_doc::NodeId;
+    use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// One headless frame of the panel, 236 pt wide as in the dock.
+    fn frame(ctx: &egui::Context, app: &mut VectorcraftApp, events: Vec<egui::Event>) {
+        let raw = egui::RawInput { screen_rect: Some(Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(236.0, 400.0))), events, ..Default::default() };
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(raw, |ui| show(app, ui));
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+    }
+
+    fn button(at: Pos2, pressed: bool) -> egui::Event {
+        egui::Event::PointerButton { pos: at, button: egui::PointerButton::Primary, pressed, modifiers: Default::default() }
+    }
+
+    fn symbols(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Vec<String> {
+        let list = app.run("symbol.list", json!({})).unwrap();
+        list["symbols"].as_array().unwrap().iter().map(|s| s["name"].as_str().unwrap_or_default().to_string()).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn art_dropped_on_the_panel_becomes_a_symbol_and_a_symbol_drags_out() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 200, "height": 100})).unwrap();
+        let id = app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 30, "height": 20})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        // Selected, as art dragged off the canvas is.
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![]);
+        // Art dragged off the canvas and released over the list.
+        let over = pos2(100.0, 50.0);
+        egui::DragAndDrop::set_payload(&ctx, PanelDrag::Art(vec![NodeId(id)]));
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(over), button(over, false)]);
+        let names = symbols(&mut app);
+        assert_eq!(names.len(), 1, "{names:?}");
+        let doc = &app.session.active().unwrap().doc;
+        let first = doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().first().unwrap();
+        assert!(matches!(first.kind, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. }), "the art became an instance");
+        // Dragging the symbol's tile out of the panel carries the symbol.
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![]);
+        let tile = pos2(26.0, 26.0);
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(tile), button(tile, true)]);
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(tile + vec2(40.0, 40.0))]);
+        frame(&ctx, &mut app, vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(tile + vec2(80.0, 80.0))]);
+        assert_eq!(egui::DragAndDrop::payload::<PanelDrag>(&ctx).as_deref(), Some(&PanelDrag::Symbol(names[0].clone())));
+    }
+}

crates/ui-egui/src/prefs_dialog.rs

@@ -279,6 +279,10 @@ fn category_fields(ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog, cat: &str) {
                         d.fields.insert(sp.key.into(), json!(opts[i].0));
                     }
                 });
+                if sp.key == "gpuPreference" {
+                    // The window's graphics device is chosen once, when the app starts.
+                    ui.label(egui::RichText::new(tl!("Applies the next time VectorCraft starts.")).color(t.text_dim).size(11.0));
+                }
             }
             PrefKind::Color => {
                 labeled(ui, sp.label, |ui| {
@@ -393,6 +397,38 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(a.session.prefs.ui_brightness, "light");
     }
 
+    /// Performance › Graphics Processor (#306): shown with its restart note, applied by OK and
+    /// saved with the UI state under the key the desktop app reads before the window opens.
+    #[test]
+    fn graphics_processor_preference_shows_and_persists() {
+        fn texts(s: &egui::Shape, out: &mut Vec<String>) {
+            match s {
+                egui::Shape::Text(t) => out.push(t.galley.text().to_string()),
+                egui::Shape::Vec(v) => v.iter().for_each(|s| texts(s, out)),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        let mut a = app();
+        open(&mut a, Some("Performance"));
+        let ctx = egui::Context::default();
+        crate::theme::install_fonts(&ctx);
+        // The window sizes itself on the first frame and draws on the second.
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput::default(), |ui| show(&mut a, ui.ctx()));
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        let mut out = ctx.run_ui(egui::RawInput::default(), |ui| show(&mut a, ui.ctx()));
+        out.textures_delta.clear();
+        let mut shown = vec![];
+        out.shapes.iter().for_each(|c| texts(&c.shape, &mut shown));
+        assert!(shown.iter().any(|t| t.starts_with("Graphics Processor")), "{shown:?}");
+        assert!(shown.iter().any(|t| t == "Power Saving (integrated)"), "{shown:?}");
+        assert!(shown.iter().any(|t| t == "Applies the next time VectorCraft starts."), "{shown:?}");
+        a.ui.dialog.as_mut().unwrap().fields.insert("gpuPreference".into(), json!("highPerformance"));
+        confirm(&mut a).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(a.session.prefs.gpu_preference, "highPerformance");
+        let saved: Value = serde_json::from_slice(&serde_json::to_vec(&a.ui).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(saved["engine_prefs"]["gpuPreference"], json!("highPerformance"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn every_category_renders_fields() {
         for c in PREF_CATEGORIES {

crates/ui-egui/src/shortcut_editor.rs

@@ -189,6 +189,12 @@ pub fn format(sc: &KeyboardShortcut) -> String {
     }
     let k = sc.logical_key;
     let name = match k {
+        // A shifted punctuation key is recorded as the key, not the character it types.
+        Key::CloseCurlyBracket if m.shift => "]",
+        Key::OpenCurlyBracket if m.shift => "[",
+        Key::Questionmark if m.shift => "/",
+        Key::Colon if m.shift => ";",
+        Key::Pipe if m.shift => "\\",
         Key::CloseBracket => "]",
         Key::OpenBracket => "[",
         Key::Semicolon => ";",

crates/ui-egui/src/shortcuts.rs

@@ -75,7 +75,22 @@ pub(crate) fn all_shortcuts() -> Vec<(KeyboardShortcut, &'static str, serde_json
 /// is ignored). `native`: the system menu already handles the chord as written, so only that
 /// alias is left to match here.
 pub(crate) fn consume(i: &mut egui::InputState, sc: &KeyboardShortcut, native: bool) -> bool {
-    (!native && i.consume_shortcut(sc)) || (sc.logical_key == Key::Equals && i.consume_key(sc.modifiers, Key::Plus))
+    (!native && i.consume_shortcut(sc))
+        || (sc.logical_key == Key::Equals && i.consume_key(sc.modifiers, Key::Plus))
+        || (sc.modifiers.shift && shifted(sc.logical_key).is_some_and(|k| i.consume_key(sc.modifiers, k)))
+}
+
+/// The key a shifted punctuation key arrives as: egui reports the character typed, so Cmd+Shift+[
+/// comes in as Cmd+Shift+`{` (US-style layouts).
+fn shifted(k: Key) -> Option<Key> {
+    Some(match k {
+        Key::OpenBracket => Key::OpenCurlyBracket,
+        Key::CloseBracket => Key::CloseCurlyBracket,
+        Key::Slash => Key::Questionmark,
+        Key::Semicolon => Key::Colon,
+        Key::Backslash => Key::Pipe,
+        _ => return None,
+    })
 }
 
 /// Keys that paste with Cmd, or alone. (Shift+Insert is left out: Ctrl+Insert copies.)
@@ -371,12 +386,16 @@ pub fn handle(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
         }
         let upper = text.to_uppercase();
         let key = if m.shift && text.chars().all(|c| c.is_alphabetic()) { format!("Shift+{upper}") } else { upper.clone() };
+        // A shifted punctuation character can also be written with its Shift (the Curvature tool's
+        // Shift+~ arrives as `~`).
+        let shifted = m.shift.then(|| format!("Shift+{text}"));
+        let lookup = |find: fn(&str) -> Option<&'static str>| find(&key).or_else(|| find(&text)).or_else(|| shifted.as_deref().and_then(find));
         // Single-key command shortcuts (X, Shift+X, D, /, Shift+D, F, Shift+F by default).
-        if let Some(id) = crate::shortcut_editor::command_for_key(&key).or_else(|| crate::shortcut_editor::command_for_key(&text)) {
+        if let Some(id) = lookup(crate::shortcut_editor::command_for_key) {
             let _ = app.run(id, json!({}));
             continue;
         }
-        if let Some(t) = crate::shortcut_editor::tool_for_key(&key).or_else(|| crate::shortcut_editor::tool_for_key(&text)) {
+        if let Some(t) = lookup(crate::shortcut_editor::tool_for_key) {
             app.select_tool(t);
         }
     }
@@ -442,6 +461,36 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(fill(&app).color().unwrap().to_hex(), "#336699", "`,` applies the last colour");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn shifted_punctuation_shortcuts_work_as_typed() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.session.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 200, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+        let a = app.session.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+        let b = app.session.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x": 20, "y": 20, "width": 50, "height": 50})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+        app.session.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a]})).unwrap();
+        let order =
+            |app: &VectorcraftApp| -> Vec<u64> { app.session.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().iter().map(|n| n.id.0).collect() };
+        let (a, b) = (a.as_u64().unwrap(), b.as_u64().unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(order(&app), [a, b]);
+        let press = |key, modifiers| egui::Event::Key { key, physical_key: None, pressed: true, repeat: false, modifiers };
+        let cmd_shift = Modifiers::COMMAND | Modifiers::SHIFT;
+        // Recorded in the Keyboard Shortcuts editor, they read as the keys (and so conflict).
+        assert_eq!(crate::shortcut_editor::chord_from_event(Key::CloseCurlyBracket, cmd_shift).as_deref(), Some("Cmd+Shift+]"));
+        assert_eq!(crate::shortcut_editor::chord_from_event(Key::Questionmark, cmd_shift).as_deref(), Some("Cmd+Shift+/"));
+        // Cmd+Shift+] arrives as Cmd+Shift+`}`, Cmd+Shift+[ as Cmd+Shift+`{`.
+        frame(&mut app, vec![press(Key::CloseCurlyBracket, cmd_shift)]);
+        assert_eq!(order(&app), [b, a], "Bring to Front");
+        frame(&mut app, vec![press(Key::OpenCurlyBracket, cmd_shift)]);
+        assert_eq!(order(&app), [a, b], "Send to Back");
+        // Cmd+Shift+/ arrives as Cmd+Shift+`?`: Search Commands.
+        frame(&mut app, vec![press(Key::Questionmark, cmd_shift)]);
+        assert!(app.ui.palette_open, "Search Commands");
+        app.ui.palette_open = false;
+        // The Curvature tool's Shift+~ arrives as the text `~` with Shift.
+        frame(&mut app, vec![egui::Event::ModifiersChanged(Modifiers::SHIFT), egui::Event::Text("~".into())]);
+        assert_eq!(app.session.tool_id(), "curvature");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn plus_typed_any_way_zooms_in() {
         assert_eq!(parse("Cmd++"), parse("Cmd+="), "`+` and `=` are one chord key");

crates/ui-egui/src/state.rs

@@ -17,11 +17,15 @@ pub struct View {
     pub fitted: bool,
     /// View rotation in degrees (Rotate View tool).
     pub rotation: f64,
+    /// The artboard the status bar's navigator is on (an index): Fit Artboard in Window and Actual
+    /// Size show it.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub artboard: usize,
 }
 
 impl Default for View {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self { zoom: 1.0, center: Point::new(306.0, 396.0), fitted: false, rotation: 0.0 }
+        Self { zoom: 1.0, center: Point::new(306.0, 396.0), fitted: false, rotation: 0.0, artboard: 0 }
     }
 }
 
@@ -34,6 +38,7 @@ impl View {
                 center: v.center,
                 fitted: true,
                 rotation: if v.rotation.is_finite() { v.rotation } else { 0.0 },
+                artboard: 0,
             },
             _ => Self::default(),
         }
@@ -235,6 +240,9 @@ pub struct UiState {
     pub flyout: Option<usize>,
     /// Last tool shown for each toolbar group (flyout selection sticks).
     pub group_tool: Vec<String>,
+    /// The selection tool used last (Selection, Direct Selection or Group Selection): a Cmd press
+    /// with any other tool drags with it.
+    pub last_selection_tool: String,
     pub status: String,
     pub palette_open: bool,
     pub palette_query: String,
@@ -363,6 +371,7 @@ impl Default for UiState {
             dialog: None,
             flyout: None,
             group_tool: vectorcraft_tools::TOOL_GROUPS.iter().map(|g| g[0].id.to_string()).collect(),
+            last_selection_tool: "selection".into(),
             status: String::new(),
             palette_open: false,
             palette_query: String::new(),

crates/ui-egui/src/toolbar.rs

@@ -208,9 +208,21 @@ pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
 /// Open a tool's options (`tool.options`, a double-click on its button): the Gradient tool's are
 /// the Gradient panel, the Eyedropper's the Eyedropper Options dialog, a Liquify tool's its Tool
 /// Options dialog, the Blend tool's Blend
-/// Options; the Print Tiling tool's resets the print tiling.
+/// Options; the Print Tiling tool's resets the print tiling. As in the reference app, the Hand
+/// tool's fits the artboard in the window, the Zoom tool's shows it at 100%, and the Rotate, Scale,
+/// Reflect and Shear tools' are their Object › Transform dialogs.
 pub fn open_options(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, tool: &str) -> Result<serde_json::Value, String> {
     match tool {
+        "hand" => app.run("view.fitArtboard", json!({})),
+        "zoom" => app.run("view.actualSize", json!({})),
+        "rotate" | "scale" | "reflect" | "shear" => {
+            let id = format!("object.{tool}");
+            if let Some(c) = vectorcraft_engine::find_command(&id) {
+                (c.enabled)(&app.session)?;
+            }
+            crate::menus::invoke(app, &id, json!({}));
+            Ok(json!({ "dialog": tool }))
+        }
         "gradient" if app.ui.open_panel.as_deref() == Some("gradient") => Ok(json!({ "open": "gradient" })),
         "gradient" => app.run("window.panel", json!({ "panel": "gradient" })),
         "eyedropper" => {
@@ -486,7 +498,35 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         crate::dialogs::confirm(&mut app).unwrap();
         let o = app.session.prefs.eyedropper;
         assert!(o.pick_up.appearance.transparency && !o.apply.appearance.transparency && o.apply.appearance.fill.color);
-        assert!(app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "zoom"})).is_err());
+        assert!(app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "lasso"})).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn double_clicking_the_hand_zoom_and_transform_tools() {
+        let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), Default::default());
+        app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "height": 200})).unwrap();
+        app.canvas_rect = Some(egui::Rect::from_min_size(Pos2::ZERO, vec2(660.0, 460.0)));
+        app.run("view.setZoom", json!({"zoom": 333, "center": [10, 10]})).unwrap();
+        // Hand: the artboard fits the window. Zoom: 100%.
+        app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "hand"})).unwrap();
+        let v = *app.view().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((v.center.x, v.center.y, v.zoom), (150.0, 100.0, 2.0));
+        app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "zoom"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(app.view().unwrap().zoom, 1.0);
+        // The transform tools open their dialogs, like Object › Transform: not with nothing selected.
+        assert_eq!(app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "rotate"})), Err("nothing selected".into()));
+        assert!(app.ui.dialog.is_none());
+        let id = app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 40, "height": 20})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+        for tool in ["rotate", "scale", "reflect", "shear"] {
+            app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": tool})).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(app.ui.dialog.take().map(|d| d.kind), Some(tool.to_string()));
+        }
+        // OK in Rotate turns the selection about its centre.
+        app.run("tool.options", json!({"tool": "rotate"})).unwrap();
+        app.ui.dialog.as_mut().unwrap().fields.insert("angle".into(), json!(90));
+        crate::dialogs::confirm(&mut app).unwrap();
+        let b = app.session.active().unwrap().doc.node(vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(id)).unwrap().geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+        assert!((b.x0 - 20.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (b.y0 - 0.0).abs() < 1e-9 && (b.width() - 20.0).abs() < 1e-9, "{b:?}");
     }
 
     #[test]

crates/ui-egui/src/widgets.rs

@@ -1140,8 +1140,12 @@ pub enum PanelDrag {
     /// `ids`); the panel moves it to where it is dropped.
     GraphicStyle(String),
     /// The selected art, dragged off the canvas with the Selection tool: the Graphic Styles panel
-    /// makes a style of the first object (`graphicStyle.new`).
+    /// makes a style of the first object (`graphicStyle.new`), the Symbols panel a symbol of it all
+    /// (`symbol.new`).
     Art(Vec<vectorcraft_doc::NodeId>),
+    /// A Symbols panel symbol: the canvas places an instance of it centred where it is dropped
+    /// (`symbol.place`).
+    Symbol(String),
 }
 
 /// The Swatches panel rows a drag from that panel moves: the swatch, None, Registration or colour

docs/control-protocol.md

@@ -3,6 +3,16 @@
 `vectorcraft --control <port>` listens on `127.0.0.1:<port>` (loopback only). One JSON request per line:
 `{"id": 1, "method": "ui.inspect", "params": {}}` → `{"id": 1, "ok": true, "result": {...}}` or `{"id":1,"ok":false,"error":"..."}`.
 
+**Only requests are read.** Every line must be a JSON object with a string `method` (`id` and `params`
+are optional; blank lines are skipped). Anything else gets one error reply
+(`{"ok": false, "error": "… closing the connection"}`) and the server **closes the connection**, so
+nothing sent after it on that connection runs. That covers text that isn't JSON, a JSON array or number,
+an object without `method`, invalid UTF-8, and a line longer than 4 MiB. An HTTP request (for example a
+web page's cross-origin `fetch` to `127.0.0.1:<port>`) therefore can't smuggle a command in its body:
+its request line is rejected first. At most 16 connections are served at once; further ones get an error
+line and are closed. Clients that get an error reply should reconnect. The port has no authentication,
+so only enable it while you use it. Transport: `apps/vectorcraft/src/control_server.rs`.
+
 | Method | Params | |
 |---|---|---|
 | `engine.execute` | `{command, params}` | run any engine or UI command (see `engine.commands`) |
@@ -77,7 +87,9 @@ point (`paint.freeform.selectPoint`); its fields are `color` (hex), `opacity` an
 Tool options: double-clicking a tool button runs `tool.options {tool}`. For `gradient` it opens the Gradient panel;
 for `eyedropper` it opens Eyedropper Options, an `eyedropperOptions` dialog (fields `sampleSize` 1/3/5, `pickUp` and
 `apply`, the attribute trees of `eyedropper.setOptions`) whose `ui.dialog.confirm` runs `eyedropper.setOptions` (what
-`appearance.copyFrom` copies). Gradient tool handles snap to
+`appearance.copyFrom` copies). For `hand` it fits the artboard in the window (`view.fitArtboard`) and for `zoom` it
+shows 100% (`view.actualSize`). For `rotate`, `scale`, `reflect` and `shear` it opens the same dialog as Object ›
+Transform (dialog kind = the tool id), or fails with `nothing selected`. Gradient tool handles snap to
 anchors, edges and smart guides; Shift constrains them to 45° steps from the `constrainAngle` preference.
 
 Effect dialogs: `engine.execute {command: "effect.dialog", params: {effect, index?, item?}}` opens the `effect` dialog

docs/development.md

@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ How the web shell (`apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs`) differs from desktop:
 - **No control server:** browsers can't listen on TCP. To automate the web build, drive headless Chrome with `--remote-debugging-port`.
 - Quick smoke test: `"/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome" --headless=new --enable-unsafe-webgpu --screenshot=web.png --window-size=1440,900 --virtual-time-budget=15000 http://127.0.0.1:8766/` (headless Chrome on macOS gets a real WebGPU adapter).
 
+## Desktop graphics processor
+
+The canvas is rasterized on the CPU (`vectorcraft-render`, vello_cpu); the GPU (wgpu, through eframe) only composites the canvas texture and draws the UI. The desktop app (`apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs`) therefore asks wgpu for the **power-saving** adapter by default, which is the integrated GPU on hybrid-graphics laptops. Presenting frames rendered on a discrete GPU through the integrated one made the window flicker on some laptops (#306). A machine with one GPU gets that GPU either way.
+
+- **Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor** (`gpuPreference`: `powerSaving` or `highPerformance`) picks the other one. The adapter is chosen when the window opens, so a change applies after a restart.
+- The `WGPU_POWER_PREF` environment variable (`low`, `high` or `none`) overrides the preference.
+- Help › About and the control channel's `ui.inspect` (`graphicsAdapter`) show the adapter in use, and the app logs it at startup.
+
 ## Fonts: craft-fonts (optional build input)
 
 Font files are never committed to this repository. Fonts shared by the Crafting Apps live in
@@ -66,8 +74,8 @@ text at render time from one catalog per language (`i18n/<code>.tsv`; the format
 always use the English ids and labels, so agents and scripts never see translated text.
 
 Languages shipped: English (`en`, the source), Traditional Chinese (`zh-hant`, complete, in the vocabulary used
-in Taiwan; `zh-TW`, `zh-HK`, `zh-MO` and `zh-Hant-*` locales all resolve to it), Czech (`cs`, every menu
-label) and Japanese (`ja`, the main menus so far). Untranslated text falls back to English until its rows are
+in Taiwan; `zh-TW`, `zh-HK`, `zh-MO` and `zh-Hant-*` locales all resolve to it), Czech (`cs`) and Japanese (`ja`), every menu
+label for both. Untranslated text falls back to English until its rows are
 added. Simplified Chinese locales
 (`zh-CN`, `zh-SG`, `zh-Hans`) fall back to English until a `zh-hans` catalog is registered: the resolver already
 tells the two scripts apart, so the Traditional catalog is never shown to a Simplified locale.

docs/mcp.md

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ objects' fills or strokes differ (`fillMixed` / `strokeMixed`, drawn as a "?" pr
 |---|---|---|
 | `list_commands` | `{filter?, enabledOnly?}` | The command catalogue: id, label, menu, shortcut, params doc, enablement. |
 | `run_command` | `{command, params?}` | Runs any command. Use it for everything without a dedicated tool. |
-| `inspect_document` | `{}` | Artboards, layer tree (ids, kinds, bounds, paint), selection, history, tool. |
+| `inspect_document` | `{}` | Artboards, layer tree (ids, kinds, bounds, paint), selection, history, tool. A type node's `fill`, `stroke` and `strokeWidth` are the paint its characters show (its first run's); fills and strokes of the type object itself come as `objectFill`, `objectStroke` and `objectStrokeWidth`. Paint comes as a label (`"#ff0000"`, `"None"`, `"G1 40% (#ff9999)"` for a swatch at a tint); `paint.proxies` gives it as an object. |
 | `inspect_ui` | `{}` | UI state. Remote mode only. |
 | `select_tool` | `{tool}` | `selection`, `directSelection`, `pen`, `rectangle`, `ellipse`, `polygon`, `star`, `lineSegment`, … |
 | `pointer_gesture` | `{events:[{kind,x,y,mods?}], tool?, mods?}` | `kind` is one of `down`, `drag`, `up`, `move`, `doubleclick`. Events go through the same path as the mouse. |
@@ -159,9 +159,9 @@ objects' fills or strokes differ (`fillMixed` / `strokeMixed`, drawn as a "?" pr
 | `invoke_menu` | `{command, params?}` | Invokes a menu item by command id. Includes UI commands such as `view.*` and `window.*` in remote mode. |
 | `open_panel` | `{panel}` | Remote only. |
 | `screenshot` | `{path?, scale?, artboard?, window?}` | Returns MCP image content (`image/png`, base64) plus a text block. Renders the artboard; `window:true` captures the app window (remote only). |
-| `open_file` | `{path}` | Opens any readable file as a new active document: `.vectorcraft`/`.drawcraft`, `.svg`/`.svgz`, `.pdf`/`.ai`, `.ait`, PNG, JPEG, GIF, WebP, TIFF, BMP (an image opens as a document of its pixel size). Templates open as a new untitled document. PDF, `.ai` and SVG files saved with Preserve Editing reopen as the document they carry. `run_command document.formats` lists the formats. |
+| `open_file` | `{path}` | Opens any readable file as a new active document: `.vectorcraft`/`.drawcraft`, `.vctemplate`, `.svg`/`.svgz`, `.pdf`/`.ai`, `.ait`, `.eps`, `.dxf`, `.emf`, `.wmf`, PNG, JPEG, GIF, WebP, TIFF, BMP (an image opens as a document of its pixel size). Templates (`.vctemplate`, `.ait`) open as a new untitled document. PDF, `.ai` and SVG files saved with Preserve Editing reopen as the document they carry. `run_command document.formats` lists the formats. |
 | `save_file` | `{path?}` | Runs `document.save`: the document's own file in its own format (native `.vectorcraft` unless it was opened from or saved as SVG, PDF or a restorable `.ai`; then `warnings` say what that format loses). A path's extension picks the format (`.vectorcraft`, `.vctemplate`, `.pdf`, `.svg`, `.svgz`, `.ai`: a PDF carrying the native document, which reopens editable). |
-| `export` | `{path?, format?, scale?, artboard?, range?, selection?, outlineText?, options?}` | `svg`, `pdf`, `png`, `jpg`, `webp`, `gif`, `png8` (an indexed `.png`), `tiff`, `bmp`, `tga`, `psd` (layered), `txt` (the document's text) or `vectorcraft` (the list comes from `document.formats`). When `format` is omitted, it comes from the path's extension. PDF writes one page per artboard: all of them, or `artboard` (0-based) / `range` (`"1-3, 5"`, 1-based); the other formats write one artboard. `options` carries more format options (e.g. `{"quality": 80}` for JPEG). `selection: true` exports the selected objects cropped to their bounds; `outlineText: true` writes SVG text as paths. Template layers are left out, live effects are kept, and exporting `vectorcraft` never changes the document's path. Without `path` the bytes come back as `dataBase64`. Both backends run the same `document.export` call. |
+| `export` | `{path?, format?, scale?, artboard?, range?, selection?, outlineText?, options?}` | `svg`, `svgz`, `pdf`, `eps`, `dxf`, `emf`, `wmf`, `png`, `jpg`, `webp`, `gif`, `png8` (an indexed `.png`), `tiff`, `bmp`, `tga`, `psd` (layered), `txt` (the document's text), `vectorcraft` or `template` (a native template). The tool's `format` enum and `document.formats` list them, generated from the engine's format table. When `format` is omitted, it comes from the path's extension. PDF writes one page per artboard: all of them, or `artboard` (0-based) / `range` (`"1-3, 5"`, 1-based); the other formats write one artboard. `options` carries more format options (e.g. `{"quality": 80}` for JPEG). `selection: true` exports the selected objects cropped to their bounds (the reply adds their `bounds`, and reports `format` and the encoder's `warnings` as a whole-document export does); `outlineText: true` writes SVG text as paths. Template layers are left out, live effects are kept, and exporting `vectorcraft` never changes the document's path. Without `path` the bytes come back as `dataBase64`. Both backends run the same `document.export` call. |
 | `add_text` | `{text, x?, y?, width?, height?, path?, mode?, pathEffect?, size?, font?, color?}` | Point type at (x, y); area type with `width`/`height`; or `path` + `mode` (`area`/`onPath`) to flow text in or along a path, with `pathEffect` (`rainbow`, `skew`, `3dRibbon`, `stairStep`, `gravity`). |
 | `apply_effect` | `{effect?, params?, ids?}` | Appends a live effect. Without `effect`, returns the effect catalogue with parameters and defaults. |
 | `pathfinder` | `{operation, ids?}` | `unite`, `minusFront`, `intersect`, `exclude`, `divide`, `trim`, `merge`, `crop`, `outline`, `minusBack`. For a live version, apply the `pathfinder.*` effect to a group (`effect.apply` groups several loose selected objects first). |
@@ -755,8 +755,9 @@ fills and strokes become objects among its members, and its members are expanded
 
 A colour linked to a global or spot swatch has a tint (the reference app's T slider): `paint.setFill {swatch,
 tint?: 0..100}` (and `paint.setStroke`) applies the swatch at that percentage, linked, so `swatch.edit` recolours it
-at its own tint. `paint.proxies` and `document.inspect` show the paint as `{type: "solid", color, swatch, tint}`
-(`tint` 0..1, left out at 100 %). `swatch.new {tint?}` with the current fill (or `swatch`) saves a tint swatch,
+at its own tint. `paint.proxies` shows the paint as `{type: "solid", color, swatch, tint}` (`tint` 0..1, left out at
+100 %); `document.inspect` reports it as a label, the swatch name, the tint below 100 % and the colour it gives
+(`"G1 40% (#ff9999)"`, `"G1 (#ff0000)"`). `swatch.new {tint?}` with the current fill (or `swatch`) saves a tint swatch,
 "Name 40%": `swatch.list` reports it with `tintOf` and `tint`, applying it links to its base at that tint, and it
 follows edits of its base. A spot tint prints that percentage of its plate (Separations Preview, PDF Separation
 value). `edit.colors.adjustBalance {tint: -100..100}` (Global mode) shifts the tints of the selection's linked
@@ -1679,14 +1680,16 @@ PostScript is read instead and the first warning says why.
 
 Other files are run through a small PostScript interpreter (Level 3, first page only): paths, fills and strokes with
 their width, caps, joins, miter limit and dashes (a fill and a stroke of the same path become one object), grey, RGB,
-CMYK, indexed and spot colours (a Separation ink becomes a spot swatch, painted at its tint), clips (clipping groups),
-`gsave`/`grestore`, `save`/`restore`, transforms, procedures with `bind def`, loops and dictionaries, axial and radial
-shadings and shading patterns (gradients), images and image masks (data in the file through ASCII85, hex, run-length,
-Flate, LZW or DCT filters, or from procedures), and type as point type in the font the file names (embedded font
-programs are skipped). The artboard is the `%%HiResBoundingBox` (else `%%BoundingBox`; a letter page without one).
-A program the interpreter can't run (an operator it doesn't know, an error, a runaway loop) or that draws nothing comes
-in as its TIFF preview with a warning; without a preview, the art drawn up to the error is kept with a warning, and a
-file with none is refused with a message saying why.
+CMYK, indexed and spot colours (a Separation ink becomes a spot swatch, painted at its tint), clips (clipping groups;
+`clipsave`/`cliprestore`), `gsave`/`grestore`, `save`/`restore`, transforms, procedures with `bind def`, loops,
+dictionaries, arrays and strings whose intervals share storage, resources (categories made from `Generic`,
+`resourceforall`), axial and radial shadings and shading patterns (gradients), images and image masks (data in the
+file through ASCII85, hex, run-length, Flate, LZW or DCT filters, or from procedures), and type as point type in the
+font the file names (embedded font programs are skipped). The artboard is the `%%HiResBoundingBox` (else
+`%%BoundingBox`; a letter page without one). A program the interpreter can't run (an operator it doesn't know, an
+error, a runaway loop) or that draws nothing comes in as its TIFF preview (palette previews with an alpha channel too)
+with a warning; without a preview, the art drawn up to the error is kept with a warning, and a file with none is
+refused with a message saying why.
 
 ```json
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"document.open","params":{"path":"/tmp/logo.eps"}}}
@@ -1787,6 +1790,20 @@ its undo history are as if the click never happened. Commands on the edited text
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.discardEmpty","params":{"id":42}}}
 ```
 
+## Resizing area type
+
+As in the reference app, dragging a bounding-box handle of area type resizes its type area instead of scaling the
+type: the Selection tool sends `object.transform {matrix, typeAreas: true}`, which reshapes the frame of each area
+type object it transforms (other objects, type inside groups and point type transform as usual) and reflows the
+text at its size, through its thread too. `text.reshapeArea {id, anchors: [[subpath, anchor]…], dx, dy}` moves
+frame anchors with their handles (Direct Selection dragging a corner, or an edge's two ends), and
+`text.areaOptions {width?, height?}` sizes the area from its top-left corner (the query returns both). Each is one
+undo step. Object › Transform › Scale, the Scale tool and the Transform panel still scale the type.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.reshapeArea","params":{"id":42,"anchors":[[0,2]],"dx":40,"dy":60}}}
+```
+
 ## Constrain proportions
 
 The link between W and H in the Transform panel, the Properties panel and the Control bar is the