Image Trace: a 16 megapixel photo is traced in 0.9 GB, not 3.9

Every colour layer took a mask, component labels, a fill stack and an edge map the size of the whole image,
and as many layers were traced at once as the machine has cores.

- A layer is traced within the box its pixels lie in.
- The stack that fills components holds `u32` indices (a mask has at most 64 million pixels).
- Layers are traced as many at a time as fit in half a gigabyte (about ten bytes a pixel of the largest
  layer's box each), on however many cores.

Peak memory above the image itself, photo-like image (docs/image-trace-quality.md), before -> after:
- 16 megapixels: High Fidelity Photo 3,856 -> 880 MB (2.85 -> 3.65 s), Low Fidelity Photo 1,972 -> 754 MB
  (1.49 -> 1.80 s), 16 Colors 1,625 -> 298 MB, Shades of Gray 852 -> 407 MB, Default 256 -> 199 MB
- 4 megapixels: High Fidelity Photo 981 -> 643 MB, 16 Colors 408 -> 122 MB, times unchanged
The traces are the same, path for path.

Cargo.lock

@@ -4580,6 +4580,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "vectorcraft-testkit",
  "vectorcraft-text",
  "windows",
+ "winsafe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

README.md

@@ -148,6 +148,9 @@ exposes to agents, and exported by VectorCraft's own renderer. The source files
 ## Quick start
 
 ```sh
+git clone https://github.com/storytold/vectorcraft
+cd vectorcraft
+
 cargo run --release -p vectorcraft                          # desktop app
 cargo run --release -p vectorcraft -- examples/dusk-poster.vectorcraft
 cargo run --release -p vectorcraft -- --control 7979        # + JSON control channel
@@ -217,7 +220,7 @@ doesn't write Affinity files. Current `.af` validation includes 33 pinned files,
 and every-board SVG/PDF/PSD export, with fixes for Affinity 3 artboards, source-backed JPEGs and text runs.
 [Scope and limits](crates/affinity/README.md); [source audit and remaining gaps](docs/affinity-validation.md).
 The interface
-speaks English, German, Japanese, Korean, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Russian and Ukrainian (and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese in the menus);
+speaks English, German, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Spanish, French, Hungarian, Italian, Russian and Ukrainian (and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese in the menus);
 [localization-parity.md](docs/localization-parity.md) has the details.
 The scores are self-assessed from our code against Illustrator's public documentation;
 [target-app-parity.md](docs/target-app-parity.md#how-this-was-measured-2026-10-10) explains how far to trust them.

ROADMAP.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 **Stage: alpha** · next: beta, ~13 points (ready for real work ~62% → ~75%, and reliable `.ai` exchange) and ~170–270 h away
 
-> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-13 · **Change:** minor (Image Trace places edges to a fraction of a pixel, measured in `docs/image-trace-quality.md`, headline numbers unchanged; Transform dialogs preview and the transform tools act on direct-selected anchors, #1412 and #1408; `.ai` compound path paint, #1410, overprint, #1388, and text-only PDF parts, #1387; community PRs: strokes wider than their shape, corner drags without the bounding box, pasted pictures, compound paths in `document.inspect`, MCP guide; headline numbers unchanged; community PRs: `.ai` editing-data follow-ups (gradient stops, type of objects with an appearance, short area-type frames), PDF bleed with editing data, dialog keyboard focus, art flush with an artboard, font rescan, symbol instance redraw, `--control` port check; headline numbers unchanged; Rectangular Grid and Polar Grid tool options, #1377 in part; `.ai` files with placed (linked) pictures open from their editing data, #1264; community PRs: `.ai` and PDF bleed and editing-data import, gradient shapes imported as paths, ruler origin, Align To, Live Corners corner selection; headline numbers unchanged; G2: Film Grain added; Photoshop effects 29/57; 28 filters remain; community PRs: graph designs, Graph Data worksheet and Graph Type options; Align both centres; Pen endpoint fixes; earlier: Effect › Brush Strokes landed: Photoshop-style filters 28 of 57, raster effects 40% → 48%; `.ai` gradients, meshes and artboard names from the editing data; headline numbers unchanged; `.ai` art styles and clipping fills from the editing data; headline numbers unchanged; `editingData: "always"`; headline numbers unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
+> **Last reviewed:** 2026-10-10 · **Last updated:** 2026-10-13 · **Change:** minor (Image Trace colour and photo presets, measured in `docs/image-trace-quality.md`, headline numbers unchanged; community PRs and fixes of 2026-10-12: Split Into Grid options, #1462; Transform Objects and Reflect across an angle, #1448 and #1460; Pathfinder on a group, #1450; unknown parameter keys refused, #1442; grayscale TIFFs with alpha, #1466 in part; many-object edits, #1429 in part; headline numbers unchanged; Image Trace places edges to a fraction of a pixel, measured in `docs/image-trace-quality.md`, headline numbers unchanged; Transform dialogs preview and the transform tools act on direct-selected anchors, #1412 and #1408; `.ai` compound path paint, #1410, overprint, #1388, and text-only PDF parts, #1387; community PRs: strokes wider than their shape, corner drags without the bounding box, pasted pictures, compound paths in `document.inspect`, MCP guide; headline numbers unchanged; community PRs: `.ai` editing-data follow-ups (gradient stops, type of objects with an appearance, short area-type frames), PDF bleed with editing data, dialog keyboard focus, art flush with an artboard, font rescan, symbol instance redraw, `--control` port check; headline numbers unchanged; Rectangular Grid and Polar Grid tool options, #1377 in part; `.ai` files with placed (linked) pictures open from their editing data, #1264; community PRs: `.ai` and PDF bleed and editing-data import, gradient shapes imported as paths, ruler origin, Align To, Live Corners corner selection; headline numbers unchanged; G2: Film Grain added; Photoshop effects 29/57; 28 filters remain; community PRs: graph designs, Graph Data worksheet and Graph Type options; Align both centres; Pen endpoint fixes; earlier: Effect › Brush Strokes landed: Photoshop-style filters 28 of 57, raster effects 40% → 48%; `.ai` gradients, meshes and artboard names from the editing data; headline numbers unchanged; `.ai` art styles and clipping fills from the editing data; headline numbers unchanged; `editingData: "always"`; headline numbers unchanged) · **Target:** Adobe Illustrator 2026 (30.x)
 
 VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adobe Illustrator workflow. It runs
 on macOS, Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and the web (WASM), and agents can drive all of it over MCP, the CLI and a JSON
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ blocking it ([Alpha gate](docs/roadmap.md#alpha-gate)).
 
 | Audience | Ready % | Opus 5.5 agent hours to ~95% (one agent) | With 4–6 agents | Work that dominates |
 |---|---:|---:|---:|---|
-| **Full Illustrator** (ready for real work; decides the stage) | **~62%** (57–67%) | **~340–560 h** | ~95–160 h | the mainstream work below, plus 3D (50–85 h), raster effects (23–39 h), advanced type (20–28 h), generative AI (30–60 h), localization (60–100 h) and ecosystem |
+| **Full Illustrator** (ready for real work; decides the stage) | **~62%** (57–67%) | **~340–560 h** | ~95–160 h | the mainstream work below, plus 3D (50–85 h), raster effects (23–39 h), advanced type (20–28 h), generative AI (30–60 h), localization (55–90 h) and ecosystem |
 | **Mainstream illustrator** | **~65%** (60–70%) | **~230–380 h** | ~65–110 h | the interaction-fidelity pass (60–90 h), hardening and QA (30–50 h), stability (20–35 h), performance budgets (15–25 h), `.ai` exchange (10–20 h), the remaining depth of the everyday areas |
 | **Essentials user** | **~75%** (70–80%) | **~60–105 h** | ~25–45 h | launch and stability on Windows (20–35 h), in-app help and onboarding (8–15 h), basic QA (10–15 h), Shape Builder regions (4–8 h), UI polish |
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ everything is measured from our code against Illustrator's public documentation.
 | UI/UX fidelity | 55% | 70–110 | [ui-parity.md](docs/ui-parity.md) |
 | File formats | 75% | 15–30 | [file-format-parity.md](docs/file-format-parity.md) |
 | Hardware (GPU, pen, touch, displays) | 35% | 25–45 | [hardware-parity.md](docs/hardware-parity.md) |
-| Localization (12 key languages) | 63% (measured) | 60–100 | [localization-parity.md](docs/localization-parity.md) |
+| Localization (12 key languages) | 71% (measured) | 55–90 | [localization-parity.md](docs/localization-parity.md) |
 | Performance | ~60% | 15–25 | [gaps.md › G15](docs/gaps.md#g15-performance-budgets-and-a-gpu-renderer) |
 | Stability | ~60% | 30–50 | [gaps.md › G10](docs/gaps.md#g10-launch-and-stability-on-real-machines) |
 | Platforms | 80% | 15–25 | [gaps.md › G8](docs/gaps.md#g8-hardening-at-scale) |
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ Weights, evidence and the missing items per area: [target-app-parity.md](docs/ta
 | Japanese | `ja` | full | 100% |
 | German | `de` | full | 98% |
 | Korean | `ko` | full | 100% |
-| Vietnamese | `vi` | none | 0% |
+| Vietnamese | `vi` | full | 100% |
 
 Also shipped: Traditional Chinese (partial, 80%), Hungarian, Italian, Russian and Ukrainian (full), Czech (catalog complete; render-site gaps reduced; native review pending).
 No catalog has had a native speaker's review. Details: [localization-parity.md](docs/localization-parity.md).
@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ Ranked; detail in [docs/roadmap.md](docs/roadmap.md) and [docs/gaps.md](docs/gap
 
 | Date | What landed |
 |---|---|
+| 2026-10-13 | Image Trace's colour presets trace flat art with its own colours however many are asked for (noise no longer shatters it: 16 Colors 70 → 4 paths on the harness's flat art; no slivers of in-between colour along anti-aliased edges), and the photo presets trace a photo into smooth tones without specks or hairlines (High Fidelity Photo 3,653 → 121 paths, colour error 2.30 → 1.75; 16 megapixels traced where 4 were refused) ([`docs/image-trace-quality.md`](docs/image-trace-quality.md)). |
 | 2026-10-13 | Image Trace traces anti-aliased and blurred images to a fraction of a pixel in Black and White, Grayscale and Color, with corners put back, straight edges as lines and round outlines as circles; a harness measures every preset before and after ([`docs/image-trace-quality.md`](docs/image-trace-quality.md)): outlines 0.31 → 0.09 px off on average (Default), 0.27 → 0.06 (Black and White Logo). |
+| 2026-10-13 | Effect › 3D and Materials: Inflate takes Twist, Taper and Cap (Hollow leaves the back open), as the 3D docs list for every type. |
 | 2026-10-12 | Effect › 3D and Materials: Extrude & Bevel (depth, twist, taper, solid or hollow caps, five bevel shapes with repeat, spacing, inside and both sides), Inflate (volume, both sides) and Rotate, with Position presets and the rotation and light gizmos; live, exported as vector faces, expandable (#1407). |
 | 2026-10-12 | `convert --editing-data` (`editingData: "always"`) opens a `.ai` from its editing data even where its page, which can be older, draws differently, with a note. |
 | 2026-10-12 | `.ai` import reads an object's art style (a fill and a stroke, variable widths too, with an Outer Glow or Drop Shadow) as its own appearance, paints a clipping path's own fill under what it clips and keeps a group's transparency as its PDF part draws them. |
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ Ranked; detail in [docs/roadmap.md](docs/roadmap.md) and [docs/gaps.md](docs/gap
 | 2026-10-12 | The Rectangular Grid and Polar Grid tools take their options: a click opens the size, the divider counts with a skew slider each, Use Outside Rectangle As Frame (rectangular) or Create Compound Path From Ellipses (polar) and Fill Grid; the choices stay with the tool, so dragging draws with them, and scripts and agents pass them to `shape.rectangularGrid` and `shape.polarGrid` (#1377, in part). |
 | 2026-10-12 | A `.ai` file with placed (linked) pictures opens from its editing data, with its guides, sublayers and hidden objects: each picture is a linked image in its place, showing the low-resolution preview the file keeps until its file is found or relinked (#1264). Scores unchanged. |
 | 2026-10-12 | Desktop printing adopts the shared `craft-print` spooler with exact physical sheet sizes. Windows 7 retains its WMI/viewer transport and excludes the shared backend; compatibility CI checks the dependency tree and PE imports. Scores unchanged. |
-| 2026-10-12 | Graphs: Object › Graph › Design… and Marker… (designs with a preview, New Design, Rename, Delete Design, Paste Design, Select Unused, and markers drawn with a design or None) (#1092); Graph Data opens as a worksheet with Import Data…, column width and decimals (#1138), and takes Transpose, Switch x/y, `|` line breaks in labels and the pie Legend, Position and Sort options (#1115); Graph Type adds Add Drop Shadow and Add Legend Across Top (#1119), widths past 100%, First Row and First Column in Front, and Draw Filled Lines (#1136); graphs keep their label formatting when drawn again (#1137). Align: a Horizontal & Vertical Align Center button (#1073); Align to Key Object makes the topmost selected object the key (#1221), and the palette's key entry reads Cancel Key Object (#1224). Pen: the nearest end wins over snapping, Alt on the last anchor edits it, and Enter, Escape or a tool switch finish a handle preview as one undo step (#821). Direct Selection: a click on an anchor of an already selected path selects that anchor alone (#1237). Make Compound Path keeps the backmost object's paint, and a selected member reads and changes the compound's fill rule (#1225). Shape Builder and Live Paint no longer turn a line's loose end past a crossing into a piece that runs out and back (#1230). Art moved or duplicated with an artboard follows Transform Pattern Tiles (#1219). A click with the Rectangular Grid tool opens its options dialog (#1169). Commands that change nothing (Lock, Hide, Transform Each, Rearrange Artboards and others) add no undo step (#1233). Saving with missing placed files keeps their relink data, and .ai export honours the chosen artboards (#718). SVG export keeps Unicode data-attribute names, and SVG Options refuses an invalid artboard range (#989). CMYK colours given in percent with a component under 1 keep their scale (#1249). Colour Image Trace keeps close dark tones apart (#1247). macOS: the Save sheet has a Format menu (#1235). The Hand and Zoom tools show drawn cursors on every platform (#1238). Czech: the remaining strings are translated, and Pathfinder's Add reads "Sjednotit" (#1226). MCP: a lost reply reports that the edit may have happened instead of replaying it (#1246); `select.key` checks its id and agents can read the key object (#1222). Tests: the command sweeps and import fuzz tests fail on a panic caught by the engine's guard (#1218), and the envelope export test ignores PDF dates and file IDs (#1220). Effect › Artistic › Film Grain (Grain, Highlight Area, Intensity; Photoshop-style filters 29/57) (#1282), and Craquelure, Mosaic Tiles and Stained Glass redraw 25–30% faster with identical pixels (#1265). Direct Selection: clicking a segment selects only that segment, and Delete removes just it (#1300); Shift-click deselects one anchor of a path selected whole (#1263). Pen + Alt converts anchors of paths inside a selected group or compound path (#1306). The Curvature tool shows circular point markers without direction handles (#1284). Snap to Point: pressing near an anchor drags by that anchor, with Smart Guides on or off (#1313). Transform Again repeats the options of the transform it repeats (#1303). Aligning anchors that are already aligned adds no undo step (#1276), and type commands that change nothing record none either (#1316). Simplify keeps the path selected with its new anchors, and its dialog previews and shows the anchor count (#1305). Adding a stroke colour to an unpainted zero-width stroke gives it a visible 1 pt width (#1256). The Eyedropper samples locked objects, template layers and art outside isolation mode (#1260), and shows a pipette cursor (#1288). Fonts named by their full name resolve to the right face (#1267), and Proportional Metrics brings the matching kerning (`apkn`, `vkrn`, `vapk`) (#1291). Artboards: Escape leaves Artboard editing (#1296), Document Setup's Edit Artboards switches to the Artboard tool (#1294), and the Artboard tool starts on the active artboard (#1309). New and imported documents use the Gridline every and Subdivisions preferences (#1314). Send to Current Layer refuses a hidden or locked current layer (#1301), and layer row commands check explicit ids (#1255). Links: Find in Folder… finds missing linked files in a folder and its subfolders and can copy them into the document's folder (#1287). Image Trace traces images over 64 megapixels scaled down instead of refusing them (#1315). DXF export marks closed curves as closed SPLINE entities (#1320). EPS import: closepath respects the path size limit (#1311). The interface is available in Hungarian (#1302), and more Czech labels are translated (#1259). Linux RPMs declare shared-library capabilities (#1290). CI pins every third-party action to a verified commit (#1321). Select menu commands skip hidden and locked art and stay inside the isolated group in isolation mode (#1325). Fill, stroke, gradient and Appearance panel commands that change nothing add no undLine truncated
+| 2026-10-12 | Graphs: Object › Graph › Design… and Marker… (designs with a preview, New Design, Rename, Delete Design, Paste Design, Select Unused, and markers drawn with a design or None) (#1092); Graph Data opens as a worksheet with Import Data…, column width and decimals (#1138), and takes Transpose, Switch x/y, `|` line breaks in labels and the pie Legend, Position and Sort options (#1115); Graph Type adds Add Drop Shadow and Add Legend Across Top (#1119), widths past 100%, First Row and First Column in Front, and Draw Filled Lines (#1136); graphs keep their label formatting when drawn again (#1137). Align: a Horizontal & Vertical Align Center button (#1073); Align to Key Object makes the topmost selected object the key (#1221), and the palette's key entry reads Cancel Key Object (#1224). Pen: the nearest end wins over snapping, Alt on the last anchor edits it, and Enter, Escape or a tool switch finish a handle preview as one undo step (#821). Direct Selection: a click on an anchor of an already selected path selects that anchor alone (#1237). Make Compound Path keeps the backmost object's paint, and a selected member reads and changes the compound's fill rule (#1225). Shape Builder and Live Paint no longer turn a line's loose end past a crossing into a piece that runs out and back (#1230). Art moved or duplicated with an artboard follows Transform Pattern Tiles (#1219). A click with the Rectangular Grid tool opens its options dialog (#1169). Commands that change nothing (Lock, Hide, Transform Each, Rearrange Artboards and others) add no undo step (#1233). Saving with missing placed files keeps their relink data, and .ai export honours the chosen artboards (#718). SVG export keeps Unicode data-attribute names, and SVG Options refuses an invalid artboard range (#989). CMYK colours given in percent with a component under 1 keep their scale (#1249). Colour Image Trace keeps close dark tones apart (#1247). macOS: the Save sheet has a Format menu (#1235). The Hand and Zoom tools show drawn cursors on every platform (#1238). Czech: the remaining strings are translated, and Pathfinder's Add reads "Sjednotit" (#1226). MCP: a lost reply reports that the edit may have happened instead of replaying it (#1246); `select.key` checks its id and agents can read the key object (#1222). Tests: the command sweeps and import fuzz tests fail on a panic caught by the engine's guard (#1218), and the envelope export test ignores PDF dates and file IDs (#1220). Effect › Artistic › Film Grain (Grain, Highlight Area, Intensity; Photoshop-style filters 29/57) (#1282), and Craquelure, Mosaic Tiles and Stained Glass redraw 25–30% faster with identical pixels (#1265). Direct Selection: clicking a segment selects only that segment, and Delete removes just it (#1300); Shift-click deselects one anchor of a path selected whole (#1263). Pen + Alt converts anchors of paths inside a selected group or compound path (#1306). The Curvature tool shows circular point markers without direction handles (#1284). Snap to Point: pressing near an anchor drags by that anchor, with Smart Guides on or off (#1313). Transform Again repeats the options of the transform it repeats (#1303). Aligning anchors that are already aligned adds no undo step (#1276), and type commands that change nothing record none either (#1316). Simplify keeps the path selected with its new anchors, and its dialog previews and shows the anchor count (#1305). Adding a stroke colour to an unpainted zero-width stroke gives it a visible 1 pt width (#1256). The Eyedropper samples locked objects, template layers and art outside isolation mode (#1260), and shows a pipette cursor (#1288). Fonts named by their full name resolve to the right face (#1267), and Proportional Metrics brings the matching kerning (`apkn`, `vkrn`, `vapk`) (#1291). Artboards: Escape leaves Artboard editing (#1296), Document Setup's Edit Artboards switches to the Artboard tool (#1294), and the Artboard tool starts on the active artboard (#1309). New and imported documents use the Gridline every and Subdivisions preferences (#1314). Send to Current Layer refuses a hidden or locked current layer (#1301), and layer row commands check explicit ids (#1255). Links: Find in Folder… finds missing linked files in a folder and its subfolders and can copy them into the document's folder (#1287). Image Trace traces images over 64 megapixels scaled down instead of refusing them (#1315). DXF export marks closed curves as closed SPLINE entities (#1320). EPS import: closepath respects the path size limit (#1311). The interface is available in Hungarian (#1302), and more Czech labels are translated (#1259). Linux RPMs declare shared-library capabilities (#1290). CI pins every third-party action to a verified commit (#1321). Select menu commands skip hidden and locked art and stay inside the isolated group in isolation mode (#1325). Fill, stroke, gradient and Appearance panel commands that change nothing add no undLine truncated
 | 2026-10-11 | Effect › Brush Strokes: Accented Edges, Angled Strokes, Crosshatch, Dark Strokes, Ink Outlines, Spatter, Sprayed Strokes, Sumi-e (G2). Command parameters from agents and files checked before anything changes (paint, place, cuts, dashes, crop, asset ids, anchors, paths, distort; #984–#999); command dialogs keep whole numbers whole, so Create Object Mosaic takes the tiles typed (#1000); stepper arrows take Shift (×10) and Ctrl/Cmd (÷10) like the arrow keys (#991). Exports and Rasterize supersample Art Optimized edges, so shapes meeting edge to edge leave no seam (#983). Character and paragraph styles take leading, kerning, mojikumi and the other attributes left out at their defaults (#1001). Drawing, typing and pasting with no layer shown and unlocked is refused instead of adding art to a hidden or locked layer (#1002). MCP `add_text` gives type on or in a path the colour asked for (#1003). MCP `screenshot` of a connected app renders the artboard asked for (#1004). `vectorcraft-cli run` ends quietly when its reader closes early (#1005). Select › All on Active Artboard selects on the artboard made active, not always the first (#1006). Reverse Gradient keeps off-centre midpoints, mirrored (#1007). A polar grid with no radial dividers draws none (#1008). Use Precise Cursors also covers the Pen's join pointer (#1009). SVGs with one absolute and one unitless root side import at their size, unstretched (#1010). DXF US survey inches, yards and miles open at their size and name (#1011). A file placed into a document with no other links follows its first change even while the app sits idle (#1031). PDF import keeps the style a font name says when the file doesn't embed the font (#1023). Shift selects ruler guides and art together, and Delete removes both (#1022). Open filled paths are hit by their fill on every side, the rotate cursor bows around the corner it is at, the flip icons match their flips, the Color Picker previews on the selection, and Properties › Transform reaches Scale Corners and Scale Strokes & Effects (#1036). Offset Path and the other booleans finish on outlines where the sweep used to loop until memory ran out (linesweeper 0.5, #1028). Floating panel groups stack into sets that move together, collapse to their tabs and dock as extra dock columns that scroll (#1020). Ruler guides live on layers: listed in the Layers panel, shown, hidden, locked, duplicated, merged and deleted with their layer, and moved between layers (#1021). A `.ai` whose editing data uses global process colours (`Xk`/`XK`) or pattern fills keeps its sublayers: the colours come in as global swatches at their tint, the patterns as pattern swatches (#1025). A `.ai` in PostScript form opens through its layers, read from the program itself, also when it names the prolog defining its operators without including it, as Rhino and other CAD apps write it (#1027). A fill or stroke chosen while the Type tool has characters selected colours just those characters (#1063). Scaled type shows its scaled font size, leading, baseline shift and horizontal scale in the Character panel, and a size typed there is the size you get (#1034). Character panel menu › Proportional Metrics sets Japanese and Chinese full-width glyphs on the font's proportional widths in horizontal type (#966). Align, Distribute, Move, Arrange, Lock, Hide, Ungroup and other Object commands that would change nothing no longer record an undo step or mark the document changed (#1060). Spot colours defined in Lab open with their Lab values from `.ai` and PDF files, instead of as wrong RGB colours or their CMYK equivalents (#1032). Build scripts leave a generated source they wouldn't change untouched, so the next build doesn't compile most of the workspace again where file times lose their sub-second part (#1051). A fill colour recolours the gradient mesh point last clicked with the Mesh tool or Direct Selection, and a Mesh tool click on a mesh's point selects that mesh (#1052). The All Tools drawer stays two tools wide instead of filling a wide window (#1054). Text Wrap's Make, Release and Options refuse a list of object ids with a malformed or unknown id instead of skipping it (#1055). A freeform gradient line with a malformed point index is refused instead of being shortened to the indices that are valid (#1056). The Corners dialog (`ui.corners`) refuses a malformed object id or a listed anchor that isn't a corner instead of editing the selection or the other corners (#1057). New View refuses a centre that isn't exactly [x, y] and a rotation that isn't a number, instead of trimming the one and saving the other as 0° (#1058). The command sweeps try junk scale, spacing and artboard values too, which they had skipped since before those bugs were fixed (#1059). EPS and PostScript `arc` and `arcn` with huge angles no longer hang the import, and an arc whose angles are whole turns apart is empty, as the PostScript reference defines it (#1062). Align and DisLine truncated
 | 2026-10-10 | Initial live Revolve (Effect › 3D and Materials, #846, #605), in its own `three-d` crate. Progress docs re-measured and restructured to the craftrules standard (this page, `docs/target-app-parity.md`, `gaps.md`, `ui-parity.md`, the format, hardware, localization, effects and type checklists). Same day: v0.8.0; Effect › Distort, Pixelate and Texture filters (13); German interface; Variables (data merge); Graph Type value axes and tick marks; restart when the first frame never reaches the screen (#964) |
 | 2026-10-09 | Radial Blur, Smart Blur, Unsharp Mask (gap 2 begins); 340 commits, the busiest day |

apps/vectorcraft-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
 log = { workspace = true }
 
+# `perf` on Windows (src/perf.rs) reads how busy the processors are (GetSystemTimes) and this
+# process's working set (GetProcessMemoryInfo) through winsafe's safe wrappers over Win32 (MIT),
+# which the desktop app's src/gpu.rs also uses.
+[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
+winsafe = { version = "0.0.29", default-features = false, features = ["kernel", "psapi"] }
+
 # DirectWrite's system font collection (the desktop app's src/system_fonts.rs, shared): fonts that
 # font services such as Adobe Fonts load in place (#579). MIT OR Apache-2.0.
 [target.'cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))'.dependencies]

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //! vectorcraft-cli convert IN OUT [--scale 2] [--artboard 0 | --range 1-3,5] [--outline-text] [--decimals N] [--replace-lossy] [--editing-data]
 //! vectorcraft-cli info FILE
 //! vectorcraft-cli bench FILE [--size 2880x1800] [--iters 5]
-//! vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths 50000]
+//! vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths 50000] [--deep]
 //! ```
 // Denied, not forbidden: the font listers shared with the desktop app allow it for their
 // DirectWrite (Windows) and CoreText (macOS) calls, and nothing else may.
@@ -104,9 +104,11 @@ USAGE:
       Render FILE (any readable format) fitted to WxH (default 2880x1800) and print ms per frame
       (warm), multithreaded and single-threaded.
 
-  vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths N]
-      Check the performance budgets (render, pan, hit test, save/load, SVG, Pathfinder) on a
-      synthetic N-path document (default 50000). Exits non-zero if a budget is exceeded.
+  vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths N] [--deep]
+      Check the performance budgets (render, pan, hit test, save/load, SVG, Pathfinder, handle
+      and segment drags) on a synthetic N-path document (default 50000). Exits non-zero if a
+      budget is exceeded, unless the report says the machine is busy. --deep also times work with
+      no budget yet and prints memory use (the working set on Windows).
 ";
 
 /// The usage text plus the formats `document.open` reads and `document.export` writes.

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/perf.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 //! `vectorcraft-cli perf`: the performance budgets (plan §4) measured on a synthetic document.
 //!
-//! Each row is the median of several runs. Timings are wall-clock: on a busy machine (load
-//! average above the core count) they are noise, and the report says so.
+//! Each row is the median of several runs. Timings are wall-clock: on a busy machine (a load
+//! average above three quarters of the cores, or on Windows more than three quarters of the
+//! cores busy over a second) they are noise, and the report says so.
 
 use std::time::Instant;
 
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ fn median_ms(runs: usize, mut f: impl FnMut()) -> f64 {
 }
 
 /// 1-minute load average (macOS / Linux), if available.
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 fn load_average() -> Option<f64> {
     let out = std::process::Command::new("sysctl").args(["-n", "vm.loadavg"]).output().ok().filter(|o| o.status.success());
     let text = match out {
@@ -70,6 +72,27 @@ fn load_average() -> Option<f64> {
     text.split_whitespace().map(|t| t.trim_matches(|c| c == '{' || c == '}')).find_map(|t| t.parse().ok())
 }
 
+/// The cores busy on average over one second (Windows), if available: the share of the
+/// processors' time that `GetSystemTimes` reports as kernel or user time but not as idle time,
+/// times `cores`. A load average also counts the threads waiting for a core.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn busy_cores(cores: usize) -> Option<f64> {
+    let times = || winsafe::GetSystemTimes().ok().map(|(idle, kernel, user)| [idle, kernel, user].map(u64::from));
+    let before = times()?;
+    std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_secs(1));
+    busy_share(before, times()?).map(|share| share * cores as f64)
+}
+
+/// The share of the processors' time between two `[idle, kernel, user]` readings of
+/// `GetSystemTimes` that was busy (kernel time includes idle time). It is None when no time
+/// passed, a time went back, or the idle time exceeds the kernel and user time.
+#[cfg(any(windows, test))]
+fn busy_share([idle0, kernel0, user0]: [u64; 3], [idle1, kernel1, user1]: [u64; 3]) -> Option<f64> {
+    let total = kernel1.checked_sub(kernel0)?.checked_add(user1.checked_sub(user0)?)?;
+    let busy = total.checked_sub(idle1.checked_sub(idle0)?)?;
+    (total > 0).then(|| busy as f64 / total as f64)
+}
+
 /// Milliseconds per pointer move of a Direct Selection drag of a handle, then of a segment, of a
 /// 5,000-anchor wave of smooth anchors added on top of the synthetic `n`-path document.
 fn edit_drags(n: usize) -> Result<(f64, f64), String> {
@@ -114,12 +137,21 @@ fn edit_drags(n: usize) -> Result<(f64, f64), String> {
 }
 
 /// Resident memory of this process in MB (`ps`), if available.
+#[cfg(not(windows))]
 fn rss_mb() -> Option<f64> {
     let pid = std::process::id().to_string();
     let out = std::process::Command::new("ps").args(["-o", "rss=", "-p", &pid]).output().ok().filter(|o| o.status.success())?;
     String::from_utf8_lossy(&out.stdout).trim().parse::<f64>().ok().map(|kb| kb / 1024.0)
 }
 
+/// The working set of this process in MB (`GetProcessMemoryInfo`), if available: its pages that
+/// are in physical memory, the figure `ps` reports as resident memory elsewhere.
+#[cfg(windows)]
+fn rss_mb() -> Option<f64> {
+    let counters = winsafe::HPROCESS::GetCurrentProcess().GetProcessMemoryInfo().ok()?;
+    Some(counters.WorkingSetSize as f64 / (1024.0 * 1024.0))
+}
+
 /// `--deep`: tracked rows (no budget yet) for work the budgets above don't reach: editing a whole
 /// selection, live effects, every Pathfinder operation, typing in a long story, and memory.
 fn deep(n: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
@@ -243,8 +275,10 @@ fn deep(n: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
     for (name, ms) in &rows {
         outln!("  {name:<52} {ms:>10.2} ms");
     }
+    // `rss_mb` reads the working set on Windows.
+    let memory = if cfg!(windows) { "working set" } else { "memory" };
     for (what, mb) in &mem {
-        outln!("  memory {what:<45} {mb:>8.0} MB");
+        outln!("  {:<52} {mb:>8.0} MB", format!("{memory} {what}"));
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -261,8 +295,12 @@ pub fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
         }
     }
     let cores = std::thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, |c| c.get());
-    let load = load_average();
-    outln!("VectorCraft performance budgets — {n} paths, {cores} cores, load average {}", load.map_or("?".into(), |l| format!("{l:.1}")));
+    // The figure is the 1-minute load average, or on Windows the cores busy over one second.
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    let (load, label) = (load_average(), "load average");
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    let (load, label) = (busy_cores(cores), "cores busy");
+    outln!("VectorCraft performance budgets — {n} paths, {cores} cores, {label} {}", load.map_or("?".into(), |l| format!("{l:.1}")));
     let noisy = load.is_some_and(|l| l > cores as f64 * 0.75);
     if noisy {
         outln!("WARNING: the machine is busy; wall-clock timings below are not trustworthy.");
@@ -358,3 +396,38 @@ pub fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
         _ => Err(format!("{over} budget(s) exceeded")),
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn busy_share_leaves_out_idle_time() {
+        // In one second four processors log 40,000,000 ticks of 100 ns of kernel and user time,
+        // 10,000,000 of them idle.
+        assert_eq!(busy_share([7, 100, 50], [10_000_007, 25_000_100, 15_000_050]), Some(0.75));
+        // There is no share when no time passed, a time went back, or the idle time exceeds the
+        // kernel and user time.
+        assert_eq!(busy_share([7, 100, 50], [7, 100, 50]), None);
+        assert_eq!(busy_share([7, 100, 50], [8, 99, 60]), None);
+        assert_eq!(busy_share([0, 0, 0], [30, 10, 10]), None);
+    }
+
+    /// On Windows `busy_cores` gives a number between 0 and the cores.
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[test]
+    fn windows_reads_how_many_cores_are_busy() {
+        let cores = std::thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, |c| c.get());
+        let busy = busy_cores(cores);
+        assert!(busy.is_some_and(|b| (0.0..=cores as f64).contains(&b)), "{busy:?} of {cores}");
+    }
+
+    /// On Windows `rss_mb` gives this process's working set: more than 0 MB and less than
+    /// 10,000 MB.
+    #[cfg(windows)]
+    #[test]
+    fn windows_reads_the_working_set() {
+        let mb = rss_mb();
+        assert!(mb.is_some_and(|mb| mb > 0.0 && mb < 10_000.0), "{mb:?}");
+    }
+}

apps/vectorcraft-cli/tests/fileio.rs

@@ -83,6 +83,12 @@ fn help_lists_readable_formats() {
     assert!(out.contains("Readable formats: .vectorcraft") && out.contains(".ait") && out.contains(".webp"), "{out}");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn help_lists_perf_deep() {
+    let out = ok(&["--help"]);
+    assert!(out.contains("vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths N] [--deep]") && out.contains("--deep also times"), "{out}");
+}
+
 /// `info` reports the import warnings: an EPS read only up to an error names it.
 #[test]
 fn info_reports_why_an_eps_read_partly() {

apps/vectorcraft/src/gpu.rs

@@ -113,6 +113,13 @@ pub fn backends(default: Backends, env_set: bool) -> Backends {
     if cfg!(windows) && !env_set { Backends::DX12 | Backends::GL } else { default }
 }
 
+/// The largest texture side to ask the device for, which bounds the window's surface: the
+/// adapter's own limit when it is above eframe's `default` (8192 px), so a window larger than
+/// that keeps its surface (#1459). Never below `default`, which is what was asked for before.
+pub fn surface_limit(default: u32, adapter: u32) -> u32 {
+    default.max(adapter)
+}
+
 /// One adapter, as [`adapter_order`] sees it.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct Candidate {
@@ -547,6 +554,14 @@ mod tests {
         Candidate { key: format!("{backend:?}:{name}"), name: name.into(), backend, device_type, pci: (0, 0), presents: true }
     }
 
+    /// #1459: a 9048 px wide window (two display scales' ratio past 8192) fits an adapter that
+    /// takes 16384 px textures; an adapter with less than eframe asks for changes nothing.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_surface_may_be_as_large_as_the_adapter_allows() {
+        assert_eq!(surface_limit(8192, 16384), 16384);
+        assert_eq!(surface_limit(8192, 4096), 8192);
+    }
+
     fn names(c: &[Candidate], order: &[usize]) -> Vec<String> {
         order.iter().map(|&i| c[i].name.clone()).collect()
     }

apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs

@@ -752,6 +752,16 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
             // losing the device before the first frame (#1194). `WGPU_DX12_COMPILER` picks another.
             create.instance_descriptor.backend_options.dx12.shader_compiler =
                 eframe::wgpu::Dx12Compiler::from_env().unwrap_or(eframe::wgpu::Dx12Compiler::Fxc);
+            // The window's surface may be as large as the adapter allows, not eframe's fixed
+            // 8192 px: a window stretched over several monitors, or grown by a display scale
+            // change, otherwise fails to configure its surface and the app closes (#1459).
+            let device = create.device_descriptor.clone();
+            create.device_descriptor = std::sync::Arc::new(move |adapter: &eframe::wgpu::Adapter| {
+                let mut descriptor = device(adapter);
+                let limit = &mut descriptor.required_limits.max_texture_dimension_2d;
+                *limit = gpu::surface_limit(*limit, adapter.limits().max_texture_dimension_2d);
+                descriptor
+            });
         }
         options
     };

crates/doc/src/cmyk.rs

@@ -136,38 +136,57 @@ fn tiff_inks(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<Inks> {
     Inks::new(w, h, data)
 }
 
-/// A CMYK TIFF with an alpha channel (5 samples) as RGBA pixels, each colour converted by `rgb`
-/// (ink amounts 0..1 → sRGB 0..1) and associated (premultiplied) alpha divided back out; `None`
-/// for other images, planar ones and ones larger than [`MAX_CMYK_PIXELS`]. The image decoder
-/// doesn't read these at all; the inks can't be kept with the transparency, so they show as RGB.
-pub fn cmyka_tiff_rgba(bytes: &[u8], rgb: impl Fn([f32; 4]) -> [f32; 3]) -> Option<image::RgbaImage> {
+/// A TIFF whose pixels have samples after their colour, which the image decoder doesn't read at
+/// all, as RGBA pixels: CMYK with an alpha channel (5 samples), each colour converted by `rgb` (ink
+/// amounts 0..1 → sRGB 0..1; the inks can't be kept with the transparency, so they show as RGB),
+/// and grayscale with extra samples, of which the first is the alpha when the file says so (other
+/// channels are left out). Associated (premultiplied) alpha is divided back out. `None` for other
+/// images, planar ones and ones larger than [`MAX_CMYK_PIXELS`].
+pub fn extra_samples_tiff_rgba(bytes: &[u8], rgb: impl Fn([f32; 4]) -> [f32; 3]) -> Option<image::RgbaImage> {
+    use tiff::tags::Tag;
     let (kind, mut d) = tiff(bytes)?;
     let (w, h) = d.dimensions().ok()?;
-    let planar = d.find_tag_unsigned::<u16>(tiff::tags::Tag::PlanarConfiguration).ok().flatten().is_some_and(|p| p != 1);
-    if !matches!(kind, tiff::ColorType::CMYKA(8 | 16)) || planar {
+    let planar = d.find_tag_unsigned::<u16>(Tag::PlanarConfiguration).ok().flatten().is_some_and(|p| p != 1);
+    // 0: white is zero, 1: black is zero (the two grayscales).
+    let photometric = d.find_tag_unsigned::<u16>(Tag::PhotometricInterpretation).ok().flatten();
+    // ExtraSamples 1: associated alpha (premultiplied colour), 2: unassociated alpha, 0: not alpha.
+    let extra = d.find_tag_unsigned_vec::<u16>(Tag::ExtraSamples).ok().flatten().and_then(|v| v.first().copied());
+    // (samples in a pixel, how many of them are its colour, is the next one alpha?)
+    let (samples, colour, alpha) = match kind {
+        tiff::ColorType::CMYKA(8 | 16) => (5, 4, true),
+        tiff::ColorType::Multiband { bit_depth: 8 | 16, num_samples: n @ 2.. } if matches!(photometric, Some(0 | 1)) => {
+            (usize::from(n), 1, matches!(extra, Some(1 | 2)))
+        }
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    if planar {
         return None;
     }
     let n = usize::try_from(pixels(w, h)?).ok()?;
-    // ExtraSamples 1: associated alpha (premultiplied colour); 2 (or none stated): unassociated.
-    let associated = d.find_tag_unsigned_vec::<u16>(tiff::tags::Tag::ExtraSamples).ok().flatten().is_some_and(|v| v.first() == Some(&1));
     let data: Vec<u8> = match d.read_image().ok()? {
         tiff::decoder::DecodingResult::U8(v) => v,
         tiff::decoder::DecodingResult::U16(v) => v.iter().map(|s| (s >> 8) as u8).collect(),
         _ => return None,
     };
-    if data.len() != n * 5 {
+    if Some(data.len()) != n.checked_mul(samples) {
         return None;
     }
     let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(n * 4);
-    for p in data.as_chunks::<5>().0 {
-        let a = f32::from(p[4]) / 255.0;
-        let ink = |v: u8| {
+    for p in data.chunks_exact(samples) {
+        let opacity = if alpha { p.get(colour).copied().unwrap_or(u8::MAX) } else { u8::MAX };
+        let a = f32::from(opacity) / 255.0;
+        let level = |v: u8| {
             let v = f32::from(v) / 255.0;
-            if associated && a > 0.0 { (v / a).min(1.0) } else { v }
+            if extra == Some(1) && a > 0.0 { (v / a).min(1.0) } else { v }
+        };
+        let [r, g, b] = match *p {
+            [c, m, y, k, ..] if colour == 4 => rgb([level(c), level(m), level(y), level(k)]),
+            [v, ..] if photometric == Some(0) => [1.0 - level(v); 3],
+            [v, ..] => [level(v); 3],
+            [] => continue,
         };
-        let [r, g, b] = rgb([ink(p[0]), ink(p[1]), ink(p[2]), ink(p[3])]);
         out.extend([r, g, b].map(|v| (v.clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 255.0).round() as u8));
-        out.push(p[4]);
+        out.push(opacity);
     }
     image::RgbaImage::from_raw(w, h, out)
 }
@@ -187,12 +206,44 @@ mod tests {
         img.write_data(&[255, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0, 0, 0, 128, 128]).unwrap();
         let bytes = file.into_inner();
         let naive = |[c, m, y, k]: [f32; 4]| [(1.0 - c) * (1.0 - k), (1.0 - m) * (1.0 - k), (1.0 - y) * (1.0 - k)];
-        let px = cmyka_tiff_rgba(&bytes, naive).expect("CMYKA reads");
+        let px = extra_samples_tiff_rgba(&bytes, naive).expect("CMYKA reads");
         assert_eq!(px.dimensions(), (2, 1));
         assert_eq!(px.get_pixel(0, 0).0, [0, 255, 255, 255], "cyan, opaque");
         assert_eq!(px.get_pixel(1, 0).0, [0, 0, 0, 128], "the premultiplied K divided back out: black at half alpha");
         // Not CMYKA: not this reader's.
-        assert!(cmyka_tiff_rgba(&ImageBlob::cmyk_tiff(&inks()).unwrap().bytes, naive).is_none());
+        assert!(extra_samples_tiff_rgba(&ImageBlob::cmyk_tiff(&inks()).unwrap().bytes, naive).is_none());
+    }
+
+    /// Two 8-bit samples a pixel: gray and one extra sample, which the file's `ExtraSamples` names.
+    struct GrayExtra8;
+    impl tiff::encoder::colortype::ColorType for GrayExtra8 {
+        type Inner = u8;
+        const TIFF_VALUE: tiff::tags::PhotometricInterpretation = tiff::tags::PhotometricInterpretation::BlackIsZero;
+        const BITS_PER_SAMPLE: &'static [u16] = &[8, 8];
+        const SAMPLE_FORMAT: &'static [tiff::tags::SampleFormat] = &[tiff::tags::SampleFormat::Uint; 2];
+        fn horizontal_predict(row: &[u8], result: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+            result.extend_from_slice(row);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// A grayscale TIFF with an alpha channel, or with a channel that isn't one (#1466): the image
+    /// decoder reads neither.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_grayscale_tiff_with_an_extra_channel_reads_as_rgba() {
+        let gray = |extra: u16| {
+            let mut file = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
+            let mut enc = tiff::encoder::TiffEncoder::new(&mut file).unwrap();
+            let mut img = enc.new_image::<GrayExtra8>(3, 1).unwrap();
+            img.encoder().write_tag(tiff::tags::Tag::ExtraSamples, &[extra][..]).unwrap();
+            // White opaque, a gray of 64 at 80% alpha (premultiplied: 51), black with no alpha.
+            img.write_data(&[255, 255, 51, 204, 0, 0]).unwrap();
+            let bytes = file.into_inner();
+            assert!(image::load_from_memory(&bytes).is_err(), "the image decoder reads it now: this reader may go");
+            extra_samples_tiff_rgba(&bytes, |_| [0.0; 3]).expect("gray with an extra sample reads").into_raw()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(gray(1), [255, 255, 255, 255, 64, 64, 64, 204, 0, 0, 0, 0], "associated alpha, divided back out");
+        assert_eq!(gray(2), [255, 255, 255, 255, 51, 51, 51, 204, 0, 0, 0, 0], "unassociated alpha");
+        assert_eq!(gray(0), [255, 255, 255, 255, 51, 51, 51, 255, 0, 0, 0, 255], "a channel that isn't alpha: opaque");
     }
 
     fn inks() -> Inks {

crates/doc/src/pattern.rs

@@ -341,6 +341,15 @@ pub fn uses_pattern(n: &Node, name: Option<&str>) -> bool {
     })
 }
 
+/// Transform Patterns without Transform Objects: `m` moves the pattern tiles of `n` and of
+/// everything inside it, and the art stays where it is.
+pub fn transform_patterns_only(n: &mut Node, m: Affine) {
+    transform_pattern_paints(n, m);
+    for c in n.children_mut().into_iter().flatten() {
+        transform_patterns_only(Arc::make_mut(c), m);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Apply `m` to the pattern placement of every pattern paint of `n` (Transform Patterns).
 pub fn transform_pattern_paints(n: &mut Node, m: Affine) {
     // Without pattern paints there is nothing to change: don't copy the shared appearance.

crates/effects/src/lib.rs

@@ -207,15 +207,15 @@ pub fn effect_catalog() -> Vec<EffectInfo> {
             EXTRUDE,
             "Extrude & Bevel…",
             &["Effect", "3D and Materials"],
-            "{depth: pt (0..2000, 50), twist: degrees (-360..360, 0; the back turned against the front), taper: % (1..100, 100; the back's size), cap: bool (true: solid; false: hollow), bevel: none|classic|rounded|cove|step|ogee (none), bevelWidth: pt (0..1000, 4), bevelHeight: pt (0..1000, 4), bevelRepeat: integer (1..32, 1), bevelSpace: % (0..90, 0; flat between repeats), bevelInside: bool (false: added around the shape; true: carved into it), bevelBothSides: bool (false), rotationX: degrees (-180..180, -21.88), rotationY: degrees (-180..180, -23.4), rotationZ: degrees (-180..180, 9.06; the defaults are the Off-Axis Front position), perspective: % (0..100, 0), shade: bool (true), lightAzimuth: degrees (-45), lightElevation: degrees (45), lightIntensity: % (80), ambient: % (25)}. The front face is the art, extruded backwards about the centre of its bounds; painted with the top fill (else the top stroke).",
+            "{depth: pt (0..2000, 50), twist: degrees (0..360, 0; the back turned against the front), taper: % (1..100, 100; the back's size), cap: bool (true: solid; false: hollow), bevel: none|classic|rounded|cove|step|ogee (none), bevelWidth: pt (0..1000, 4), bevelHeight: pt (0..1000, 4), bevelRepeat: integer (1..32, 1), bevelSpace: % (0..90, 0; flat between repeats), bevelInside: bool (false: added around the shape; true: carved into it), bevelBothSides: bool (false), rotationX: degrees (-180..180, -21.88), rotationY: degrees (-180..180, -23.4), rotationZ: degrees (-180..180, 9.06; the defaults are the Off-Axis Front position), perspective: % (0..100, 0), shade: bool (true), lightAzimuth: degrees (-45), lightElevation: degrees (45), lightIntensity: % (80), ambient: % (25)}. The front face is the art, extruded backwards about the centre of its bounds; painted with the top fill (else the top stroke).",
             json!({"depth":50.0,"twist":0.0,"taper":100.0,"cap":true,"bevel":"none","bevelWidth":4.0,"bevelHeight":4.0,"bevelRepeat":1,"bevelSpace":0.0,"bevelInside":false,"bevelBothSides":false,"rotationX":-21.88,"rotationY":-23.4,"rotationZ":9.06,"perspective":0.0,"shade":true,"lightAzimuth":-45.0,"lightElevation":45.0,"lightIntensity":80.0,"ambient":25.0}),
         ),
         g(
             INFLATE,
             "Inflate…",
             &["Effect", "3D and Materials"],
-            "{depth: pt (0..2000, 0; flat depth between front and back), volume: % (0..100, 50; 50 rounds the edge like a half sphere), bothSides: bool (false: flat back), rotationX: degrees (-180..180, -21.88), rotationY: degrees (-180..180, -23.4), rotationZ: degrees (-180..180, 9.06; the defaults are the Off-Axis Front position), perspective: % (0..100, 0), shade: bool (true), lightAzimuth: degrees (-45), lightElevation: degrees (45), lightIntensity: % (80), ambient: % (25)}. Painted with the top fill (else the top stroke).",
-            json!({"depth":0.0,"volume":50.0,"bothSides":false,"rotationX":-21.88,"rotationY":-23.4,"rotationZ":9.06,"perspective":0.0,"shade":true,"lightAzimuth":-45.0,"lightElevation":45.0,"lightIntensity":80.0,"ambient":25.0}),
+            "{depth: pt (0..2000, 0; flat depth between front and back), twist: degrees (0..360, 0; the back turned against the front), taper: % (1..100, 100; the back's size), cap: bool (true: solid; false: no back, a shell open behind), volume: % (0..100, 50; 50 rounds the edge like a half sphere), bothSides: bool (false: flat back), rotationX: degrees (-180..180, -21.88), rotationY: degrees (-180..180, -23.4), rotationZ: degrees (-180..180, 9.06; the defaults are the Off-Axis Front position), perspective: % (0..100, 0), shade: bool (true), lightAzimuth: degrees (-45), lightElevation: degrees (45), lightIntensity: % (80), ambient: % (25)}. Painted with the top fill (else the top stroke).",
+            json!({"depth":0.0,"twist":0.0,"taper":100.0,"cap":true,"volume":50.0,"bothSides":false,"rotationX":-21.88,"rotationY":-23.4,"rotationZ":9.06,"perspective":0.0,"shade":true,"lightAzimuth":-45.0,"lightElevation":45.0,"lightIntensity":80.0,"ambient":25.0}),
         ),
         g(
             ROTATE,

crates/effects/src/solids.rs

@@ -90,7 +90,14 @@ pub fn extrude_options(p: &Value) -> Extrude {
 }
 
 pub fn inflate_options(p: &Value) -> Inflate {
-    Inflate { depth: num(p, "depth", 0.0), volume: num(p, "volume", 50.0), both_sides: flag(p, "bothSides", false) }
+    Inflate {
+        depth: num(p, "depth", 0.0),
+        volume: num(p, "volume", 50.0),
+        both_sides: flag(p, "bothSides", false),
+        twist: num(p, "twist", 0.0),
+        taper: num(p, "taper", 100.0) / 100.0,
+        cap: flag(p, "cap", true),
+    }
 }
 
 /// The shape a solid is made from: a path's or a compound path's outline.

crates/effects/src/tests_solids.rs

@@ -120,6 +120,32 @@ fn export_and_expand_bake_faces_with_their_own_ids() {
     }
 }
 
+/// A twisted, tapered, hollow Inflate (both sides) exports and expands like the others: faces with
+/// their own ids, no 3D effect left on them.
+#[test]
+fn a_twisted_tapered_hollow_inflate_exports_and_expands() {
+    let mut d = Document::new(400.0, 400.0);
+    let mut n = square_node();
+    n.id = d.alloc_id();
+    let params = json!({"twist": 120, "taper": 50, "cap": false, "bothSides": true, "rotationX": -20, "rotationY": 35});
+    n.appearance.effects.push(fx(INFLATE, params));
+    let art = solid_art(&n).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(crate::bake_appearance(&n), Some(art.clone()));
+    assert!(faces(&art).len() > 20, "{} faces", faces(&art).len());
+    let mut stroke = |_: &mut Document, _: &PathData, _: FillRule, _: &StrokeLayer| None;
+    let expanded = crate::expand_leaf(&mut d, &n, &mut stroke).unwrap();
+    let mut ids = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+    fn visit(n: &Node, ids: &mut std::collections::HashSet<NodeId>) {
+        assert!(ids.insert(n.id), "{:?} twice", n.id);
+        assert!(!has_solid(n));
+        for c in n.children().into_iter().flatten() {
+            visit(c, ids);
+        }
+    }
+    visit(&expanded, &mut ids);
+    assert!(ids.len() > 20, "{} nodes", ids.len());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn effects_before_it_shape_the_solid_and_effects_after_it_bend_the_result() {
     let mut n = square_node();
@@ -156,3 +182,12 @@ fn parameters_are_validated_and_lengths_scale_with_the_object() {
     assert_eq!((b.shape, b.space, b.repeat), (BevelShape::Step, 0.3, 32));
     assert!(extrude_options(&json!({})).bevel.is_none());
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn inflate_reads_twist_taper_and_cap() {
+    let o = inflate_options(&json!({"twist": 90, "taper": 40, "cap": false}));
+    assert_eq!((o.twist, o.taper, o.cap), (90.0, 0.4, false));
+    let d = inflate_options(&json!({}));
+    assert_eq!((d.twist, d.taper, d.cap), (0.0, 1.0, true));
+    assert_eq!(crate::default_params(INFLATE).unwrap()["cap"], json!(true));
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add New Fill",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a fill on top of each selected object's own stack (a copy of its top fill; type without one: its characters' fill; else the default fill)",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a fill on top of each selected object's own stack (a copy of its top fill; type without one: its characters' fill; else the default fill)",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| add_item(s, p, true)
         ),
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add New Stroke",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, target?} add a stroke on top of each selected object's own stack (a copy of its top stroke, else the default stroke)",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} add a stroke on top of each selected object's own stack (a copy of its top stroke, else the default stroke)",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| add_item(s, p, false)
         ),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Clear Appearance",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, target?} leave each object one empty fill and stroke (None; a group none of its own) and reset its opacity and blend mode",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} leave each object one empty fill and stroke (None; a group none of its own) and reset its opacity and blend mode",
             has_doc,
             clear_appearance
         ),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reduce to Basic Appearance",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, target?} keep only the topmost visible fill and stroke, without their own opacity, blend mode or effects (a group keeps no rows it lacked), and drop the object's effects",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} keep only the topmost visible fill and stroke, without their own opacity, blend mode or effects (a group keeps no rows it lacked), and drop the object's effects",
             has_doc,
             reduce_basic
         ),
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Appearance Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: paint-order item index, ids? (default: the selection), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, visible?: bool, weight?: pt (strokes), color?|none?|swatch?|gradient? (as paint.setFill)} edit one fill/stroke of each target object's own appearance stack",
+            "{index: paint-order item index, ids?|id? (default: the selection), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, visible?: bool, weight?: pt (strokes), color?|none?|swatch?|gradient? (as paint.setFill), tint?: 0..100, keepModel?: bool (both as paint.setFill)} edit one fill/stroke of each target object's own appearance stack",
             has_doc,
             set_item
         ),
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Remove Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), ids?, target?} remove those fills/strokes from each target object's own stack",
+            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), ids?|id?, target?} remove those fills/strokes from each target object's own stack",
             has_doc,
             remove_item
         ),
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "same as effect.apply (an alias): {effect: id, params?: {…}, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?, target?} → {ids, index, item}",
+            "{…as effect.apply} same as effect.apply (an alias): {effect: id, params?: {…}, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?, target?} → {ids, index, item}",
             has_doc,
             super::effectcmd::apply
         ),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Duplicate Item",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), to?: paint-order index of the copy (one `index` only; default: right above it, as Alt-dragging a row places it), ids?, target?} copy fills/strokes with their effects",
+            "{index | indices: [..] (paint-order item indices), to?: paint-order index of the copy (one `index` only; default: right above it, as Alt-dragging a row places it), ids?|id?, target?} copy fills/strokes with their effects",
             has_doc,
             duplicate_item
         ),
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reorder Appearance Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{from: paint-order item index | \"contents\", to, contents?: count, ids?, target?} move fill/stroke `from` to paint-order index `to`; on a group, layer or type the Contents (Characters) row stays between the same items (a moved item landing next to it keeps its side) unless `contents` says how many items paint below it afterwards. from \"contents\": move that row so `to` items paint below the members (characters) and the rest above → {index: where the item landed | contents: the row's slot}",
+            "{from: paint-order item index | \"contents\", to, contents?: count, ids?|id?, target?} move fill/stroke `from` to paint-order index `to`; on a group, layer or type the Contents (Characters) row stays between the same items (a moved item landing next to it keeps its side) unless `contents` says how many items paint below it afterwards. from \"contents\": move that row so `to` items paint below the members (characters) and the rest above → {index: where the item landed | contents: the row's slot}",
             has_doc,
             move_item
         ),
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Show All Hidden Attributes",
             ["Window", "Appearance"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, target?} make every hidden fill, stroke and effect (the object's and each item's) of each selected object visible again; errors when nothing is hidden → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?} make every hidden fill, stroke and effect (the object's and each item's) of each selected object visible again; errors when nothing is hidden → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             show_all_hidden
         ),
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Target Contents",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?} select the members of the selected groups and layers (or `ids`), as double-clicking the Appearance panel's Contents row does: the panel then lists, and appearance edits change, their own appearance; errors when none has members → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} select the members of the selected groups and layers (or `ids`), as double-clicking the Appearance panel's Contents row does: the panel then lists, and appearance edits change, their own appearance; errors when none has members → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             target_contents
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/attributes.rs

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Attributes",
             [],
             None,
-            "{overprintFill?: bool, overprintStroke?: bool (aimed as object.setOverprint's fill and stroke, item? too), showCenter?: bool (the canvas shows the selected object's centre point), imageMap?: \"none\"|\"rectangle\"|\"polygon\", url?: string (\"\" removes it; SVG export links the object), note?: string, ids?} set the Attributes panel's values on ids or the selection, as one undo step; a URL given joins the recent URLs (attributes.info) → {changed: objects}",
+            "{overprintFill?: bool, overprintStroke?: bool (aimed as object.setOverprint's fill and stroke, item? too), showCenter?: bool (the canvas shows the selected object's centre point), imageMap?: \"none\"|\"rectangle\"|\"polygon\", url?: string (\"\" removes it; SVG export links the object), note?: string, ids?|id?, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} set the Attributes panel's values on ids or the selection, as one undo step; a URL given joins the recent URLs (attributes.info) → {changed: objects}",
             has_doc,
             set
         ),
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Fill Rule",
             [],
             None,
-            "{rule: \"nonZero\"|\"evenOdd\", ids?} the fill rule of the paths and compound paths in ids or the selection (groups: those inside), as one undo step → {changed}",
+            "{rule: \"nonZero\"|\"evenOdd\", ids?|id?} the fill rule of the paths and compound paths in ids or the selection (groups: those inside), as one undo step → {changed}",
             has_doc,
             set_fill_rule
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/brushsym.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{AppearanceItem, Document, FillLayer, Node, NodeId, NodeKin
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Point, Vec2};
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
+use super::pathops::{remove_each, separate};
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
@@ -33,11 +34,19 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Brush",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name, ids?} apply a brush to the strokes of the selected paths (adds a stroke if missing) and make it current → {ids}",
+            "{name, ids?|id?} apply a brush to the strokes of the selected paths (adds a stroke if missing) and make it current → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             brush_apply
         ),
-        cmd!("brush.remove", "Remove Brush Stroke", [], None, "{ids?} remove brushes from the selected strokes → {ids}", has_selection, brush_remove),
+        cmd!(
+            "brush.remove",
+            "Remove Brush Stroke",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{ids?|id?} remove brushes from the selected strokes → {ids}",
+            has_selection,
+            brush_remove
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "brush.setCurrent",
             "Current Brush",
@@ -52,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "New Brush…",
             [],
             None,
-            "{type: calligraphic|scatter|art|pattern|bristle, name?, params?: {…definition fields}, ids?} new brush; art/scatter/pattern brushes take the selected art (pattern: side tile) unless params give it → {name}",
+            "{type: calligraphic|scatter|art|pattern|bristle, name?, params?: {…definition fields}, ids?|id?} new brush; art/scatter/pattern brushes take the selected art (pattern: side tile) unless params give it → {name}",
             has_doc,
             brush_new
         ),
@@ -72,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand Brush Strokes",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?} replace brushed paths (in the selection) with groups of the brush art → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?} replace brushed paths (in the selection) with groups of the brush art → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             expand_brush
         ),
@@ -81,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Paintbrush",
             [],
             None,
-            "{…path.freehand params, brush} paint a freehand stroke with a brush → {id}",
+            "{…params as path.freehand, brush} paint a freehand stroke with a brush → {id}",
             has_doc,
             brush_freehand
         ),
@@ -92,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "New Symbol…",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name?, ids?} make a symbol from the selection and replace it with an instance → {name, id}",
+            "{name?, ids?|id?} make a symbol from the selection and replace it with an instance → {name, id}",
             has_selection,
             symbol_new
         ),
@@ -110,7 +119,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Break Link to Symbol",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?} expand selected instances into plain art → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?} expand selected instances into plain art → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             symbol_break_link
         ),
@@ -119,7 +128,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Edit Symbol",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?} break the link of the selected instance so its art can be edited; finish with symbol.update → {name, ids}",
+            "{id?, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} break the link of the selected instance so its art can be edited; finish with symbol.update → {name, ids}",
             has_selection,
             symbol_edit
         ),
@@ -128,7 +137,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Redefine Symbol",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name, ids?} replace the symbol's art with the selection (instances update; the selection becomes an instance) → {name, id}",
+            "{name, ids?|id?} replace the symbol's art with the selection (instances update; the selection becomes an instance) → {name, id}",
             has_selection,
             symbol_update
         ),
@@ -147,7 +156,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Replace Symbol",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name, ids?} swap the symbol of the selected instances → {ids}",
+            "{name, ids?|id?} swap the symbol of the selected instances → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             symbol_replace
         ),
@@ -561,6 +570,10 @@ fn symbol_list(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 /// Replace the root nodes `ids` with one instance of `name` (art already stored). Returns the id.
 fn replace_with_instance(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId], name: &str, xf: Affine) -> Result<NodeId> {
     let top = *ids.last().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into()))?;
+    if separate(d, ids) {
+        let id = d.alloc_id();
+        return Ok(d.wrap(ids, |_| Node::new(id, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol: name.into(), xf }))?);
+    }
     let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
     let id = d.alloc_id();
     d.insert(par, idx + 1, Node::new(id, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol: name.into(), xf }))?;
@@ -734,9 +747,7 @@ fn symbol_delete(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if expand {
             break_links(d, &inst)?;
         } else {
-            for i in inst {
-                d.remove(i)?;
-            }
+            remove_each(d, &inst)?;
         }
         d.symbols.retain(|x| x.name != name);
         set_natural_size(d, &name, None);
@@ -863,12 +874,7 @@ fn symbol_spray(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             .collect();
         let n = doomed.len();
         if n > 0 {
-            s.edit("Symbol Sprayer", |d, _| {
-                for id in &doomed {
-                    d.remove(*id)?;
-                }
-                Ok(())
-            })?;
+            s.edit("Symbol Sprayer", |d, _| remove_each(d, &doomed))?;
         }
         return Ok(json!({ "count": n }));
     }

crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use vectorcraft_trace as tr;
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
 use super::paint::paint_from;
-use super::pathops::shape_node;
+use super::pathops::{Beside, shape_node};
 use super::*;
 
 /// Name of an Image Trace group.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Shape Builder",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [id…] (default: selection), points: [[x,y]…] (drag path; one point = click), erase?: bool (erase mode, Alt: deletes the regions touched, and the pieces of unfilled open paths and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet; see shapeBuilder.regions) within tolerance; a deleted edge opens its path there, and edges bounding a deleted region go with it), tolerance?: pt (2, erase only), fill?: \"#rrggbb\" | {color|swatch|gradient|none} (default: the fill of the object under the first point; the current fill for an area only lines enclose)} → {ids, merged, regions, lines, edges} (counts deleted or merged)",
+            "{ids?|id?: [id…] (default: selection), points: [[x,y]…] (drag path; one point = click), erase?: bool (erase mode, Alt: deletes the regions touched, and the pieces of unfilled open paths and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet; see shapeBuilder.regions) within tolerance; a deleted edge opens its path there, and edges bounding a deleted region go with it), tolerance?: pt (2, erase only), fill?: \"#rrggbb\" | {color|swatch|gradient|none} (default: the fill of the object under the first point; the current fill for an area only lines enclose)} → {ids, merged, regions, lines, edges} (counts deleted or merged)",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             sb_merge
         ),
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Shape Builder Regions",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?} → {regions: [{bounds: [x0,y0,x1,y1], area, sources: [id…]}], lines: [{bounds, source: id}], edges: [{bounds, source: id}]} faces of the planar arrangement (unfilled open paths cut them; sources is empty for an area only they enclose), the pieces of those open paths and the edges (the other paths' outlines cut where paths meet; source: the front-most path along it), which erasing deletes",
+            "{ids?|id?} → {regions: [{bounds: [x0,y0,x1,y1], area, sources: [id…]}], lines: [{bounds, source: id}], edges: [{bounds, source: id}]} faces of the planar arrangement (unfilled open paths cut them; sources is empty for an area only they enclose), the pieces of those open paths and the edges (the other paths' outlines cut where paths meet; source: the front-most path along it), which erasing deletes",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             sb_regions
         ),
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make",
             ["Object", "Live Paint"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+X"),
-            "{ids?} build a Live Paint group from the selected paths → {id, faces, edges}",
+            "{ids?|id?} build a Live Paint group from the selected paths → {id, faces, edges}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             lp_make
         ),
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Merge",
             ["Object", "Live Paint"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} add the other selected paths (and Live Paint groups) to the first Live Paint group, keeping its paint → {id, faces, edges}",
+            "{ids?|id?} add the other selected paths (and Live Paint groups) to the first Live Paint group, keeping its paint → {id, faces, edges}",
             has_multi_or_ids,
             lp_merge
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Release",
             ["Object", "Live Paint"],
             None,
-            "{id?} replace Live Paint groups with their original paths → {ids}",
+            "{id?, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} replace Live Paint groups with their original paths → {ids}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             lp_release
         ),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand",
             ["Object", "Live Paint"],
             None,
-            "{id?} turn Live Paint groups into plain groups of their painted faces and edges → {ids}",
+            "{id?, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} turn Live Paint groups into plain groups of their painted faces and edges → {ids}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             lp_expand
         ),
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Live Paint Bucket",
             [],
             None,
-            "{group?: id | ids?: [id…] (paths to make live first), point: [x,y], color?|swatch?|gradient?|none? (default: current fill)} fill the face containing point → {group, face}",
+            "{group?: id | ids?|id?: [id…] (paths to make live first), point: [x,y], color?|swatch?|gradient?|none? (default: current fill), tint?: 0..100, keepModel?: bool (both as paint.setFill)} fill the face containing point → {group, face}",
             has_doc,
             lp_fill
         ),
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Live Paint Bucket (Stroke)",
             [],
             None,
-            "{group: id, point: [x,y], color?|swatch?|none? (default: current stroke), width?: pt (default: current weight), tolerance?: pt (4)} paint the edge nearest point → {group, edge}",
+            "{group: id, point: [x,y], color?|swatch?|none? (default: current stroke), width?: pt (default: current weight), tolerance?: pt (4), tint?: 0..100, keepModel?: bool (both as paint.setFill)} paint the edge nearest point → {group, edge}",
             has_doc,
             lp_stroke_edge
         ),
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Live Paint Info",
             [],
             None,
-            "{group} → {faces: [{id, fill, bounds}], edges: [{id, stroke, width}], sources}",
+            "{group, id?: object id (default: the selection)} → {faces: [{id, fill, bounds}], edges: [{id, stroke, width}], sources}",
             has_doc,
             lp_info
         ),
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make",
             ["Object", "Image Trace"],
             None,
-            "{id?: image or Image Trace group (default: selection), preset?: name (imageTrace.presets), params?: {mode: \"blackAndWhite\"|\"grayscale\"|\"color\"|\"logo\", threshold: 0-255, palette: \"limited\"|\"fullTone\"|\"automatic\"|\"documentLibrary\" (color mode; limited: the `colors` best colours, fullTone: as many as the tones need, more with colorDetail, automatic: flat art with its own colours, else fullTone, documentLibrary: at most `colors` of the library's colours, as they are), colors: 2-256, colorDetail: 0-100 (fullTone, automatic), library: \"document\" (the document's swatches) or a swatch library id or name (swatch.library.list; documentLibrary), paths: 0-100, corners: 0-100, noise: px, method: \"abutting\"|\"overlapping\", ignoreWhite, snapCurvesToLines, fills: true, strokes: false (Create: lines up to strokeWidth wide become stroked centre lines; without fills, wider areas become stroked outlines), strokeWidth: px (10), logoColors?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (mode logo: flat-colour logos only; colours found automatically or named here, white is always its own colour, at most ten; noise = areas under noise/10 px ignored; edges to a fraction of a pixel, sharp corners restored, lines and circles snapped; enclosed transparent areas are painted white unless ignoreWhite makes them holes; fills/strokes are ignored; gradients and photos are refused)}, view?: as imageTrace.setView (default: the traced object's own, else tracingResult)} → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
+            "{id?: image or Image Trace group (default: selection), preset?: name (imageTrace.presets), params?: {mode: \"blackAndWhite\"|\"grayscale\"|\"color\"|\"logo\", threshold: 0-255, palette: \"limited\"|\"fullTone\"|\"automatic\"|\"documentLibrary\" (color mode; limited: the `colors` best colours, fullTone: as many as the tones need, more with colorDetail, automatic: flat art with its own colours, else fullTone, documentLibrary: at most `colors` of the library's colours, as they are), colors: 2-256, colorDetail: 0-100 (fullTone, automatic), library: \"document\" (the document's swatches) or a swatch library id or name (swatch.library.list; documentLibrary), paths: 0-100, corners: 0-100, noise: px, method: \"abutting\"|\"overlapping\", ignoreWhite, snapCurvesToLines, fills: true, strokes: false (Create: lines up to strokeWidth wide become stroked centre lines; without fills, wider areas become stroked outlines), strokeWidth: px (10), logoColors?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (mode logo: flat-colour logos only; colours found automatically or named here, white is always its own colour, at most ten; noise = areas under noise/10 px ignored; edges to a fraction of a pixel, sharp corners restored, lines and circles snapped; enclosed transparent areas are painted white unless ignoreWhite makes them holes; fills/strokes are ignored; gradients and photos are refused)}, view?: as imageTrace.setView (default: the traced object's own, else tracingResult), ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             |s, p| trace_make(s, p, false)
         ),
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make and Expand",
             ["Object", "Image Trace"],
             None,
-            "same as imageTrace.make, then expand → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
+            "{…as imageTrace.make} same as imageTrace.make, then expand → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             |s, p| trace_make(s, p, true)
         ),
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Release",
             ["Object", "Image Trace"],
             None,
-            "{id?} put the source image back in place of Image Trace groups → {ids}",
+            "{id?, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} put the source image back in place of Image Trace groups → {ids}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             trace_release
         ),
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand",
             ["Object", "Image Trace"],
             None,
-            "{id?} keep only the traced paths (drop the source image) → {ids}",
+            "{id?, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} keep only the traced paths (drop the source image) → {ids}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             trace_expand
         ),
@@ -341,19 +341,16 @@ fn sb_merge(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 /// Remove the roots and insert `nodes` where the front-most root was. Returns the new ids.
 /// (Roots go first: the new nodes may reuse their ids, e.g. Live Paint sources.)
 fn replace_roots(d: &mut Document, roots: &[NodeId], nodes: Vec<Node>) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let top = *roots.last().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into()))?;
-    let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
-    let before = roots.iter().filter(|r| **r != top && d.position(**r).is_some_and(|(p, i, _)| p == par && i < idx)).count();
-    for r in roots {
+    let Some((&top, rest)) = roots.split_last() else { return Err(EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into())) };
+    let ids = nodes.iter().map(|n| n.id).collect();
+    let mut replaced = Beside::replacing(d, roots);
+    for r in rest {
         if d.node(*r).is_some() {
-            d.remove(*r)?;
+            replaced.put(d, *r, vec![])?;
         }
     }
-    let at = idx - before;
-    let mut ids = vec![];
-    for (k, n) in nodes.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        ids.push(d.insert(par, at + k, n)?);
-    }
+    replaced.put(d, top, nodes)?;
+    replaced.finish(d)?;
     Ok(ids)
 }
 
@@ -508,14 +505,14 @@ fn lp_merge(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 Arc::make_mut(e).appearance = app.into();
             }
         }
+        let mut merged = Beside::replacing(d, &roots);
         for r in roots.iter().filter(|r| **r != target) {
             if d.node(*r).is_some() {
-                d.remove(*r)?;
+                merged.put(d, *r, vec![])?;
             }
         }
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(target).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(target))?;
-        d.remove(target)?;
-        d.insert(par, idx, g)?;
+        merged.put(d, target, vec![g])?;
+        merged.finish(d)?;
         sel.set([target]);
         Ok((target, nf, ne))
     })?;
@@ -536,11 +533,14 @@ fn lp_release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let targets = live_targets(s, p)?;
     let ids = s.edit("Release Live Paint", |d, sel| {
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut released = Beside::replacing(d, &targets);
         for g in &targets {
             let n = d.node(*g).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*g))?;
             let srcs: Vec<Node> = source_nodes(&n).iter().map(|c| (**c).clone()).collect();
-            out.extend(replace_roots(d, &[*g], srcs)?);
+            out.extend(srcs.iter().map(|c| c.id));
+            released.put(d, *g, srcs)?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;
@@ -836,12 +836,15 @@ fn trace_release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let targets = trace_targets(s, p)?;
     let ids = s.edit("Release Image Trace", |d, sel| {
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut released = Beside::replacing(d, &targets);
         for g in &targets {
             let n = d.node(*g).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*g))?;
             let mut img = (**n.children().and_then(|c| c.first()).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*g))?).clone();
             img.visible = true;
-            out.extend(replace_roots(d, &[*g], vec![img])?);
+            out.push(img.id);
+            released.put(d, *g, vec![img])?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/colorcmds.rs

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Color Guide",
             [],
             None,
-            "{color, rule: complementary|complementary2|splitComplementary|leftComplement|rightComplement|analogous|analogous2|monochromatic|shades|triad|triad2|triad3|tetrad|tetrad2|tetrad3|compound|compound2|highContrast|highContrast2|highContrast3|pentagram (or its label), steps?: 1..20 (4), variation?: \"tintsShades\"|\"warmCool\"|\"vividMuted\", amount?: 0..100 (50; how far the outermost steps go), limitTo?: swatch library id or name, or \"document\" (the document's swatches): every colour snaps to its nearest colour there (ΔE 2000)} the Color Guide for a base colour → {rule, colors: [\"#rrggbb\", the base first], grid: [per colour, 2·steps+1 variations from shades/cool/muted to tints/warm/vivid with the colour itself in the centre]}",
+            "{color, rule: complementary|complementary2|splitComplementary|leftComplement|rightComplement|analogous|analogous2|monochromatic|shades|triad|triad2|triad3|tetrad|tetrad2|tetrad3|compound|compound2|highContrast|highContrast2|highContrast3|pentagram (or its label), steps?: 1..20 (4), variation?: \"tintsShades\"|\"warmCool\"|\"vividMuted\", amount?: 0..100 (50; how far the outermost steps go), limitTo?: swatch library id or name; or \"document\" (the document's swatches): every colour snaps to its nearest colour there (ΔE 2000)} the Color Guide for a base colour → {rule, colors: [\"#rrggbb\", the base first], grid: [per colour, 2·steps+1 variations from shades/cool/muted to tints/warm/vivid with the colour itself in the centre]}",
             always,
             harmony
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/colormgmt.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Convert Document Color Mode",
             [],
             None,
-            "same as file.documentColorMode: {mode: \"cmyk\"|\"rgb\", convert?: true, intent?, grays?} → {changed} (an alias kept for older scripts; the command palette leaves it out)",
+            "{…as file.documentColorMode} same as file.documentColorMode: {mode: \"cmyk\"|\"rgb\", convert?: true, intent?, grays?} → {changed} (an alias kept for older scripts; the command palette leaves it out)",
             has_doc,
             convert_mode
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Gamut Warning",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, colors?: [color]} colours that can't be printed in the working CMYK (selection, or the whole document when nothing is selected) → {checked, outOfGamut: [{hex, deltaE, count}]}",
+            "{ids?|id?, colors?: [color]} colours that can't be printed in the working CMYK (selection, or the whole document when nothing is selected) → {checked, outOfGamut: [{hex, deltaE, count}]}",
             has_doc,
             gamut_check
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/colortheme.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save Theme",
             ["Window", "Color Themes"],
             None,
-            "{colors: [1–5 colours] | color + rule (a harmony rule id or label, see color.harmony: its 5-colour theme from that base colour, base first), rule?: the rule it was made with, name?: (default \"Theme N\"), replace?: a saved theme's name (overwrite that theme in place, e.g. after editing it; it may be renamed)} save a colour theme to the local theme library (the preferences) → {name, count: themes saved}",
+            "{colors: [1–5 colours] | color + rule (a harmony rule id or label, see color.harmony: its 5-colour theme from that base colour, base first), rule?: the rule it was made with, name?: (default \"Theme N\"), replace?: a saved theme's name (overwrite that theme in place, e.g. after editing it; it may be renamed), color?: one colour (as colors: [colour])} save a colour theme to the local theme library (the preferences) → {name, count: themes saved}",
             always,
             save
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/create.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Create Text",
             [],
             None,
-            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\", charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\" (default: emBoxTop and emBoxCenter while the interface is in Japanese, else romanBaseline)} → {id}; new area type gets Auto Size (fit autoHeight) when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on",
+            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\", charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\" (default: emBoxTop and emBoxCenter while the interface is in Japanese, else romanBaseline)} → {id, overflow?: [id] (area type whose text doesn't fit its frame: the lines past it aren't drawn; left out when it fits)}; new area type gets Auto Size (fit autoHeight) when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on",
             has_doc,
             text_create
         ),
@@ -502,7 +502,9 @@ fn text_create(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         // Lays the text out (and sizes an Auto Size frame).
         super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(&mut t);
     }
-    add_node(s, "Type", NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)), Appearance::default(), None)
+    let made = add_node(s, "Type", NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)), Appearance::default(), None)?;
+    let id = made.get("id").and_then(Value::as_u64).map(NodeId);
+    Ok(super::typecmd::with_overflow(s, id.as_slice(), made))
 }
 
 /// The paragraph attributes new type gets (the Type tools, `text.create`): aligned to the start of

crates/engine/src/cmd/css.rs

@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "CSS Properties",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [id…] (default: the selection), units?: px|pt|mm|cm|in (default px; 1 px = 1 pt, as in SVG export), position?: false (position: absolute, left and top from the artboard's top-left), dimensions?: true (width, height), unnamed?: true (unnamed objects too, classes named after their kind; false: named objects only), rasterize?: false (art CSS can't describe as background-image: url(<class>.png), its picture, which css.export writes)} the CSS web pages style the objects with, one rule per object back to front (layers and plain groups stand for what they hold): a rectangle's or ellipse's fill as background-color or linear-/radial-gradient(), stroke as border, corners as border-radius; type's font, color, spacing and alignment; opacity, mix-blend-mode, shadows and glows (box-shadow, text-shadow), blur (filter) → {css, rules: [{id, selector, css, unsupported?: why CSS can't describe the art exactly (without rasterize it is written as its box), image?: the PNG it refers to}], skipped: n unnamed objects left out, warnings}",
+            "{ids?|id?: [id…] (default: the selection), units?: px|pt|mm|cm|in (default px; 1 px = 1 pt, as in SVG export), position?: false (position: absolute, left and top from the artboard's top-left), dimensions?: true (width, height), unnamed?: true (unnamed objects too, classes named after their kind; false: named objects only), rasterize?: false (art CSS can't describe as background-image: url(<class>.png), its picture, which css.export writes)} the CSS web pages style the objects with, one rule per object back to front (layers and plain groups stand for what they hold): a rectangle's or ellipse's fill as background-color or linear-/radial-gradient(), stroke as border, corners as border-radius; type's font, color, spacing and alignment; opacity, mix-blend-mode, shadows and glows (box-shadow, text-shadow), blur (filter) → {css, rules: [{id, selector, css, unsupported?: why CSS can't describe the art exactly (without rasterize it is written as its box), image?: the PNG it refers to}], skipped: n unnamed objects left out, warnings}",
             has_doc,
             selection
         ),
-        cmd!(query "css.generate", "Generate CSS", [], None, "{…css.selection options} css.selection of every object in the document", has_doc, generate),
+        cmd!(query "css.generate", "Generate CSS", [], None, "{…options as css.selection} css.selection of every object in the document", has_doc, generate),
         cmd!(
             "css.export",
             "Export CSS",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, scope?: selection|all (default selection; ids? picks the objects), …css.selection options} write the CSS (css.selection, or css.generate for all) to path and, with rasterize, each picture its rules refer to next to it (PNG of the object's visual bounds, 1 px per point) → {path, bytes, rules: n, images: [path…], warnings}; no path → {data: the CSS, name: <document>.css, rules, images: [{name, dataBase64}], warnings}",
+            "{path?, scope?: selection|all (default selection; ids? picks the objects), …options as css.selection, id?: object id (default: the selection)} write the CSS (css.selection, or css.generate for all) to path and, with rasterize, each picture its rules refer to next to it (PNG of the object's visual bounds, 1 px per point) → {path, bytes, rules: n, images: [path…], warnings}; no path → {data: the CSS, name: <document>.css, rules, images: [{name, dataBase64}], warnings}",
             has_doc,
             export
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/cut.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use vectorcraft_pathops::BoolOp;
 
 use super::draw2::{components, erase_outline, ids_json, replace_with_pieces};
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
-use super::pathops::node_path;
+use super::pathops::{Beside, node_path};
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -163,10 +163,12 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, label: &str, plan: Plan) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let (ids, removed) = s.edit(label, |d: &mut Document, sel| {
         let (mut all, mut removed) = (vec![], 0);
+        let mut cut = Beside::replacing(d, &plan.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, pieces) in plan {
             removed += pieces.is_empty() as usize;
-            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, id, pieces)?);
+            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, &mut cut, id, pieces)?);
         }
+        cut.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(all.iter().copied());
         Ok((all, removed))
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/distortcmds.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Liquify",
             [],
             None,
-            "{tool: warp|twirl|pucker|bloat|scallop|crystallize|wrinkle, points: [[x,y,pressure?]…] (the brush stroke; pen pressure 0..1, default 1), diameter?|width?, height? (pt, default 100), angle?, intensity? (0..1 or %), usePressure? (each point's pressure is the intensity there), detail? (1..10), simplify? (0..100) and simplifyOn? (default true; warp, twirl, pucker, bloat), rate? (twirl °), complexity? (0..15), horizontal?, vertical? (wrinkle, 0..1 or %), affectAnchors?, affectIn?, affectOut? (scallop, crystallize, wrinkle; default true), ids? (default: selection, else every path the brush touches)}",
+            "{tool: warp|twirl|pucker|bloat|scallop|crystallize|wrinkle, points: [[x,y,pressure?]…] (the brush stroke; pen pressure 0..1, default 1), diameter?|width?, height? (pt, default 100), angle?, intensity? (0..1 or %), usePressure? (each point's pressure is the intensity there), detail? (1..10), simplify?: 0..100, simplifyOn?: bool (default true; both for warp, twirl, pucker, bloat), rate? (twirl °), complexity? (0..15), horizontal?, vertical? (wrinkle, 0..1 or %), affectAnchors?, affectIn?, affectOut? (scallop, crystallize, wrinkle; default true), ids?|id? (default: selection, else every path the brush touches)}",
             has_doc,
             liquify
         ),
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Puppet Warp",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?|ids? (default: selection), pins: [[x,y]…] (current pin positions), moved: [[x,y]…] (targets, same length), angles?: [deg|null…] (same length: the turn the art takes around each pin, as Alt-dragging around a pin does; null leaves it free), expand?: pt, rest?: bool} as-rigid-as-possible mesh warp of anchors and handles. rest: true = the Puppet Warp tool's pins: `pins` are points on the shape the pins started from (object.puppetWarp.pins), each must be on its mesh, the warp replaces the previous one instead of adding to it, and the pins are kept with the document for Undo (an empty list removes them all, leaving the art as it is)",
+            "{id?|ids? (default: selection), pins: [[x,y]…] (current pin positions), moved: [[x,y]…] (targets, same length), angles?: [deg|null…] (same length: the turn the art takes around each pin, as Alt-dragging around a pin does; null leaves it free), expand?: pt, rest?: bool, auto?: bool (as object.puppetWarp.pins reports; ignored)} as-rigid-as-possible mesh warp of anchors and handles. rest: true = the Puppet Warp tool's pins: `pins` are points on the shape the pins started from (object.puppetWarp.pins), each must be on its mesh, the warp replaces the previous one instead of adding to it, and the pins are kept with the document for Undo (an empty list removes them all, leaving the art as it is)",
             has_doc,
             puppet_warp
         ),
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Define Perspective Grid",
             [],
             None,
-            "{kind?: 1|2|3, origin?: [x,y], horizon?, vpLeft?, vpRight?, vpVertical?: [x,y], distance?, cell?, extent?, height?, visible?, plane?, leftOffset?, rightOffset?, groundOffset?: pt (planes moved along their normals), reproject?: bool} merge into the document's grid. Objects in perspective stay where they are, as in the reference app; with reproject they move with the grid (each keeps its place on its plane)",
+            "{kind?: 1|2|3, origin?: [x,y], horizon?, vpLeft?, vpRight?, vpVertical?: [x,y], distance?, cell?, extent?, height?, visible?, plane?, leftOffset?, rightOffset?, groundOffset?: pt (planes moved along their normals), reproject?: bool, …the other fields of the grid as its reply lists them} merge into the document's grid. Objects in perspective stay where they are, as in the reference app; with reproject they move with the grid (each keeps its place on its plane)",
             has_doc,
             grid_set
         ),
@@ -123,17 +123,17 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Attach to Active Plane",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, plane?: left|right|ground (default: the active plane)} project the objects onto the plane",
+            "{ids?|id?, plane?: left|right|ground (default: the active plane)} project the objects onto the plane",
             has_doc,
             attach
         ),
-        cmd!("perspective.release", "Release with Perspective", [], None, "{ids?} detach from the grid (geometry unchanged)", has_doc, release),
+        cmd!("perspective.release", "Release with Perspective", [], None, "{ids?|id?} detach from the grid (geometry unchanged)", has_doc, release),
         cmd!(
             "perspective.move",
             "Move in Perspective",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, from: [x,y], to: [x,y], plane?, copy?: bool (move copies, as Alt-dragging does), perpendicular?: bool (move along the plane's normal instead, as pressing 5 while dragging does), snap?: bool (default: View › Perspective Grid › Snap to Grid)} slide objects within their plane (unattached objects attach to `plane`/the active plane first); snapping lands the nearer edge of the objects' joint bounds on a gridline within a quarter cell; Transform Again repeats it",
+            "{ids?|id?, from: [x,y], to: [x,y], plane?, copy?: bool (move copies, as Alt-dragging does), perpendicular?: bool (move along the plane's normal instead, as pressing 5 while dragging does), snap?: bool (default: View › Perspective Grid › Snap to Grid)} slide objects within their plane (unattached objects attach to `plane`/the active plane first); snapping lands the nearer edge of the objects' joint bounds on a gridline within a quarter cell; Transform Again repeats it",
             has_doc,
             persp_move
         ),
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Draw in Perspective",
             [],
             None,
-            "{command: shape.* id, params, plane?, snap?: bool (default: Snap to Grid)} run a shape command and attach the result to the plane (snapping its corners to gridlines within a quarter cell)",
+            "{command: shape.* id, params, plane?, snap?: bool (default: Snap to Grid), at?: [x, y] (a point of the plane the shape lies on, as the tool gives it)} run a shape command and attach the result to the plane (snapping its corners to gridlines within a quarter cell)",
             has_doc,
             persp_draw
         ),
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transform in Perspective",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f] (affine map in plane coordinates, points: u along the plane, v up or away), depth?: pt to move along the plane's normal (default 0), copy?: bool, plane?} transform objects within their own planes (Perspective Selection tool handles; unattached objects attach to `plane`/the active plane first); Transform Again repeats it → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?, matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f] (affine map in plane coordinates, points: u along the plane, v up or away), depth?: pt to move along the plane's normal (default 0), copy?: bool, plane?} transform objects within their own planes (Perspective Selection tool handles; unattached objects attach to `plane`/the active plane first); Transform Again repeats it → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             persp_transform
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/docinfo.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make Pixel Perfect",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} snap each object's edges to the pixel grid (odd stroke weights on half pixels) and round stroke weights",
+            "{ids?|id?} snap each object's edges to the pixel grid (odd stroke weights on half pixels) and round stroke weights",
             has_selection,
             pixel_perfect
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/docmenu.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Guide, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, SavedSelection,
 use vectorcraft_geom::Vec2;
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
+use super::pathops::Beside;
 use super::select::{selectable_ids, walk_selectable};
 use super::*;
 
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move Guide",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index, pos: pt} put ruler guide `index` at `pos` | {dx?, dy?: pt, copy?: bool} move the selected guides (vertical ones by dx, horizontal ones by dy); copy leaves them and selects the moved copies",
+            "{index, pos: pt} | {dx?, dy?: pt, copy?: bool} put ruler guide `index` at `pos`, or move the selected guides (vertical ones by dx, horizontal ones by dy); copy leaves them and selects the moved copies",
             guides_unlocked,
             guide_move
         ),
@@ -225,7 +226,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "File Info…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+Shift+I"),
-            "{title?, author?, authorTitle?, description?, keywords?: [string…]|\"a, b\" (each once), rating?: 0–5, copyrightStatus?: \"unknown\"|\"copyrighted\"|\"publicDomain\", copyrightNotice?, copyrightUrl?} set the File Info in one undo step (SVG with metadata, PDF and PNG exports carry it); no params → {title, author, authorTitle, description, keywords, rating, copyrightStatus, copyrightNotice, copyrightUrl, created, modified (ISO 8601 UTC or null; read-only), colorMode, units, artboards, objects}",
+            "{title?, author?, authorTitle?, description?, keywords?: [string…]|\"a, b\" (each once), rating?: 0–5, copyrightStatus?: \"unknown\"|\"copyrighted\"|\"publicDomain\", copyrightNotice?, copyrightUrl?, created?, modified?, colorMode?, units?, artboards?, objects? (the last six only as read back; ignored)} set the File Info in one undo step (SVG with metadata, PDF and PNG exports carry it); no params → {title, author, authorTitle, description, keywords, rating, copyrightStatus, copyrightNotice, copyrightUrl, created, modified (ISO 8601 UTC or null; read-only), colorMode, units, artboards, objects}",
             has_doc,
             super::fileinfo::file_info
         ),
@@ -504,10 +505,13 @@ fn clear_guides(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     s.edit("Clear Guides", |d, _| {
         d.guides.clear();
+        let mut gone = Beside::replacing(d, &paths);
         for id in &paths {
-            let _ = d.remove(*id);
+            if d.node(*id).is_some() {
+                gone.put(d, *id, vec![])?;
+            }
         }
-        Ok(())
+        gone.finish(d)
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "count": n }))
 }

crates/engine/src/cmd/docsetup.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         "Document Setup",
         [],
         None,
-        "{units?: \"Points\"|\"Inches\"|\"Millimeters\"|…, bleed?: pt (all sides)|[top, bottom, left, right]|{top?, bottom?, left?, right?} (0–72 pt), outlineImages?: bool (show images in Outline mode), highlightSubstitutedFonts?: bool, highlightSubstitutedGlyphs?: bool, gridSize?: \"small\"|\"medium\"|\"large\", gridColors?: \"Light\"|\"Medium\"|\"Dark\"|\"Red\"|\"Orange\"|\"Green\"|\"Blue\"|\"Purple\"|[colour, colour] (transparency grid; the first is also the paper colour), simulatePaper?: bool, flattenerPreset?: \"High Resolution\"|\"Medium Resolution\"|\"Low Resolution\"|a saved preset (flattener.presets.list), discardWhiteOverprint?: bool, language?: \"English: USA\"|\"German\"|\"French\"|… (also picks its quotes), quotes?: {double?: \"“”\", single?: \"‘’\"} (beside a language: only if they differ from the current ones), typographersQuotes?: bool (typed straight quotes become the document's quotes), superscript?: {size?: %, position?: %}, subscript?: {size?: %, position?: %}, smallCapsSize?: %, exportText?: \"editable\"|\"appearance\" (SVG text as text or as outlines), backgroundContents?: \"transparent\"|\"white\" (white: raster exports are white behind the art)} change the document setup in one undo step; no params → the current setup",
+        "{units?: \"Points\"|\"Inches\"|\"Millimeters\"|…, bleed?: pt (all sides)|[top, bottom, left, right]|{top?, bottom?, left?, right?} (0–72 pt), outlineImages?: bool (show images in Outline mode), highlightSubstitutedFonts?: bool, highlightSubstitutedGlyphs?: bool, gridSize?: \"small\"|\"medium\"|\"large\", gridColors?: \"Light\"|\"Medium\"|\"Dark\"|\"Red\"|\"Orange\"|\"Green\"|\"Blue\"|\"Purple\"|[colour, colour] (transparency grid; the first is also the paper colour), simulatePaper?: bool, flattenerPreset?: \"High Resolution\"|\"Medium Resolution\"|\"Low Resolution\"|a saved preset (flattener.presets.list), discardWhiteOverprint?: bool, language?: \"English: USA\"|\"German\"|\"French\"|… (also picks its quotes), quotes?: {double?: \"“”\", single?: \"‘’\"} (beside a language: only if they differ from the current ones), typographersQuotes?: bool (typed straight quotes become the document's quotes), superscript?: {size?: %, position?: %}, subscript?: {size?: %, position?: %}, smallCapsSize?: %, exportText?: \"editable\"|\"appearance\" (SVG text as text or as outlines), backgroundContents?: \"transparent\"|\"white\" (white: raster exports are white behind the art), …the keys of its own reply (it can be passed back; the values it only reports are ignored)} change the document setup in one undo step; no params → the current setup",
         has_doc,
         setup
     )]

crates/engine/src/cmd/draw2.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use vectorcraft_pathops as po;
 use vectorcraft_pathops::{BoolOp, Cap, Join, SimplifyOptions};
 
 use super::create::{add_look, add_node};
+use super::pathops::{Beside, remove_each};
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
@@ -310,20 +311,25 @@ fn sibling_with(d: &mut Document, id: NodeId, pd: PathData) -> Result<Node> {
 }
 
 /// Replace path or compound path `id` with `pieces` (first keeps the id, the rest go right above
-/// it; none removes it). Returns ids.
-pub(super) fn replace_with_pieces(d: &mut Document, id: NodeId, pieces: Vec<PathData>) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+/// it; none removes it). `cut` removes the path or puts the other pieces above it. Returns ids.
+pub(super) fn replace_with_pieces(d: &mut Document, cut: &mut Beside, id: NodeId, pieces: Vec<PathData>) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
     let mut it = pieces.into_iter();
     let Some(first) = it.next() else {
-        d.remove(id)?;
+        cut.put(d, id, vec![])?;
         return Ok(vec![]);
     };
-    let (parent, idx, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
     let mut ids = vec![id];
-    for (k, pd) in it.enumerate() {
+    let mut above = vec![];
+    for pd in it {
         let n = sibling_with(d, id, pd)?;
-        ids.push(d.insert(parent, idx + 1 + k, n)?);
+        ids.push(n.id);
+        above.push(n);
     }
     set_geometry(d, id, first)?;
+    if !above.is_empty() {
+        let n = d.node(id).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        cut.put(d, id, [n].into_iter().chain(above).collect())?;
+    }
     Ok(ids)
 }
 
@@ -733,7 +739,10 @@ fn remove_anchor(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if ai >= sp.anchors.len() {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("no such anchor".into()));
         }
-        remove_anchors_of(d, sel, id, [(si, ai)])
+        let mut emptied = Beside::replacing(d, &[id]);
+        let removed = remove_anchors_of(d, sel, &mut emptied, id, [(si, ai)])?;
+        emptied.finish(d)?;
+        Ok(removed)
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "removedObject": removed }))
 }
@@ -752,18 +761,26 @@ fn remove_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let removed = s.edit("Remove Anchor Points", |d, sel| {
         let mut removed = 0;
+        let mut emptied = Beside::replacing(d, &jobs.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, anchors) in jobs {
-            removed += usize::from(remove_anchors_of(d, sel, id, anchors)?);
+            removed += usize::from(remove_anchors_of(d, sel, &mut emptied, id, anchors)?);
         }
+        emptied.finish(d)?;
         Ok(removed)
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "removedObjects": removed }))
 }
 
 /// Remove `anchors` (subpath, anchor) of path `id` without opening it, refitting the curve round
-/// each one; a subpath left with one anchor goes, and the path with its last subpath. True when
-/// the path went.
-fn remove_anchors_of(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut Selection, id: NodeId, anchors: impl IntoIterator<Item = (usize, usize)>) -> Result<bool> {
+/// each one. A subpath left with one anchor is removed, and a path left with no subpath is removed
+/// through `emptied`. True when the path went.
+fn remove_anchors_of(
+    d: &mut Document,
+    sel: &mut Selection,
+    emptied: &mut Beside,
+    id: NodeId,
+    anchors: impl IntoIterator<Item = (usize, usize)>,
+) -> Result<bool> {
     let mut anchors: Vec<(usize, usize)> = anchors.into_iter().collect();
     // The last first, so the indexes still to come stay valid.
     anchors.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
@@ -777,7 +794,7 @@ fn remove_anchors_of(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut Selection, id: NodeId, anchors:
     path.subpaths.retain(|sp| sp.anchors.len() >= 2);
     let gone = path.is_empty();
     if gone {
-        d.remove(id)?;
+        emptied.put(d, id, vec![])?;
         sel.remove(id);
     } else {
         sel.anchors.remove(&id);
@@ -920,9 +937,11 @@ fn knife(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let ids = s.edit("Knife", |d, sel| {
         let mut all = vec![];
+        let mut cut = Beside::replacing(d, &plan.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, pieces) in plan {
-            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, id, pieces)?);
+            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, &mut cut, id, pieces)?);
         }
+        cut.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(all.iter().copied());
         Ok(all)
     })?;
@@ -960,9 +979,11 @@ fn apply_plan(s: &mut Session, label: &str, plan: Vec<(NodeId, Vec<PathData>)>)
     }
     let ids = s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
         let mut all = vec![];
+        let mut cut = Beside::replacing(d, &plan.iter().map(|(id, _)| *id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, pieces) in plan {
-            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, id, pieces)?);
+            all.extend(replace_with_pieces(d, &mut cut, id, pieces)?);
         }
+        cut.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(all.iter().copied());
         Ok(all)
     })?;
@@ -1256,9 +1277,7 @@ fn blob(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let others: Vec<NodeId> = rest.iter().map(|m| m.0).collect();
     s.edit("Blob Brush", |d, sel| {
         *path_mut(d, keep)? = merged;
-        for id in others {
-            d.remove(id)?;
-        }
+        remove_each(d, &others)?;
         sel.set([keep]);
         Ok(())
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "New…",
             ["File"],
             None,
-            "{preset?: a name from file.newPresets (start from it; the other params change it), name?|title?: document name (default Untitled-N), width?: pt=612|\"210 mm\", height?: pt=792, units?: \"Pixels\"|\"Points\"|\"Picas\"|\"Inches\"|\"Millimeters\"|\"Centimeters\"|\"Feet\"|\"Yards\"|\"Meters\"|\"Feet & Inches\" (default: prefs unitsGeneral, as print presets; screen presets: Pixels), orientation?: \"portrait\"|\"landscape\" (swaps width and height to match), artboards?: n (1–1000), artboardLayout?: {layout?: \"gridByRow\"|\"gridByColumn\"|\"row\"|\"column\", columns?: n (default: all in one row), spacing?: pt=20, rightToLeft?: bool}, bleed?: pt|[top, bottom, left, right]|{top?, …} (0–72 pt), backgroundContents?: \"transparent\"|\"white\" (a white artboard background, not an object), colorMode?: \"rgb\"|\"cmyk\" (a CMYK document starts with CMYK swatches and stores the colours applied to it as CMYK), rasterEffectsPpi?: 72|150|300 (1–2400), previewMode?: \"default\"|\"pixel\"|\"overprint\" (overprint turns Overprint Preview on, pixel Pixel Preview in the app; default leaves both), created?: Unix seconds|null (File Info's created date; default now, recorded in the journal so a replay matches)} → {index, previewMode}; the size is remembered in file.newPresets' Recent",
+            "{preset?: a name from file.newPresets (start from it; the other params change it), name?|title?: document name (default Untitled-N), width?: pt=612|\"210 mm\", height?: pt=792, units?: \"Pixels\"|\"Points\"|\"Picas\"|\"Inches\"|\"Millimeters\"|\"Centimeters\"|\"Feet\"|\"Yards\"|\"Meters\"|\"Feet & Inches\" (default: prefs unitsGeneral, as print presets; screen presets: Pixels), orientation?: \"portrait\"|\"landscape\" (swaps width and height to match), artboards?: n (1–1000), artboardLayout?: {layout?: \"gridByRow\"|\"gridByColumn\"|\"row\"|\"column\", columns?: n (default: all in one row), spacing?: pt=20, rightToLeft?: bool}, bleed?: pt|[top, bottom, left, right]|{top?, …} (0–72 pt), backgroundContents?: \"transparent\"|\"white\" (a white artboard background, not an object), colorMode?: \"rgb\"|\"cmyk\" (a CMYK document starts with CMYK swatches and stores the colours applied to it as CMYK), rasterEffectsPpi?: 72|150|300 (1–2400), previewMode?: \"default\"|\"pixel\"|\"overprint\" (overprint turns Overprint Preview on, pixel Pixel Preview in the app; default leaves both), created?: Unix seconds|null (File Info's created date; default now, recorded in the journal so a replay matches), size?: a preset's size label (a preset file.newPresets lists can be passed back; ignored)} → {index, previewMode}; the size is remembered in file.newPresets' Recent",
             always,
             super::newdoc::file_new
         ),
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         cmd!("document.activate", "Activate Document", [], None, "{index}", always, doc_activate),
         cmd!(query "document.inspect", "Inspect Document", [], None, "{depth?, childLimit?} → layer tree (each node: id, name, kind, visible, locked, bounds, opacity when below 1, blend when not Normal, fill, stroke and strokeWidth of objects and compound paths; a compound path's members have compoundMember: true instead of paint, which is the compound's), artboards, selection, history (a sliced tree reports childCount)", has_doc, |s, p| Ok(inspect::document_opts(s, slice_opts(p, "document.inspect")?))),
         cmd!(query "document.node", "Inspect Object", [], None, "{id, summary?: compact summary, depth?: child levels in the summary (default all), childLimit?: children shown per node (default all; a level that shows fewer reports childCount)} → one object", has_doc, doc_node),
-        cmd!(query "document.find", "Find Objects", [], None, "{name?: substring of the Layers panel name, kind?: panel label such as Group, Path, Type or Image (exact), text?: substring of type content, limit?: max matches (default 100, 0 counts only)} → {matches: [{id, name, kind, path}], total}", has_doc, doc_find),
+        cmd!(query "document.find", "Find Objects", [], None, "{name?: substring of the Layers panel name, kind?: panel label such as Group; Path; Type or Image (exact), text?: substring of type content, limit?: max matches (default 100, 0 counts only)} → {matches: [{id, name, kind, path}], total}", has_doc, doc_find),
         cmd!(query "document.json", "Document JSON", [], None, "{} → complete document model", has_doc, |s, _| Ok(serde_json::to_value(&*s.doc()?.doc).unwrap_or(Value::Null))),
         cmd!(
             "document.setUnits",
@@ -558,10 +558,20 @@ fn duplicate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
 }
 
-/// Duplicate `roots` directly above each original, transform the copies, select them. The copies
-/// take new ids in the order of `roots`. Roots listed twice, or inside another root, are copied one
-/// at a time: each copy is made from the document as the copies before it left it.
+/// Duplicate `roots` directly above each original, transform the copies, select them
+/// ([`copy_above`]).
 pub(crate) fn duplicate_in(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Selection, roots: &[NodeId], xf: Affine) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let out = copy_above(d, roots, |_, _, c| c.transform(xf, true))?;
+    sel.set(out.iter().copied());
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// Copy `roots` directly above each original and return the copies' ids. `change` gets the
+/// document, each original and its copy before the copy goes in, and must leave the document's
+/// tree as it is. The copies take new ids in the order of `roots`. Roots listed twice, or inside
+/// another root, are copied one at a time: each copy is made from the document as the copies
+/// before it left it.
+pub(crate) fn copy_above(d: &mut Document, roots: &[NodeId], mut change: impl FnMut(&mut Document, &Node, &mut Node)) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
     let paths = d.index_paths(roots.iter().copied());
     let mut found: Vec<_> = roots.iter().filter_map(|id| paths.get(id)).collect();
     found.sort_unstable();
@@ -570,7 +580,7 @@ pub(crate) fn duplicate_in(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Selectio
         for id in roots {
             let Some(n) = paths.get(id).and_then(|p| d.node_at(p)).cloned() else { continue };
             let mut c = d.reid(&n);
-            c.transform(xf, true);
+            change(d, &n, &mut c);
             copies.push((*id, vec![c]));
         }
         let out: Vec<NodeId> = copies.iter().flat_map(|(_, c)| c.iter().map(|n| n.id)).collect();
@@ -582,12 +592,11 @@ pub(crate) fn duplicate_in(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Selectio
             let Some((par, idx, _)) = d.position(*id) else { continue };
             let Some(n) = d.node(*id).cloned() else { continue };
             let mut c = d.reid(&n);
-            c.transform(xf, true);
+            change(d, &n, &mut c);
             out.push(d.insert(par, idx + 1, c)?);
         }
         out
     };
-    sel.set(out.iter().copied());
     Ok(out)
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/effectcmd.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{effect: id (see effect.list, e.g. \"stylize.dropShadow\", \"distort.roughen\", \"warp.arc\", or \"plugin.<id>\" for an installed effect plug-in), params?: {…} (missing keys take the dialog defaults), item?: appearance item index|null (apply to that fill/stroke only; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the whole object), ids?: [..] (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\" (contents: the objects inside groups and layers)} append a live effect to each selected object's appearance (a group's or layer's apply to its members as one piece: one combined shadow; a Pathfinder effect, which combines a group's contents, groups several loose selected objects first, in the same undo step) → {ids, index, item, grouped?}",
+            "{effect: id (see effect.list, e.g. \"stylize.dropShadow\", \"distort.roughen\", \"warp.arc\", or \"plugin.<id>\" for an installed effect plug-in), params?: {…} (missing keys take the dialog defaults), item?: appearance item index|null (apply to that fill/stroke only; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the whole object), ids?|id?: [..] (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\" (contents: the objects inside groups and layers)} append a live effect to each selected object's appearance (a group's or layer's apply to its members as one piece: one combined shadow; a Pathfinder effect, which combines a group's contents, groups several loose selected objects first, in the same undo step) → {ids, index, item, grouped?}",
             has_doc,
             apply
         ),
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Effects",
             [],
             None,
-            "{} → {catalog: [{id, label, menu, params, defaults, raster, lengths: {always, absolute (while relative is false)} (distance params Scale Strokes & Effects scales)}] (installed effect plug-ins last: id plugin.<plug-in id>, menu Effect › Plug-ins), applied: [{id, effects, items: [{index, kind: fill|stroke, effects}]}], activeItem} for the selection",
+            "{ids?|id?: object ids (default: the selection), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} → {catalog: [{id, label, menu, params, defaults, raster, lengths: {always, absolute (while relative is false)} (distance params Scale Strokes & Effects scales)}] (installed effect plug-ins last: id plugin.<plug-in id>, menu Effect › Plug-ins), applied: [{id, effects, items: [{index, kind: fill|stroke, effects}]}], activeItem} for the selection",
             always,
             list
         ),
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Remove Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int (position in the effect list), item?: appearance item index|null (that fill/stroke's effects; omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?: [..]} → {ids}",
+            "{index: int (position in the effect list), item?: appearance item index|null (that fill/stroke's effects; omitted: the active item, else the object's), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             remove
         ),
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Effect Options",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int, params?: {…} (merged into the current parameters), visible?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?: [..]} → {ids}",
+            "{index: int, params?: {…} (merged into the current parameters), visible?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             set_params
         ),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand Appearance",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [..], target?} turn each object's appearance into objects: every fill and stroke becomes an object of its own (strokes outlined, brushed strokes their brush art) grouped in paint order under the object's id and transparency, geometry effects are baked, raster effects become an embedded image (shadows and outer glows below the art; blur, feather and inner glow replace it), type with effects or fills of its own is outlined; Crop Marks become a group of the object and its marks; a group's or layer's own fills and strokes become objects among its members, which are expanded too. Hidden fills, strokes and effects are dropped. Enabled when a selected or targeted object's appearance isn't basic (`ids` then pick which objects) → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?: [..], target?} turn each object's appearance into objects: every fill and stroke becomes an object of its own (strokes outlined, brushed strokes their brush art) grouped in paint order under the object's id and transparency, geometry effects are baked, raster effects become an embedded image (shadows and outer glows below the art; blur, feather and inner glow replace it), type with effects or fills of its own is outlined; Crop Marks become a group of the object and its marks; a group's or layer's own fills and strokes become objects among its members, which are expanded too. Hidden fills, strokes and effects are dropped. Enabled when a selected or targeted object's appearance isn't basic (`ids` then pick which objects) → {ids}",
             can_expand,
             expand_appearance
         ),
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Duplicate Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index: int, item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?: [..]} insert a copy of the effect right after it → {ids}",
+            "{index: int, item?: appearance item index|null (as effect.remove), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} insert a copy of the effect right after it → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             duplicate
         ),
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move Effect",
             [],
             None,
-            "{from: int (position in the source list), to: int (its position in the destination list afterwards), fromItem?: appearance item index|null (the source list: that fill/stroke's effects, null the object's; omitted: the active item, else the object's), toItem?: item index|null (the destination list; default: the source list), copy?: bool (copy instead of move, as Alt-dragging the row), ids?: [..]} reorder an effect or move it between the object and its fills/strokes, as one undo step → {ids, index, item}",
+            "{from: int (position in the source list), to: int (its position in the destination list afterwards), fromItem?: appearance item index|null (the source list: that fill/stroke's effects, null the object's; omitted: the active item, else the object's), toItem?: item index|null (the destination list; default: the source list), copy?: bool (copy instead of move, as Alt-dragging the row), ids?|id?: [..], target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} reorder an effect or move it between the object and its fills/strokes, as one undo step → {ids, index, item}",
             has_doc,
             move_effect
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/expand.rs

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand…",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{object?: true (type → outlines, live shapes → paths, effects baked, blends → groups of their steps, envelopes → their distorted content, placed documents → editable copies of their art, as placing the file without link gives, its symbols, patterns, swatches and images joining the document), fill?: true (gradient fills → `gradient` art), stroke?: true (strokes → filled outlines), gradient?: \"objects\" (default: `steps` solid strips, concentric ellipses for radial gradients) | \"mesh\" (a gradient mesh), both in a clip group shaped like the object (freeform gradients always become a mesh shaped like it), steps?: 1..1000 (255)} one undo step → {ids}",
+            "{object?: true (type → outlines, live shapes → paths, effects baked, blends → groups of their steps, envelopes → their distorted content, placed documents → editable copies of their art, as placing the file without link gives, its symbols, patterns, swatches and images joining the document), fill?: true (gradient fills → `gradient` art), stroke?: true (strokes → filled outlines), gradient?: \"objects\" (default: `steps` solid strips, concentric ellipses for radial gradients) | \"mesh\" (a gradient mesh); both in a clip group shaped like the object (freeform gradients always become a mesh shaped like it), steps?: 1..1000 (255)} one undo step → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             expand
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/encode.rs

@@ -382,7 +382,13 @@ pub fn encode_all(doc: &Document, format: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
 /// [`encode_all`] of `doc` as it is.
 fn encode_all_of(doc: &Document, format: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
     let f = super::writable(C, Some(format), None)?;
+    let failed = vectorcraft_render::decode_failures();
     let mut enc = encode_files(doc, f, p)?;
+    // An image the renderer couldn't decode draws nothing: say so rather than write a picture
+    // that silently lacks it.
+    if f.raster && vectorcraft_render::decode_failures() > failed {
+        enc.warnings.push("an image couldn't be decoded and is missing from the picture".into());
+    }
     // Formats that draw type: missing fonts come out in the fallback font (PDF and SVG say so
     // themselves: SVG only when it outlines or embeds fonts).
     if (f.raster || matches!(f.id, "eps" | "emf" | "wmf"))

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/eps.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         "Export EPS",
         [],
         None,
-        "{path?, level?: 2|3 (default; PostScript language level: 3 writes smooth gradients and masks transparent image pixels out, 2 steps gradients and writes those pixels white), previewFormat?: none|tiffBw|tiffColor (default: a TIFF preview other apps show), transparentPreview?: true (else on white), overprints?: preserve (default)|discard, flattenerPreset?: \"medium\" (default; high, low or a saved preset: flattener.presets.list), flattener?: {the options of object.flattenTransparency over the preset}, embedFonts?: true (type is always written as outlines, so no fonts are needed), includeLinkedFiles?: false (the embedded document keeps linked images whole, not just their previews), thumbnails?: true (a PNG thumbnail in the file), cmykPostScript?: true (RGB documents written in CMYK), compatibleGradients?: false (stepped gradients at level 3 too), selectedOnly?: false, useArtboards?: true (one file per chosen artboard, artboards?/range?, {stem}_{artboard}.eps, the bounding box the artboard) | false (default: one file, the bounding box the visible art, y up from the first artboard's bottom-left corner)} → {path, bytes, warnings, files?}; no path → {dataBase64, …}. Transparency is flattened with the preset (EPS has none); the native document rides along in comments, for reopening the file as it was. Same as document.export {format: eps}",
+        "{path?, level?: 2|3 (default; PostScript language level: 3 writes smooth gradients and masks transparent image pixels out, 2 steps gradients and writes those pixels white), previewFormat?: none|tiffBw|tiffColor (default: a TIFF preview other apps show), transparentPreview?: true (else on white), overprints?: preserve (default)|discard, flattenerPreset?: \"medium\" (default; high, low or a saved preset: flattener.presets.list), flattener?: {the options of object.flattenTransparency over the preset}, embedFonts?: true (type is always written as outlines, so no fonts are needed), includeLinkedFiles?: false (the embedded document keeps linked images whole, not just their previews), thumbnails?: true (a PNG thumbnail in the file), cmykPostScript?: true (RGB documents written in CMYK), compatibleGradients?: false (stepped gradients at level 3 too), selectedOnly?: false, useArtboards?: true (one file per chosen artboard, artboards?/range?, {stem}_{artboard}.eps, the bounding box the artboard) | false (default: one file, the bounding box the visible art, y up from the first artboard's bottom-left corner), format?: \"eps\", artboard?: i | artboards?: [i…] | range?: \"1-3, 5\" (with useArtboards: the artboards written)} → {path, bytes, warnings, files?}; no path → {dataBase64, …}. Transparency is flattened with the preset (EPS has none); the native document rides along in comments, for reopening the file as it was. Same as document.export {format: eps}",
         has_doc,
         export_eps
     )]

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/load.rs

@@ -392,12 +392,13 @@ pub(super) fn new_from_template(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 /// The most memory decoding one image may take: a 60 in print sheet at 300 ppi (18000 × 6600 px)
 /// is ~475 MB as RGBA, past the decoder's 512 MB default once it is converted. The web app keeps
 /// that default: wasm32 has 4 GB to address and aborts when an allocation fails.
-const MAX_RASTER_ALLOC: u64 = if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") { 512 << 20 } else { 2 << 30 };
+pub(crate) const MAX_RASTER_ALLOC: u64 = if cfg!(target_arch = "wasm32") { 512 << 20 } else { 2 << 30 };
 
 /// Decode an image's header (and, for formats stored as PNG, its pixels). CMYK TIFFs are kept as
 /// they are, with their ink amounts ([`ImageBlob::cmyk`]); CMYK TIFFs with an alpha channel, which
 /// the decoder can't read, become RGBA in the active colour settings' CMYK, as do CMYK Photoshop
-/// documents, whose merged image is read ([`psdread`]).
+/// documents, whose merged image is read ([`psdread`]). Grayscale TIFFs with an alpha channel or
+/// other extra channels, which the decoder can't read either, become RGBA too.
 pub fn raster_image(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<RasterImage> {
     let ppi = super::ppi::resolution(bytes);
     if psdread::is_psd(bytes) {
@@ -415,11 +416,11 @@ pub fn raster_image(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<RasterImage> {
         let (width, height) = reader.into_dimensions().map_err(err)?;
         return stored(bytes.to_vec(), f.mime, (width, height), ppi);
     }
-    let cmyka = || {
+    let extra_samples = || {
         let cms = vectorcraft_color::cms::active();
-        vectorcraft_doc::cmyk::cmyka_tiff_rgba(bytes, |c| cms.cmyk_to_srgb(c, false))
+        vectorcraft_doc::cmyk::extra_samples_tiff_rgba(bytes, |c| cms.cmyk_to_srgb(c, false))
     };
-    let img = match (f.id == "tiff").then(cmyka).flatten() {
+    let img = match (f.id == "tiff").then(extra_samples).flatten() {
         Some(img) => img,
         None => reader.decode().map_err(err)?.to_rgba8(),
     };

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/mod.rs

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ pub mod eps;
 mod export;
 pub(crate) mod imagemap;
 mod load;
+pub(crate) use load::MAX_RASTER_ALLOC;
 mod metafile;
 mod native;
 pub mod pdf;
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Open Document",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path} or {name, dataBase64}, PDF/.ai: pages?: \"2-3, 5\" (1-based, default all; one artboard each) | page?: n, cropTo?: bounding|art|crop (default)|trim|bleed|media (the box each artboard gets; bounding: the art's bounds; trim: the bleed box round it becomes the document's bleed; a PDF-compatible .ai or a PDF saved with its editing data opens on its trim boxes for crop), password? (encrypted PDFs; see document.pdfInfo), textAs?: text (default: point type per line, lines wrapped in a frame as area type where they lay out the same, in the file's fonts by name; missing ones are listed in warnings) | outlines (glyph paths), layers?: true (default: optional content groups become layers with their visibility, print state and lock — art that is off comes in as a hidden layer; other art goes to a layer per page) | false (one layer per page, without the art that is off; Save then asks for a name), editingData?: true (default: an EPS, .ai or PDF that carries its editor's own copy of the art opens from it, with its layers, hidden objects, guides, artboards and the art outside them; a .ai or PDF whose type shows opens from its PDF part with textAs: outlines) | \"always\" (as true, and a .ai's editing copy is used even where it draws differently from its PDF part, which can be older; the warnings say so) | false (only what its page or PDF part prints, for print pipelines; a .ai saved without PDF compatibility then can't be opened), colorMode?: rgb|cmyk (the mode the document opens in, its colours converted as file.documentColorMode does, grays? as there; default: the file's — a PDF keeps CMYK, Gray and spot inks (spot swatches at a tint) and opens in CMYK when painted mostly in CMYK), DXF: dxf?: {layout?: \"Model\" (default) | a paper layout's name (document.dxfInfo lists them), unit?, scale? (the ratio: 1 unit of the art = scale drawing units; default: the drawing at 1:1 in its own unit), fit?: false (scale to fit an artboard of fitTo?: [612, 792], turned to the art's orientation), scaleLineweights?: false (lineweights scale with the art), center?: true (false: the drawing's origin on the artboard's bottom-left corner; fitted art's bottom-left corner), mergeLayers?: false (all art on one layer)} → {index, title, format, warnings, restored, missingLinks, modifiedLinks, updatedLinks: [{name, path, ids}]}; any readable format (see document.formats): .vectorcraft/.drawcraft, .svg/.svgz, .pdf/.ai, .ait, ASCII .dxf (each DXF layer with art a layer; blocks symbols; what can't come in is listed in warnings), PNG/JPEG/GIF/WebP/TIFF/BMP (an image opens as a document of its size at the resolution it declares, as file.place sizes it; 72 ppi, 1 px = 1 pt, when it declares none), .emf/.wmf (one artboard, the picture's frame; records VectorCraft doesn't read are skipped with one warning), .eps and PostScript .ai (one artboard, the bounding box: an EPS file VectorCraft wrote restores the document it carries, restored: true; other files are read by a PostScript interpreter — paths, colours and spot inks, clips, gradients, images, type in the fonts named — and come in as their TIFF preview, with a warning, when their PostScript can't be read). A PDF/.ai/.ait or SVG saved with Preserve Editing restores the native document it carries (restored: true; a PDF only when no pages are picked), unless the file was changed elsewhere since or the data can't be read: then its artwork is imported and the first warning says why. Templates (native templates, .ait) open as a new untitled document; a restored .ai keeps its path (Save writes .ai again). Linked images are read from their files (looked for at their path, then relative to the document): missing ones show their saved preview (links.relink), modified ones are read again only with Preferences › Update Links: Automatically (else links.update). An SVG's <image> files (relative links from the SVG's folder) stay linked, SVG files become art, missing ones a placeholder in their box (a warning and missingLinks)",
+            "{path | name | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its name with its bytes), pages?: \"2-3, 5\" (PDF/.ai: 1-based, default all; one artboard each) | page?: n, cropTo?: bounding|art|crop (default)|trim|bleed|media (the box each artboard gets; bounding: the art's bounds; trim: the bleed box round it becomes the document's bleed; a PDF-compatible .ai or a PDF saved with its editing data opens on its trim boxes for crop), password? (encrypted PDFs; see document.pdfInfo), textAs?: text (default: point type per line, lines wrapped in a frame as area type where they lay out the same, in the file's fonts by name; missing ones are listed in warnings) | outlines (glyph paths), layers?: true (default: optional content groups become layers with their visibility, print state and lock — art that is off comes in as a hidden layer; other art goes to a layer per page) | false (one layer per page, without the art that is off; Save then asks for a name), editingData?: true (default: an EPS, .ai or PDF that carries its editor's own copy of the art opens from it, with its layers, hidden objects, guides, artboards and the art outside them; a .ai or PDF whose type shows opens from its PDF part with textAs: outlines) | \"always\" (as true, and a .ai's editing copy is used even where it draws differently from its PDF part, which can be older; the warnings say so) | false (only what its page or PDF part prints, for print pipelines; a .ai saved without PDF compatibility then can't be opened), colorMode?: rgb|cmyk (the mode the document opens in, its colours converted as file.documentColorMode does, grays? as there; default: the file's — a PDF keeps CMYK, Gray and spot inks (spot swatches at a tint) and opens in CMYK when painted mostly in CMYK), grays?: as file.documentColorMode, dxf?: {layout?: \"Model\" (default) | a paper layout's name (document.dxfInfo lists them), unit?, scale? (the ratio: 1 unit of the art = scale drawing units; default: the drawing at 1:1 in its own unit), fit?: false (scale to fit an artboard of fitTo?: [612, 792], turned to the art's orientation), scaleLineweights?: false (lineweights scale with the art), center?: true (false: the drawing's origin on the artboard's bottom-left corner; fitted art's bottom-left corner), mergeLayers?: false (all art on one layer)} (DXF), crop?: as cropTo (its older name)} → {index, title, format, warnings, restored, missingLinks, modifiedLinks, updatedLinks: [{name, path, ids}]}; any readable format (see document.formats): .vectorcraft/.drawcraft, .svg/.svgz, .pdf/.ai, .ait, ASCII .dxf (each DXF layer with art a layer; blocks symbols; what can't come in is listed in warnings), PNG/JPEG/GIF/WebP/TIFF/BMP (an image opens as a document of its size at the resolution it declares, as file.place sizes it; 72 ppi, 1 px = 1 pt, when it declares none), .emf/.wmf (one artboard, the picture's frame; records VectorCraft doesn't read are skipped with one warning), .eps and PostScript .ai (one artboard, the bounding box: an EPS file VectorCraft wrote restores the document it carries, restored: true; other files are read by a PostScript interpreter — paths, colours and spot inks, clips, gradients, images, type in the fonts named — and come in as their TIFF preview, with a warning, when their PostScript can't be read). A PDF/.ai/.ait or SVG saved with Preserve Editing restores the native document it carries (restored: true; a PDF only when no pages are picked), unless the file was changed elsewhere since or the data can't be read: then its artwork is imported and the first warning says why. Templates (native templates, .ait) open as a new untitled document; a restored .ai keeps its path (Save writes .ai again). Linked images are read from their files (looked for at their path, then relative to the document): missing ones show their saved preview (links.relink), modified ones are read again only with Preferences › Update Links: Automatically (else links.update). An SVG's <image> files (relative links from the SVG's folder) stay linked, SVG files become art, missing ones a placeholder in their box (a warning and missingLinks)",
             always,
             load::open
         ),
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Export Document",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, format?: svg|svgz|pdf|png|jpg|webp|gif|png8|txt|dxf|eps|emf|wmf|tiff|bmp|tga|psd|vectorcraft|template (default: from the path's extension, else png; png8 writes an indexed .png), selectedOnly?: false (the selected objects alone, in their layers), artboard?: 0, artboards?: [i…], range?: \"1-3, 5\" | \"all\" (1-based; PDF writes one page per artboard, default all; SVG writes one file per artboard, {stem}-{artboard}.svg; raster formats write one artboard), useArtboards?: true (raster: one file per chosen artboard, default all, {stem}-{artboard}.{ext}; pdf: every page) | false (pdf/raster: the bounds of the visible art; SVG has it as an SVG option), raster: ppi?: 72 (pixels per inch, stored in the file; wins over scale), scale?: 1 (pixels per point), background?: transparent|white|black|\"#rrggbb\" (jpg: white when transparent), antiAlias?: none|art (default)|type (text snapped to pixels), interlaced?: false (png, Adam7), jpg: quality?: 90 (0–100), colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray, method?: baseline|optimized|progressive, scans?: 3 (3–5, progressive), embedIcc?: true, imageMap?: none|client|server (an HTML or NCSA map of the objects with a URL, written as <stem>.html / <stem>.map), gif/png8: colors?: 256 (2–256), reduction?: perceptual|selective (default)|adaptive|web|blackWhite|gray, dither?: none|diffusion (default)|pattern|noise, ditherAmount?: 100, transparency?: true, matte?: white|\"#rrggbb\"|none, interlaced?, webp: lossless?: true (lossy WebP isn't available yet: written lossless, with a warning), txt: the stories in stacking order (back to front; a thread once), encoding?: utf8|utf16 (with a byte order mark), lineEndings?: lf|crlf, selectionOnly?: false; SVG options flat or as svg: {styling, outlineText, images, objectIds, decimals, minify, responsive, useArtboards, preserveEditing, metadata, fewerTspans, hiddenLayers, encoding, profile, embedFonts} (see document.formats), …the PDF options of document.exportPdf, …the DXF options of document.exportDxf (useArtboards: one drawing per artboard), …the EPS options of document.exportEps (useArtboards: one file per artboard, {stem}_{artboard}.eps; else the visible art), emf/wmf: one picture of the artboard (useArtboards: true one file per chosen artboard, false the bounds of the visible art; EMF keeps curves, clipping, transparent images and gradients as images clipped to their shape; WMF flattens curves into polygons behind a placeable header; what a format leaves out comes back in warnings), tiff: colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray (rgb keeps transparency as an alpha channel), lzw?: true, byteOrder?: little|big, embedIcc?: true, bmp: colorModel?: rgb|gray, depth?: 24 (1 black and white, 4|8 a palette by reduction and dither, 16, 24, 32 with alpha), fileFormat?: windows|os2 (1, 4, 8 or 24 bits), rle?: false (4 and 8 bits, windows), flipRows?: false (top-down rows), tga: depth?: 24 (16 one-bit alpha, 24, 32 with alpha), psd: colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray, layers?: true (each top-level layer a pixel layer with its opacity and blend mode; a background colour is a Background layer; false: one flat image, on white), maxEditability?: false (layers and sublayers become groups, each object a layer named as in the Layers panel, text by its text; clipping, masked or knockout layers stay one layer), hiddenLayers?: false (hidden layers and objects written hidden instead of left out), embedIcc?: true, at most 30000 pixels a side; formats without alpha are flattened on white} → {path, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [path…] (several), linked?: [path…] (linked images, image maps)}; no path → {dataBase64, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [{name, dataBase64}], linked?: [{name, dataBase64}]}. Never changes the document's path",
+            "{path?, format?: svg|svgz|pdf|png|jpg|webp|gif|png8|txt|dxf|eps|emf|wmf|tiff|bmp|tga|psd|vectorcraft|template (default: from the path's extension, else png; png8 writes an indexed .png), selectedOnly?: false (the selected objects alone, in their layers), artboard?: 0, artboards?: [i…], range?: \"1-3, 5\" | \"all\" (1-based; PDF writes one page per artboard, default all; SVG writes one file per artboard, {stem}-{artboard}.svg; raster formats write one artboard), useArtboards?: true (raster: one file per chosen artboard, default all, {stem}-{artboard}.{ext}; pdf: every page) | false (pdf/raster: the bounds of the visible art; SVG has it as an SVG option), ppi?: 72 (raster formats: pixels per inch, stored in the file; wins over scale), scale?: 1 (pixels per point), background?: transparent|white|black|\"#rrggbb\" (jpg: white when transparent), antiAlias?: none|art (default)|type (text snapped to pixels), interlaced?: false (png, Adam7), quality?: 90 (jpg: 0–100), colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray (jpg), method?: baseline|optimized|progressive, scans?: 3 (3–5, progressive), embedIcc?: true, imageMap?: none|client|server (an HTML or NCSA map of the objects with a URL, written as <stem>.html / <stem>.map), colors?: 256 (gif/png8: 2–256), reduction?: perceptual|selective (default)|adaptive|web|blackWhite|gray, dither?: none|diffusion (default)|pattern|noise, ditherAmount?: 100, transparency?: true, matte?: white|\"#rrggbb\"|none, interlaced?, lossless?: true (webp: lossy WebP isn't available yet: written lossless, with a warning), encoding?: utf8|utf16 (txt: the stories in stacking order, back to front, a thread once; utf16 with a byte order mark), lineEndings?: lf|crlf, selectionOnly?: false, svg?: {styling, outlineText, images, objectIds, decimals, minify, responsive, useArtboards, preserveEditing, metadata, fewerTspans, hiddenLayers, encoding, profile, embedFonts} (see document.formats), …the SVG options given flat instead, …the PDF options of document.exportPdf, …the DXF options of document.exportDxf (useArtboards: one drawing per artboard), …the EPS options of document.exportEps (useArtboards: one file per artboard, {stem}_{artboard}.eps; else the visible art), …emf and wmf write one picture of the artboard (useArtboards: true one file per chosen artboard, false the bounds of the visible art; EMF keeps curves, clipping, transparent images and gradients as images clipped to their shape; WMF flattens curves into polygons behind a placeable header; what a format leaves out comes back in warnings), colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray (tiff: rgb keeps transparency as an alpha channel), lzw?: true, byteOrder?: little|big, embedIcc?: true, colorModel?: rgb|gray (bmp), depth?: 24 (bmp: 1 black and white, 4|8 a palette by reduction and dither, 16, 24, 32 with alpha), fileFormat?: windows|os2 (1, 4, 8 or 24 bits), rle?: false (4 and 8 bits, windows), flipRows?: false (top-down rows), depth?: 24 (tga: 16 one-bit alpha, 24, 32 with alpha), colorModel?: rgb|cmyk|gray (psd), layers?: true (each top-level layer a pixel layer with its opacity and blend mode; a background colour is a Background layer; false: one flat image, on white), maxEditability?: false (layers and sublayers become groups, each object a layer named as in the Layers panel, text by its text; clipping, masked or knockout layers stay one layer), hiddenLayers?: false (hidden layers and objects written hidden instead of left out), embedIcc?: true (at most 30000 pixels a side; formats without alpha are flattened on white)} → {path, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [path…] (several), linked?: [path…] (linked images, image maps)}; no path → {dataBase64, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [{name, dataBase64}], linked?: [{name, dataBase64}]}. Never changes the document's path",
             has_doc,
             export::export
         ),
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "PDF Info",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path} or {name?, dataBase64}, password?, thumbnail?: page (1-based), thumbnailSize?: 160 (px, longest side), cropTo?: crop (the thumbnail's box) → {pages, needsPassword, wrongPassword?, pageInfo: [{width, height (pt, as shown), rotation, boxes: {media, crop, bleed, trim, art: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (PDF space, pt)}}], thumbnail?: PNG dataBase64}; an encrypted PDF without its password → {pages: 0, needsPassword: true}",
+            "{path | name? | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its bytes), password?, thumbnail?: page (1-based), thumbnailSize?: 160 (px, longest side), cropTo?: crop (the thumbnail's box)} → {pages, needsPassword, wrongPassword?, pageInfo: [{width, height (pt, as shown), rotation, boxes: {media, crop, bleed, trim, art: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (PDF space, pt)}}], thumbnail?: PNG dataBase64}; an encrypted PDF without its password → {pages: 0, needsPassword: true}",
             always,
             pdfimport::pdf_info
         ),
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save for Office Documents…",
             ["File"],
             None,
-            "{path?, ppi?: 150 (72, 150, 300… pixels per inch), transparent?: false (else on white), artboard?: 0} the artboard as a PNG for office documents and slides → {path, bytes, width, height} (pixels); no path → {dataBase64, bytes, width, height}",
+            "{path?, ppi?: 150 (72, 150, 300… pixels per inch), transparent?: false (else on white), artboard?: 0, acknowledgeLoss?: bool (write over the file the document was read from although reading it left things out)} the artboard as a PNG for office documents and slides → {path, bytes, width, height} (pixels); no path → {dataBase64, bytes, width, height}",
             has_doc,
             export::export_for_office
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/pdf.rs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Export PDF",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, preset?: \"VectorCraft Default\" (built-in or saved: pdf.preset.list), artboard? | artboards?: [i…] | range?: \"1-3, 5\" (1-based; default all, one page each), standard?: none|pdfA2b|pdfX1a (CMYK, grey and spot colours only: colours and images converted to output.destination or the CMYK output intent, untagged; transparency flattened with flattenerPreset; PDF 1.3)|pdfX3 (colours ICC-tagged; transparency flattened; PDF 1.3)|pdfX4 (transparency and layers kept; colours ICC-tagged; PDF 1.6 at most) (PDF/X: a /GTS_PDFX output intent, by default the CMYK profile in effect, embedded; TrimBox, Trapped, GTS_PDFXVersion, title and dates; fonts embedded or outlined), compatibility?: 1.3 (no transparency: it is flattened with flattenerPreset; images keep no see-through pixels)|1.4|1.5|1.6|1.7 (default)|2.0 (choosing a standard sets its version: 1.7 for pdfA2b, 1.6 for pdfX4, 1.3 for pdfX1a and pdfX3, which write 1.4 as 1.3 too; pdfA2b refuses 1.3), preserveEditing? (on in VectorCraft Default: the native document as an embedded file, which document.open restores; choosing a standard turns it off, a standard refuses it), thumbnails? (each page drawn as a /Thumb image, 106 px on its long side), fastWebView? (a linearised file: the first page shows while the rest downloads; it stays linearised when encrypted), viewAfterSaving? (the app opens the written file), createLayers? (each layer and sublayer but template layers as a PDF layer, an optional content group listed under its layer's: hidden layers off, non-printing ones /PrintState /OFF, locked ones locked; needs 1.5 or later; they reopen as layers; choosing pdfX1a or pdfX3 turns it off; they refuse it), includeNonPrinting? (keep layers whose Print option is off; left out by default unless createLayers), flattenerPreset?: \"\" (High Resolution) | high | medium | low | a saved preset (flattener.presets.list): what PDF 1.3 files flatten transparency with, flattener?: {object.flattenTransparency options over it}, compression?: {color?, gray?: {downsample: none|average|subsample|bicubic, ppi: 300, abovePpi: 450, compression: none|zip|jpeg|jpeg2000|auto, quality: minimum|low|medium|high|maximum}, mono?: {downsample, ppi: 1200, abovePpi: 1800, compression: none|ccittG3|ccittG4|zip|runLength} (black-and-white images), compressText?: true} (images above abovePpi are resampled to ppi; auto keeps JPEGs JPEG, the others lossless; JPEG needs opaque images; none, jpeg2000, CCITT and runLength are written as ZIP with a warning), marks?: {trim, registration, colorBars, pageInfo, kind: roman|japanese, weight: 0.25 (trim marks and targets), offset: 6 (pt from the artboard, at least the bleed)} (printer's marks in [Registration], every plate: trim marks, registration targets mid-side, CMYK/spot/black-tint colour bars on top, page information (title, artboard, date UTC) below), bleed?: {useDocument (the document's bleed, document.setup), top, bottom, left, right} (pt; art in the bleed is kept). Each page: TrimBox = artboard, BleedBox = artboard + bleed, MediaBox = that + the marks' room (art clipped to the BleedBox), output?: {conversion: none (default)|destination (every colour into the destination profile's model, CMYK or RGB, also colours of that model in another profile)|preserveNumbers (only colours of the other model and Lab; those in the destination's model keep their numbers) (grey stays grey; images are converted too, printer's marks are not), destination: profile name (edit.colorSettings lists them; default: the document's profile for its colour mode), profiles: none (device colours)|all|destination|taggedSource (documents assigned a profile: edit.assignProfile) (ICC-based colours: CMYK with the destination or document CMYK profile, RGB as sRGB, grey with the sRGB tone curve; PDF/A always), outputIntent: profile name (embedded as the catalog's /GTS_PDFX output intent; a name that isn't a profile is only named, which pdfX1a and pdfX3 allow only with a registry and pdfX4 refuses; pdfX1a needs a CMYK one), outputCondition, outputConditionId (default: outputIntent), registry, trapped (/Trapped /True; /False when an output intent is written)} (PDF/A files keep their own output intent), advanced?: {fontSubsetPercent: 100 (below 100 is accepted with a warning: fonts are always embedded as subsets), outlineText: false (type as real, selectable and searchable text in embedded subset fonts with a ToUnicode map; fonts whose licence forbids embedding, or allows only whole fonts, stay outlines with a warning; true: every glyph as an outline), overprint: preserve (overprinting fills and strokes set /OP /op true, /OPM 1; white ones knock out with document.setup discardWhiteOverprint)|discard (they knock out)}, security?: {openPassword, permissionsPassword, printing: none|low|high, changes: none|pages|forms|comments|any, copy, screenReader, plaintextMetadata}} → {path, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, bytes, warnings}. The options apply over the preset (null k
Line truncated
+            "{path?, preset?: \"VectorCraft Default\" (built-in or saved: pdf.preset.list), artboard? | artboards?: [i…] | range?: \"1-3, 5\" (1-based; default all, one page each), standard?: none|pdfA2b|pdfX1a (CMYK, grey and spot colours only: colours and images converted to output.destination or the CMYK output intent, untagged; transparency flattened with flattenerPreset; PDF 1.3)|pdfX3 (colours ICC-tagged; transparency flattened; PDF 1.3)|pdfX4 (transparency and layers kept; colours ICC-tagged; PDF 1.6 at most) (PDF/X: a /GTS_PDFX output intent, by default the CMYK profile in effect, embedded; TrimBox, Trapped, GTS_PDFXVersion, title and dates; fonts embedded or outlined), compatibility?: 1.3 (no transparency: it is flattened with flattenerPreset; images keep no see-through pixels)|1.4|1.5|1.6|1.7 (default)|2.0 (choosing a standard sets its version: 1.7 for pdfA2b, 1.6 for pdfX4, 1.3 for pdfX1a and pdfX3, which write 1.4 as 1.3 too; pdfA2b refuses 1.3), preserveEditing? (on in VectorCraft Default: the native document as an embedded file, which document.open restores; choosing a standard turns it off, a standard refuses it), thumbnails? (each page drawn as a /Thumb image, 106 px on its long side), fastWebView? (a linearised file: the first page shows while the rest downloads; it stays linearised when encrypted), viewAfterSaving? (the app opens the written file), createLayers? (each layer and sublayer but template layers as a PDF layer, an optional content group listed under its layer's: hidden layers off, non-printing ones /PrintState /OFF, locked ones locked; needs 1.5 or later; they reopen as layers; choosing pdfX1a or pdfX3 turns it off; they refuse it), includeNonPrinting? (keep layers whose Print option is off; left out by default unless createLayers), flattenerPreset?: \"\" (High Resolution) | high | medium | low | a saved preset (flattener.presets.list): what PDF 1.3 files flatten transparency with, flattener?: {object.flattenTransparency options over it}, compression?: {color?, gray?: {downsample: none|average|subsample|bicubic, ppi: 300, abovePpi: 450, compression: none|zip|jpeg|jpeg2000|auto, quality: minimum|low|medium|high|maximum}, mono?: {downsample, ppi: 1200, abovePpi: 1800, compression: none|ccittG3|ccittG4|zip|runLength} (black-and-white images), compressText?: true} (images above abovePpi are resampled to ppi; auto keeps JPEGs JPEG, the others lossless; JPEG needs opaque images; none, jpeg2000, CCITT and runLength are written as ZIP with a warning), marks?: {trim, registration, colorBars, pageInfo, kind: roman|japanese, weight: 0.25 (trim marks and targets), offset: 6 (pt from the artboard, at least the bleed)} (printer's marks in [Registration], every plate: trim marks, registration targets mid-side, CMYK/spot/black-tint colour bars on top, page information (title, artboard, date UTC) below), bleed?: {useDocument (the document's bleed, document.setup), top, bottom, left, right} (pt; art in the bleed is kept). Each page: TrimBox = artboard, BleedBox = artboard + bleed, MediaBox = that + the marks' room (art clipped to the BleedBox), output?: {conversion: none (default)|destination (every colour into the destination profile's model, CMYK or RGB, also colours of that model in another profile)|preserveNumbers (only colours of the other model and Lab; those in the destination's model keep their numbers) (grey stays grey; images are converted too, printer's marks are not), destination: profile name (edit.colorSettings lists them; default: the document's profile for its colour mode), profiles: none (device colours)|all|destination|taggedSource (documents assigned a profile: edit.assignProfile) (ICC-based colours: CMYK with the destination or document CMYK profile, RGB as sRGB, grey with the sRGB tone curve; PDF/A always), outputIntent: profile name (embedded as the catalog's /GTS_PDFX output intent; a name that isn't a profile is only named, which pdfX1a and pdfX3 allow only with a registry and pdfX4 refuses; pdfX1a needs a CMYK one), outputCondition, outputConditionId (default: outputIntent), registry, trapped (/Trapped /True; /False when an output intent is written)} (PDF/A files keep their own output intent), advanced?: {fontSubsetPercent: 100 (below 100 is accepted with a warning: fonts are always embedded as subsets), outlineText: false (type as real, selectable and searchable text in embedded subset fonts with a ToUnicode map; fonts whose licence forbids embedding, or allows only whole fonts, stay outlines with a warning; true: every glyph as an outline), overprint: preserve (overprinting fills and strokes set /OP /op true, /OPM 1; white ones knock out with document.setup discardWhiteOverprint)|discard (they knock out)}, security?: {openPassword, permissionsPassword, printing: none|low|high, changes: none|pages|forms|comments|any, copy, screenReader, plaintextMetadata}, acknowledgeLoss?: bool (write over the file the document was read from although reading it left things out), form
Line truncated
             has_doc,
             export_pdf
         ),
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "PDF Settings",
             [],
             None,
-            "{preset?, includeDocument?: false, …document.exportPdf options} → {settings (the preset with the options applied), presets: [name…], changed: [{option: \"compression.compressText\", value}] (what differs from the preset), warnings}; includeDocument also exports the active document in memory and adds its warnings (knockout groups approximated, effects left out…)",
+            "{preset?, includeDocument?: false, …options of document.exportPdf} → {settings (the preset with the options applied), presets: [name…], changed: [{option: \"compression.compressText\", value}] (what differs from the preset), warnings}; includeDocument also exports the active document in memory and adds its warnings (knockout groups approximated, effects left out…)",
             always,
             pdf_settings
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/save.rs

@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ pub(super) fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save Document",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, format?: vectorcraft|template|pdf|svg|svgz|ai (default: the path's extension, else the document's own format), options?: {…the format's options, see file.formatOptions; default: as last saved}, svg?: {…SVG options} (SVG options may also be given flat; an SVG save keeps hidden layers, display:none, unless hiddenLayers is false), native (also flat): compress?: bool (gzip; default: the useCompression preference), version?: 4 (3, 2 or 1: for older VectorCraft versions; 1 and 2 are never compressed), preview?: false (embed a PNG of the first artboard, at most 256 px), native and .ai: separateArtboards?: false (also save each artboard of range?: \"1-3, 5\"|\"all\" (default) to <name>-<artboard>.<ext> beside the file, holding that artboard and the art touching it; the result's files lists every file written), includeLinked?: false (keep linked files' own pixels, not just their previews; they stay linked), embedProfiles?: true (carry the ICC profiles loaded from files that the document is tagged with; opening the file installs them where missing), pdfCompatible?: false for native (also carry a PDF of every artboard) | true for .ai (false: blank pages, only the native document), .ai: compress?: true (compression.compressText), modified?: Unix seconds|null (the File Info modified date, and created date when there is none, a save to a file stamps; default now, recorded in the journal so a replay matches; null: leave the dates)} → {path, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [path…] (the file and its artboards' files), linked?: [path…] (images an SVG links to)}. Save writes one artboard, except a .ai file: a PDF-compatible file of every artboard carrying the native document (preserveEditing always on; PDF options flat or in options), which document.open restores exactly; separateArtboards writes more files, one per artboard. Without a path it writes the document's own file in its own format: a document opened from or saved as SVG/PDF saves as that again (warnings name what the format loses). No path known (never saved, converted from an older version, restored by Data Recovery, or another format) → {dataBase64, format, name, folder?, warnings} and the document stays modified",
+            "{path?, format?: vectorcraft|template|pdf|svg|svgz|ai (default: the path's extension, else the document's own format), options?: {…the format's options, see file.formatOptions; default: as last saved}, svg?: {…SVG options} (an SVG save keeps hidden layers, display:none, unless hiddenLayers is false), …the SVG and PDF options given flat instead, compress?: bool (native, also in options: gzip; default: the useCompression preference), version?: 4 (3, 2 or 1: for older VectorCraft versions; 1 and 2 are never compressed), preview?: false (embed a PNG of the first artboard, at most 256 px), separateArtboards?: false (native and .ai: also save each artboard of `range` to <name>-<artboard>.<ext> beside the file, holding that artboard and the art touching it; the result's files lists every file written), range?: \"1-3, 5\"|\"all\" (default; with separateArtboards), includeLinked?: false (keep linked files' own pixels, not just their previews; they stay linked), embedProfiles?: true (carry the ICC profiles loaded from files that the document is tagged with; opening the file installs them where missing), pdfCompatible?: false for native (also carry a PDF of every artboard) | true for .ai (false: blank pages, only the native document; a .ai file's compress, default true, is its compression.compressText), modified?: Unix seconds|null (the File Info modified date, and created date when there is none, a save to a file stamps; default now, recorded in the journal so a replay matches; null: leave the dates)} → {path, format, bytes, warnings, files?: [path…] (the file and its artboards' files), linked?: [path…] (images an SVG links to)}. Save writes one artboard, except a .ai file: a PDF-compatible file of every artboard carrying the native document (preserveEditing always on; PDF options flat or in options), which document.open restores exactly; separateArtboards writes more files, one per artboard. Without a path it writes the document's own file in its own format: a document opened from or saved as SVG/PDF saves as that again (warnings name what the format loses). No path known (never saved, converted from an older version, restored by Data Recovery, or another format) → {dataBase64, format, name, folder?, warnings} and the document stays modified",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| save(s, SaveMode::Save, p)
         ),
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ pub(super) fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save As…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Shift+S"),
-            "{path?, format?: vectorcraft|template|pdf|svg|svgz|ai (default: the path's extension, else the document's own), options?, svg?, modified? (as document.save)} the document takes on the new path, name and format (except a template, which is always a copy) → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name, folder?, warnings}",
+            "{…as document.save} {path?, format?: vectorcraft|template|pdf|svg|svgz|ai (default: the path's extension, else the document's own), options?, svg?, modified?} the document takes on the new path, name and format (except a template, which is always a copy) → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name, folder?, warnings}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| save(s, SaveMode::SaveAs, p)
         ),
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ pub(super) fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save a Copy…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+S"),
-            "{path?, format?, options?} (as file.saveAs) write a copy; the document keeps its path, title and modified state → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name: \"<name> copy.<ext>\", folder?, warnings}",
+            "{…as document.save} {path?, format?, options?} write a copy; the document keeps its path, title and modified state → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name: \"<name> copy.<ext>\", folder?, warnings}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| save(s, SaveMode::Copy, p)
         ),
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@ pub(super) fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save as Template…",
             ["File"],
             None,
-            "{path?, compress?, version?, preview? (as document.save)} a native template (.vctemplate) that opens as a new untitled document; the document is unchanged → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name: \"<name> template.vctemplate\", folder: the Templates folder (preference templatesFolder), warnings}",
+            "{…as document.save} {path?, compress?, version?, preview?} a native template (.vctemplate) that opens as a new untitled document; the document is unchanged → {path, format, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, format, name: \"<name> template.vctemplate\", folder: the Templates folder (preference templatesFolder), warnings}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| save(s, SaveMode::Template, p)
         ),
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@ pub(super) fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Revert",
             ["File"],
             Some("F12"),
-            "{} discard the changes: reload the saved file into the same tab (history cleared; the tab keeps its place and view). Saved, modified documents only; if the file can't be read the document is left as it is → {path}. The app asks first (a confirm dialog) unless confirmed: true",
+            "{confirmed?: bool (the app's own: it asks first, then runs the command with it)} discard the changes: reload the saved file into the same tab (history cleared; the tab keeps its place and view). Saved, modified documents only; if the file can't be read the document is left as it is → {path}. The app asks first (a confirm dialog) unless confirmed: true",
             can_revert,
             revert
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_raster.rs

@@ -163,3 +163,20 @@ fn an_image_opens_at_the_size_its_resolution_declares() {
         assert!((art.width() - w).abs() < 1e-6 && (art.height() - h).abs() < 1e-6, "{what}: the image fills it, {art:?}");
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn a_raster_export_says_when_an_image_could_not_be_decoded() {
+    // A PNG whose header reads (so it places at its size) but whose pixel data is cut short:
+    // the renderer can't decode it and draws nothing, which the export must say.
+    let mut s = session(72.0, 36.0, 1);
+    let mut png = Vec::new();
+    image::RgbaImage::from_pixel(64, 32, image::Rgba([200, 30, 30, 255]))
+        .write_to(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&mut png), image::ImageFormat::Png)
+        .unwrap();
+    let cut = png_chunk(&png, b"IDAT").map(|d| d.as_ptr() as usize - png.as_ptr() as usize).unwrap() + 4;
+    png.truncate(cut);
+    s.execute("file.place", &json!({"name": "cut.png", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&png)})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("document.export", &json!({"format": "png", "background": "transparent"})).unwrap();
+    let warnings = r["warnings"].as_array().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+    assert!(warnings.iter().any(|w| w.as_str().is_some_and(|w| w.contains("couldn't be decoded"))), "{r}");
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/flatten.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use vectorcraft_render::effects;
 
 use super::edit::roots_of;
 use super::menucmds::{MAX_PIXELS, isolated_doc, unique_key};
-use super::pathops::{node_path, outline_strokes, outline_strokes_under, shape_node};
+use super::pathops::{node_path, outline_strokes, outline_strokes_under, separate, shape_node};
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Flatten Transparency…",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{preset?: \"high\"|\"medium\"|\"low\" or a saved preset's name (see flattener.presets.list; default medium), balance?: 0..100 (raster/vector balance; 0 rasterizes everything), lineArtPpi?: 1..2400, gradientPpi?: 1..2400 (areas only gradients and meshes reach), textToOutlines?, strokesToOutlines?, clipComplexRegions? (clip images to the region outlines, else rectangles), antiAlias?, preserveAlpha? (composite over nothing instead of white), preserveOverprints? (areas showing one paint keep its colour and overprint; false clears overprints), options?: {the same keys}, ids?} overlapping transparent objects become one group of flat-colour regions (CMYK colours composited ink by ink in CMYK documents), plus an image where gradients, patterns, images, masks or raster effects reach; objects without transparency stay → {ids, rasterized: images made, vector: regions made, options}",
+            "{preset?: \"high\"|\"medium\"|\"low\" or a saved preset's name (see flattener.presets.list; default medium), balance?: 0..100 (raster/vector balance; 0 rasterizes everything), lineArtPpi?: 1..2400, gradientPpi?: 1..2400 (areas only gradients and meshes reach), textToOutlines?, strokesToOutlines?, clipComplexRegions? (clip images to the region outlines, else rectangles), antiAlias?, preserveAlpha? (composite over nothing instead of white), preserveOverprints? (areas showing one paint keep its colour and overprint; false clears overprints), options?: {the same keys}, ids?|id?} overlapping transparent objects become one group of flat-colour regions (CMYK colours composited ink by ink in CMYK documents), plus an image where gradients, patterns, images, masks or raster effects reach; objects without transparency stay → {ids, rasterized: images made, vector: regions made, options}",
             has_doc,
             flatten
         ),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Flattener Preview",
             [],
             None,
-            "{highlight?: \"none\"|\"rasterizedRegions\" (areas the raster/vector balance rasterizes whole)|\"transparentObjects\"|\"allAffected\"|\"expandedPatterns\" (pattern art taking part)|\"outlinedStrokes\"|\"outlinedText\"|\"allRasterized\" (default none), overprints?: \"preserve\"|\"simulate\"|\"discard\" (simulate and discard flatten without preserveOverprints), preset?, …options (as object.flattenTransparency), ids?: (default: the whole document)} what flattening would do, without changing anything → {highlight, regions: [{bounds: {x, y, width, height}, id?}] (the highlighted objects, or areas), counts: {transparentObjects, allAffected, expandedPatterns, outlinedStrokes, outlinedText, rasterizedRegions, allRasterized, vectorRegions}, options}",
+            "{highlight?: \"none\"|\"rasterizedRegions\" (areas the raster/vector balance rasterizes whole)|\"transparentObjects\"|\"allAffected\"|\"expandedPatterns\" (pattern art taking part)|\"outlinedStrokes\"|\"outlinedText\"|\"allRasterized\" (default none), overprints?: \"preserve\"|\"simulate\"|\"discard\" (simulate and discard flatten without preserveOverprints), preset?, …options as object.flattenTransparency, ids?|id?: (default: the whole document)} what flattening would do, without changing anything → {highlight, regions: [{bounds: {x, y, width, height}, id?}] (the highlighted objects, or areas), counts: {transparentObjects, allAffected, expandedPatterns, outlinedStrokes, outlinedText, rasterizedRegions, allRasterized, vectorRegions}, options}",
             has_doc,
             preview
         ),
@@ -1038,7 +1038,10 @@ pub(crate) fn flatten_document(doc: &Document, o: &FlattenOptions) -> Result<Opt
 
 fn apply(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Selection, plan: Plan, o: &FlattenOptions) -> Result<(Vec<NodeId>, usize, usize)> {
     let (mut vector, mut rasterized) = (0, 0);
-    let mut ids = vec![];
+    let (mut ids, mut flat) = (vec![], vec![]);
+    // The groups replace their objects in one pass at the end. When an object is listed twice or
+    // lies inside another listed one, each group replaces its objects as it is made instead.
+    let one_pass = separate(d, &plan.flat.iter().flat_map(|f| f.roots.iter().copied()).collect::<Vec<_>>());
     for f in plan.flat {
         // A group always has objects.
         let Some(&top) = f.roots.last() else { continue };
@@ -1060,13 +1063,23 @@ fn apply(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Selection, plan: Plan, o:
             children.push(Arc::new(n));
             vector += 1;
         }
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
         let g = Node::group(d.alloc_id(), children);
-        ids.push(d.insert(par, idx + 1, g)?);
-        for r in &f.roots {
-            d.remove(*r)?;
+        ids.push(g.id);
+        if one_pass {
+            // The group replaces the topmost object, and the other objects are removed.
+            flat.extend(f.roots.iter().filter(|r| **r != top).map(|r| (*r, vec![])));
+            flat.push((top, vec![g]));
+        } else {
+            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
+            d.insert(par, idx + 1, g)?;
+            for r in &f.roots {
+                d.remove(*r)?;
+            }
         }
     }
+    if !flat.is_empty() {
+        d.insert_beside(flat, true)?;
+    }
     let brushes = if o.strokes_to_outlines { vectorcraft_brush::library(d) } else { vec![] };
     for mut id in plan.kept {
         if o.text_to_outlines {
@@ -1113,9 +1126,8 @@ fn outline_texts_under(d: &mut Document, root: NodeId) -> Result<NodeId> {
     for t in texts {
         let Some(o) = outlined_text(&t) else { continue };
         let o = d.reid(&o);
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(t.id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(t.id))?;
-        let nid = d.insert(par, idx, o)?;
-        d.remove(t.id)?;
+        let nid = o.id;
+        *d.node_mut(t.id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(t.id))? = o;
         if t.id == root {
             out = nid;
         }

crates/engine/src/cmd/freeform.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add Freeform Point",
             [],
             None,
-            "{at: [x,y] (document coordinates), color? (default: the gradient's colour there), opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), spread? 0..1 (or 0..100 %; the radius of pure colour around the point, a fraction of half the object's larger side; default 0), line?: true (join it to the selected point: extends the line ending there, else starts one), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} add a point to the freeform gradient (an unplaced one keeps its automatic points first) and select it → {index}",
+            "{at: [x,y] (document coordinates), color? (default: the gradient's colour there), opacity?: 0..1 (or 0..100), spread?: 0..1 (or 0..100 %; the radius of pure colour around the point, a fraction of half the object's larger side; default 0), line?: true (join it to the selected point: extends the line ending there, else starts one), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a point to the freeform gradient (an unplaced one keeps its automatic points first) and select it → {index}",
             has_doc,
             add_point
         ),
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Edit Freeform Point",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index? (default: the selected point), at?: [x,y] (document coordinates), color?, opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), spread? 0..1 (or 0..100 %), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} move or recolour a point of the freeform gradient → {index}",
+            "{index? (default: the selected point), at?: [x,y] (document coordinates), color?, opacity?: 0..1 (or 0..100), spread?: 0..1 (or 0..100 %), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} move or recolour a point of the freeform gradient → {index}",
             has_doc,
             set_point
         ),
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Delete Freeform Point",
             [],
             None,
-            "{index? (default: the selected point), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} remove a point (never the last one); lines through it close up around it and lines left with one point go → {index}",
+            "{index? (default: the selected point), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} remove a point (never the last one); lines through it close up around it and lines left with one point go → {index}",
             has_doc,
             delete_point
         ),
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add Freeform Line",
             [],
             None,
-            "{points: [index, …] (at least two), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} join points with a smooth line through them, in order → {line}",
+            "{points: [index, …] (at least two), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} join points with a smooth line through them, in order → {line}",
             has_doc,
             add_line
         ),
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Split Freeform Line",
             [],
             None,
-            "{line: line index, segment: the segment from the line's point `segment` to the next, t?: 0..1 along it (default 0.5), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} add a point on a line there (colour, opacity and spread between the segment's ends) and select it → {index}",
+            "{line: line index, segment: the segment from the line's point `segment` to the next, t?: 0..1 along it (default 0.5), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} add a point on a line there (colour, opacity and spread between the segment's ends) and select it → {index}",
             has_doc,
             split_line
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/gradient.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Gradient",
             ["Window", "Gradient"],
             None,
-            "{stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), kind?: linear|radial|freeform (freeform places points on each object, coloured along the stops), mode?: points|lines (freeform: how the Gradient tool adds points), stops?: [{offset 0..1, color? (needed without swatch), opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), midpoint? 0.13..0.87, swatch?: colour swatch name (a global or spot colour or tint swatch links the stop, so swatch edits recolour it and a spot stop prints on its plate; a process colour just gives its colour), tint?: 0..100 (% of the linked swatch; default 100, or a tint swatch's own)}] (at least 2; a freeform gradient's points are recoloured along them), angle?: deg, aspect?: %, reverse?: bool, item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), ids?, strokeMode?: within|along|across (strokes only: the gradient lies on the page and shows through the stroke, runs from the start of each subpath to its end, or runs from the stroke's left edge to its right all along it; with nothing selected, for the next object drawn; type characters' own strokes always paint within)} edit the gradient in place (keeps its placement); solid/none paints become the default gradient",
+            "{stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), kind?: linear|radial|freeform (freeform places points on each object, coloured along the stops), mode?: points|lines (freeform: how the Gradient tool adds points), stops?: [{offset 0..1, color? (needed without swatch), opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), midpoint? 0.13..0.87, swatch?: colour swatch name (a global or spot colour or tint swatch links the stop, so swatch edits recolour it and a spot stop prints on its plate; a process colour just gives its colour), tint?: 0..100 (% of the linked swatch; default 100, or a tint swatch's own)}] (at least 2; a freeform gradient's points are recoloured along them), angle?: deg, aspect?: %, reverse?: bool, item?: fill/stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), ids?|id?, strokeMode?: within|along|across (strokes only: the gradient lies on the page and shows through the stroke, runs from the start of each subpath to its end, or runs from the stroke's left edge to its right all along it; with nothing selected, for the next object drawn; type characters' own strokes always paint within), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} edit the gradient in place (keeps its placement); solid/none paints become the default gradient",
             has_doc,
             edit_gradient
         ),
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Gradient Vector",
             [],
             None,
-            "{start?: [x,y], end?: [x,y] (document coordinates; both or neither: omitted, the vector stays), aspect?: % (radial: the extent ellipse's height / width; default: kept), focal?: [x,y] (document coordinates) | null (radial: the focal point, where the first stop sits, pulled inside the extent ellipse; null centres it; default: it keeps its place in the ellipse), ids?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (alias: index; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind)} set the gradient vector, aspect ratio and focal point (solid paints become the default gradient; type objects set it on their runs, in text space)",
+            "{start?: [x,y], end?: [x,y] (document coordinates; both or neither: omitted, the vector stays), aspect?: % (radial: the extent ellipse's height / width; default: kept), focal?: [x,y] (document coordinates) | null (radial: the focal point, where the first stop sits, pulled inside the extent ellipse; null centres it; default: it keeps its place in the ellipse), ids?|id?, stroke?: bool (default: the targeted item's kind, else the active proxy), item?: fill/stroke item index|null (alias: index; omitted: the Appearance panel's active item when it is of the edited kind), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\", index?: appearance item index (as item)} set the gradient vector, aspect ratio and focal point (solid paints become the default gradient; type objects set it on their runs, in text space)",
             has_doc,
             set_gradient_geom
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/graph.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Data…",
             ["Object", "Graph"],
             None,
-            "{id?, series?, categories?, rows?, csv?: first row = series labels (first cell empty), then one row per category: label, values…; an empty cell or a null is a blank value, a quoted number a label, a `|` in a label a line break; transpose?: true swaps rows and columns (Transpose row/column), switchXY?: true swaps each scatter series' y and x columns (Switch x/y)} replace the graph's data; no data → the current {csv, series, categories, rows}",
+            "{id?, series?, categories?, rows?, csv?: first row = series labels (first cell empty); then one row per category: label; values…; an empty cell or a null is a blank value; a quoted number a label; a `|` in a label a line break, transpose?: true swaps rows and columns (Transpose row/column), switchXY?: true swaps each scatter series' y and x columns (Switch x/y)} replace the graph's data; no data → the current {csv, series, categories, rows}",
             has_selection,
             set_data
         ),
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Design…",
             ["Object", "Graph"],
             None,
-            "{new?: name|true (New Design: the selected art becomes a graph design, named \"New Design\" when true; put a rectangle at the back to set the size it draws at), rename?: name, to?: new name (the graphs drawing it follow), paste?: name (Paste Design: a copy of the design's art into the document, selected, to edit and save again), delete?: name|[names] (graphs drawing them go back to their default marks)}; no params or selectUnused → {designs: [names], unused: [the names no graph draws with]}",
+            "{new?: name|true (New Design: the selected art becomes a graph design, named \"New Design\" when true; put a rectangle at the back to set the size it draws at), rename?: name, to?: new name (the graphs drawing it follow), paste?: name (Paste Design: a copy of the design's art into the document, selected, to edit and save again), delete?: name|[names] (graphs drawing them go back to their default marks), ids?|id?: object ids (default: the selection), selectUnused?: bool (Select Unused: just the list)}; no params or selectUnused → {designs: [names], unused: [the names no graph draws with]}",
             has_doc,
             design
         ),
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ fn to_csv(g: &GraphSpec) -> String {
             }
             out.push(',');
         }
-        out.push_str(&r.iter().map(|v| v.map(fmt_value).unwrap_or_default()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(","));
+        out.push_str(&r.iter().map(|v| v.map(|v| v.to_string()).unwrap_or_default()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(","));
         out.push('\n');
     }
     out
@@ -2338,6 +2338,15 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(super::nice_axis(0.0, 7.0, 0), (0.0, 8.0, 2.0));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn numeric_csv_cells_round_trip_without_rounding_or_saturation() {
+        let mut g = GraphSpec::default();
+        g.set_cells(vec![vec![Some(1.2345), Some(-1.2345)], vec![Some(1e-6), Some(-1e-6)], vec![Some(1e20), Some(-1e20)], vec![Some(0.0), None]]);
+        let csv = super::to_csv(&g);
+        let (_, _, cells) = super::parse_csv(&csv);
+        assert_eq!(cells, g.cells(), "{csv}");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn empty_cells_are_blank_and_quoted_numbers_are_labels() {
         // Quoted years label the rows; empty and non-numeric cells are blank values, not zeros.

crates/engine/src/cmd/halftone.rs

@@ -232,12 +232,11 @@ fn halftone(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let gid = d.alloc_id();
         let mut g = Node::group(gid, children);
         g.name = Some("Vector Halftone".into());
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
-        d.insert(par, idx + 1, g)?;
-        if !keep {
-            for r in &roots {
-                d.remove(*r)?;
-            }
+        if keep {
+            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
+            d.insert(par, idx + 1, g)?;
+        } else {
+            d.wrap(&roots, |_| g)?;
         }
         sel.set([gid]);
         Ok(gid)

crates/engine/src/cmd/layer.rs

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "New Sublayer…",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{parent?: layer id (default: the highlighted row's layer, else the current layer), name?, options as layer.new} a sublayer on top of the parent's contents → {id}",
+            "{parent?: layer id (default: the highlighted row's layer, else the current layer), name?, …options as layer.new} a sublayer on top of the parent's contents → {id}",
             has_doc,
             new_sublayer
         ),
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move Rows",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids, target, place?: \"above\"|\"below\"|\"inside\" (default inside), copy?: bool} drag rows in the Layers panel: above or below the target row (beside it, in its layer or group), or inside a layer or group (on top of its contents). Layers go only in layers or at the top level, objects in layers and groups; an object placed beside a top-level layer goes inside it. A row never goes into itself; a locked layer or group takes nothing. `copy` (Alt-drag) moves copies. Every selected object left hidden or locked, such as one moved into a hidden layer or group, is deselected (the key object too). One undo step → {ids}",
+            "{ids|id, target, place?: \"above\"|\"below\"|\"inside\" (default inside), copy?: bool} drag rows in the Layers panel: above or below the target row (beside it, in its layer or group), or inside a layer or group (on top of its contents). Layers go only in layers or at the top level, objects in layers and groups; an object placed beside a top-level layer goes inside it. A row never goes into itself; a locked layer or group takes nothing. `copy` (Alt-drag) moves copies. Every selected object left hidden or locked, such as one moved into a hidden layer or group, is deselected (the key object too). One undo step → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             move_rows
         ),
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Artboard Options…",
             ["Window", "Artboards"],
             None,
-            "{index, name?, x?, y?, width?, height?, moveArt?: bool (default false; a position-only change moves the contained art with its artboard), scaleArt?: bool (Scale Artwork with Artboard: resized, the artboard takes the art fully inside it (locked and hidden art only with lockedAndHidden?: bool, default prefs moveLockedWithArtboard) and its guides from its old rectangle onto the new one, each side by its own ratio; strokes/corners/patterns as object.scale)} → null, or with scaleArt {scaled: the art scaled}",
+            "{index, name?, x?, y?, width?, height?, moveArt?: bool (default false; a position-only change moves the contained art with its artboard), scaleArt?: bool (Scale Artwork with Artboard: resized, the artboard takes the art fully inside it (locked and hidden art only with lockedAndHidden?: bool, default prefs moveLockedWithArtboard) and its guides from its old rectangle onto the new one, each side by its own ratio; strokes/corners/patterns as object.scale), strokes?: bool, corners?: bool, patterns?: bool (the three as object.scale, for art that moves or scales with the artboard), lockedAndHidden?: bool (locked and hidden art moves along; default: the preference; recorded in the journal so a replay matches)} → null, or with scaleArt {scaled: the art scaled}",
             has_doc,
             artboard_set
         ),
@@ -234,23 +234,47 @@ pub(crate) fn locked_within(d: &Document, id: NodeId) -> bool {
     d.ancestry(id).unwrap_or_default().iter().any(|a| d.node(*a).is_some_and(|n| n.locked))
 }
 
-/// Every layer and sublayer, depth first.
-fn all_layers(d: &Document) -> Vec<&Node> {
-    let mut out = vec![];
-    d.walk(|n| {
+/// The number and the names of a document's layers and sublayers, from which [`NewLayers::make`]
+/// names and colors a new layer. [`NewLayers::of`] reads them in one walk of the document, and
+/// [`NewLayers::add`] counts each new layer as it goes in.
+pub(crate) struct NewLayers {
+    count: usize,
+    taken: HashSet<String>,
+}
+
+impl NewLayers {
+    pub(crate) fn of(d: &Document) -> Self {
+        let mut layers = Self { count: 0, taken: HashSet::new() };
+        d.walk(|n| layers.note(n));
+        layers
+    }
+
+    /// A new layer named `name` (default: the next `Layer N`, as [`Document::next_layer_name`]
+    /// gives it) in the next layer color.
+    pub(crate) fn make(&self, d: &mut Document, name: Option<&str>) -> Node {
+        let name = name
+            .map(str::to_string)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| (self.count + 1..).map(|i| format!("Layer {i}")).find(|name| !self.taken.contains(name)).unwrap_or_default());
+        let id = d.alloc_id();
+        Node::layer(id, &name, LayerColor::Preset((self.count % LAYER_COLORS.len()) as u8))
+    }
+
+    /// Count `n`, a layer going into the document, and the layers inside it.
+    pub(crate) fn add(&mut self, n: &Node) {
+        n.walk(&mut |c| self.note(c));
+    }
+
+    fn note(&mut self, n: &Node) {
         if n.is_layer() {
-            out.push(n);
+            self.count += 1;
+            self.taken.extend(n.name.clone());
         }
-    });
-    out
+    }
 }
 
 /// A new layer named `name` (default: the next `Layer N`) in the next layer colour.
 pub(crate) fn make_layer(d: &mut Document, name: Option<&str>) -> Node {
-    let n = all_layers(d).len();
-    let name = name.map(str::to_string).unwrap_or_else(|| d.next_layer_name());
-    let id = d.alloc_id();
-    Node::layer(id, &name, LayerColor::Preset((n % LAYER_COLORS.len()) as u8))
+    NewLayers::of(d).make(d, name)
 }
 
 /// A layer colour: a preset index (0–26), `#rrggbb` or a preset's name (any case).
@@ -464,13 +488,12 @@ fn delete_rows(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad("layer.delete", "no such rows"));
     }
-    if st.doc.layers.iter().all(|l| ids.contains(&l.id)) {
+    let listed: HashSet<NodeId> = ids.iter().copied().collect();
+    if st.doc.layers.iter().all(|l| listed.contains(&l.id)) {
         return Err(EngineError::Other("a document needs at least one layer".into()));
     }
     s.edit("Delete Selection", |d, sel| {
-        for id in &ids {
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-        }
+        d.remove_many(&ids)?;
         // The guides on the deleted layers go with them.
         d.drop_guides_of_deleted_layers(sel);
         sel.prune(d);
@@ -491,18 +514,12 @@ fn duplicate_rows(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return Err(bad("layer.duplicate", "no such rows"));
     }
     let copies = s.edit("Duplicate Selection", |d, _| {
-        let mut out = vec![];
-        for id in &ids {
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
-            let n = d.node(*id).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
-            let mut c = d.reid(&n);
+        super::edit::copy_above(d, &ids, |d, n, c| {
             if n.is_layer() {
                 c.name = Some(format!("{} copy", n.display_name()));
-                d.copy_layer_guides(&n, &c);
+                d.copy_layer_guides(n, c);
             }
-            out.push(d.insert(par, idx + 1, c)?);
-        }
-        Ok(out)
+        })
     })?;
     s.doc_mut()?.layer_rows = copies.clone();
     Ok(json!({ "ids": copies.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
@@ -579,14 +596,23 @@ fn collect(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let lid = s.edit("Collect in New Layer", |d, sel| {
         // Where the topmost of them is: beside it in its layer, or on top of the layer holding
         // its group.
-        let (parent, index) = match d.position(top) {
-            Some((par, i, _)) if par.is_none_or(|p| d.node(p).is_some_and(Node::is_layer)) => (par, i + 1),
-            _ => (d.layer_containing(top), usize::MAX),
-        };
-        let layer = make_layer(d, None);
-        let lid = d.insert(parent, index, layer)?;
-        for id in &ids {
-            d.move_node(*id, Some(lid), usize::MAX)?;
+        let beside = d.position(top).is_some_and(|(par, _, _)| par.is_none_or(|p| d.node(p).is_some_and(Node::is_layer)));
+        let holder = d.layer_containing(top);
+        let mut layer = make_layer(d, None);
+        let lid = layer.id;
+        if beside {
+            d.wrap(&ids, |rows| {
+                if let Some(ch) = layer.children_mut() {
+                    *ch = rows;
+                }
+                layer
+            })?;
+        } else {
+            let rows = d.remove_many(&ids)?;
+            if let Some(ch) = layer.children_mut() {
+                *ch = rows;
+            }
+            d.insert(holder, usize::MAX, layer)?;
         }
         sel.prune(d);
         sel.deselect_uneditable(d);
@@ -683,19 +709,20 @@ fn move_rows(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let label = if copy { "Duplicate Rows" } else { "Move Rows" };
     let moved = s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
-        let mut nodes = vec![];
-        for id in &ids {
-            nodes.push(if copy {
+        let nodes = if copy {
+            let mut nodes = vec![];
+            for id in &ids {
                 let n = d.node(*id).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
                 let c = d.reid(&n);
                 if n.is_layer() {
                     d.copy_layer_guides(&n, &c);
                 }
-                c
-            } else {
-                Arc::unwrap_or_clone(d.remove(*id)?)
-            });
-        }
+                nodes.push(Arc::new(c));
+            }
+            nodes
+        } else {
+            d.remove_many(&ids)?
+        };
         let count = d.children(parent).map_or(0, Vec::len);
         let mut index = match anchor {
             None => count,
@@ -708,11 +735,10 @@ fn move_rows(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if count > 0 && parent.and_then(|p| d.node(p)).is_some_and(Node::clips) {
             index = index.max(1);
         }
-        let mut out = vec![];
-        for n in nodes {
-            out.push(d.insert(parent, index, n)?);
-            index += 1;
-        }
+        let out: Vec<NodeId> = nodes.iter().map(|n| n.id).collect();
+        let ch = d.children_mut(parent)?;
+        let index = index.min(ch.len());
+        ch.splice(index..index, nodes);
         sel.prune(d);
         sel.deselect_uneditable(d);
         Ok(out)

crates/engine/src/cmd/layerpanel.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
 
-use super::layer::{make_layer, row_roots, rows_param};
+use super::layer::{NewLayers, row_roots, rows_param};
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Merge Selected",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} (default: the highlighted rows) merge two or more rows into the layer listed (highlighted) last: the other layers' contents and the other rows move into it, keeping their stacking order, and the emptied layers go. Every selected object left hidden or locked, such as one merged into a hidden or locked layer, is deselected (the key object too). One undo step → {id}",
+            "{ids?|id?} (default: the highlighted rows) merge two or more rows into the layer listed (highlighted) last: the other layers' contents and the other rows move into it, keeping their stacking order, and the emptied layers go. Every selected object left hidden or locked, such as one merged into a hidden or locked layer, is deselected (the key object too). One undo step → {id}",
             has_doc,
             merge
         ),
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reverse Order",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} (default: the highlighted rows) reverse the stacking order of two or more rows that share a layer or group; each keeps the places the others held. One undo step",
+            "{ids?|id?} (default: the highlighted rows) reverse the stacking order of two or more rows that share a layer or group; each keeps the places the others held. One undo step",
             has_doc,
             reverse
         ),
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Template",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, on?: bool (default: toggle the first)} make layers templates (locked, dimmed, left out of print and export) or ordinary layers again (layer.setProps template) → {on}",
+            "{ids?|id?, on?: bool (default: toggle the first)} make layers templates (locked, dimmed, left out of print and export) or ordinary layers again (layer.setProps template) → {on}",
             has_doc,
             template
         ),
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Hide Others",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} hide every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which show. One undo step → {count}",
+            "{ids?|id?} hide every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which show. One undo step → {count}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| others(s, p, Flag::Visible, false, "layer.hideOthers")
         ),
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Outline Others",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} turn Preview off (outline view) for every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which preview → {count}",
+            "{ids?|id?} turn Preview off (outline view) for every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which preview → {count}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| others(s, p, Flag::Preview, false, "layer.outlineOthers")
         ),
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Lock Others",
             ["Window", "Layers"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} lock every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which unlock → {count}",
+            "{ids?|id?} lock every top-level layer but those holding the highlighted rows (else the current layer), which unlock → {count}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| others(s, p, Flag::Locked, true, "layer.lockOthers")
         ),
@@ -234,28 +234,23 @@ fn template(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 /// another) into layer `into`, keeping the document's stacking order, then delete the emptied
 /// layers.
 fn merge_into(d: &mut Document, into: NodeId, others: &[NodeId]) -> Result<()> {
+    let listed: HashSet<NodeId> = others.iter().copied().collect();
     let own: Vec<NodeId> =
-        d.node(into).and_then(|n| n.children()).map(|c| c.iter().map(|c| c.id).filter(|c| !others.contains(c)).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
-    let mut moved = vec![];
+        d.node(into).and_then(|n| n.children()).map(|c| c.iter().map(|c| c.id).filter(|c| !listed.contains(c)).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let (mut moved, mut emptied) = (vec![], vec![]);
     for id in others {
         let n = d.node(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
         if n.is_layer() {
             moved.extend(n.children().into_iter().flatten().map(|c| c.id));
+            emptied.push(*id);
         } else {
             moved.push(*id);
         }
     }
     // Where everything is now: the merged layer stacks its contents in this order.
     let keys: HashMap<NodeId, Vec<usize>> = own.iter().chain(&moved).filter_map(|id| Some((*id, d.index_path(*id)?))).collect();
-    let mut taken = vec![];
-    for id in &moved {
-        taken.push(d.remove(*id)?);
-    }
-    for id in others {
-        if d.node(*id).is_some() {
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-        }
-    }
+    let taken = d.remove_many(&moved)?;
+    d.remove_many(&emptied)?;
     let ch = d.children_mut(Some(into))?;
     let mut all = std::mem::take(ch);
     all.extend(taken);
@@ -312,9 +307,7 @@ fn flatten(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let others: Vec<NodeId> = d.layers.iter().filter(|l| l.id != into && l.visible && !l.is_template()).map(|l| l.id).collect();
     let hidden: Vec<NodeId> = d.layers.iter().filter(|l| l.id != into && !l.visible && !l.is_template()).map(|l| l.id).collect();
     s.edit("Flatten Artwork", |d, sel| {
-        for h in &hidden {
-            d.remove(*h)?;
-        }
+        d.remove_many(&hidden)?;
         // Hidden layers are discarded with their guides.
         d.drop_guides_of_deleted_layers(sel);
         merge_into(d, into, &others)?;
@@ -352,39 +345,38 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let new = s.edit(if build { "Release to Layers (Build)" } else { "Release to Layers (Sequence)" }, |d, sel| {
         // A group's objects go into sublayers of the layer holding it, where it was.
-        let (parent, mut index) = if group {
+        let (parent, index) = if group {
             let layer = d.layer_containing(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
             let (par, i, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
             if par == Some(layer) { (layer, i) } else { (layer, usize::MAX) }
         } else {
             (id, 0)
         };
-        let mut originals = vec![];
-        for o in &objects {
-            originals.push(Arc::unwrap_or_clone(d.remove(*o)?));
-        }
+        let originals = d.remove_many(&objects)?;
         if group {
             d.remove(id)?;
         }
-        let mut new = vec![];
+        let mut names = NewLayers::of(d);
+        let mut layers = Vec::with_capacity(originals.len());
         let last = originals.len().saturating_sub(1);
         for k in 0..originals.len() {
-            let mut layer = make_layer(d, None);
-            let lid = layer.id;
-            let held: Vec<Node> = if build {
+            let mut layer = names.make(d, None);
+            let held: Vec<Arc<Node>> = if build {
                 // Copies of the objects below and itself; the top layer keeps the originals.
-                (0..=k).filter_map(|j| originals.get(j)).map(|o| if k == last { o.clone() } else { d.reid(o) }).collect()
+                (0..=k).filter_map(|j| originals.get(j)).map(|o| if k == last { o.clone() } else { Arc::new(d.reid(o)) }).collect()
             } else {
                 originals.get(k).cloned().into_iter().collect()
             };
             if let Some(ch) = layer.children_mut() {
-                ch.extend(held.into_iter().map(Arc::new));
+                ch.extend(held);
             }
-            let at = if group { index } else { index.min(d.children(Some(parent)).map_or(0, Vec::len)) };
-            d.insert(Some(parent), at, layer)?;
-            index = at.saturating_add(1);
-            new.push(lid);
+            names.add(&layer);
+            layers.push(Arc::new(layer));
         }
+        let new: Vec<NodeId> = layers.iter().map(|l| l.id).collect();
+        let ch = d.children_mut(Some(parent))?;
+        let at = index.min(ch.len());
+        ch.splice(at..at, layers);
         sel.prune(d);
         Ok(new)
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/library.rs

@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Add to Library",
             [],
             None,
-            "{library?: id or name (default: the current library, made when there is none), kind: graphic|fillColor|strokeColor|charStyle|paraStyle, ids?: objects (default: the selection), name?} add an item from the selection: graphic: a copy of the objects with every resource they use; fillColor/strokeColor: the first selected object's solid fill/stroke colour (else the default fill/stroke); charStyle/paraStyle: the selected text's character/paragraph attributes (the Type tool's range, else the first selected text object). An item the library already has (same kind and contents) isn't added again → {library, kind, name, id?: graphic id, existing: bool}",
+            "{library?: id or name (default: the current library, made when there is none), kind: graphic|fillColor|strokeColor|charStyle|paraStyle, ids?: objects (default: the selection), name?, color?: colour (a colour to add, instead of the selection's)} add an item from the selection: graphic: a copy of the objects with every resource they use; fillColor/strokeColor: the first selected object's solid fill/stroke colour (else the default fill/stroke); charStyle/paraStyle: the selected text's character/paragraph attributes (the Type tool's range, else the first selected text object). An item the library already has (same kind and contents) isn't added again → {library, kind, name, id?: graphic id, existing: bool}",
             has_doc,
             add
         ),
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Use Library Item",
             [],
             None,
-            "{library?, kind, item: name (graphic: id or name), center?: [x, y] (graphic; default: the first artboard's centre), to?: fill|stroke (colours; default: the kind's)} graphic: place a copy centred on `center`, its resources pasted along, selected, one undo step; colours: paint the selection (and the defaults) as paint.setFill/paint.setStroke; charStyle/paraStyle: add the style to the document (a name taken by different attributes gets a number) and apply it to the selected text, one undo step → {kind, ids?, style?}",
+            "{library?, kind, item: name (graphic: id or name), center?: [x, y] (graphic; default: the first artboard's centre), to?: fill|stroke (colours; default: the kind's), recorded?: the item as it was when used (recorded in the journal so a replay matches)} graphic: place a copy centred on `center`, its resources pasted along, selected, one undo step; colours: paint the selection (and the defaults) as paint.setFill/paint.setStroke; charStyle/paraStyle: add the style to the document (a name taken by different attributes gets a number) and apply it to the selected text, one undo step → {kind, ids?, style?}",
             has_doc,
             use_item
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/links.rs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Links",
             [],
             None,
-            "{show?: all (default)|missing|modified|embedded, sort?: name|kind (file format)|status (missing, modified, ok, embedded); default: stacking order, top first} every image object and placed document in the layers, as the Links panel lists them → {links: [{id, name, linked, status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, path?, found?: path (found away from its path), page?, preview?: true (showing the saved preview), document?: true (a placed document: pageWidth and pageHeight in pt instead of pixels)}], missing, modified, embedded}",
+            "{show?: all (default)|missing|modified|embedded, sort?: name|kind (file format)|status (missing, modified, ok, embedded); default: stacking order; top first} every image object and placed document in the layers, as the Links panel lists them → {links: [{id, name, linked, status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, path?, found?: path (found away from its path), page?, preview?: true (showing the saved preview), document?: true (a placed document: pageWidth and pageHeight in pt instead of pixels)}], missing, modified, embedded}",
             has_doc,
             list
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/live.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Point, Vec2};
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
 use super::expand::gradient_sampler;
+use super::pathops::Beside;
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make",
             ["Object", "Blend"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+B"),
-            "{ids?, steps?: n | distance?: pt | smooth?: bool, orientation?: page|path (default: the Blend Options set with nothing selected, else smooth colour and page), starts?: [anchor index | null, …] (per object of `ids`, else of the selection in paint order: the anchor of its first subpath the blend starts from; an open path's last anchor runs it the other way)} blend the selected objects (paint order) into a live blend; a blend among them takes the others in as more key objects (keeping its options, name and transparency) instead of nesting → {id}",
+            "{ids?, steps?: n | distance?: pt | smooth?: bool, orientation?: page|path (default: the Blend Options set with nothing selected, else smooth colour and page), starts?: [anchor index | null, …] (per object of `ids`, else of the selection in paint order: the anchor of its first subpath the blend starts from; an open path's last anchor runs it the other way), spacing?: smooth|steps|distance (with value), value?: n} blend the selected objects (paint order) into a live blend; a blend among them takes the others in as more key objects (keeping its options, name and transparency) instead of nesting → {id}",
             has_doc,
             blend_make
         ),
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Blend Options…",
             ["Object", "Blend"],
             None,
-            "{spacing?: smooth|steps|distance, value?: n, steps?: n, distance?: pt, orientation?: page|path} set the options of the selected blends; with no blend selected, the options new blends start with (a tool setting, not an undo step) → {defaults?: true}",
+            "{spacing?: smooth|steps|distance, value?: n, steps?: n, distance?: pt, orientation?: page|path, smooth?: bool} set the options of the selected blends; with no blend selected, the options new blends start with (a tool setting, not an undo step) → {defaults?: true}",
             always,
             blend_options
         ),
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make with Warp…",
             ["Object", "Envelope Distort"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+Shift+W"),
-            "{ids?, style?: arc|arcLower|arcUpper|arch|bulge|shellLower|shellUpper|flag|wave|fish|rise|fisheye|inflate|squeeze|twist (arc), bend?: % -100..100 (50), h?: horizontal distortion % -100..100 (0), v?: vertical distortion % (0), horizontal?: bool (true) | orientation?: horizontal|vertical} envelope the selected objects with a warp (Envelope Options from object.envelope.options with nothing selected) → {id}",
+            "{ids?, style?: arc|arcLower|arcUpper|arch|bulge|shellLower|shellUpper|flag|wave|fish|rise|fisheye|inflate|squeeze|twist (arc), bend?: % -100..100 (50), h?: horizontal distortion % -100..100 (0), v?: vertical distortion % (0), horizontal?: bool (true) | orientation?: horizontal|vertical, horizontalDistortion?: as h, verticalDistortion?: as v} envelope the selected objects with a warp (Envelope Options from object.envelope.options with nothing selected) → {id}",
             has_selection,
             env_make_warp
         ),
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make with Mesh…",
             ["Object", "Envelope Distort"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+M"),
-            "{ids?, rows?: 1..50 (4), cols?: 1..50 (4)} envelope the selected objects with a mesh of rows × cols patches → {id}",
+            "{ids?, rows?: 1..50 (4), cols?: 1..50 (4), columns?: as cols} envelope the selected objects with a mesh of rows × cols patches → {id}",
             has_selection,
             env_make_mesh
         ),
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reset with Warp…",
             ["Object", "Envelope Distort"],
             None,
-            "{style?, bend?, h?, v?, horizontal? | orientation? (as makeWithWarp; unset: the envelope's current warp, else arc 50 %)} make the selected envelopes warp envelopes, keeping their content",
+            "{style?, bend?, h?, v?, horizontal? | orientation? (as makeWithWarp; unset: the envelope's current warp, else arc 50 %), horizontalDistortion?: as h, verticalDistortion?: as v} make the selected envelopes warp envelopes, keeping their content",
             has_envelope,
             env_reset_warp
         ),
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reset with Mesh…",
             ["Object", "Envelope Distort"],
             None,
-            "{rows?: 1..50, cols?: 1..50 (unset: a mesh envelope's own, else 4), maintainShape?: bool (true: the mesh follows the current envelope shape; false: a flat grid over the content)} make the selected envelopes mesh envelopes, keeping their content",
+            "{rows?: 1..50, cols?: 1..50 (unset: a mesh envelope's own, else 4), maintainShape?: bool (true: the mesh follows the current envelope shape; false: a flat grid over the content), columns?: as cols} make the selected envelopes mesh envelopes, keeping their content",
             has_envelope,
             env_reset_mesh
         ),
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Envelope Options…",
             ["Object", "Envelope Distort"],
             None,
-            "{fidelity?: 0..100, antiAlias?: bool, preserveShape?: clippingMask|transparency, distortAppearance?: bool, distortLinearGradients?: bool, distortPatternFills?: bool (the last two work with distortAppearance), style?, bend?, h?, v?, horizontal? (warp envelopes)} set the selected envelopes' options; with no envelope selected, the options new envelopes get (see object.envelope.info)",
+            "{fidelity?: 0..100, antiAlias?: bool, preserveShape?: clippingMask|transparency, distortAppearance?: bool, distortLinearGradients?: bool, distortPatternFills?: bool (the last two work with distortAppearance), style?, bend?, h?, v?, horizontal? (warp envelopes), horizontalDistortion?: as h, verticalDistortion?: as v, orientation?: horizontal|vertical} set the selected envelopes' options; with no envelope selected, the options new envelopes get (see object.envelope.info)",
             has_doc,
             env_options
         ),
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Create Gradient Mesh…",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, rows?: n (4), cols?: n (4), appearance?: flat|center|edge, highlight?: % (100), at?: [x,y]} convert filled paths into gradient meshes in their fill colour (a gradient fill: the colour it paints at each point), lightened per `appearance` (with `at`: 1×1 mesh plus lines through that point) → {ids, index?}",
+            "{ids?, rows?: n (4), cols?: n (4), appearance?: flat|center|edge, highlight?: % (100), at?: [x,y], columns?: as cols} convert filled paths into gradient meshes in their fill colour (a gradient fill: the colour it paints at each point), lightened per `appearance` (with `at`: 1×1 mesh plus lines through that point) → {ids, index?}",
             has_selection,
             mesh_create
         ),
@@ -360,14 +361,11 @@ fn has_mesh(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
 
 /// Wrap `roots` (paint order) into a new node built by `make`, placed where the topmost root was.
 fn wrap(d: &mut Document, sel: &mut Selection, roots: &[NodeId], make: impl FnOnce(NodeId, Vec<Arc<Node>>) -> Node) -> Result<NodeId> {
-    let top = *roots.last().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("nothing to wrap".into()))?;
-    let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
-    let nodes: Vec<Arc<Node>> = roots.iter().filter_map(|id| d.node(*id).cloned()).map(Arc::new).collect();
-    let id = d.alloc_id();
-    d.insert(par, idx + 1, make(id, nodes))?;
-    for r in roots {
-        d.remove(*r)?;
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other("nothing to wrap".into()));
     }
+    let id = d.alloc_id();
+    d.wrap(roots, |nodes| make(id, nodes))?;
     sel.set([id]);
     Ok(id)
 }
@@ -546,6 +544,7 @@ fn blend_release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let blends = selected_of(s, is_blend);
     let (ids, spines, groups) = s.edit("Release Blend", |d, sel| {
         let (mut keys, mut spines, mut groups) = (vec![], vec![], vec![]);
+        let mut released = Beside::replacing(d, &blends);
         for b in &blends {
             let Some(n) = d.node(*b).cloned() else { continue };
             let NodeKind::Blend { children, spec } = &n.kind else { continue };
@@ -572,8 +571,9 @@ fn blend_release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 groups.push(g.id);
                 nodes = vec![g];
             }
-            replace_with(d, *b, nodes)?;
+            released.put(d, *b, nodes)?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         if groups.is_empty() {
             sel.set(spines.iter().chain(&keys).copied());
         } else {
@@ -1171,6 +1171,7 @@ fn env_release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let envs = selected_of(s, is_envelope);
     let ids = s.edit("Release Envelope", |d, sel| {
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut released = Beside::replacing(d, &envs);
         for e in &envs {
             let Some(n) = d.node(*e).cloned() else { continue };
             let NodeKind::Envelope { content, kind, .. } = &n.kind else { continue };
@@ -1179,8 +1180,10 @@ fn env_release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 shape.id = d.alloc_id();
                 nodes.push(shape);
             }
-            out.extend(replace_with(d, *e, nodes)?);
+            out.extend(nodes.iter().map(|c| c.id));
+            released.put(d, *e, nodes)?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/menucmds.rs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transform Each…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             Some("Cmd+Alt+Shift+D"),
-            "{scaleH?: % (100), scaleV?: % (100), moveH?: pt, moveV?: pt (down = +), rotate?: deg (counter-clockwise), reflectX?: bool (flip vertically), reflectY?: bool (flip horizontally), random?: bool, seed?: n, reference?: 0..8 (9-point grid, 4 = centre), copy?: bool, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects), corners?: bool (Scale Corners; both default to the preferences), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} transform every selected object about its own reference point → {ids}",
+            "{scaleH?: % (100), scaleV?: % (100), moveH?: pt, moveV?: pt (down = +), rotate?: deg (counter-clockwise), reflectX?: bool (flip vertically), reflectY?: bool (flip horizontally), random?: bool, seed?: n, reference?: 0..8 (9-point grid, 4 = centre), copy?: bool, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects), corners?: bool (Scale Corners; both default to the preferences), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} transform every selected object about its own reference point → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             transform_each
         ),
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Rearrange All Artboards…",
             ["Object", "Artboards"],
             None,
-            "{layout?: gridByRow|gridByColumn|row|column (gridByRow; byColumn?: true is gridByColumn), order?: leftToRight|rightToLeft (leftToRight: right-to-left mirrors the order along the rows), columns?: n (2; the rows for gridByColumn; row and column ignore it), spacing?: pt (20), moveArtwork?: true (locked and hidden art only with prefs moveLockedWithArtboard), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} lay the artboards out in their order, the grid's top-left at the first artboard's → {artboards, rows, columns}",
+            "{layout?: gridByRow|gridByColumn|row|column (gridByRow; byColumn?: true is gridByColumn), order?: leftToRight|rightToLeft (leftToRight: right-to-left mirrors the order along the rows), columns?: n (2; the rows for gridByColumn; row and column ignore it), spacing?: pt (20), moveArtwork?: true (locked and hidden art only with prefs moveLockedWithArtboard), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), byColumn?: bool (an older way to ask for layout gridByColumn)} lay the artboards out in their order, the grid's top-left at the first artboard's → {artboards, rows, columns}",
             has_doc,
             rearrange_artboards
         ),
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ fn transform_each(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let random = bool_or(p, "random", false);
     let refi = p.get("reference").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(4).min(8) as usize;
     let copy = bool_or(p, "copy", false);
+    let objects = super::object::transforms_objects(p);
     if sh == 0.0 || sv == 0.0 {
         return Err(bad("object.transformEach", "scale must be non-zero"));
     }
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ fn transform_each(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             let m = Affine::translate((k_mh, k_mv))
                 * about(o, Affine::rotate(-k_rot.to_radians()) * refl * Affine::scale_non_uniform(k_sh / 100.0, k_sv / 100.0));
             if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
-                n.transform(m, sc);
+                super::object::transform_node(n, m, sc, objects);
             }
         }
         Ok(targets)
@@ -442,9 +443,10 @@ fn rasterize(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         .map(|(bp, rule)| (PathData::from_bezpath(&bp), rule));
     let tmp = isolated_doc(&st.doc, nodes);
     let (png, w, h) = render_png(&tmp, region, scale, &raster.render_options(RasterFormat::Png), look.color_model)?;
-    let top = *roots.last().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "nothing selected"))?;
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "nothing selected"));
+    }
     let id = s.edit("Rasterize", |d, sel| {
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
         let key = unique_key(d, "raster");
         d.images.insert(key.clone(), vectorcraft_doc::ImageBlob::new("image/png", png));
         let id = d.alloc_id();
@@ -454,11 +456,7 @@ fn rasterize(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if let Some((path, rule)) = clip {
             node = super::rasterfx::clip_group(d, path, rule, node);
         }
-        let id = node.id;
-        d.insert(par, idx + 1, node)?;
-        for r in &roots {
-            d.remove(*r)?;
-        }
+        let id = d.wrap(&roots, |_| node)?;
         sel.set([id]);
         Ok(id)
     })?;
@@ -624,7 +622,18 @@ fn trim_image(s: &mut Session, id: NodeId, im: ImageObject) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "object.cropImage";
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let blob = st.doc.images.get(&im.key).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "the image's pixels are missing"))?;
-    let px = image::load_from_memory(&blob.bytes).map_err(|_| bad(C, "the image's pixels can't be read"))?.to_rgba8();
+    // A CMYK image (kept as its ink amounts) has no alpha: nothing to cut.
+    if blob.is_cmyk() {
+        return Ok(json!({ "id": id.0, "width": im.width, "height": im.height, "trimmed": false }));
+    }
+    // Print rasters run to gigabytes decoded: the same allowance opening them has.
+    let mut reader = image::ImageReader::new(std::io::Cursor::new(blob.bytes.as_slice()))
+        .with_guessed_format()
+        .map_err(|_| bad(C, "the image's pixels can't be read"))?;
+    let mut limits = image::Limits::default();
+    limits.max_alloc = Some(crate::cmd::fileio::MAX_RASTER_ALLOC);
+    reader.limits(limits);
+    let px = reader.decode().map_err(|e| bad(C, format!("the image's pixels can't be read: {e}")))?.to_rgba8();
     let (w, h) = px.dimensions();
     let (mut x0, mut y0, mut x1, mut y1) = (w, h, 0, 0);
     for (x, y, p) in px.enumerate_pixels() {
@@ -817,7 +826,7 @@ fn convert_to_shape(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn convert_to_artboards(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
     let n = s.edit("Convert to Artboards", |d, sel| {
-        let mut n = 0;
+        let mut converted = vec![];
         for id in &roots {
             let Some(b) = d.node(*id).and_then(|n| n.geometric_bounds()) else { continue };
             if b.width() <= 0.0 || b.height() <= 0.0 {
@@ -831,14 +840,14 @@ fn convert_to_artboards(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 show_center_mark: false,
                 show_cross_hairs: false,
             });
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-            n += 1;
+            converted.push(*id);
         }
-        if n == 0 {
+        if converted.is_empty() {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("Convert to Artboards: selection has no area".into()));
         }
+        d.remove_many(&converted)?;
         sel.clear();
-        Ok(n)
+        Ok(converted.len())
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "artboards": n }))
 }

crates/engine/src/cmd/mod.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ mod overprint;
 mod package;
 mod paint;
 mod panelcmds;
+pub mod params;
 mod path;
 mod pathops;
 mod patterncmds;

crates/engine/src/cmd/object.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transform",
             [],
             None,
-            "{matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f], copy?: bool, ids?, strokes?: bool, corners?: bool, typeAreas?: bool, anchors?: bool, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} apply an affine to the selection (or ids); anchors (without ids or copy): paths with anchors selected with Direct Selection have only those anchors and their handles transformed, as the Transform tools and object.move/rotate/scale/reflect/shear do (default: the whole objects); strokes/corners: Scale Strokes & Effects / Scale Corners (default: the preferences); typeAreas: area type among them (not type inside a group) reshapes its frame by the matrix and its text reflows at its size, as a bounding-box handle drag does (default: the type transforms too)",
+            "{matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f], copy?: bool, ids?, strokes?: bool, corners?: bool, typeAreas?: bool, anchors?: bool, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} apply an affine to the selection (or ids); anchors (without ids or copy): paths with anchors selected with Direct Selection have only those anchors and their handles transformed, as the Transform tools and object.move/rotate/scale/reflect/shear do (default: the whole objects); strokes/corners: Scale Strokes & Effects / Scale Corners (default: the preferences); typeAreas: area type among them (not type inside a group) reshapes its frame by the matrix and its text reflows at its size, as a bounding-box handle drag does (default: the type transforms too)",
             has_doc,
             transform
         ),
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Move…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             Some("Cmd+Shift+M"),
-            "{dx, dy, copy?, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{dx, dy, copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             move_cmd
         ),
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Rotate…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{angle: deg (counter-clockwise), absolute?: bool (angle is the bounding box's new angle, not an amount), origin?: [x,y] (default: the bounding box centre), copy?, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} → {ids}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{angle: deg (counter-clockwise), absolute?: bool (angle is the bounding box's new angle, not an amount), origin?: [x,y] (default: the bounding box centre), copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)} → {ids}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             rotate
         ),
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Scale…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{sx: %, sy?: %, origin?: [x,y], copy?, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects: stroke weights, dashes and effect distances scale; off keeps them, type strokes included), corners?: bool (Scale Corners: live corner radii scale), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} (strokes/corners default to the preferences). With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{sx: %, sy?: %, origin?: [x,y], copy?, strokes?: bool (Scale Strokes & Effects: stroke weights, dashes and effect distances scale; off keeps them, type strokes included), corners?: bool (Scale Corners: live corner radii scale), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)} (strokes/corners default to the preferences). With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             scale
         ),
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reflect…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{axis: \"vertical\"|\"horizontal\"|deg, origin?, copy?, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{axis: \"vertical\"|\"horizontal\"|deg, origin?, copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             reflect
         ),
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Shear…",
             ["Object", "Transform"],
             None,
-            "{angle: deg, axis?: \"horizontal\"|\"vertical\", origin?, copy?, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
+            "{angle: deg, axis?: \"horizontal\"|\"vertical\", origin?, copy?, objects?: bool (Transform Objects, default true; false: the art stays and, with patterns, only its pattern tiles transform), patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the art; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size)}. With anchors selected with Direct Selection (and no copy), only those anchors and their handles transform, about the centre of their own box.",
             has_selection,
             shear
         ),
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Nudge",
             [],
             None,
-            "{dx: -1|0|1, dy: -1|0|1, big?: bool (×10), copy?: bool, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the objects that move whole; default: prefs transformPatternTiles)} arrow-key nudge by the keyboard increment (the selected anchors, else objects, else ruler guides)",
+            "{dx: -1|0|1, dy: -1|0|1, big?: bool (×10), copy?: bool, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns: pattern fills and strokes transform with the objects that move whole; default: prefs transformPatternTiles), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, as object.move)} arrow-key nudge by the keyboard increment (the selected anchors, else objects, else ruler guides)",
             has_selection_or_guides,
             nudge
         ),
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Set Bounds",
             [],
             None,
-            "{x?, y?, width?, height?, reference?: 0..8 (9-point grid), proportional?, strokes?, corners?} (Transform panel; width/height and the reference point follow the bounding box, rotated with rotated objects; x, y are page coordinates; with Use Preview Bounds the values measure the visual bounds; strokes/corners as object.scale)",
+            "{x?, y?, width?, height?, reference?: 0..8 (9-point grid), proportional?, strokes?, corners?, copy?: bool, patterns?: bool (Transform Patterns), typeAreas?: bool (area type: the frame is reshaped and the text reflows at its size), objects?: bool (Transform Objects, as object.move)} (Transform panel; width/height and the reference point follow the bounding box, rotated with rotated objects; x, y are page coordinates; with Use Preview Bounds the values measure the visual bounds; strokes/corners as object.scale)",
             has_selection,
             set_bounds
         ),
@@ -267,15 +267,34 @@ pub(crate) fn transform_patterns(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, ids: &[NodeId]) ->
     Ok(on)
 }
 
+/// Transform Objects (`objects` param, on unless it is false): off, a transform leaves the art
+/// where it is and, with Transform Patterns, moves only its pattern tiles.
+pub(crate) fn transforms_objects(p: &Value) -> bool {
+    bool_or(p, "objects", true)
+}
+
+/// `xf` on `n` with Transform Objects (`objects`, see [`transforms_objects`]) on or off.
+pub(crate) fn transform_node(n: &mut Node, xf: Affine, sc: Scaling, objects: bool) {
+    if objects {
+        n.transform(xf, sc);
+    } else if sc.patterns {
+        vectorcraft_doc::pattern::transform_patterns_only(n, xf);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Apply `xf` to `ids` (`copy` param: duplicate first; `strokes`/`corners`: see [`scaling`];
-/// `patterns`: see [`transform_patterns`]; `typeAreas`: see [`resize_type_area`]). Outside an
-/// interaction, records `xf` and the options it used for Transform Again.
+/// `patterns`: see [`transform_patterns`]; `objects`: see [`transforms_objects`]; `typeAreas`:
+/// see [`resize_type_area`]). Outside an
+/// interaction, records `xf` and the options it used for Transform Again. In an interaction whose
+/// document is still its snapshot, a transform with `copy` keeps its copies ([`preview_copies`]),
+/// and the next one that copies the same objects of the same snapshot transforms those copies.
 ///
 /// `anchors` (`ids` being the selection): with anchors selected with Direct Selection and no
 /// copy, only those anchors transform, their handles with them, and the objects selected whole.
 pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf: Affine, p: &Value, anchors: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     let copy = bool_or(p, "copy", false);
     let areas = bool_or(p, "typeAreas", false);
+    let objects = transforms_objects(p);
     let mut sc = if Scaling::factor(xf).is_some() { scaling(s, p) } else { Scaling::default() };
     sc.patterns = transform_patterns(s, p, &ids)?;
     // A transform of ids that name no object, or an identity transform without a copy, moves
@@ -283,7 +302,7 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf
     // With a copy, the reply lists the copies, and there are none.
     let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
     let none = d.index_paths(ids.iter().copied()).is_empty();
-    let ids = if anchors && !copy && !s.doc()?.selection.anchors.is_empty() {
+    let ids = if anchors && objects && !copy && !s.doc()?.selection.anchors.is_empty() {
         if xf != Affine::IDENTITY {
             super::path::transform_anchors(s, label, xf, sc)?;
         }
@@ -291,15 +310,26 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf
     } else if none || (!copy && xf == Affine::IDENTITY) {
         if copy { vec![] } else { ids }
     } else {
+        let kept = if copy { preview_copies(s, &ids)? } else { None };
         s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
-            let targets = if copy { duplicate_in(d, sel, &ids, Affine::IDENTITY)? } else { ids.clone() };
+            let targets = match &kept {
+                // The document becomes the snapshot with the kept copies, untransformed, and the
+                // loop below transforms only the copies.
+                Some(k) => {
+                    *d = Document::clone(&k.doc);
+                    sel.clone_from(&k.selection);
+                    k.ids.clone()
+                }
+                None if copy => duplicate_in(d, sel, &ids, Affine::IDENTITY)?,
+                None => ids.clone(),
+            };
             // Transforms don't move nodes in the tree, so the paths found up front stay right.
             let paths = d.index_paths(targets.iter().copied());
             for id in &targets {
                 if let Some(n) = paths.get(id).and_then(|p| d.node_mut_at(p))
-                    && !(areas && resize_type_area(n, xf))
+                    && !(objects && areas && resize_type_area(n, xf))
                 {
-                    n.transform(xf, sc);
+                    transform_node(n, xf, sc, objects);
                 }
             }
             Ok(targets)
@@ -307,7 +337,7 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf
     };
     let st = s.doc_mut()?;
     if st.interaction.is_none() {
-        let mut options = json!({ "copy": copy, "typeAreas": areas, "patterns": sc.patterns });
+        let mut options = json!({ "copy": copy, "typeAreas": areas, "patterns": sc.patterns, "objects": objects });
         if Scaling::factor(xf).is_some() {
             options["strokes"] = json!(sc.strokes);
             options["corners"] = json!(!sc.keep_corners);
@@ -318,6 +348,33 @@ pub(crate) fn apply_transform(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: Vec<NodeId>, xf
     Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
 }
 
+/// Returns the copies of `roots` for a transform with `copy` in an interaction whose document is
+/// still its snapshot, as in a preview ([`Session::preview`] puts the snapshot back first). These
+/// are the copies the interaction keeps when they were made of that snapshot for the same `roots`;
+/// otherwise this copies `roots` with [`duplicate_in`] in a clone of the snapshot, untransformed,
+/// and the interaction keeps that clone. It returns `None` outside an interaction, and when the
+/// document is no longer the snapshot, as for a command run in a typing session or a script batch
+/// after an earlier edit there: the transform then copies the current document.
+fn preview_copies(s: &mut Session, roots: &[NodeId]) -> Result<Option<Arc<crate::PreviewCopies>>> {
+    let st = s.doc_mut()?;
+    let Some(it) = &mut st.interaction else { return Ok(None) };
+    if !Arc::ptr_eq(&st.doc, &it.doc) {
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+    if let Some(k) = &it.copies
+        && Arc::ptr_eq(&k.from, &it.doc)
+        && k.roots == roots
+    {
+        return Ok(Some(k.clone()));
+    }
+    let mut doc = it.doc.clone();
+    let mut selection = st.selection.clone();
+    let ids = duplicate_in(Arc::make_mut(&mut doc), &mut selection, roots, Affine::IDENTITY)?;
+    let k = Arc::new(crate::PreviewCopies { from: it.doc.clone(), roots: roots.to_vec(), doc, selection, ids });
+    it.copies = Some(k.clone());
+    Ok(Some(k))
+}
+
 /// Area type resized by its bounding box: `xf` reshapes its frame (the type area) and the text
 /// reflows at its size. False for anything else (and type in perspective), which transforms as
 /// usual.

crates/engine/src/cmd/opacitymask.rs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use vectorcraft_color::BlendMode;
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Knockout, Node, NodeId, OpacityMask, Selection};
 
 use super::maskedit::{begin, finish, mask_group, mask_parts, show_editing};
+use super::pathops::{Beside, separate};
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
@@ -189,6 +190,9 @@ fn make(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         // Several objects are grouped so they share one mask.
         let target = if let [one] = art {
             *one
+        } else if separate(d, art) {
+            let gid = d.alloc_id();
+            d.wrap(art, |children| Node::group(gid, children))?
         } else {
             let last = art[art.len() - 1];
             let (par, idx, _) = d.position(last).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(last))?;
@@ -223,16 +227,16 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         // Leave mask editing first: its art goes back into the mask, which is released below.
         finish(d, sel);
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut released = Beside::above(d, &ids);
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(m) = d.node_mut(*id).and_then(|n| n.extras_mut().mask.take()) else { continue };
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
             out.push(*id);
-            for (k, part) in mask_parts(&m.art).iter().enumerate() {
-                // Fresh ids: copies of a masked object share the ids inside their mask art.
-                let art = d.reid(part);
-                out.push(d.insert(par, idx + 1 + k, art)?);
-            }
+            // Fresh ids: copies of a masked object share the ids inside their mask art.
+            let parts: Vec<Node> = mask_parts(&m.art).iter().map(|part| d.reid(part)).collect();
+            out.extend(parts.iter().map(|p| p.id));
+            released.put(d, *id, parts)?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out);
         Ok(())
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/overprint.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Overprint",
             [],
             None,
-            "{fill?: bool, stroke?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?} make fills and/or strokes overprint (Overprint Preview, Separations Preview) or knock out: item's, else every fill or stroke of the painted objects (groups: their contents; type: its characters too). Without item and ids, the Appearance panel's active item stands in when it is of that kind → {changed: objects}",
+            "{fill?: bool, stroke?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null, ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} make fills and/or strokes overprint (Overprint Preview, Separations Preview) or knock out: item's, else every fill or stroke of the painted objects (groups: their contents; type: its characters too). Without item and ids, the Appearance panel's active item stands in when it is of that kind → {changed: objects}",
             has_doc,
             set_overprint
         ),
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Attributes",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, item?} → {ids, overprintFill, overprintStroke, showCenter, imageMap: \"none\"|\"rectangle\"|\"polygon\", url, note, fillRule: \"nonZero\"|\"evenOdd\" (of the paths and compound paths in them), reversed (their subpaths run counter-clockwise on screen: Reverse Path Direction On), recentUrls: [newest first]} the Attributes panel's values for `ids` or the selection, overprint aimed as object.setOverprint aims; a value is null where they differ (or nothing has a fill, stroke or path)",
+            "{ids?|id?, item?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} → {ids, overprintFill, overprintStroke, showCenter, imageMap: \"none\"|\"rectangle\"|\"polygon\", url, note, fillRule: \"nonZero\"|\"evenOdd\" (of the paths and compound paths in them), reversed (their subpaths run counter-clockwise on screen: Reverse Path Direction On), recentUrls: [newest first]} the Attributes panel's values for `ids` or the selection, overprint aimed as object.setOverprint aims; a value is null where they differ (or nothing has a fill, stroke or path)",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| Ok(attributes(s, p)?.to_json())
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/paint.rs

@@ -16,19 +16,25 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Fill",
             [],
             None,
-            "{color?: \"#rrggbb\"|[r,g,b]|{c,m,y,k}|{gray}|{l,a,b} (CIE Lab), none?: true, swatch?: name (a global or spot colour stays linked, so swatch edits recolour it; a tint swatch links to its base at its tint; a gradient swatch is recorded as the gradient's swatch and fits each object, keeping its aspect; the built-in \"[Registration]\" prints on every plate), tint?: 0..100 (% of a global or spot `swatch`; default 100, or a tint swatch's own), gradient?: {kind?: linear|radial|freeform, stops?: [{offset 0..1, color, opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), midpoint? 0.13..0.87, swatch?: global or spot colour (or tint) swatch the stop links to (its colour comes from the swatch), tint?: 0..100}] (at least 2; default white→black), angle?: deg, start?: [x,y], end?: [x,y] (the vector in document coordinates, both or neither; type objects keep it in text space), aspect?: % (radial; without start/end the gradient is placed on each object's bounds), focal?: [x,y] (radial, with start/end: the focal point, where the first stop sits), swatch?: linked gradient swatch name}, item?: appearance item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item if it is a fill, else the top fill), ids?, focus?: true (false keeps the active proxy), keepModel?: false (in a CMYK document, RGB colours and gradient stops are stored as CMYK unless true; Gray stays Gray)} sets the selection's fill and the default (new art fits a gradient to itself); a solid colour recolours only the gradient mesh point last clicked with the Mesh tool or Direct Selection; while the Type tool has characters selected (and no ids or item are given), the paint goes to those characters only",
+            "{color?: \"#rrggbb\"|[r,g,b]|{c,m,y,k}|{gray}|{l,a,b} (CIE Lab), none?: true, swatch?: name (a global or spot colour stays linked, so swatch edits recolour it; a tint swatch links to its base at its tint; a gradient swatch is recorded as the gradient's swatch and fits each object, keeping its aspect; the built-in \"[Registration]\" prints on every plate), tint?: 0..100 (% of a global or spot `swatch`; default 100, or a tint swatch's own), gradient?: {kind?: linear|radial|freeform, stops?: [{offset 0..1, color, opacity? 0..1 (or 0..100), midpoint? 0.13..0.87, swatch?: global or spot colour (or tint) swatch the stop links to (its colour comes from the swatch), tint?: 0..100}] (at least 2; default white→black), angle?: deg, start?: [x,y], end?: [x,y] (the vector in document coordinates, both or neither; type objects keep it in text space), aspect?: % (radial; without start/end the gradient is placed on each object's bounds), focal?: [x,y] (radial, with start/end: the focal point, where the first stop sits), swatch?: linked gradient swatch name}, item?: appearance item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item if it is a fill, else the top fill), ids?|id?, focus?: true (false keeps the active proxy), keepModel?: false (in a CMYK document, RGB colours and gradient stops are stored as CMYK unless true; Gray stays Gray), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} sets the selection's fill and the default (new art fits a gradient to itself); a solid colour recolours only the gradient mesh point last clicked with the Mesh tool or Direct Selection; while the Type tool has characters selected (and no ids or item are given), the paint goes to those characters only",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| set_paint(s, p, true)
         ),
-        cmd!("paint.setStroke", "Stroke", [], None, "same as paint.setFill, for the stroke (item?: the stroke item to set)", has_doc, |s, p| {
-            set_paint(s, p, false)
-        }),
+        cmd!(
+            "paint.setStroke",
+            "Stroke",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{…as paint.setFill, item?: the stroke item to set} same as paint.setFill, for the stroke",
+            has_doc,
+            |s, p| { set_paint(s, p, false) }
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "paint.swap",
             "Swap Fill and Stroke",
             [],
             Some("Shift+X"),
-            "{ids?} swap the fill and stroke of the selection (type too) and of the defaults",
+            "{ids?|id?} swap the fill and stroke of the selection (type too) and of the defaults",
             has_doc,
             swap
         ),
@@ -37,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Default Fill and Stroke",
             [],
             Some("D"),
-            "{ids?} white fill and 1 pt black stroke for the selection and the defaults; type gets black fill and no stroke",
+            "{ids?|id?} white fill and 1 pt black stroke for the selection and the defaults; type gets black fill and no stroke",
             has_doc,
             default_paint
         ),
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transparency",
             ["Window", "Transparency"],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null} for `ids`, the selection, or the object whose opacity mask is being edited; opacity and blend go to the targeted fill/stroke item (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the objects)",
+            "{ids?|id?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: name, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} for `ids`, the selection, or the object whose opacity mask is being edited; opacity and blend go to the targeted fill/stroke item (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item, else the objects)",
             has_doc,
             transparency
         ),
@@ -77,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn proxy_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Invert",
             [],
             None,
-            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?} invert the active proxy's colours of the selection (or ids; groups recolour their contents) keeping each colour's model, as edit.colors.invert does; the Appearance panel's active fill/stroke item (appearance.setActiveItem) is inverted instead when it is of that kind and no ids are given; with nothing selected, invert the default → {changed}",
+            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?|id?, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} invert the active proxy's colours of the selection (or ids; groups recolour their contents) keeping each colour's model, as edit.colors.invert does; the Appearance panel's active fill/stroke item (appearance.setActiveItem) is inverted instead when it is of that kind and no ids are given; with nothing selected, invert the default → {changed}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| proxy_recolor(s, p, "paint.invert", "Invert", &super::colorcmds::invert)
         ),
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ pub fn proxy_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Complement",
             [],
             None,
-            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?} replace the active proxy's colours by their complements ((highest + lowest) − each component, over RGB or CMY; grey unchanged) keeping each colour's model; honours the Appearance panel's active item as paint.invert does; with nothing selected, the default → {changed}",
+            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?|id?, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} replace the active proxy's colours by their complements ((highest + lowest) − each component, over RGB or CMY; grey unchanged) keeping each colour's model; honours the Appearance panel's active item as paint.invert does; with nothing selected, the default → {changed}",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| proxy_recolor(s, p, "paint.complement", "Complement", &|c: Color| c.complement_keep_model())
         ),
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@ pub fn proxy_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Last Color",
             [],
             Some(","),
-            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?} apply the last solid colour used (paint.recent lastColor) to the active proxy of the selection and the default",
+            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?|id?, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} apply the last solid colour used (paint.recent lastColor) to the active proxy of the selection and the default",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| {
                 let paint = Paint::solid(s.last_solid);
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn proxy_specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Last Gradient",
             [],
             Some("."),
-            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?} apply the last gradient used (paint.recent lastGradient), fitted to each object, to the active proxy of the selection and the default",
+            "{stroke?: bool (default: the active proxy), ids?|id?, item?: appearance item index|null, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} apply the last gradient used (paint.recent lastGradient), fitted to each object, to the active proxy of the selection and the default",
             has_doc,
             |s, p| {
                 let paint = super::gradient::unplaced(&Paint::Gradient(Box::new(s.last_gradient.clone())));

crates/engine/src/cmd/panelcmds.rs

@@ -136,10 +136,7 @@ pub(crate) fn artboard_copy(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cut: bool) -> Result<Val
             // Its guides go with it.
             let gone = d.artboards.remove(i).id;
             d.retain_guides(sel, |_, g| g.artboard != Some(gone));
-            for id in &art {
-                // Always there: none of the art is inside another of it.
-                let _ = d.remove(*id);
-            }
+            d.remove_many(&art)?;
             sel.prune(d);
             Ok(())
         })?;
@@ -161,13 +158,7 @@ pub(crate) fn copy_artboard(d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document, i: usize, dv: Vec
     if let Some(id) = d.artboards.get(index).map(|a| a.id) {
         d.copy_artboard_guides(src.id, id, dv);
     }
-    let mut copies = Vec::with_capacity(art.len());
-    for id in art {
-        let (Some((parent, at, _)), Some(n)) = (d.position(*id), d.node(*id).cloned()) else { continue };
-        let mut c = d.reid(&n);
-        c.transform(Affine::translate(dv), sc);
-        copies.push(d.insert(parent, at + 1, c)?);
-    }
+    let copies = super::edit::copy_above(d, art, |_, _, c| c.transform(Affine::translate(dv), sc))?;
     Ok((index, copies))
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/params.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+//! The parameter keys a command accepts, read from its params description (#1442).
+//!
+//! A description starts with the params object: `{x, width?: pt, name?|title?: …, sides=6, …}`, or
+//! with the objects a command takes instead of one another: `{path} or {name, dataBase64}`,
+//! `{name} | {names: […]}`. Each entry of an object starts with a key, or with alternatives split
+//! by `|`; a `?` marks an optional one, and a `:`, `=` or `(` starts what the entry says about it. An entry that starts
+//! with `…` stands for keys listed elsewhere: those of each command it names after `as` or `of`
+//! (`…settings as file.new`), or, naming none, any key (the options of the format an export picks). Objects inside a value aren't
+//! described key by key, so only the top level is checked.
+//!
+//! Callers outside the app (the control channel, MCP, the CLI) are answered with a parameter error
+//! for a key the description doesn't name ([`check_params`]): a misspelt `widht` no longer runs the
+//! command with its default. [`Session::execute`] itself takes what it is given, so the journal of
+//! an older version still replays.
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::{bad, find_command};
+use crate::Result;
+
+/// What a params description says about the keys of the params object.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ParamKeys<'a> {
+    /// The keys it names.
+    pub keys: Vec<&'a str>,
+    /// Its `…` entries, without the `…`.
+    pub more: Vec<&'a str>,
+}
+
+/// The text between the braces of the object `doc` starts with and what follows it, or why it
+/// has none.
+fn object_body(doc: &str) -> std::result::Result<(&str, &str), String> {
+    // (Named, not written in the `Err`: these are for the tests of the descriptions, not messages
+    // the app shows, which the message catalogs would have to translate.)
+    let (no_object, not_closed) = ("the description doesn't start with the params object `{…}`", "the params object `{…}` isn't closed");
+    if !doc.starts_with('{') {
+        return Err(no_object.into());
+    }
+    let (mut depth, mut quote) = (0usize, None);
+    for (i, c) in doc.char_indices() {
+        match (quote, c) {
+            (Some(q), _) if c == q => quote = None,
+            (Some(_), _) => {}
+            (None, '"' | '`') => quote = Some(c),
+            (None, '{' | '[' | '(') => depth += 1,
+            (None, '}' | ']' | ')') => {
+                depth = depth.saturating_sub(1);
+                if depth == 0 {
+                    return Ok((doc.get(1..i).unwrap_or_default(), doc.get(i + 1..).unwrap_or_default()));
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    Err(not_closed.into())
+}
+
+/// `s` split at each `sep` that is outside brackets, quotes and backticks.
+fn split_top(s: &str, sep: char) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let (mut out, mut depth, mut quote, mut start) = (Vec::new(), 0usize, None, 0);
+    for (i, c) in s.char_indices() {
+        match (quote, c) {
+            (Some(q), _) if c == q => quote = None,
+            (Some(_), _) => {}
+            (None, '"' | '`') => quote = Some(c),
+            (None, '{' | '[' | '(') => depth += 1,
+            (None, '}' | ']' | ')') => depth = depth.saturating_sub(1),
+            (None, _) if c == sep && depth == 0 => {
+                out.push(s.get(start..i).unwrap_or_default());
+                start = i + c.len_utf8();
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    out.push(s.get(start..).unwrap_or_default());
+    out
+}
+
+fn is_key(s: &str) -> bool {
+    let mut chars = s.chars();
+    chars.next().is_some_and(|c| c.is_ascii_alphabetic() || c == '_') && chars.all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == '_')
+}
+
+/// The keys a params description names, or what in it doesn't read as one.
+pub fn doc_keys(doc: &str) -> std::result::Result<ParamKeys<'_>, String> {
+    let mut out = ParamKeys::default();
+    let (mut body, mut rest) = object_body(doc)?;
+    let mut entries = split_top(body, ',');
+    // `{…} or {…}`, `{…} | {…}`: the objects the command takes instead.
+    while let Some(next) = rest.trim_start().strip_prefix("or ").or_else(|| rest.trim_start().strip_prefix("| ")).filter(|r| r.starts_with('{')) {
+        (body, rest) = object_body(next)?;
+        entries.extend(split_top(body, ','));
+    }
+    for entry in entries.into_iter().map(str::trim).filter(|e| !e.is_empty()) {
+        if let Some(more) = entry.strip_prefix('…') {
+            out.more.push(more.trim());
+            continue;
+        }
+        // `a?|b?: note` names two keys, and so does `a?: note | b?: note`; in `a?: x|y` the `y`
+        // is a value.
+        let mut noted = false;
+        for alternative in split_top(entry, '|') {
+            let head = alternative.split([':', '=', '(']).next().unwrap_or_default();
+            let rest = alternative.get(head.len()..).unwrap_or_default();
+            let name = head.trim().trim_end_matches('?').trim_end();
+            if !noted {
+                if !is_key(name) {
+                    let start: String = entry.chars().take(60).collect();
+                    let why = format!("`{start}` doesn't start with a parameter name");
+                    return Err(why);
+                }
+                out.keys.push(name);
+                noted = !rest.is_empty();
+            } else if is_key(name) && (head.trim_end().ends_with('?') || rest.starts_with(':')) {
+                out.keys.push(name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// The commands whose keys a `…` entry stands for: those it names after `as` or `of` (`settings as
+/// file.new`, `the PDF options of document.exportPdf`), not one it only points to (`see …`).
+fn named_commands(more: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static super::CommandSpec> + '_ {
+    let words: Vec<&str> = more.split_whitespace().collect();
+    let id = |w: &str| find_command(w.trim_matches(|c: char| !c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()));
+    (1..words.len()).filter_map(move |i| id(words.get(i)?).filter(|_| matches!(words.get(i - 1), Some(&"as" | &"of"))))
+}
+
+/// Every key command `doc` accepts, the keys of the commands its `…` entries name included.
+/// `None`: any key (a `…` entry naming no command, or a description that doesn't parse, which
+/// the tests rule out).
+fn accepted(doc: &'static str, depth: usize) -> Option<Vec<&'static str>> {
+    let parsed = doc_keys(doc).ok()?;
+    let mut keys = parsed.keys;
+    for more in parsed.more {
+        let mut named = named_commands(more).peekable();
+        // A reference that leads back here would never end: descriptions refer one or two deep.
+        if named.peek().is_none() || depth > 4 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        for spec in named {
+            // A command that isn't checked yet doesn't vouch for the ones that take its keys.
+            if UNCHECKED.contains(&spec.id) {
+                return None;
+            }
+            keys.extend(accepted(spec.params, depth + 1)?);
+        }
+    }
+    Some(keys)
+}
+
+/// The edits (insert, delete, replace, swap of neighbours) that turn `a` into `b`, ignoring case.
+fn distance(a: &str, b: &str) -> usize {
+    let (a, b): (Vec<char>, Vec<char>) = (a.chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase()).collect(), b.chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase()).collect());
+    let (mut before, mut prev): (Vec<usize>, Vec<usize>) = (Vec::new(), (0..=b.len()).collect());
+    for (i, ca) in a.iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut row = vec![i + 1];
+        for (j, cb) in b.iter().enumerate() {
+            let at = |r: &[usize], k: usize| r.get(k).copied().unwrap_or(usize::MAX / 2);
+            let mut d = (at(&prev, j) + usize::from(ca != cb)).min(at(&prev, j + 1) + 1).min(at(&row, j) + 1);
+            if i > 0 && j > 0 && a.get(i - 1) == Some(cb) && b.get(j - 1) == Some(ca) {
+                d = d.min(at(&before, j - 1) + 1);
+            }
+            row.push(d);
+        }
+        before = std::mem::replace(&mut prev, row);
+    }
+    prev.last().copied().unwrap_or(0)
+}
+
+/// The key of `keys` a misspelt `key` most likely meant: the nearest one, when it is near.
+fn nearest<'a>(key: &str, keys: &[&'a str]) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    let near = keys.iter().map(|k| (distance(key, k), *k)).min()?;
+    (near.0 <= (key.chars().count() / 3).max(1)).then_some(near.1)
+}
+
+/// `params` has only keys the description `doc` of command `id` names, or the parameter error
+/// naming the first one it doesn't, with the nearest accepted key or the accepted ones.
+pub fn check_keys(id: &str, doc: &'static str, params: &Value) -> Result<()> {
+    let Value::Object(given) = params else { return Ok(()) };
+    if given.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    let Some(keys) = accepted(doc, 0) else { return Ok(()) };
+    let Some(key) = given.keys().find(|k| !keys.contains(&k.as_str())) else { return Ok(()) };
+    Err(bad(
+        id,
+        match nearest(key, &keys) {
+            Some(near) => format!("unknown parameter `{key}`; did you mean `{near}`?"),
+            None if keys.is_empty() => format!("unknown parameter `{key}`; the command takes no parameters"),
+            None => format!("unknown parameter `{key}`; the command takes: {}", keys.join(", ")),
+        },
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Commands whose params aren't checked yet (#1442): they read keys in ways the audit of the
+/// descriptions couldn't follow (a list of keys in a loop, a whole object read as settings), so
+/// their descriptions aren't proven to name every key they take. Sorted; take a command out once
+/// its description is checked against its code.
+pub const UNCHECKED: &[&str] = &[
+    "appearance.copyFrom",
+    "appearance.setItem",
+    "artboard.rearrange",
+    "assets.export",
+    "assets.settings.set",
+    "attributes.info",
+    "attributes.set",
+    "brush.freehand",
+    "css.export",
+    "css.generate",
+    "css.selection",
+    "document.dxfInfo",
+    "document.exportDxf",
+    "document.exportEps",
+    "document.exportForScreens",
+    "document.exportForWeb",
+    "document.exportForWeb.preview",
+    "document.exportPdf",
+    "document.find",
+    "document.inspect",
+    "document.node",
+    "document.open",
+    "document.pdfInfo",
+    "document.pdfSettings",
+    "document.rasterEffectsSettings",
+    "edit.assignProfile",
+    "edit.colors.adjustBalance",
+    "edit.colors.invert",
+    "edit.colors.saturate",
+    "edit.colors.toCMYK",
+    "edit.colors.toGrayscale",
+    "edit.colors.toRGB",
+    "edit.paste",
+    "edit.pasteInBack",
+    "edit.pasteInFront",
+    "edit.pasteInPlace",
+    "edit.pasteOnAllArtboards",
+    "edit.pasteWithoutFormatting",
+    "effect.apply",
+    "eyedropper.setOptions",
+    "file.info",
+    "file.newFromTemplate",
+    "file.newPresets.save",
+    "file.place",
+    "file.place.info",
+    "file.place.queue",
+    "flattener.presets.save",
+    "flattener.preview",
+    "graph.design",
+    "graph.setType",
+    "graphicStyle.loadLibrary",
+    "layer.new",
+    "layer.newSublayer",
+    "layer.releaseToLayersBuild",
+    "layer.setProps",
+    "library.add",
+    "library.deleteGroup",
+    "library.moveItem",
+    "library.removeItem",
+    "library.renameGroup",
+    "library.use",
+    "links.placementOptions",
+    "livePaint.fill",
+    "livePaint.strokeEdge",
+    "magicWand.set",
+    "object.align",
+    "object.blend.make",
+    "object.blend.options",
+    "object.distribute",
+    "object.distributeSpacing",
+    "object.expand",
+    "object.flattenTransparency",
+    "object.liquify",
+    "object.path.splitIntoGrid",
+    "object.puppetWarp",
+    "object.rasterize",
+    "object.repeat.options",
+    "object.setBounds",
+    "object.setLiveShape",
+    "object.setOverprint",
+    "object.setProps",
+    "object.slice.divide",
+    "object.slice.options",
+    "object.transformAgain",
+    "paint.complement",
+    "paint.editGradient",
+    "paint.freeform.addLine",
+    "paint.freeform.addPoint",
+    "paint.freeform.deletePoint",
+    "paint.freeform.setPoint",
+    "paint.freeform.splitLine",
+    "paint.invert",
+    "paint.lastColor",
+    "paint.lastGradient",
+    "paint.setFill",
+    "paint.setGradientGeom",
+    "path.appendAnchor",
+    "pattern.options",
+    "pdf.preset.save",
+    "perspective.grid.define",
+    "perspective.presets.save",
+    "print.tiling",
+    "recolor.apply",
+    "select.editSaved",
+    "shape.flare",
+    "shape.polarGrid",
+    "shape.rectangularGrid",
+    "stroke.set",
+    "stroke.setAdvanced",
+    "swatch.edit",
+    "swatch.library.load",
+    "text.setFormat",
+    "text.setRangeStyle",
+    "text.setStyle",
+    "text.tabs.clear",
+    "text.tabs.get",
+    "text.tabs.set",
+    "transparency.disableOpacityMask",
+    "transparency.enableOpacityMask",
+    "transparency.linkOpacityMask",
+    "transparency.set",
+    "transparency.setOpacityMask",
+    "transparency.unlinkOpacityMask",
+    "type.pathOptions",
+    "webExport.presets.save",
+    "webExport.settings",
+];
+
+/// [`check_keys`] for an engine command, the steps of a `command.batch` included. A command the
+/// engine doesn't have passes: running it reports that.
+pub fn check_params(id: &str, params: &Value) -> Result<()> {
+    let Some(spec) = find_command(id) else { return Ok(()) };
+    if UNCHECKED.contains(&id) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    check_keys(id, spec.params, params)?;
+    if id == "command.batch" {
+        for step in params.get("commands").and_then(Value::as_array).into_iter().flatten() {
+            if let (Some(step_id), Some(step_params)) = (step.get("command").and_then(Value::as_str), step.get("params")) {
+                check_params(step_id, step_params)?;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/path.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeId, NodeKind, Scaling};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{AnchorKind, PathData, Point, SubPath, Vec2};
 
 use super::create::anchor_from_json;
+use super::pathops::Beside;
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reverse Path Direction",
             ["Object", "Path"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, reversed?: bool (true: every subpath runs counter-clockwise on screen, false: clockwise, the Attributes panel's Reverse Path Direction On / Off; omitted: flip each path)} the paths in ids or the selection (groups and compound paths: the paths inside), as one undo step → {changed: paths}",
+            "{ids?|id?, reversed?: bool (true: every subpath runs counter-clockwise on screen, false: clockwise, the Attributes panel's Reverse Path Direction On / Off; omitted: flip each path)} the paths in ids or the selection (groups and compound paths: the paths inside), as one undo step → {changed: paths}",
             has_doc,
             reverse
         ),
@@ -466,6 +467,7 @@ pub(crate) fn delete_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let segments = st.selection.segments.clone();
     s.edit("Clear", |d, selection| {
         let mut survivors = vec![];
+        let mut emptied = Beside::replacing(d, &sel.keys().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, set) in &sel {
             let remove_node = {
                 let path = path_mut(d, *id)?;
@@ -499,11 +501,12 @@ pub(crate) fn delete_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 path.subpaths.is_empty()
             };
             if remove_node {
-                d.remove(*id)?;
+                emptied.put(d, *id, vec![])?;
             } else if segments.contains_key(id) {
                 survivors.push(*id);
             }
         }
+        emptied.finish(d)?;
         // Another Delete removes the remaining path after a segment cut. Anchor Delete keeps
         // its existing deselection behavior.
         selection.set(survivors);
@@ -625,11 +628,12 @@ fn cut_at_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let ids = s.edit("Cut Path", |d, sel| {
         let (mut all, mut picked) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        let mut cut = Beside::replacing(d, &cuts.iter().map(|(id, ..)| *id).collect::<Vec<_>>());
         for (id, subs, starts) in cuts {
             // A path of one subpath becomes one path per piece (the first keeps the id); the
             // pieces of a compound shape stay subpaths of it.
             if d.node(id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).is_some_and(|pd| pd.subpaths.len() == 1) {
-                let ids = super::draw2::replace_with_pieces(d, id, subs.into_iter().map(PathData::single).collect())?;
+                let ids = super::draw2::replace_with_pieces(d, &mut cut, id, subs.into_iter().map(PathData::single).collect())?;
                 picked.extend(ids.iter().zip(&starts).filter(|(_, s)| **s).map(|(id, _)| (*id, (0, 0))));
                 all.extend(ids);
             } else {
@@ -638,6 +642,7 @@ fn cut_at_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 all.push(id);
             }
         }
+        cut.finish(d)?;
         // Each cut leaves one of its two coincident anchors selected, so a drag pulls the ends apart.
         sel.clear();
         for (id, a) in picked {

crates/engine/src/cmd/pathops.rs

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Split Into Grid…",
             ["Object", "Path"],
             None,
-            "{rows?: 2, columns?: 2, gutter?: pt (12)} → {ids}",
+            "{rows?: 2, columns?: 2, gutter?: pt (12; rowGutter?, columnGutter?: one of the two), totalHeight?, totalWidth?: pt (the grid's size; the selected paths' when left out), height?, width?: pt (each row's and column's size, which then sets the total), addGuides?: false (ruler guides along the row and column edges)} one grid of rectangles over the selected paths replaces them, painted as the topmost one → {ids, guides: count}",
             has_selection,
             split_into_grid
         ),
@@ -286,6 +286,73 @@ fn shape_node_styled(d: &mut Document, path: PathData, style: &Style) -> Node {
     n
 }
 
+/// Whether `ids` are separate objects, as [`Document::remove_many`] and [`Document::insert_beside`]
+/// take them: each one is in the tree and listed once, and none lies inside another listed one.
+pub(crate) fn separate(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> bool {
+    let paths = d.index_paths(ids.iter().copied());
+    let mut found: Vec<_> = ids.iter().filter_map(|id| paths.get(id)).collect();
+    found.sort_unstable();
+    found.len() == ids.len() && found.windows(2).all(|w| !w[1].starts_with(w[0]))
+}
+
+/// Lists of nodes that go in place of objects, or directly above them; an empty list in place of
+/// an object removes it. When the objects are [`separate`], [`Beside::put`] holds each list and
+/// leaves the tree as it is, and [`Beside::finish`] inserts them all in one pass over the children
+/// of each parent ([`Document::insert_beside`]). Otherwise [`Beside::put`] inserts each list at
+/// once, where its object is at that moment.
+pub(crate) struct Beside {
+    replace: bool,
+    waiting: Option<Vec<(NodeId, Vec<Node>)>>,
+}
+
+impl Beside {
+    /// Lists that go in place of objects among `ids`.
+    pub(crate) fn replacing(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Self {
+        Beside { replace: true, waiting: separate(d, ids).then(Vec::new) }
+    }
+
+    /// Lists that go directly above objects among `ids`.
+    pub(crate) fn above(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Self {
+        Beside { replace: false, waiting: separate(d, ids).then(Vec::new) }
+    }
+
+    /// Put `nodes`, in their order, in place of object `id` or directly above it.
+    pub(crate) fn put(&mut self, d: &mut Document, id: NodeId, nodes: Vec<Node>) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(waiting) = &mut self.waiting {
+            waiting.push((id, nodes));
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let (parent, idx, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        let at = if self.replace {
+            d.remove(id)?;
+            idx
+        } else {
+            idx + 1
+        };
+        for (k, n) in nodes.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            d.insert(parent, at + k, n)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Insert the lists that [`Beside::put`] held.
+    pub(crate) fn finish(self, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
+        match self.waiting {
+            Some(waiting) if !waiting.is_empty() => Ok(d.insert_beside(waiting, self.replace)?),
+            _ => Ok(()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Remove `ids` through a [`Beside`], which removes them in one pass when they are [`separate`].
+pub(crate) fn remove_each(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut gone = Beside::replacing(d, ids);
+    for id in ids {
+        gone.put(d, *id, vec![])?;
+    }
+    gone.finish(d)
+}
+
 // ---------- Pathfinder ----------
 
 fn pf_label(op: PathfinderOp) -> &'static str {
@@ -305,7 +372,9 @@ fn pf_label(op: PathfinderOp) -> &'static str {
 
 fn run_pf(s: &mut Session, op: PathfinderOp) -> Result<Value> {
     let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
-    let Some(&top) = roots.last() else { return Err(EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into())) };
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other("nothing selected".into()));
+    }
     let shape_mode =
         matches!(op, PathfinderOp::Unite | PathfinderOp::MinusFront | PathfinderOp::Intersect | PathfinderOp::Exclude | PathfinderOp::MinusBack);
     let label = pf_label(op);
@@ -343,10 +412,12 @@ fn run_pf(s: &mut Session, op: PathfinderOp) -> Result<Value> {
                 continue;
             }
             if shape_mode
+                && roots.len() > 1
                 && lv.len() > 1
                 && let Some(top) = lv.last()
             {
-                // A group acts as one shape (the union of its leaves) with its top leaf's style.
+                // Among other objects, a group acts as one shape (the union of its leaves) with
+                // its top leaf's style. Selected alone, its members are the shapes (#1450).
                 let parts: Vec<(PathData, FillRule)> = lv.iter().filter_map(node_path).collect();
                 let refs: Vec<(&PathData, FillRule)> = parts.iter().map(|(p, r)| (p, *r)).collect();
                 let name = n.name.clone().or_else(|| lv.iter().find_map(|l| l.name.clone()));
@@ -369,7 +440,6 @@ fn run_pf(s: &mut Session, op: PathfinderOp) -> Result<Value> {
         if results.iter().all(|r| r.path.is_empty()) {
             return Err(EngineError::Other(format!("{label} produced an empty result")));
         }
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
         let new_node = if shape_mode {
             let r =
                 results.into_iter().find(|r| !r.path.is_empty()).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other(format!("{label} produced an empty result")))?;
@@ -401,11 +471,7 @@ fn run_pf(s: &mut Session, op: PathfinderOp) -> Result<Value> {
             let gid = d.alloc_id();
             Node::group(gid, children)
         };
-        let nid = new_node.id;
-        d.insert(par, idx + 1, new_node)?;
-        for id in &roots {
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-        }
+        let nid = d.wrap(&roots, |_| new_node)?;
         sel.set([nid]);
         Ok(vec![nid])
     })?;
@@ -431,7 +497,7 @@ fn offset_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let miter = num_param(p, "miterLimit").unwrap_or(4.0).clamp(1.0, 500.0);
     let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
     let ids = s.edit("Offset Path", |d, sel| {
-        let mut out = vec![];
+        let (mut out, mut above) = (vec![], vec![]);
         for id in &roots {
             let Some(n) = d.node(*id).cloned() else { continue };
             let mut lv = vec![];
@@ -458,12 +524,13 @@ fn offset_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 let gid = d.alloc_id();
                 Node::group(gid, made.into_iter().map(Arc::new).collect())
             };
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
-            out.push(d.insert(par, idx + 1, new)?);
+            out.push(new.id);
+            above.push((*id, vec![new]));
         }
         if out.is_empty() {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("Offset Path: select paths".into()));
         }
+        d.insert_beside(above, false)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;
@@ -612,9 +679,8 @@ pub(crate) fn replace_leaves(d: &mut Document, root: NodeId, mut f: impl FnMut(&
     let (mut replacement, mut changed) = (root, 0);
     for l in lv {
         let Some(new) = f(d, &l) else { continue };
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(l.id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(l.id))?;
-        let nid = d.insert(par, idx, new)?;
-        d.remove(l.id)?;
+        let nid = new.id;
+        *d.node_mut(l.id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(l.id))? = new;
         changed += 1;
         if l.id == root {
             replacement = nid;
@@ -717,40 +783,65 @@ fn add_anchor_points(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 // ---------- Split Into Grid ----------
 
+/// One direction of the grid: the (gutter, total size) of `n` rows or columns. A `size` for each
+/// makes the total; otherwise it is `total`, or `extent` (the selection's) when neither is given.
+fn grid_axis(p: &Value, n: f64, [size, gutter, total]: [&str; 3], extent: f64) -> (f64, f64) {
+    let gutter = len_param(p, gutter).or_else(|| len_param(p, "gutter")).unwrap_or(12.0).max(0.0);
+    let total = match len_param(p, size) {
+        Some(size) => n * size + (n - 1.0) * gutter,
+        None => len_param(p, total).unwrap_or(extent),
+    };
+    (gutter, total)
+}
+
 fn split_into_grid(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let rows = num_param(p, "rows").unwrap_or(2.0).round();
     let cols = num_param(p, "columns").unwrap_or(2.0).round();
     if !(1.0..=500.0).contains(&rows) || !(1.0..=500.0).contains(&cols) {
         return Err(bad("object.path.splitIntoGrid", "rows and columns must be 1..500"));
     }
-    let gutter = len_param(p, "gutter").unwrap_or(12.0).max(0.0);
+    let too_small = || EngineError::Other("Split Into Grid: select paths large enough for the grid".into());
+    // The selected paths, back to front: one grid over them all replaces them, where the topmost
+    // one was and painted as it is.
+    let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
     let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
+    let paths: Vec<&Node> =
+        roots.iter().filter_map(|id| d.node(*id)).filter(|n| matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. } | NodeKind::Compound { .. })).collect();
+    let Some((top, below)) = paths.split_last().map(|(top, below)| (Node::clone(top), below.iter().map(|n| n.id).collect::<Vec<_>>())) else {
+        return Err(too_small());
+    };
+    let Some(b) = paths.iter().filter_map(|n| n.geometric_bounds()).reduce(|a, b| a.union(b)) else { return Err(too_small()) };
+    let (row_gutter, height) = grid_axis(p, rows, ["height", "rowGutter", "totalHeight"], b.height());
+    let (col_gutter, width) = grid_axis(p, cols, ["width", "columnGutter", "totalWidth"], b.width());
+    let (rows, cols) = (rows as usize, cols as usize);
+    let cells = po::split_into_grid(vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(b.x0, b.y0, b.x0 + width, b.y0 + height), rows, cols, (row_gutter, col_gutter));
+    if cells.is_empty() {
+        return Err(too_small());
+    }
+    let mut edges: Vec<(bool, f64)> = Vec::new();
+    if bool_or(p, "addGuides", false) {
+        // Row-major cells: the first row has the column edges, each row's first cell the row edges.
+        let bounds = cells.iter().filter_map(PathData::bounds);
+        edges.extend(bounds.clone().take(cols).flat_map(|c| [(true, c.x0), (true, c.x1)]));
+        edges.extend(bounds.step_by(cols).flat_map(|c| [(false, c.y0), (false, c.y1)]));
+        // Without a gutter, neighbours share an edge.
+        edges.dedup_by(|a, b| a.0 == b.0 && (a.1 - b.1).abs() < 1e-9);
+    }
     let ids = s.edit("Split Into Grid", |d, sel| {
-        let mut out = vec![];
-        for id in &roots {
-            let Some(n) = d.node(*id).cloned() else { continue };
-            if !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { .. } | NodeKind::Compound { .. }) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let Some(b) = n.geometric_bounds() else { continue };
-            let cells = po::split_into_grid(b, rows as usize, cols as usize, gutter);
-            if cells.is_empty() {
-                continue;
-            }
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-            for (k, c) in cells.into_iter().enumerate() {
-                let node = shape_node(d, c, Some(&n));
-                out.push(d.insert(par, idx + k, node)?);
-            }
-        }
-        if out.is_empty() {
-            return Err(EngineError::Other("Split Into Grid: select paths large enough for the grid".into()));
+        d.remove_many(&below)?;
+        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top.id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top.id))?;
+        let layer = d.layer_containing(top.id);
+        d.remove(top.id)?;
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(cells.len());
+        for (k, c) in cells.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let node = shape_node(d, c, Some(&top));
+            out.push(d.insert(par, idx + k, node)?);
         }
+        d.guides.extend(edges.iter().map(|&(vertical, pos)| vectorcraft_doc::Guide { layer, ..vectorcraft_doc::Guide::new(vertical, pos) }));
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;
-    Ok(ids_json(&ids))
+    Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>(), "guides": edges.len() }))
 }
 
 // ---------- Clean Up ----------
@@ -813,12 +904,13 @@ fn clean_up(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return Ok(json!({ "removed": 0 }));
     }
     s.edit("Clean Up", |d, _| {
+        let mut gone = Beside::replacing(d, &found);
         for id in &found {
             if d.node(*id).is_some() {
-                d.remove(*id)?;
+                gone.put(d, *id, vec![])?;
             }
         }
-        Ok(())
+        gone.finish(d)
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "removed": found.len() }))
 }
@@ -858,6 +950,7 @@ fn divide_objects_below(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 && d.node(*id).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds).is_some_and(|b| b.intersect(cb).area() > 0.0)
         });
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut cut = Beside::replacing(d, &[targets.as_slice(), &[cutter_id]].concat());
         for t in targets {
             let Some(n) = d.node(t).cloned() else { continue };
             let Some((tp, tr)) = node_path(&n) else { continue };
@@ -866,14 +959,12 @@ fn divide_objects_below(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             if inside.is_empty() || outside.is_empty() {
                 continue;
             }
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(t).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(t))?;
-            d.remove(t)?;
-            for (k, piece) in [outside, inside].into_iter().enumerate() {
-                let node = shape_node(d, piece, Some(&n));
-                out.push(d.insert(par, idx + k, node)?);
-            }
+            let pieces: Vec<Node> = [outside, inside].into_iter().map(|piece| shape_node(d, piece, Some(&n))).collect();
+            out.extend(pieces.iter().map(|p| p.id));
+            cut.put(d, t, pieces)?;
         }
-        d.remove(cutter_id)?;
+        cut.put(d, cutter_id, vec![])?;
+        cut.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/patterncmds.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, Selection};
 use vectorcraft_geom::Rect;
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
+use super::pathops::Beside;
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Transform Patterns",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f]} transform only the pattern placement of the objects' pattern paints (Transform Patterns)",
+            "{ids?|id?, matrix: [a,b,c,d,e,f]} transform only the pattern placement of the objects' pattern paints (Transform Patterns)",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             pattern_transform
         ),
@@ -633,15 +634,12 @@ fn make_repeat(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, label: &str, make: impl Fn(Vec<Arc<No
         return Ok(json!({ "id": r.0 }));
     }
     let roots = roots(s, p)?;
-    let Some(&top) = roots.last() else { return Err(EngineError::Other("select the art to repeat".into())) };
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other("select the art to repeat".into()));
+    }
     let id = s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
-        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
-        let nodes: Vec<Arc<Node>> = roots.iter().filter_map(|id| d.node(*id).cloned()).map(Arc::new).collect();
         let id = d.alloc_id();
-        d.insert(par, idx + 1, Node::new(id, NodeKind::Repeat(make(nodes))))?;
-        for r in &roots {
-            d.remove(*r)?;
-        }
+        d.wrap(&roots, |nodes| Node::new(id, NodeKind::Repeat(make(nodes))))?;
         sel.set([id]);
         Ok(id)
     })?;
@@ -682,15 +680,14 @@ fn repeat_release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let reps = selected_repeats(s);
     let ids = s.edit("Release Repeat", |d, sel| {
         let mut out = vec![];
+        let mut released = Beside::replacing(d, &reps);
         for r in &reps {
             let Some(n) = d.node(*r).cloned() else { continue };
-            let (par, idx, _) = d.position(*r).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*r))?;
-            d.remove(*r)?;
-            for (k, c) in n.children().into_iter().flatten().enumerate() {
-                out.push(c.id);
-                d.insert(par, idx + k, (**c).clone())?;
-            }
+            let art: Vec<Node> = n.children().into_iter().flatten().map(|c| (**c).clone()).collect();
+            out.extend(art.iter().map(|c| c.id));
+            released.put(d, *r, art)?;
         }
+        released.finish(d)?;
         sel.set(out.iter().copied());
         Ok(out)
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/pdfcmds.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save PDF Preset",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name?: (default: a new \"PDF Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, description?, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else VectorCraft Default), …document.exportPdf options} create or change a saved preset (built-in presets are read-only; passwords are never stored) → {name, created, settings}",
+            "{name?: (default: a new \"PDF Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, description?, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else VectorCraft Default), …options of document.exportPdf} create or change a saved preset (built-in presets are read-only; passwords are never stored) → {name, created, settings}",
             always,
             save
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/perspgrid.rs

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save Perspective Grid Preset",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name?: (default: a new \"Perspective Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else the document's grid), …the perspective.grid.define fields (over it)} create or change a saved preset (Save Grid as Preset: just `name`); built-in ones are protected → {name, created, definition}",
+            "{name?: (default: a new \"Perspective Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else the document's grid), …the fields of perspective.grid.define (over it)} create or change a saved preset (Save Grid as Preset: just `name`); built-in ones are protected → {name, created, definition}",
             always,
             presets_save
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/place/mod.rs

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Place…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Shift+P"),
-            "{path | name+dataBase64, link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; a VectorCraft document at path becomes one locked placed document showing artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it changes (links.update; saving it in this app updates it at once), drawn as vectors in every output; false: an editable copy of its art, as from dataBase64; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside, aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default; an SVG, only when given: framed and clipped by its viewBox, else by its art's bounds) | \"bounding\" (the art's bounds) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings}. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF (clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it) and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns and swatches they use. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard",
+            "{path | name | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its name with its bytes), link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; a VectorCraft document at path becomes one locked placed document showing artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it changes (links.update; saving it in this app updates it at once), drawn as vectors in every output; false: an editable copy of its art, as from dataBase64; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside; aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default; an SVG, only when given: framed and clipped by its viewBox, else by its art's bounds) | \"bounding\" (the art's bounds) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings}. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF (clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it) and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns and swatches they use. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard",
             has_doc,
             place
         ),
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Placed File Info",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path | name+dataBase64, page?, crop?, password?, thumbnail?: px} what file.place would place, without placing it → {name, format, width, height (pt at 100%), pixelWidth?, pixelHeight?, ppi?: [x, y], colorMode?: RGB|Grayscale|CMYK (raster images), warnings, thumbnailBase64?: PNG of at most `thumbnail` (≤ 512) px on its longer side}",
+            "{path | name | dataBase64 (a file's path, or its name with its bytes), page?, crop?, password?, thumbnail?: px, link?: bool, dxf?: {…} (both as file.place)} what file.place would place, without placing it → {name, format, width, height (pt at 100%), pixelWidth?, pixelHeight?, ppi?: [x, y], colorMode?: RGB|Grayscale|CMYK (raster images), warnings, thumbnailBase64?: PNG of at most `thumbnail` (≤ 512) px on its longer side}",
             always,
             info
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/plugin.rs

@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Run Plug-in",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id, params?: {…} (the plug-in's parameters; or give them as top-level keys; missing ones take their defaults, see plugin.info), ids?: [..] (default: the selection)} run an object filter on the selected paths and compound paths (inside selected groups and layers too; hidden, locked, guide and clipping paths are left out): it may change, delete or add objects, as one undo step; the result is selected. With nothing selected it gets no objects (generators add theirs to the current layer) → {plugin, ids}",
+            "{id, params?: {…} (the plug-in's parameters; or give them as top-level keys; missing ones take their defaults, see plugin.info), ids?: [..] (default: the selection), …the plug-in's parameters as top-level keys} run an object filter on the selected paths and compound paths (inside selected groups and layers too; hidden, locked, guide and clipping paths are left out): it may change, delete or add objects, as one undo step; the result is selected. With nothing selected it gets no objects (generators add theirs to the current layer) → {plugin, ids}",
             has_doc,
             run
         ),
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Install Plug-in",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path: a .wasm file (desktop) | dataBase64: the module (+ name?: shown as its source), replace?: bool (true: a plug-in with the same id is replaced)} validate and install a WebAssembly plug-in for this session → its plugin.list entry",
+            "{path: a .wasm file (desktop) | dataBase64: the module (+ name?: shown as its source), replace?: bool (true: a plug-in with the same id is replaced), name?: file name (with dataBase64)} validate and install a WebAssembly plug-in for this session → its plugin.list entry",
             always,
             install
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/print.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Print Preview",
             [],
             None,
-            "{settings?: {…print.setup settings} (over the document's)} → {pages (copies included), sheets: [{artboard (0-based; null with artboards ignored), tile? (1-based), ink? (separations), width, height (pt, the page), orientation, scale: [width %, height %], transform: [a, b, c, d, e, f] (document space → the page, pt, y down), area: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the document region the page prints), trim: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the artboard on the page)}] (one copy, in order), tiles: [{artboard, columns, rows, printed: [1-based tiles], tiles: [[x0, y0, x1, y1]…] (document space)}], inks: [{name, spot, print, frequency, angle}] (separations), warnings (art larger than the imageable area, options not applied yet…), settings} without printing",
+            "{settings?: {…settings of print.setup} (over the document's)} → {pages (copies included), sheets: [{artboard (0-based; null with artboards ignored), tile? (1-based), ink? (separations), width, height (pt, the page), orientation, scale: [width %, height %], transform: [a, b, c, d, e, f] (document space → the page, pt, y down), area: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the document region the page prints), trim: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the artboard on the page)}] (one copy, in order), tiles: [{artboard, columns, rows, printed: [1-based tiles], tiles: [[x0, y0, x1, y1]…] (document space)}], inks: [{name, spot, print, frequency, angle}] (separations), warnings (art larger than the imageable area, options not applied yet…), settings} without printing",
             has_doc,
             preview
         ),
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Print",
             [],
             Some("Cmd+P"),
-            "{settings?: {…print.setup settings} (over the document's), path?, format?: pdf (default: a print-ready PDF) | postscript (the default for a .ps path: a PostScript file with DSC comments, %%Pages, a page per sheet with its paper size, marks, separations with their ink and halftone screen, the fixed flatness, negatives), level?: 3|2 (the PostScript language level), flattenerPreset?: \"medium\" (PostScript: the preset transparency is flattened with — high, low or a saved one, see flattener.presets.list)} print the document, one page per sheet of paper (per tile, per ink, per copy) → {pages, format, path, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, bytes, pages, format, warnings}. Raster effects print at the document's raster effects resolution; a PDF leaves halftone screens and flatness to the output device",
+            "{settings?: {…settings of print.setup} (over the document's), path?, format?: pdf (default: a print-ready PDF) | postscript (the default for a .ps path: a PostScript file with DSC comments, %%Pages, a page per sheet with its paper size, marks, separations with their ink and halftone screen, the fixed flatness, negatives), level?: 3|2 (the PostScript language level), flattenerPreset?: \"medium\" (PostScript: the preset transparency is flattened with — high, low or a saved one, see flattener.presets.list), acknowledgeLoss?: bool (with path: write over the file the document was read from although reading it left things out)} print the document, one page per sheet of paper (per tile, per ink, per copy) → {pages, format, path, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, bytes, pages, format, warnings}. Raster effects print at the document's raster effects resolution; a PDF leaves halftone screens and flatness to the output device",
             has_doc,
             print
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/printpresets.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save Print Preset",
             [],
             None,
-            "{name?: (default: a new \"Print Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else [Default]), settings?: {…print.setup settings} (over it)} create or change a saved preset ([Default] is protected) → {name, created, settings}",
+            "{name?: (default: a new \"Print Preset N\"), newName?: rename it, preset?: the preset to start from (default: the saved preset `name`, else [Default]), settings?: {…settings of print.setup} (over it)} create or change a saved preset ([Default] is protected) → {name, created, settings}",
             always,
             save
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/printtiling.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Print Tiling Pages",
             [],
             None,
-            "{settings?: {…print.setup settings} (over the document's)} the pages as View → Show Print Tiling draws them, from print.preview's layout → {tileOrigin, pages: [{artboard (0-based; null with artboards ignored), number (1-based tile across then down, or page), printed (tiles outside tileRange don't), page: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the paper's edge), imageable: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (inside the unprintable margin)}] (document space; every tile when tiling, else each page once)}",
+            "{settings?: {…settings of print.setup} (over the document's)} the pages as View → Show Print Tiling draws them, from print.preview's layout → {tileOrigin, pages: [{artboard (0-based; null with artboards ignored), number (1-based tile across then down, or page), printed (tiles outside tileRange don't), page: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (the paper's edge), imageable: [x0, y0, x1, y1] (inside the unprintable margin)}] (document space; every tile when tiling, else each page once)}",
             has_doc,
             tiling
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/recolor.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Recolor Artwork",
             ["Edit", "Edit Colors"],
             None,
-            "{map: rows [{from: [colour keys (recolor.colors) or \"#rrggbb\" (every colour shown as that hex)], to: colour (hex, key, {c,m,y,k} or {l,a,b}) | null, exclude?: false (the row's colours are kept)}] | {\"key or #rrggbb\": colour, …} (one row per colour), method?: \"exact\" (default)|\"preserveTints\"|\"scaleTints\"|\"tintsShades\"|\"hueShift\" (how a row's colours take its new colour, relative to the row's darkest, average or most saturated colour), limitTo?: swatch library id or name, or \"document\" (the document's swatches): new colours snap to its nearest colour, group?: colour group rewritten with groupColors?: [colour] (default: the rows' new colours, in order, excluded rows left out), rename?: the group's new name, includeImages?: true, includePatterns?: true} recolour the selection (gradients, text, meshes, image pixels and pattern tiles included; each new colour keeps the model of the one it replaces) and the group, as one undo step → {changed}",
+            "{map: rows [{from: [colour keys (recolor.colors) or \"#rrggbb\" (every colour shown as that hex)], to: colour (hex, key, {c,m,y,k} or {l,a,b}) | null, exclude?: false (the row's colours are kept)}] | {\"key or #rrggbb\": colour, …} (one row per colour), method?: \"exact\" (default)|\"preserveTints\"|\"scaleTints\"|\"tintsShades\"|\"hueShift\" (how a row's colours take its new colour, relative to the row's darkest, average or most saturated colour), limitTo?: swatch library id or name; or \"document\" (the document's swatches): new colours snap to its nearest colour, group?: colour group to rewrite, groupColors?: [colour] (what `group` is rewritten with; default: the rows' new colours, in order, excluded rows left out), rename?: the group's new name, includeImages?: true, includePatterns?: true} recolour the selection (gradients, text, meshes, image pixels and pattern tiles included; each new colour keeps the model of the one it replaces) and the group, as one undo step → {changed}",
             has_doc,
             apply
         ),
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Reduce Colors",
             [],
             None,
-            "{colors?: n (rows; default: one per colour, with the tints of a global swatch in its row), method?: as recolor.apply, default scaleTints (picks each row's colour), preserve?: {white?: true, black?: true, grays?: false} (left out of the rows), limitTo?: as recolor.apply (new colours snap to it)} group the selection's colours into rows of similar colours (k-means in Lab, weighted by use) → {map: [{from: [keys, the row's colour first], to: key}], preserved: [keys], method}",
+            "{colors?: n (rows; default: one per colour, with the tints of a global swatch in its row), method?: as recolor.apply; default scaleTints (picks each row's colour), preserve?: {white?: true, black?: true, grays?: false} (left out of the rows), limitTo?: as recolor.apply (new colours snap to it)} group the selection's colours into rows of similar colours (k-means in Lab, weighted by use) → {map: [{from: [keys, the row's colour first], to: key}], preserved: [keys], method}",
             has_selection,
             reduce
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/select.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Cancel Key Object",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?: a selected top-level object (not a layer, a compound-path member or an object inside another selected object), one of two or more (the Selection tool: a click on one object of a selection of several; on the key again: no id)} the key object Align aligns to and Distribute Spacing spaces from; without `id` it cancels the key, as does a selection that holds only the key and objects inside it (one object, or a group key and its own members); any other id is an error that leaves the key as it was → {key} (the resulting key object, or null)",
+            "{id?: a selected top-level object (not a layer, a compound-path member or an object inside another selected object); one of two or more (the Selection tool: a click on one object of a selection of several; on the key again: no id)} the key object Align aligns to and Distribute Spacing spaces from; without `id` it cancels the key, as does a selection that holds only the key and objects inside it (one object, or a group key and its own members); any other id is an error that leaves the key as it was → {key} (the resulting key object, or null)",
             has_doc,
             key
         ),
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Select Anchors",
             [],
             None,
-            "{items: [{id, anchors}], mode?: \"set\"|\"add\"|\"toggle\"|\"subtract\" (set by default; add: true is mode add)}: toggle selects the anchors not selected and deselects the others, subtract deselects them; a path left with none leaves the selection",
+            "{items: [{id, anchors}], mode?: \"set\"|\"add\"|\"toggle\"|\"subtract\" (set by default; add: true is mode add), add?: bool (an older way to ask for mode add)}: toggle selects the anchors not selected and deselects the others, subtract deselects them; a path left with none leaves the selection",
             has_doc,
             anchors_many
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/shaper.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Shaper compositions are groups of generated fills/strokes with transparent, editable source
 //! art retained underneath. Recipes select topology regions; source edits re-evaluate them in
 //! the same undo transaction. Rendering and exporters only see ordinary groups and paths.
+use super::pathops::Beside;
 use super::*;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
@@ -380,7 +381,10 @@ pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
             ids.push(n.id)
         }
     });
-    for id in ids {
+    // Groups whose source art is all gone are removed through `emptied`, which is made when the
+    // first one is found.
+    let mut emptied: Option<Beside> = None;
+    for &id in &ids {
         let Some(current) = d.node(id).cloned() else { continue };
         let Some(old) = before.node(id) else { continue };
         let src = sources(&current);
@@ -395,7 +399,7 @@ pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
             continue;
         }
         if src.is_empty() {
-            d.remove(id)?;
+            emptied.get_or_insert_with(|| Beside::replacing(d, &ids)).put(d, id, vec![])?;
             continue;
         }
         let map = map_of(&src)?;
@@ -494,7 +498,7 @@ pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
             *ch = children;
         }
     }
-    Ok(())
+    emptied.map_or(Ok(()), |e| e.finish(d))
 }
 
 fn candidates(s: &Session, p: &Value, points: &[Point], tolerance: f64) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
@@ -670,9 +674,7 @@ fn scribble(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut group = Node::group(id, children);
         group.name = Some("Shaper Group".into());
         group.extras_mut().shaper = Some(Box::new(spec));
-        for id in &roots {
-            d.remove(*id)?;
-        }
+        d.remove_many(&roots)?;
         d.insert(parent, index.saturating_sub(earlier), group)?;
         sel.set([id]);
         Ok(id)

crates/engine/src/cmd/slices.rs

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Create from Selection",
             ["Object", "Slice"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} a user slice over the visual bounds of the selected objects (or ids), selected → {id}",
+            "{ids?|id?} a user slice over the visual bounds of the selected objects (or ids), selected → {id}",
             has_selection,
             from_selection
         ),
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Slice Options…",
             ["Object", "Slice"],
             None,
-            "{kind?: \"image\"|\"noImage\"|\"htmlText\" (object slices of type only), name?, url?, target?, message?, alt?: (image), text?: cell text, HTML allowed (noImage), background?: \"\"|\"matte\"|\"#rrggbb\", hAlign?: \"default\"|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\", vAlign?: \"default\"|\"top\"|\"middle\"|\"baseline\"|\"bottom\"} set the selected slices' options as one undo step; no options: read them → the first slice's {kind, name, url, target, message, alt, text, background, hAlign, vAlign, htmlText: whether HTML Text applies}",
+            "{kind?: \"image\"|\"noImage\"|\"htmlText\" (object slices of type only), name?, url?, target?, message?, alt?: (image), text?: cell text; HTML allowed (noImage), background?: \"\"|\"matte\"|\"#rrggbb\", hAlign?: \"default\"|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\", vAlign?: \"default\"|\"top\"|\"middle\"|\"baseline\"|\"bottom\"} set the selected slices' options as one undo step; no options: read them → the first slice's {kind, name, url, target, message, alt, text, background, hAlign, vAlign, htmlText: whether HTML Text applies}",
             slices_targeted,
             options
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/stroke.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Stroke Options",
             ["Window", "Stroke"],
             None,
-            "{weight?: pt, cap?: butt|round|square, join?: miter|round|bevel, miterLimit?, align?: center|inside|outside, dash?: [d,g,…]|null (a 0 dash with a round or projecting cap draws dots or squares; a new pattern keeps the current offset and alignment), dashOffset? (exact dashes only), alignDashes?: bool (true: dashes fitted to corners and path ends, every run between them holding whole periods with a dash centred on each corner and end; false, the default for a new pattern: exact lengths), startArrow?, endArrow?: Arrow|ArrowOpen|Barbed|Concave|DoubleArrow|HalfArrowLeft|HalfArrowRight|Chevron|Feather|Swallowtail|Triangle|TriangleOpen|TriangleReverse|TriangleBar|Kite|Leaf|Drop|Circle|CircleOpen|HalfCircle|Oval|Target|Square|SquareOpen|Tag|TagOpen|Diamond|DiamondOpen|Hexagon|HexagonOpen|Star|Cross|Plus|Bar|DoubleBar|DotOnBar|Slash|DoubleSlash|Bracket|Fork|null (HalfArrowLeft/Right: one barb, left or right of the direction the head points), arrowAlign?: \"extend\" (tip past the end point, default)|\"tip\" (tip on the end point; the stroke is shortened), profile?: \"uniform\"|\"lens\"|\"taperStart\"|\"taperEnd\"|\"pinch\"|\"teardrop\"|\"wave\"|a saved profile's name (stroke.widthProfile.list), item?: stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item if it is a stroke, else the top stroke, created when missing), ids?} Without a stroke item, type takes weight, cap, join, miterLimit and the dash options as its characters' stroke (every run; text.setRangeStyle `strokeOptions` styles a range), and images and symbol instances (also in groups) are left alone. With nothing selected (and no ids) they set up the next object drawn (appearance.newArt; weight always does)",
+            "{weight?: pt, cap?: butt|round|square, join?: miter|round|bevel, miterLimit?, align?: center|inside|outside, dash?: [d,g,…]|null (a 0 dash with a round or projecting cap draws dots or squares; a new pattern keeps the current offset and alignment), dashOffset? (exact dashes only), alignDashes?: bool (true: dashes fitted to corners and path ends, every run between them holding whole periods with a dash centred on each corner and end; false, the default for a new pattern: exact lengths), startArrow?, endArrow?: Arrow|ArrowOpen|Barbed|Concave|DoubleArrow|HalfArrowLeft|HalfArrowRight|Chevron|Feather|Swallowtail|Triangle|TriangleOpen|TriangleReverse|TriangleBar|Kite|Leaf|Drop|Circle|CircleOpen|HalfCircle|Oval|Target|Square|SquareOpen|Tag|TagOpen|Diamond|DiamondOpen|Hexagon|HexagonOpen|Star|Cross|Plus|Bar|DoubleBar|DotOnBar|Slash|DoubleSlash|Bracket|Fork|null (HalfArrowLeft/Right: one barb, left or right of the direction the head points), arrowAlign?: \"extend\" (tip past the end point, default)|\"tip\" (tip on the end point; the stroke is shortened), profile?: \"uniform\"|\"lens\"|\"taperStart\"|\"taperEnd\"|\"pinch\"|\"teardrop\"|\"wave\"|a saved profile's name (stroke.widthProfile.list), item?: stroke item index|null (omitted: the Appearance panel's active item if it is a stroke, else the top stroke, created when missing), ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} Without a stroke item, type takes weight, cap, join, miterLimit and the dash options as its characters' stroke (every run; text.setRangeStyle `strokeOptions` styles a range), and images and symbol instances (also in groups) are left alone. With nothing selected (and no ids) they set up the next object drawn (appearance.newArt; weight always does)",
             has_doc,
             stroke_set
         ),
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Stroke Options",
             [],
             None,
-            "{arrowScale?: [start %, end %], swapArrows?: bool, flipProfile?: \"along\"|\"across\", brush?: name|null, item?: stroke item index|null, ids?} Stroke panel extras (with nothing selected, all but brush set up the next object drawn)",
+            "{arrowScale?: [start %, end %], swapArrows?: bool, flipProfile?: \"along\"|\"across\", brush?: name|null, item?: stroke item index|null, ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} Stroke panel extras (with nothing selected, all but brush set up the next object drawn)",
             has_doc,
             stroke_advanced
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/style.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Apply Graphic Style",
             ["Window", "Graphic Styles"],
             None,
-            "{name, add?: bool, ids? (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} give the objects (default: the selection; a group or layer itself, its fills and strokes painting its members and its effects applying to them as one piece; target contents: the objects inside instead) the style's appearance, opacity, blend mode, isolate and knockout, and link them to it (placed gradients land at the same place relative to each object's bounds); add: true (Alt-click) adds its fills, strokes and effects on top of the existing appearance instead and unlinks. With nothing selected (and no ids) the next object drawn takes the style instead (see appearance.newArt) → {newArt: true}",
+            "{name, add?: bool, ids?|id? (layers too), target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} give the objects (default: the selection; a group or layer itself, its fills and strokes painting its members and its effects applying to them as one piece; target contents: the objects inside instead) the style's appearance, opacity, blend mode, isolate and knockout, and link them to it (placed gradients land at the same place relative to each object's bounds); add: true (Alt-click) adds its fills, strokes and effects on top of the existing appearance instead and unlinks. With nothing selected (and no ids) the next object drawn takes the style instead (see appearance.newArt) → {newArt: true}",
             has_doc,
             style_apply
         ),
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Break Link to Graphic Style",
             ["Window", "Graphic Styles"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} unlink the objects (default: the selection) from their graphic style; they keep their look",
+            "{ids?|id?, target?: \"object\"|\"contents\"} unlink the objects (default: the selection) from their graphic style; they keep their look",
             has_doc,
             style_break_link
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/swatch.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "New Swatch",
             ["Window", "Swatches"],
             None,
-            "{name?, color? | colors?: [colour] (one swatch each, in one undo step) | swatch? | gradient? | pattern?: name (default: the current fill), tint?: 0..100 (% of the global or spot `swatch`, or of the one the current fill links to), mode?: \"gray\"|\"rgb\"|\"hsb\"|\"lab\"|\"cmyk\"|\"web\" (convert the colour; lab: CIE L*a*b*, how spot colours are usually defined), global?, spot? (a spot colour, always global), group?: colour group name (solid colours only; default: ungrouped)} save a colour, gradient or pattern as a swatch. A tint of a global or spot colour (below 100%, without mode, global or spot) becomes a tint swatch, \"Name 40%\", linked to its base: it follows edits to the base and applies as that tint of it. Names are unique (\"Sky 2\"); a colour's default name is its values (\"C=10 M=20 Y=30 K=0\", \"R=255 G=128 B=0\", \"Gray K=40\", \"L=55 a=60 b=40\") → {name, names: [every new swatch]}",
+            "{name?, color? | colors?: [colour] (one swatch each, in one undo step) | swatch? | gradient? | pattern?: name (default: the current fill), tint?: 0..100 (% of the global or spot `swatch`, or of the one the current fill links to), mode?: \"gray\"|\"rgb\"|\"hsb\"|\"lab\"|\"cmyk\"|\"web\" (convert the colour; lab: CIE L*a*b*, how spot colours are usually defined), global?, spot? (a spot colour, always global), group?: colour group name (solid colours only; default: ungrouped), none?: true (the None paint), paint?: paint.setFill params, keepModel?: bool (as paint.setFill)} save a colour, gradient or pattern as a swatch. A tint of a global or spot colour (below 100%, without mode, global or spot) becomes a tint swatch, \"Name 40%\", linked to its base: it follows edits to the base and applies as that tint of it. Names are unique (\"Sky 2\"); a colour's default name is its values (\"C=10 M=20 Y=30 K=0\", \"R=255 G=128 B=0\", \"Gray K=40\", \"L=55 a=60 b=40\") → {name, names: [every new swatch]}",
             has_doc,
             swatch_new
         ),
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Swatch Options",
             ["Window", "Swatches"],
             None,
-            "{name, newName?, color? (e.g. {l, a, b} for a Lab colour), mode?: \"gray\"|\"rgb\"|\"hsb\"|\"lab\"|\"cmyk\"|\"web\" (convert the colour), global?, spot? (spot colours are always global), paint?: paint.setFill params ({color}, {gradient}, {swatch} or {pattern}) replacing the swatch's colour, gradient or pattern with one of the same kind} edit a swatch in any colour group, as one undo step. Fills, strokes, text, gradient stops and tint swatches linked to a global swatch take its new colour (at their own tint) and name; turning Global off unlinks them (they keep their colour). Colour, mode and spot apply to solid colours only; a tint swatch only takes a new name (edit its base) → {name, relinked: paints changed}",
+            "{name, newName?, color? (e.g. {l, a, b} for a Lab colour), mode?: \"gray\"|\"rgb\"|\"hsb\"|\"lab\"|\"cmyk\"|\"web\" (convert the colour), global?, spot? (spot colours are always global), paint?: paint.setFill params ({color}, {gradient}, {swatch} or {pattern}) replacing the swatch's colour; gradient or pattern with one of the same kind} edit a swatch in any colour group, as one undo step. Fills, strokes, text, gradient stops and tint swatches linked to a global swatch take its new colour (at their own tint) and name; turning Global off unlinks them (they keep their colour). Colour, mode and spot apply to solid colours only; a tint swatch only takes a new name (edit its base) → {name, relinked: paints changed}",
             has_doc,
             swatch_edit
         ),
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Merge Swatches",
             ["Window", "Swatches"],
             None,
-            "{names: [two or more solid-colour swatches]} keep the first (its name and colour) and delete the others; paints linked to them take its colour and link to it (or unlink when it isn't global), as one undo step → {name, merged: [deleted names], relinked}",
+            "{names: [two or more solid-colour swatches], name?: the merged swatch's name (one swatch kept)} keep the first (its name and colour) and delete the others; paints linked to them take its colour and link to it (or unlink when it isn't global), as one undo step → {name, merged: [deleted names], relinked}",
             has_doc,
             swatch_merge
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/tabs.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Set Tab Stops",
             ["Window", "Tabs"],
             None,
-            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte} replace the tab stops of the selected text (with a range: of the paragraphs it touches)",
+            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?|id?, start?: byte, end?: byte} replace the tab stops of the selected text (with a range: of the paragraphs it touches)",
             has_selection,
             set
         ),
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Tab Stops",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?, start?: byte} → {stops} of the first selected text object (its paragraph at `start`; default the first)",
+            "{ids?|id?, start?: byte} → {stops} of the first selected text object (its paragraph at `start`; default the first)",
             has_selection,
             get
         ),
-        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(
+        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?|id?, start?: byte, end?: byte}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(
             s,
             p,
             vec![],

crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area / Path Type",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, style?, color? (as text.create), fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent? (area: as text.areaOptions; default autoHeight when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on), placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create), leadingModel?, charAlign? (as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id}",
+            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, style?, color? (as text.create), fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent? (area: as text.areaOptions; default autoHeight when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on), placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create), leadingModel?, charAlign? (as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id, overflow?: [id] (the text doesn't fit; left out when it fits)}",
             has_doc,
             create_in_path
         ),
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Fit Headline",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} track the first line of area type so it fills the frame width → {ids, tracking}",
+            "{ids?|id?} track the first line of area type so it fills the frame width → {ids, tracking}",
             has_selection,
             fit_headline
         ),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Step Type",
             [],
             None,
-            "{attribute: \"size\"|\"leading\"|\"tracking\"|\"kerning\"|\"baselineShift\", by?: steps (1; negative steps down), id?, start?: byte, end?: byte} step type by the Preferences › Type increments (size and leading: typeSizeIncrement, pt; tracking and kerning: trackingIncrement, 1/1000 em; baseline shift: baselineShiftIncrement, pt), what the Type tool's Alt+arrows do (Cmd/Ctrl too: five steps; ←/→ kerning at the caret or tracking of the selection, ↑/↓ leading, Shift+↑/↓ baseline shift). The range of `id`, else the text the Type tool has selected (at a caret: kerning steps the character before it, leading its paragraph), else every selected type object → {ids}",
+            "{attribute: \"size\"|\"leading\"|\"tracking\"|\"kerning\"|\"baselineShift\", by?: steps (1; negative steps down), id?, start?: byte, end?: byte, ids?: [id…] (instead of id)} step type by the Preferences › Type increments (size and leading: typeSizeIncrement, pt; tracking and kerning: trackingIncrement, 1/1000 em; baseline shift: baselineShiftIncrement, pt), what the Type tool's Alt+arrows do (Cmd/Ctrl too: five steps; ←/→ kerning at the caret or tracking of the selection, ↑/↓ leading, Shift+↑/↓ baseline shift). The range of `id`, else the text the Type tool has selected (at a caret: kerning steps the character before it, leading its paragraph), else every selected type object → {ids}",
             has_doc,
             type_step
         ),
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ fn create_in_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         sel.set([id]);
         Ok(id)
     })?;
-    Ok(json!({"id": id.0}))
+    Ok(super::typecmd::with_overflow(s, &[id], json!({"id": id.0})))
 }
 
 /// What `type.step` changes.

crates/engine/src/cmd/textstyles.rs

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ macro_rules! style_cmds {
                 concat!($p, ".new"),
                 concat!("New ", $what, " Style"),
                 &["Window", "Type", $menu],
-                "{name?, attrs?: {…}} (default attrs: the selected text's) → {name}",
+                "{name?, attrs?: {…} (default: those of the selected text, or of text `id` at `start`), id?, start?: byte} → {name}",
                 |s, p| new(s, p, $kind),
                 true,
             ),
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ macro_rules! style_cmds {
                 concat!($p, ".apply"),
                 concat!("Apply ", $what, " Style"),
                 &[],
-                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id + start?/end? (a Type tool range: character styles style it, paragraph styles apply to the paragraphs it touches)} → {count}",
+                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id?, start?, end? (id with start and end: a Type tool range; character styles style it, paragraph styles apply to the paragraphs it touches)} → {count}",
                 |s, p| apply(s, p, $kind),
                 true,
             ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Set Text",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?|ids?, text} replace the contents of text objects (keeps the first run's style)",
+            "{id?|ids?, text} replace the contents of text objects (keeps the first run's style) → {ids, overflow?: [id…] (area type and type on a path whose text no longer fits; left out when all fits)}",
             has_doc,
             set_text
         ),
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area Type Options…",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt, verticalAlign?: top|center|bottom|justify, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?: 10..100} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (with fit autoHeight, Auto Size, the frame's height follows the text after every edit and height is ignored; setting the height by hand turns it off); fit shrinkText scales overflowing text down (size, leading, baseline shift) by the largest factor down to fitMinPercent % (default 50) that makes it fit (none given: query) → the first object's options, plus overflow (the text doesn't fit its frame) and fitScale (Shrink Text's factor, 1 unshrunk)",
+            "{ids?|id?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt, verticalAlign?: top|center|bottom|justify, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?: 10..100, …the keys of its own reply (it can be passed back; the values it only reports are ignored)} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (with fit autoHeight, Auto Size, the frame's height follows the text after every edit and height is ignored; setting the height by hand turns it off); fit shrinkText scales overflowing text down (size, leading, baseline shift) by the largest factor down to fitMinPercent % (default 50) that makes it fit (none given: query) → the first object's options, plus overflow (the text doesn't fit its frame) and fitScale (Shrink Text's factor, 1 unshrunk)",
             has_selection,
             area_options
         ),
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Fit Headline",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} track the first line of area type so it fills the frame width → {tracking}",
+            "{ids?|id?} track the first line of area type so it fills the frame width → {tracking}",
             has_selection,
             fit_headline
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType, start?: byte, end?: byte} (size/leading are document points after object scaling; with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text)",
+            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType, start?: byte, end?: byte} (size/leading are document points after object scaling; with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text) → {ids, overflow?: [id…] (area type and type on a path whose text no longer fits; left out when all fits)}",
             has_doc,
             set_style
         ),
@@ -203,6 +203,22 @@ pub(crate) fn refresh_bounds_of(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId]) {
     }
 }
 
+/// `result` with `overflow: [id…]`: the area type and type on a path among `ids` whose text
+/// doesn't fit (the red overflow "+"; its lines past the frame aren't drawn). Left out when all of
+/// it fits. The commands that make type or change what it holds answer with it, so the call that
+/// pushed text out of its frame says so itself.
+pub(crate) fn with_overflow(s: &Session, ids: &[NodeId], mut result: Value) -> Value {
+    let Ok(st) = s.doc() else { return result };
+    let db = vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global();
+    let fits = |t: &TextObject| matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Point) || !vectorcraft_text::layout(db, t).overflow;
+    let over = |id: &&NodeId| matches!(st.doc.node(**id).map(|n| &n.kind), Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) if !fits(t));
+    let over: Vec<u64> = ids.iter().filter(over).map(|i| i.0).collect();
+    if !over.is_empty() {
+        result["overflow"] = json!(over);
+    }
+    result
+}
+
 /// Text objects among `ids` and their descendants.
 fn text_ids(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Vec<NodeId> {
     let mut out = vec![];
@@ -373,7 +389,7 @@ fn set_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         }
         Ok(())
     })?;
-    Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
+    Ok(with_overflow(s, &ids, json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() })))
 }
 
 fn justify_param(v: &str) -> Option<Justify> {
@@ -501,7 +517,7 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         }
         Ok(())
     })?;
-    Ok(json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
+    Ok(with_overflow(s, &ids, json!({ "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() })))
 }
 
 /// Reshape area type's frame with `f` ([`TextObject::transform_area`],

crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Change Case",
             ["Type", "Change Case"],
             None,
-            "{case: \"upper\"|\"lower\"|\"title\"|\"sentence\", ids?} → {ids}",
+            "{case: \"upper\"|\"lower\"|\"title\"|\"sentence\", ids?|id?} → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             change_case
         ),
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Convert To Area Type",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} point type → area type framed by its current layout bounds → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?} point type → area type framed by its current layout bounds → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             to_area
         ),
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Convert To Point Type",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} area type → point type; soft line wraps become line breaks → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?} area type → point type; soft line wraps become line breaks → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             to_point
         ),
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Type on a Path Options…",
             ["Type", "Type on a Path"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, start?: 0..1, end?: 0..1|null, flip?: bool, effect?: rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity, alignToPath?: ascender|descender|center|baseline, spacing?: pt} set the selected type on a path's options: start and end place its start and end brackets as fractions of the path's length (end null: the end of the path, or once round a closed path), and flip then turns the type to the other side of its path (the path runs the other way, the brackets swap ends); none given: query → the first object's {start, end, flip: false, effect, alignToPath, spacing}",
+            "{ids?|id?, start?: 0..1, end?: 0..1|null, flip?: bool, effect?: rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity, alignToPath?: ascender|descender|center|baseline, spacing?: pt} set the selected type on a path's options: start and end place its start and end brackets as fractions of the path's length (end null: the end of the path, or once round a closed path), and flip then turns the type to the other side of its path (the path runs the other way, the brackets swap ends); none given: query → the first object's {start, end, flip: false, effect, alignToPath, spacing}",
             has_selection,
             path_options
         ),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Fill with Placeholder Text",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?} replace selected text with placeholder text (area type is filled to its frame) → {ids}",
+            "{ids?|id?} replace selected text with placeholder text (area type is filled to its frame) → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             fill_placeholder
         ),
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Insert Character",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{char: \"bullet\"|\"copyright\"|\"ellipsis\"|\"paragraph\"|\"registered\"|\"section\"|\"trademark\"|\"emDash\"|\"enDash\"|\"discretionaryHyphen\"|\"nonBreakingHyphen\"|\"doubleLeftQuote\"|\"doubleRightQuote\"|\"singleLeftQuote\"|\"singleRightQuote\"|\"emSpace\"|\"enSpace\"|\"hairSpace\"|\"sixthSpace\"|\"thinSpace\"|\"nonBreakingSpace\"|\"figureSpace\"|\"punctuationSpace\"|\"thirdSpace\"|\"quarterSpace\"|\"tab\"|\"forcedLineBreak\"|\"paragraphReturn\" | text: string} append to the selected text objects",
+            "{char: \"bullet\"|\"copyright\"|\"ellipsis\"|\"paragraph\"|\"registered\"|\"section\"|\"trademark\"|\"emDash\"|\"enDash\"|\"discretionaryHyphen\"|\"nonBreakingHyphen\"|\"doubleLeftQuote\"|\"doubleRightQuote\"|\"singleLeftQuote\"|\"singleRightQuote\"|\"emSpace\"|\"enSpace\"|\"hairSpace\"|\"sixthSpace\"|\"thinSpace\"|\"nonBreakingSpace\"|\"figureSpace\"|\"punctuationSpace\"|\"thirdSpace\"|\"quarterSpace\"|\"tab\"|\"forcedLineBreak\"|\"paragraphReturn\" | text: string, ids?|id?: object ids (default: the selection)} append to the selected text objects",
             has_selection,
             insert_char
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/webexport.rs

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Save for Web",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, preset?: a webExport.presets name (its settings, then these keys), format?: gif (default)|jpg|png8|png24, gif/png8: reduction?: perceptual|selective (default)|adaptive|web|blackWhite|gray, colors?: 128 (2–256), dither?: none|diffusion (default)|pattern|noise, ditherAmount?: 100, webSnap?: 0 (0–100 %: colours that close to a web-safe one become it), lossy?: 0 (0–100, gif), colorTable?: {locked?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (kept when reducing), transparent?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (become transparent), webShift?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (become web-safe), sort?: none|hue|luminance|popularity} (colours as the preview's colors[].source), transparency?: true (gif/png8/png24), matte?: white (default)|black|none|\"#rrggbb\" (what edges blend into; jpg and opaque png24: the background), interlaced?: false (gif/png8/png24), jpg: quality?: 60 (0–100), progressive?: false, optimized?: true, embedProfile?: false (sRGB profile), width?: px | height?: px | percent?: 100 (the image size, proportional; width wins over height, height over percent), antiAlias?: none|art (default)|type, clipToArtboard?: true (the artboard; false: the art and the slices), artboard?: 0 (0-based), convertToSrgb?: true (PNG files say they are sRGB), metadata?: none|copyright (default)|contact|all (File Info written as PNG text, a GIF or JPEG comment), slices?: all (default)|selected|none (one image per slice: images/<slice name>.<ext>), output?: images (default)|html (an HTML page placing the image or slices, <stem>.html)} → {path, files: [path…], bytes (total), width, height}; no path → {files: [{name, dataBase64}], bytes, width, height} (names such as page.html, images/page_01.gif). A single image without HTML is written at path itself",
+            "{path?, preset?: a webExport.presets name (its settings, then these keys), format?: gif (default)|jpg|png8|png24, reduction?: perceptual|selective (default)|adaptive|web|blackWhite|gray (gif/png8, as the next five), colors?: 128 (2–256), dither?: none|diffusion (default)|pattern|noise, ditherAmount?: 100, webSnap?: 0 (0–100 %: colours that close to a web-safe one become it), lossy?: 0 (0–100, gif), colorTable?: {locked?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (kept when reducing), transparent?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (become transparent), webShift?: [\"#rrggbb\"…] (become web-safe), sort?: none|hue|luminance|popularity} (colours as the preview's colors[].source), transparency?: true (gif/png8/png24), matte?: white (default)|black|none|\"#rrggbb\" (what edges blend into; jpg and opaque png24: the background), interlaced?: false (gif/png8/png24), quality?: 60 (jpg: 0–100), progressive?: false (jpg), optimized?: true (jpg), embedProfile?: false (jpg: sRGB profile), width?: px | height?: px | percent?: 100 (the image size, proportional; width wins over height, height over percent), antiAlias?: none|art (default)|type, clipToArtboard?: true (the artboard; false: the art and the slices), artboard?: 0 (0-based), convertToSrgb?: true (PNG files say they are sRGB), metadata?: none|copyright (default)|contact|all (File Info written as PNG text, a GIF or JPEG comment), slices?: all (default)|selected|none (one image per slice: images/<slice name>.<ext>), output?: images (default)|html (an HTML page placing the image or slices, <stem>.html)} → {path, files: [path…], bytes (total), width, height}; no path → {files: [{name, dataBase64}], bytes, width, height} (names such as page.html, images/page_01.gif). A single image without HTML is written at path itself",
             has_doc,
             export
         ),

crates/engine/src/lib.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use vectorcraft_tools::{PaintDefaults, Tool};
 pub use cmd::EyedropperOptions;
 pub use cmd::clipboard::Clipboard;
 pub use cmd::distortcmds::perspective_click;
+pub use cmd::params::{check_keys, check_params};
 pub use cmd::rasterfx::{export_pdf, flatten_raster_effects};
 pub use cmd::{CommandInfo, CommandSpec, command_specs, find_command};
 pub use journal::Journal;
@@ -217,6 +218,25 @@ pub struct Interaction {
     /// The perspective transform the previews make (`perspective.transform` params): Transform
     /// Again repeats it once the drag is committed.
     pub perspective_again: Option<Value>,
+    /// A transform with `copy` keeps the copies it made of the snapshot here ([`PreviewCopies`]).
+    pub(crate) copies: Option<Arc<PreviewCopies>>,
+}
+
+/// This holds the copies that a transform with `copy` made of an interaction's snapshot
+/// ([`cmd::object::apply_transform`]). A later transform with `copy` of the same objects, while
+/// the document is still that snapshot, starts from `doc` and transforms only the copies.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct PreviewCopies {
+    /// The copies were made from this snapshot.
+    pub(crate) from: Arc<Document>,
+    /// The transform copied these objects.
+    pub(crate) roots: Vec<NodeId>,
+    /// This is `from` with the copies added, untransformed.
+    pub(crate) doc: Arc<Document>,
+    /// This is the selection after copying, with the copies selected.
+    pub(crate) selection: Selection,
+    /// These are the copies' ids, in the order of `roots`.
+    pub(crate) ids: Vec<NodeId>,
 }
 
 /// An open undo group ([`Session::begin_undo_group`]): the edits made in it are one undo step.
@@ -1278,6 +1298,10 @@ impl Session {
     /// Execute a command by id. This is THE entry point for every frontend.
     pub fn execute(&mut self, id: &str, params: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let spec = find_command(id).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::UnknownCommand(id.to_string()))?;
+        // The crate's own tests are the audit of the params descriptions (#1442): a key a test
+        // passes that its command's description doesn't name fails the test.
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        cmd::params::check_params(id, params)?;
         // Clear's menu needs a selection; an agent supplying explicit targets only needs a
         // document. The command validates those targets before making any edit.
         let enabled = if id == "edit.clear" && params.get("ids").is_some() { cmd::has_doc(self) } else { (spec.enabled)(self) };
@@ -1496,6 +1520,7 @@ impl Session {
             variables_highlight: st.variables_highlight.clone(),
             isolation: st.isolation,
             perspective_again: None,
+            copies: None,
         });
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -1790,6 +1815,8 @@ mod tests_panelcmds;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_paragraphs;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_params;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_pathops;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_pathtype;

crates/engine/src/tests.rs

@@ -712,7 +712,10 @@ fn a_transform_that_moves_nothing_records_no_undo_step() {
         assert_eq!(history(&s), before, "{id} {p}");
         assert_eq!(s.journal.last().unwrap(), &(id.to_string(), p));
     }
-    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().last_transform, Some((Affine::IDENTITY, json!({"copy": false, "typeAreas": false, "patterns": false}))));
+    assert_eq!(
+        s.doc().unwrap().last_transform,
+        Some((Affine::IDENTITY, json!({"copy": false, "typeAreas": false, "patterns": false, "objects": true})))
+    );
     // A Nudge of 0 with an anchor of the rectangle direct-selected keeps it a live shape.
     let is_live = |s: &Session| matches!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(a).unwrap().kind, NodeKind::Path { live: Some(_), .. });
     assert!(is_live(&s), "a rectangle is a live shape");

crates/engine/src/tests_areafit.rs

@@ -240,3 +240,31 @@ fn auto_height_follows_the_leading_model_and_character_alignment() {
     };
     assert!(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t).overflow, "tight");
 }
+
+/// #1471: the commands that make type or change what it holds say which text no longer fits, so
+/// the call that pushed it out of its frame doesn't read as plain success.
+#[test]
+fn making_and_restyling_type_reports_its_overflow() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    // A headline in a frame lower than its line draws nothing.
+    let low = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 20, "text": "NEON DRIVE", "size": 60, "area": {"width": 400, "height": 60}})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(low["overflow"], json!([low["id"]]), "{low}");
+    // One that fits says nothing, nor does point type.
+    let fits = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 200, "text": "NEON DRIVE", "size": 60, "area": {"width": 400, "height": 90}})).unwrap();
+    assert!(fits.get("overflow").is_none(), "{fits}");
+    let point = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 400, "text": "NEON DRIVE", "size": 60})).unwrap();
+    assert!(point.get("overflow").is_none(), "{point}");
+    // Growing the type pushes it out; of the two restyled, only the area type is named.
+    let ids = json!([fits["id"], point["id"]]);
+    let grown = s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"ids": ids, "size": 96})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((&grown["ids"], &grown["overflow"]), (&ids, &json!([fits["id"]])), "{grown}");
+    let back = s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"ids": ids, "size": 60})).unwrap();
+    assert!(back.get("overflow").is_none(), "{back}");
+    // More words than the frame holds.
+    let long = s.execute("text.setText", &json!({"id": fits["id"], "text": STORY})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(long["overflow"], json!([fits["id"]]), "{long}");
+    // Type flowed into a path too small for it.
+    let frame = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 500, "y": 300, "width": 60, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+    let inside = s.execute("text.createInPath", &json!({"path": frame["id"], "mode": "area", "text": STORY, "size": 12, "fit": "none"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(inside["overflow"], json!([inside["id"]]), "{inside}");
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_brushsym.rs

@@ -398,6 +398,25 @@ fn new_symbol_replaces_selection_with_instance_of_same_bounds() {
     assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.symbols.len(), 1);
 }
 
+/// New Symbol given `ids` that list an object and then the group that holds it puts the instance
+/// where the group was and removes both, as removing one object at a time does.
+#[test]
+fn new_symbol_of_an_object_and_the_group_that_holds_it_keeps_order_and_ids() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let (a, b) = (rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0), rect(&mut s, 100.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0));
+    select(&mut s, &[a, b]);
+    let group = NodeId(s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let c = rect(&mut s, 200.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0);
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let r = s.execute("symbol.new", &json!({"name": "Pair", "ids": [a.0, group.0]})).unwrap();
+    let inst = NodeId(r["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let ids = |n: &Node| n.children().unwrap().iter().map(|c| c.id).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(ids(&s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0]), [inst, c]);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, [inst]);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(*s.doc().unwrap().doc == *before, "Undo gives back the document");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn place_and_break_link_round_trip_geometry() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_envelope.rs

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ fn enveloped_type_exports_distorted_in_every_format() {
 #[test]
 fn enveloped_type_keeps_each_runs_colour_on_the_canvas() {
     let mut s = session();
-    let t = id_of(&s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 100, "y": 200, "text": "MMMMMMMM", "size": 60, "fill": "#000000"})).unwrap());
+    let t = id_of(&s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 100, "y": 200, "text": "MMMMMMMM", "size": 60})).unwrap());
     s.edit("red half", |d, _| {
         if let NodeKind::Text(tx) = &mut d.node_mut(t).unwrap().kind {
             vectorcraft_text::edit::style_range(&mut tx.runs, 0, 4, |st| {

crates/engine/src/tests_flatten.rs

@@ -310,6 +310,23 @@ fn flatten_is_one_undo_step() {
     assert!(!exists(&s, a));
 }
 
+/// Flattening a document for export in which two objects have the same id (a damaged file)
+/// removes both objects and puts one group in their place.
+#[test]
+fn flattening_objects_that_share_an_id_removes_both() {
+    let _settings = settings_lock();
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rect(&mut s, 10.0, 10.0, 100.0, 100.0, "#ff0000");
+    let b = rect(&mut s, 60.0, 60.0, 100.0, 100.0, "#0000ff");
+    run(&mut s, "transparency.set", json!({"ids": [a, b], "opacity": 50}));
+    let mut doc = (*s.doc().unwrap().doc).clone();
+    doc.node_mut(NodeId(b)).unwrap().id = NodeId(a);
+    let flat = crate::cmd::flatten::flatten_document(&doc, &crate::cmd::FlattenOptions::default()).unwrap().unwrap();
+    let art = flat.layers[0].children().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(art.len(), 1, "one group where the two objects were");
+    assert!(matches!(art[0].kind, NodeKind::Group { .. }) && art[0].id != NodeId(a));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn objects_without_transparency_stay_unless_outlined() {
     let _settings = settings_lock();

crates/engine/src/tests_large_edits.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, LAYER_COLORS, LayerColor, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, Rect, shapes};
 use vectorcraft_tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind};
 
@@ -112,6 +112,28 @@ fn delete_of_100000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
     undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn delete_selection_of_100000_rows_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let s = session(100_000, square);
+    let (before, ids) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone(), layer(&s, 0));
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "layer.delete", json!({"ids": ids}));
+    assert_eq!(r["deleted"], json!(100_000));
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0).is_empty());
+    assert!(selected(&s, &[]));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn clean_up_of_100000_unpainted_paths_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let s = session(100_000, |d, k| Node::path(d.alloc_id(), shapes::rectangle(square_at(k)), Appearance::default()));
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "object.path.cleanUp", json!({}));
+    assert_eq!(r["removed"], json!(100_000));
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0).is_empty());
+    assert!(selected(&s, &[]));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn group_of_50000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
     let s = session(50_000, square);
@@ -184,6 +206,21 @@ fn transform_each_with_copy_of_50000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
     undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn offset_path_of_50000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let s = session(50_000, square);
+    let (before, ids, first) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone(), layer(&s, 0), s.doc().unwrap().doc.peek_next_id());
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "object.path.offsetPath", json!({"offset": 1}));
+    // Each offset path goes directly above its square and takes the next id, in the squares' order.
+    let offsets = ids_from(first, ids.len());
+    assert!(ids_in(&r) == offsets);
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0) == in_turn(&ids, &offsets), "each offset path directly above its square");
+    assert!(selected(&s, &offsets));
+    let grown = bounds(&s, offsets[1]);
+    assert!((grown.width() - 12.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (grown.x0 - 19.0).abs() < 1e-6, "{grown:?}");
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn compound_path_of_100000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
     let s = session(100_000, square);
@@ -211,6 +248,34 @@ fn send_to_current_layer_of_100000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
     undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn row_drag_of_100000_rows_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let mut s = session(100_000, square);
+    let ids = layer(&s, 0);
+    let to = NodeId(s.execute("layer.new", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "layer.move", json!({"ids": ids, "target": to}));
+    assert!(ids_in(&r) == ids);
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0).is_empty());
+    assert!(children(&s, to) == ids, "the layer holds the rows in their order");
+    assert!(selected(&s, &ids));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn merge_selected_of_100000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let mut s = session(100_000, square);
+    let (from, ids) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].id, layer(&s, 0));
+    let into = NodeId(s.execute("layer.new", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "layer.merge", json!({"ids": [from, into]}));
+    assert_eq!(r["id"], json!(into));
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(from).is_none(), "the emptied layer goes");
+    assert!(children(&s, into) == ids, "the layer holds the objects in their order");
+    assert!(selected(&s, &ids));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn ungroup_of_25000_groups_finishes_within_20_s() {
     // Each group holds two squares, and ungrouping one adds an object to the layer.
@@ -240,6 +305,45 @@ fn compound_path_release_of_25000_compound_paths_finishes_within_20_s() {
     undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn release_to_layers_of_100000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let s = session(100_000, square);
+    let doc = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    let (before, l, ids, first) = (doc.clone(), doc.layers[0].id, layer(&s, 0), doc.peek_next_id());
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "layer.releaseToLayers", json!({"id": l}));
+    // Each object goes into a sublayer of its own, in their order. The sublayers take the next ids,
+    // and with Layer 1 counted, sublayer k is named `Layer k + 2` and takes layer color k + 1,
+    // wrapping around after the last preset.
+    let subs = ids_from(first, ids.len());
+    assert!(ids_in(&r) == subs);
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0) == subs);
+    let doc = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    for (k, (sub, id)) in subs.iter().zip(&ids).enumerate() {
+        let n = doc.node(*sub).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(ids_of(n), [*id]);
+        assert_eq!(n.name.as_deref(), Some(format!("Layer {}", k + 2).as_str()));
+        assert!(matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Layer { color: LayerColor::Preset(c), .. } if usize::from(c) == (k + 1) % LAYER_COLORS.len()));
+    }
+    assert!(selected(&s, &ids));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn outline_stroke_of_25000_objects_finishes_within_20_s() {
+    let s = session(25_000, square);
+    let (before, first) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone(), s.doc().unwrap().doc.peek_next_id());
+    let (mut s, r) = run_soon(s, "object.path.outlineStroke", json!({}));
+    // Each square, filled and stroked, becomes a group of its fill and the outline of its stroke,
+    // where the square was, and the groups take new ids in the squares' order.
+    let groups = ids_in(&r);
+    assert_eq!(groups.len(), 25_000);
+    assert!(layer(&s, 0) == groups, "each group where its square was");
+    assert!(groups[0].0 >= first && groups.windows(2).all(|w| w[0] < w[1]));
+    assert!(groups.iter().all(|g| children(&s, *g).len() == 2));
+    assert!(selected(&s, &groups));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
 /// With Alt held, a Selection tool press on one of 30,000 selected squares, four moves of 20 pt
 /// and the release copy the squares once, as one undo step.
 #[test]
@@ -339,6 +443,193 @@ fn group_delete_and_duplicate_across_layers_and_inside_a_group_keep_order_and_id
     undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
 }
 
+/// After the Layers panel's Delete Selection, Duplicate Selection, row drags, Collect in New Layer
+/// and Merge Selected on rows in two layers and inside a group, the layers hold the rows and the
+/// new ones in the order, and with the ids, that each check lists, and Undo gives back the
+/// document.
+#[test]
+fn layers_panel_rows_across_layers_and_inside_a_group_keep_order_and_ids() {
+    let (mut s, [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, group]) = two_layers();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let (n, l1, l2) = (before.peek_next_id(), before.layers[0].id.0, before.layers[1].id.0);
+
+    let r = s.execute("layer.delete", &json!({"ids": [a, e, h]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["deleted"], 3);
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, c, [group, d, f]]), json!([g])]);
+    assert!(selected(&s, &[NodeId(c), NodeId(g)]));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Each copy goes directly above its row and takes the next id; a layer's copy is renamed.
+    let r = s.execute("layer.duplicate", &json!({"ids": [a, e, h]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 1, n + 2]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, n, b, c, [group, d, e, n + 1, f]]), json!([g, h, n + 2])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+    let r = s.execute("layer.duplicate", &json!({"ids": [l2]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f]]), json!([g, h]), json!([n + 1, n + 2])]);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[2].name.as_deref(), Some("Layer 2 copy"));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Rows are dragged below c, then above d in the group, and copies of rows are dragged above g.
+    let r = s.execute("layer.move", &json!({"ids": [a, e, h], "target": c, "place": "below"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([a, e, h]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, a, e, h, c, [group, d, f]]), json!([g])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+    s.execute("layer.move", &json!({"ids": [a, g], "target": d, "place": "above"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, c, [group, d, a, g, e, f]]), json!([h])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+    let r = s.execute("layer.move", &json!({"ids": [a, e], "target": g, "place": "above", "copy": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 1]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f]]), json!([g, n, n + 1, h])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // The new layer goes where the topmost row was when that row is in a layer, and on top of the
+    // layer holding the topmost row's group when it is in a group.
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("layer.collectInNew", &json!({"ids": [a, e, g]})).unwrap()["id"], json!(n));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, c, [group, d, f]]), json!([[n, a, e, g], h])]);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(n)).unwrap().name.as_deref(), Some("Layer 3"));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("layer.collectInNew", &json!({"ids": [a, e]})).unwrap()["id"], json!(n));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, c, [group, d, f], [n, a, e]]), json!([g, h])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Rows merge into the layer listed last, in the stacking order, and so does a merged layer's
+    // art.
+    s.execute("layer.merge", &json!({"ids": [e, g, l1]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, f], e, g]), json!([h])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+    s.execute("layer.merge", &json!({"ids": [l1, l2]})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f], g, h])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+/// Release to Layers (Sequence on a layer and on a group, Build on a layer) and Flatten Artwork
+/// leave the layers, sublayers and objects in the order, and with the ids and names, that each
+/// check lists, and Undo gives back the document.
+#[test]
+fn release_to_layers_and_flatten_artwork_keep_order_and_ids() {
+    let (mut s, [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, group]) = two_layers();
+    let l2 = s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[1].id.0;
+    // Layer 2 also holds a sublayer, on top of g and h.
+    let sub = s.execute("layer.newSublayer", &json!({"parent": l2})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let (n, l1) = (before.peek_next_id(), before.layers[0].id.0);
+    let names = |s: &Session, r: &Value| ids_in(r).iter().map(|id| s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(*id).unwrap().display_name()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    // A layer's objects go into sublayers of their own, below its sublayers.
+    let r = s.execute("layer.releaseToLayers", &json!({"id": l2})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 1]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f]]), json!([[n, g], [n + 1, h], [sub]])]);
+    assert_eq!(names(&s, &r), ["Layer 4", "Layer 5"]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Build: a sublayer holds copies of the objects below its own and a copy of its own, and the
+    // top one holds the objects.
+    let r = s.execute("layer.releaseToLayersBuild", &json!({"id": l2})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 2]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f]]), json!([[n, n + 1], [n + 2, g, h], [sub]])]);
+    assert_eq!(names(&s, &r), ["Layer 4", "Layer 5"]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // A group's objects go into sublayers of its layer, where the group was.
+    let r = s.execute("layer.releaseToLayers", &json!({"id": group})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 1, n + 2]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [n, d], [n + 1, e], [n + 2, f]]), json!([g, h, [sub]])]);
+    assert_eq!(names(&s, &r), ["Layer 4", "Layer 5", "Layer 6"]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Flatten Artwork into Layer 1 deletes the two hidden layers and keeps the template layer.
+    for p in [json!({"top": true, "visible": false}), json!({"top": true, "visible": false}), json!({"top": true, "template": true})] {
+        s.execute("layer.new", &p).unwrap();
+    }
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("layer.flatten", &json!({"id": l1})).unwrap()["discarded"], 2);
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, b, c, [group, d, e, f], g, h, [sub]]), json!([])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+/// Duplicate Artboard and `artboard.move` with `copy` and `moveArt` (the Artboard tool's Alt-drag
+/// with Move/Copy Artwork with Artboard on) put a copy of each object on the artboard directly
+/// above it, moved with the artboard's copy, and Cut Artboard removes those objects. An object off
+/// the artboard stays. The layers then hold the objects in the order, and with the ids, that each
+/// check lists, and Undo gives back the document.
+#[test]
+fn artboard_copies_and_cut_keep_order_and_ids() {
+    let (mut s, [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, group]) = two_layers();
+    let off = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 900, "y": 10, "width": 10, "height": 10})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("artboard.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let n = before.peek_next_id();
+    let copies = json!([n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, n + 7, n + 8]);
+    let copied = [json!([a, n, b, n + 1, c, n + 2, [group, d, e, f], [n + 3, n + 4, n + 5, n + 6]]), json!([g, n + 7, h, n + 8, off])];
+    // The copy of h, the last object on the artboard, sits where h sits, moved by `dx`.
+    let moved_by = |s: &Session, dx: f64| bounds(s, NodeId(n + 8)) == bounds(s, NodeId(h)) + vectorcraft_geom::Vec2::new(dx, 0.0);
+
+    // Duplicate Artboard places the copy 20 pt right of the last artboard.
+    let right = before.artboards.iter().map(|ab| ab.rect.x1).fold(f64::MIN, f64::max);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("artboard.duplicate", &json!({"index": 0, "art": true})).unwrap()["ids"], copies);
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), copied);
+    assert!(moved_by(&s, right + 20.0));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    let r = s.execute("artboard.move", &json!({"index": 0, "dx": 900, "dy": 0, "copy": true, "moveArt": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["moved"], copies);
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), copied);
+    assert!(moved_by(&s, 900.0));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("artboard.cut", &json!({"index": 0, "art": true})).unwrap()["copied"], 6);
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([]), json!([off])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
+/// After Offset Path, Outline Stroke, Unite and Clean Up of objects in two layers and inside a
+/// group, the layers hold the objects and the new ones in the order, and with the ids, that each
+/// check lists, and Undo gives back the document.
+#[test]
+fn path_commands_across_layers_and_inside_a_group_keep_order_and_ids() {
+    let (mut s, [a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, group]) = two_layers();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let n = before.peek_next_id();
+
+    let r = s.execute("object.path.offsetPath", &json!({"offset": 1})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, n + 4]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([a, n, b, c, n + 1, [group, d, e, n + 2, f]]), json!([g, n + 3, h, n + 4])]);
+    assert!(selected(&s, &ids_from(n, 5)));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // Each object becomes a group of its fill and the outline of its stroke, where it was.
+    let r = s.execute("object.path.outlineStroke", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let [a2, c2, e2, g2, h2] = <[NodeId; 5]>::try_from(ids_in(&r)).unwrap();
+    assert!(n <= a2.0 && a2 < c2 && c2 < e2 && e2 < g2 && g2 < h2);
+    assert_eq!(layer(&s, 0), [a2, NodeId(b), c2, NodeId(group)]);
+    assert_eq!(children(&s, NodeId(group)), [NodeId(d), e2, NodeId(f)]);
+    assert_eq!(layer(&s, 1), [g2, h2]);
+    assert!(selected(&s, &[a2, c2, e2, g2, h2]));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    // The result goes where the topmost object, h, was.
+    let r = s.execute("object.pathfinder.unite", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([n]));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s)[0], json!([b, [group, d, f]]));
+    assert_eq!(layer(&s, 1), [NodeId(n)]);
+    assert!(selected(&s, &[NodeId(n)]));
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+
+    s.edit("Paint nothing", |d, _| {
+        for id in [a, e, h] {
+            d.node_mut(NodeId(id)).unwrap().appearance = Appearance::default().into();
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let r = s.execute("object.path.cleanUp", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["removed"], json!(3));
+    assert_eq!(layers(&s), [json!([b, c, [group, d, f]]), json!([g])]);
+    undo_gives_back(&mut s, &before);
+}
+
 /// `object.transform` copies ids listed twice, and an object listed before a group around it.
 /// Each copy goes directly above its original, a later copy of the same object goes below an
 /// earlier one, and the copy of the group holds a copy of the copy made inside the group before it.

crates/engine/src/tests_live.rs

@@ -217,6 +217,35 @@ fn blend_release_restores_keys() {
     assert!(s.execute("object.blend.release", &json!({})).is_ok() || s.execute("object.blend.release", &json!({})).is_err());
 }
 
+/// Release Blend of a blend and of a blend inside a group that is a key object of the first puts
+/// the outer blend's spine and keys where it was, then the inner blend's spine and keys where it
+/// was inside that group, as releasing one blend at a time does.
+#[test]
+fn blend_release_of_a_blend_and_a_blend_inside_it_keeps_order_and_ids() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let (r1, r2) = (rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0), rect(&mut s, 100.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0));
+    sel(&mut s, &[r1, r2]);
+    let inner = id_of(&s.execute("object.blend.make", &json!({})).unwrap());
+    let r3 = rect(&mut s, 200.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0);
+    sel(&mut s, &[inner, r3]);
+    let group = id_of(&s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap());
+    let r4 = rect(&mut s, 400.0, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0);
+    sel(&mut s, &[group, r4]);
+    let outer = id_of(&s.execute("object.blend.make", &json!({})).unwrap());
+    sel(&mut s, &[outer, inner]);
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let n = before.peek_next_id();
+    let r = s.execute("object.blend.release", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["ids"], json!([group.0, r4.0, r1.0, r2.0]));
+    assert_eq!(r["spines"], json!([n, n + 1]));
+    let ids = |n: &Node| n.children().unwrap().iter().map(|c| c.id).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(ids(&s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0]), [NodeId(n), group, r4]);
+    assert_eq!(ids(&node(&s, group)), [NodeId(n + 1), r1, r2, r3]);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, [NodeId(n), NodeId(n + 1), group, r4, r1, r2]);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(*s.doc().unwrap().doc == *before, "Undo gives back the document");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn blend_expand_makes_group_with_unique_ids() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_menucmds.rs

@@ -1826,3 +1826,15 @@ fn crop_image_trim_cuts_to_the_opaque_pixels_as_they_are() {
     assert_eq!((r["trimmed"].as_bool(), r["width"].as_u64()), (Some(false), Some(30)), "{r}");
     assert_eq!(bounds(&s, img), b);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn crop_image_trim_leaves_a_cmyk_image_alone() {
+    // CMYK images keep their ink amounts and have no alpha: nothing to cut, and not an error.
+    let inks = vectorcraft_doc::cmyk::Inks::new(4, 2, [255, 0, 0, 0].repeat(8)).unwrap();
+    let tiff = vectorcraft_doc::ImageBlob::cmyk_tiff(&inks).unwrap();
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("document.open", &json!({"name": "inks.tif", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(&tiff.bytes)})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.all", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let r = s.execute("object.cropImage", &json!({"trim": true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((r["trimmed"].as_bool(), r["width"].as_u64(), r["height"].as_u64()), (Some(false), Some(4), Some(2)), "{r}");
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_opacitymask.rs

@@ -152,6 +152,30 @@ fn release_while_editing_leaves_editing_first() {
     assert!(mask(&s, obj).is_some() && doc(&s).mask_edit.is_some());
 }
 
+/// Releasing the masks of a group and of an object inside it puts each mask's art directly above
+/// its object, as releasing one mask at a time does.
+#[test]
+fn release_of_a_masked_group_and_a_masked_object_inside_it_keeps_order_and_ids() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let (a, m1) = (rect(&mut s, 0.0, 100.0), rect(&mut s, 0.0, 50.0));
+    s.execute("transparency.makeOpacityMask", &json!({"ids": [a.0, m1.0]})).unwrap();
+    let b = rect(&mut s, 150.0, 100.0);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+    let group = NodeId(s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let m2 = rect(&mut s, 0.0, 300.0);
+    s.execute("transparency.makeOpacityMask", &json!({"ids": [group.0, m2.0]})).unwrap();
+    let before = doc(&s).clone();
+    let n = before.peek_next_id();
+    s.execute("transparency.releaseOpacityMask", &json!({"ids": [group.0, a.0]})).unwrap();
+    let ids = |n: &vectorcraft_doc::Node| n.children().unwrap().iter().map(|c| c.id).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(ids(&doc(&s).layers[0]), [group, NodeId(n)]);
+    assert_eq!(ids(doc(&s).node(group).unwrap()), [a, NodeId(n + 1), b]);
+    assert!(mask(&s, group).is_none() && mask(&s, a).is_none());
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, [group, NodeId(n), a, NodeId(n + 1)]);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(*doc(&s) == before, "Undo gives back the document");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn one_object_gets_an_empty_mask_drawn_in_editing_mode() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_params.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+//! The params descriptions name the keys their commands accept (#1442).
+
+use serde_json::json;
+
+use crate::cmd::params::{UNCHECKED, check_keys, check_params, doc_keys};
+use crate::{EngineError, Session, command_specs, find_command};
+
+fn keys(doc: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+    doc_keys(doc).unwrap().keys
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_description_names_its_keys() {
+    assert_eq!(keys("{} → {id}"), Vec::<&str>::new());
+    assert_eq!(
+        keys("{x, y, width?: pt=612|\"210 mm\", sides=6, name?|title?: a name (default: Untitled-N)} → {index}"),
+        ["x", "y", "width", "sides", "name", "title"]
+    );
+    // Brackets, quotes and backticks keep their commas and bars; a nested object isn't listed.
+    assert_eq!(
+        keys("{at: [x, y] (page, not view), stops: [{position: pt, leader?: \", \"}], csv?: a `|, ` in a label is a break, on?: bool}"),
+        ["at", "stops", "csv", "on"]
+    );
+    // Alternatives after a note are keys when they have their own `?` or `:`; else values.
+    assert_eq!(
+        keys("{steps?: n | distance?: pt | smooth?: bool, spacing?: smooth|steps|distance, path? | data?: text | dataBase64?}"),
+        ["steps", "distance", "smooth", "spacing", "path", "data", "dataBase64"]
+    );
+    let more = doc_keys("{name, …settings as file.new, …the format's options}").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((more.keys, more.more), (vec!["name"], vec!["settings as file.new", "the format's options"]));
+    for bad in ["same as paint.setFill", "{a, b", "{opacity? 0..1}", "{path | name+dataBase64}", "{kind?: Group, Path or Type}"] {
+        assert!(doc_keys(bad).is_err(), "{bad}");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Every command's description reads as a params object, so none is left unchecked by accident.
+#[test]
+fn every_description_parses() {
+    let bad: Vec<String> = command_specs().iter().filter_map(|c| doc_keys(c.params).err().map(|e| format!("{}: {e}", c.id))).collect();
+    assert!(bad.is_empty(), "{} descriptions don't parse:\n{}", bad.len(), bad.join("\n"));
+    let stale: Vec<_> = UNCHECKED.iter().filter(|id| find_command(id).is_none()).collect();
+    assert!(stale.is_empty() && UNCHECKED.is_sorted(), "UNCHECKED: sorted ids of commands; not commands: {stale:?}");
+}
+
+fn refusal(id: &str, params: serde_json::Value) -> String {
+    match check_params(id, &params) {
+        Err(EngineError::BadParams { cmd, msg }) if cmd == id => msg,
+        other => panic!("{id} {params}: {other:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn an_unknown_key_is_named_with_the_nearest_accepted_one() {
+    assert_eq!(refusal("file.new", json!({"widht": 300})), "unknown parameter `widht`; did you mean `width`?");
+    assert_eq!(refusal("file.new", json!({"Width": 300})), "unknown parameter `Width`; did you mean `width`?");
+    assert_eq!(refusal("select.all", json!({"zzz": 1})), "unknown parameter `zzz`; the command takes no parameters");
+    assert_eq!(
+        refusal("shape.line", json!({"x1": 0, "y1": 0, "x2": 5, "y2": 5, "colour": "red"})),
+        "unknown parameter `colour`; the command takes: x1, y1, x2, y2"
+    );
+    for (id, ok) in [
+        ("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "title": "a", "artboardLayout": {"anything": 1}})),
+        ("file.new", json!({})),
+        ("file.new", json!(null)),
+        // Keys listed by reference, and any key where the description says so.
+        ("file.newPresets.save", json!({"name": "a", "width": 300})),
+        ("document.export", json!({"format": "png", "anyFormatOption": 1})),
+        // Not a command: running it says so.
+        ("no.such", json!({"x": 1})),
+    ] {
+        assert!(check_params(id, &ok).is_ok(), "{id} {ok}");
+    }
+    assert!(check_keys("x", "{a, …as file.new}", &json!({"a": 1, "width": 2})).is_ok());
+    assert!(check_keys("x", "{a, …as file.new}", &json!({"b": 1})).is_err());
+}
+
+/// A command that takes the keys of one that isn't checked yet isn't checked either.
+#[test]
+fn a_reference_to_an_unchecked_command_is_unchecked() {
+    assert!(UNCHECKED.contains(&"paint.setFill") && !UNCHECKED.contains(&"paint.setStroke"), "pick another pair");
+    assert!(check_params("paint.setStroke", &json!({"zzz": 1})).is_ok());
+    assert!(check_keys("x", "{a, …as paint.setFill}", &json!({"zzz": 1})).is_ok());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_batch_checks_its_steps() {
+    let step = |params| json!({"commands": [{"command": "select.all"}, {"command": "file.new", "params": params}]});
+    assert!(check_params("command.batch", &step(json!({"width": 300}))).is_ok());
+    match check_params("command.batch", &step(json!({"widht": 300}))) {
+        Err(EngineError::BadParams { cmd, msg }) => {
+            assert_eq!((cmd.as_str(), msg.as_str()), ("file.new", "unknown parameter `widht`; did you mean `width`?"))
+        }
+        other => panic!("{other:?}"),
+    }
+    assert_eq!(refusal("command.batch", json!({"steps": []})), "unknown parameter `steps`; the command takes: label, commands, artboard");
+}
+
+/// What a command notes for its journal entry is a key its description names, so the entry
+/// passes the check a caller's params get.
+#[test]
+fn journal_entries_pass_the_check() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 40})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.all", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 150})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 100, "text": "a"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.journal.iter().count() >= 5);
+    for (id, params) in s.journal.iter() {
+        assert!(check_params(id, params).is_ok(), "{id} {params}");
+    }
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_pathops.rs

@@ -191,6 +191,20 @@ fn pathfinder_undo_restores() {
     assert!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.contains(a) && s.doc().unwrap().selection.contains(b));
 }
 
+/// #1450: a group selected alone gives the shape modes its members to work on.
+#[test]
+fn a_group_selected_alone_is_combined_member_by_member() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 20.0, 20.0);
+    let b = rect(&mut s, 10.0, 0.0, 20.0, 20.0);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.len(), 1);
+    let id = s.execute("object.pathfinder.minusFront", &json!({})).unwrap()["ids"][0].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let bounds = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().geometric_bounds().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((bounds.x0, bounds.x1), (0.0, 10.0), "the back member less the front one");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn unite_with_group() {
     let mut s = session();
@@ -634,6 +648,60 @@ fn split_into_grid_cells() {
     assert!(s.execute("object.path.splitIntoGrid", &json!({"rows": 0})).is_err());
 }
 
+/// Split Into Grid's documented options: a gutter for the rows and one for the columns, the size
+/// of each row and column or of the whole grid, and guides along the row and column edges. Several
+/// selected paths give one grid over them all, painted as the topmost one, where it was.
+#[test]
+fn split_into_grid_options() {
+    let grid = |p: Value| {
+        let mut s = session();
+        rect(&mut s, 10.0, 20.0, 110.0, 50.0);
+        let r = s.execute("object.path.splitIntoGrid", &p).unwrap();
+        let cells: Vec<Rect> = ids(&r).iter().map(|id| bounds(&s, *id)).collect();
+        let guides: Vec<(bool, f64)> = s.doc().unwrap().doc.guides.iter().map(|g| (g.vertical, g.pos)).collect();
+        assert_eq!(r["guides"], guides.len());
+        (cells, guides)
+    };
+    // A gutter each way; the grid keeps the path's size.
+    let (cells, guides) = grid(json!({"rows": 2, "columns": 3, "rowGutter": 10, "columnGutter": 4}));
+    assert!(close(cells[0], Rect::new(10.0, 20.0, 44.0, 40.0), 1e-9) && close(cells[5], Rect::new(86.0, 50.0, 120.0, 70.0), 1e-9), "{cells:?}");
+    assert!(guides.is_empty());
+    // The whole grid's size, from the path's top left corner.
+    let (cells, _) = grid(json!({"rows": 1, "columns": 2, "gutter": 0, "totalWidth": 60, "totalHeight": "1 in"}));
+    assert!(close(cells[1], Rect::new(40.0, 20.0, 70.0, 92.0), 1e-9), "{cells:?}");
+    // The size of each row and column makes the total, whatever total is given.
+    let (cells, guides) = grid(json!({"rows": 2, "columns": 2, "gutter": 5, "width": 20, "height": 10, "totalWidth": 500, "addGuides": true}));
+    assert!(close(cells[3], Rect::new(35.0, 35.0, 55.0, 45.0), 1e-9), "{cells:?}");
+    let edges = |vertical, at: [f64; 4]| at.map(|pos| (vertical, pos));
+    assert_eq!(guides, [edges(true, [10.0, 30.0, 35.0, 55.0]), edges(false, [20.0, 30.0, 35.0, 45.0])].concat());
+    // Without a gutter the rows share their edges: one guide for each.
+    let (_, guides) = grid(json!({"rows": 2, "columns": 1, "gutter": 0, "addGuides": true}));
+    assert_eq!(guides, [(true, 10.0), (true, 120.0), (false, 20.0), (false, 45.0), (false, 70.0)]);
+
+    let mut s = session();
+    let back = rect(&mut s, 0.0, 0.0, 40.0, 40.0);
+    let kept = rect(&mut s, 300.0, 300.0, 10.0, 10.0);
+    let front = rect(&mut s, 60.0, 20.0, 40.0, 40.0);
+    set_fill(&mut s, front, Color::rgb(0.1, 0.6, 0.3));
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [front.0, back.0]})).unwrap();
+    let undo = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    let r = ids(&s.execute("object.path.splitIntoGrid", &json!({"rows": 1, "columns": 2, "gutter": 20, "addGuides": true})).unwrap());
+    assert!(close(bounds(&s, r[0]), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 40.0, 60.0), 1e-9) && close(bounds(&s, r[1]), Rect::new(60.0, 0.0, 100.0, 60.0), 1e-9));
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap();
+    assert!(r.iter().all(|id| node(&s, *id).appearance == node(&s, r[0]).appearance) && st.doc.node(back).is_none() && st.doc.node(front).is_none());
+    assert_eq!(st.doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().iter().map(|n| n.id).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [kept, r[0], r[1]], "above the path left alone");
+    assert_eq!(st.selection.objects, r);
+    assert!(st.doc.guides.iter().all(|g| g.layer == Some(st.doc.layers[0].id)));
+    assert_eq!(st.history.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap();
+    assert!(st.doc.node(back).is_some() && st.doc.node(front).is_some() && st.doc.guides.is_empty());
+    // A grid with no room for its gutters is refused and changes nothing.
+    assert!(s.execute("object.path.splitIntoGrid", &json!({"columns": 4, "gutter": 50})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.execute("object.path.splitIntoGrid", &json!({"width": -5})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(back).is_some());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn clean_up_removes_junk() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_pattern.rs

@@ -205,6 +205,45 @@ fn transform_patterns_only_moves_placement() {
     assert_eq!(xf.as_coeffs(), [2.0, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0, 5.0, 0.0]);
 }
 
+/// #1448, #1460: with Transform Objects off, the transform commands leave the art where it is and
+/// move only its pattern tiles (Transform Patterns on), or nothing at all; Transform Again repeats
+/// that.
+#[test]
+fn transforms_without_transform_objects_move_only_the_pattern() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    make_dots(&mut s);
+    let big = rect(&mut s, 100.0, 100.0, 50.0, 50.0);
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"ids": [big.0], "swatch": "Dots"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [big.0]})).unwrap();
+    let before = node(&s, big).geometric_bounds();
+    let tiles = |s: &Session| {
+        let n = node(s, big);
+        let Paint::Pattern { xf, .. } = n.appearance.fill_paint() else { panic!() };
+        xf.as_coeffs()
+    };
+    for (cmd, p, want) in [
+        ("object.move", json!({"dx": 5, "dy": 0}), [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 5.0, 0.0]),
+        ("object.transformAgain", json!({}), [1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 10.0, 0.0]),
+        ("object.reflect", json!({"axis": "vertical", "origin": [0, 0]}), [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -10.0, 0.0]),
+        ("object.transformEach", json!({"moveH": 10, "reference": 0}), [-1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]),
+    ] {
+        // Transform Again repeats the move as it was made, options included.
+        if cmd != "object.transformAgain" {
+            let mut off = p.clone();
+            off["objects"] = json!(false);
+            off["patterns"] = json!(false);
+            s.execute(cmd, &off).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(node(&s, big).geometric_bounds(), before, "{cmd}: neither transforms");
+            off["patterns"] = json!(true);
+            s.execute(cmd, &off).unwrap();
+        } else {
+            s.execute(cmd, &p).unwrap();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(node(&s, big).geometric_bounds(), before, "{cmd}");
+        assert_eq!(tiles(&s), want, "{cmd}");
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn list_reports_patterns_and_edit_state() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/tests_shaper.rs

@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ fn shaper_source_move_resize_native_roundtrip_and_release_preserve_live_art() {
     let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
     let b = rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
     let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
-    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[a.0],"dx":20,"dy":10})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"dx":20,"dy":10})).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 30.0, 15.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
     assert_eq!(node(&s, a).geometric_bounds().unwrap().x0, 20.0);
     s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids":[a.0]})).unwrap();
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ fn shaper_face_paint_survives_source_edits_and_expand_discards_only_sources() {
     let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
     s.execute("shaper.select", &json!({"point":[75,50]})).unwrap();
     s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":"#00ff00"})).unwrap();
-    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[a.0],"dx":5,"dy":0})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"dx":5,"dy":0})).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#00ff00"));
     s.execute("shaper.expand", &json!({"id":g.0})).unwrap();
     assert!(node(&s, g).extras().shaper.is_none());
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ fn shaper_joined_outline_keeps_its_stroke_paint_after_source_edits() {
     assert!(outlines[0].path_data().unwrap().subpaths[0].closed);
     let outline = outlines[0].id;
     s.execute("paint.setStroke", &json!({"color":"#00ff00","ids":[outline.0]})).unwrap();
-    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[ids[0].0],"dx":10,"dy":0})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"dx":10,"dy":0})).unwrap();
     let outlines: Vec<_> =
         node(&s, g).children().unwrap().iter().filter(|n| n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX))).collect();
     assert_eq!(outlines.len(), 1);

crates/engine/src/tests_xform.rs

@@ -73,6 +73,182 @@ fn rotate_tool_alt_release_copies() {
     assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().len(), 2);
 }
 
+/// Returns a session with a group of two rectangles and a rectangle to its right, both selected.
+fn group_and_rect() -> Session {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rect(&mut s, 100.0, 100.0, 40.0, 40.0);
+    let b = rect(&mut s, 160.0, 100.0, 40.0, 40.0);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a.0, b.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.group", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    rect(&mut s, 220.0, 100.0, 40.0, 40.0);
+    s.execute("select.all", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+/// Sends `kind` at `(x, y)` to the active tool, with Alt held when `alt` is set.
+fn drag_at(s: &mut Session, kind: PointerKind, (x, y): (f64, f64), alt: bool) {
+    let mods = Mods { alt, ..Mods::default() };
+    s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, x, y).with_mods(mods), ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+}
+
+/// Returns the command and params of the interaction's last preview.
+fn previewed(s: &Session) -> (String, Value) {
+    s.doc().unwrap().interaction.as_ref().and_then(|it| it.preview.clone()).unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Returns the document and the selected objects that `cmd` with `params` gives on a new
+/// [`group_and_rect`] session, after `first` when it is given.
+fn on_a_new_session(first: Option<(&str, &Value)>, cmd: &str, params: &Value) -> (Document, Vec<NodeId>) {
+    let mut t = group_and_rect();
+    if let Some((c, p)) = first {
+        t.execute(c, p).unwrap();
+    }
+    t.execute(cmd, params).unwrap();
+    let st = t.doc().unwrap();
+    (Document::clone(&st.doc), st.selection.objects.clone())
+}
+
+/// Returns true when the active document and its selected objects are `want`.
+fn shows(s: &Session, want: &(Document, Vec<NodeId>)) -> bool {
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap();
+    *st.doc == want.0 && st.selection.objects == want.1
+}
+
+/// An Alt-drag with the Selection tool or the Rotate tool copies the selection on its first move,
+/// and the moves after it transform those copies: the interaction keeps them, made once, until
+/// the drag ends. The Move dialog's Preview with Copy previews `object.move` with `copy` in the
+/// same way.
+#[test]
+fn an_alt_drag_copies_the_selection_once() {
+    let kept = |s: &Session| s.doc().unwrap().interaction.as_ref().and_then(|it| it.copies.clone());
+    for (tool, [press, moves @ ..]) in [
+        ("selection", [(120.0, 120.0), (140.0, 120.0), (160.0, 120.0), (180.0, 120.0)]),
+        ("rotate", [(300.0, 120.0), (300.0, 140.0), (300.0, 160.0), (300.0, 180.0)]),
+    ] {
+        let mut s = group_and_rect();
+        s.select_tool(tool, ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+        drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, press, true);
+        let mut first = None;
+        for at in moves {
+            drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, at, true);
+            let k = kept(&s).unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{tool}: the move to {at:?} keeps its copies"));
+            assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(first.get_or_insert_with(|| k.clone()), &k), "{tool}: the move to {at:?} transforms the first move's copies");
+        }
+        drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Up, moves[2], true);
+        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().interaction.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().len(), 4, "{tool}: the objects and their copies");
+    }
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    s.begin_interaction("Move").unwrap();
+    s.preview("object.move", &json!({"dx": 10, "dy": 0, "copy": true})).unwrap();
+    let first = kept(&s).expect("the first preview keeps its copies");
+    s.preview("object.move", &json!({"dx": 20, "dy": 0, "copy": true})).unwrap();
+    assert!(kept(&s).is_some_and(|k| Arc::ptr_eq(&k, &first)), "the second preview transforms the first one's copies");
+}
+
+/// Each move of an Alt-drag with the Selection tool leaves the document and the selected copies
+/// that one `object.transform` with `copy` and that move's matrix gives, with the same ids on every
+/// move; the release keeps the last move as one undo step named Copy.
+#[test]
+fn each_move_of_an_alt_drag_gives_what_one_transform_with_copy_gives() {
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    let (before, undo) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone(), undo_len(&s));
+    s.select_tool("selection", ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, (120.0, 120.0), true);
+    let mut copies = None;
+    for x in [140.0, 160.0, 125.0, 190.0] {
+        drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (x, 120.0), true);
+        let (cmd, params) = previewed(&s);
+        assert!(params["copy"] == json!(true), "{params}");
+        assert!(shows(&s, &on_a_new_session(None, &cmd, &params)), "the move to {x}");
+        let ids = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.clone();
+        let first = copies.get_or_insert_with(|| ids.clone());
+        assert_eq!(*first, ids, "the copies keep their ids");
+    }
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Up, (190.0, 120.0), true);
+    let (cmd, params) = s.journal.last().cloned().unwrap();
+    assert!(shows(&s, &on_a_new_session(None, &cmd, &params)));
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), undo + 1);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.last().map(|e| e.label.as_str()), Some("Copy"));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(*s.doc().unwrap().doc == *before, "Undo gives back the document");
+}
+
+/// While Alt is released during a drag, the previews move the selected objects themselves; once Alt
+/// is pressed again, they copy the objects again, with the ids of the first copies. The release
+/// names the undo step for the last move.
+#[test]
+fn releasing_alt_during_a_drag_moves_the_objects_themselves() {
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    let originals = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.clone();
+    s.select_tool("selection", ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, (120.0, 120.0), true);
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (140.0, 120.0), true);
+    let copies = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.clone();
+    for (x, alt) in [(160.0, false), (180.0, true), (200.0, false)] {
+        drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (x, 120.0), alt);
+        let (cmd, params) = previewed(&s);
+        assert!(params["copy"] == json!(alt), "{params}");
+        assert!(shows(&s, &on_a_new_session(None, &cmd, &params)), "the move to {x}, Alt: {alt}");
+        let selected = if alt { &copies } else { &originals };
+        assert_eq!(&s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, selected);
+    }
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Up, (200.0, 120.0), false);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().len(), 2, "no copies");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.last().map(|e| e.label.as_str()), Some("Move"));
+}
+
+/// A transform with `copy` of the objects selected when an Alt-drag started, run while the drag is
+/// open after its first move, copies the document as that move left it: the move's copies stay,
+/// and new copies go directly above the objects.
+#[test]
+fn a_copy_run_during_an_alt_drag_copies_the_document_as_the_move_left_it() {
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    let ids: Vec<u64> = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect();
+    s.select_tool("selection", ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, (120.0, 120.0), true);
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (140.0, 120.0), true);
+    let (cmd, params) = previewed(&s);
+    let again = json!({"matrix": [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 60], "copy": true, "ids": ids});
+    s.execute("object.transform", &again).unwrap();
+    assert!(shows(&s, &on_a_new_session(Some((&cmd, &params)), "object.transform", &again)));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().len(), 6, "the objects and two copies of each");
+}
+
+/// A command that changes the drag's snapshot during an Alt-drag (showing the perspective grid)
+/// keeps its change in the moves after it, which copy the changed snapshot.
+#[test]
+fn a_grid_shown_during_an_alt_drag_stays_shown_in_the_moves_after_it() {
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    s.select_tool("selection", ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, (120.0, 120.0), true);
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (140.0, 120.0), true);
+    let show = json!({"visible": true});
+    s.execute("perspective.grid.show", &show).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (160.0, 120.0), true);
+    let (cmd, params) = previewed(&s);
+    assert!(shows(&s, &on_a_new_session(Some(("perspective.grid.show", &show)), &cmd, &params)));
+}
+
+/// Canceling an Alt-drag after a few moves puts back the document and the selection it started
+/// from, with no undo step, and it ends the interaction, which held the copies.
+#[test]
+fn canceling_an_alt_drag_leaves_the_document_as_it_was() {
+    let mut s = group_and_rect();
+    let (before, selection, undo) = (s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone(), s.doc().unwrap().selection.clone(), undo_len(&s));
+    s.select_tool("selection", ViewInfo::default()).unwrap();
+    drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Down, (120.0, 120.0), true);
+    for x in [140.0, 160.0, 180.0] {
+        drag_at(&mut s, PointerKind::Drag, (x, 120.0), true);
+    }
+    s.cancel_interaction().unwrap();
+    let st = s.doc().unwrap();
+    assert!(Arc::ptr_eq(&st.doc, &before), "the document it started from");
+    assert_eq!(st.selection, selection);
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), undo);
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().interaction.is_none());
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn rotate_tool_alt_click_requests_dialog() {
     let mut s = session();

crates/engine/tests/param_keys.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//! A caller's params are checked against the command's description, but a journal replays as it
+//! was recorded (#1442).
+#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic)]
+
+use serde_json::json;
+use vectorcraft_engine::{Session, check_params};
+
+/// `Session::execute` takes what it is given: the journal of an older version, an action recorded
+/// with a key a command no longer reads, still plays. The check is the caller's.
+#[test]
+fn a_journal_with_a_key_no_longer_read_still_replays() {
+    let old = [
+        ("file.new", json!({"width": 300, "height": 200, "widht": 1})),
+        ("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 40, "cornerStyle": "round"})),
+    ];
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    for (id, params) in &old {
+        assert!(check_params(id, params).is_err(), "{id}");
+        s.execute(id, params).unwrap();
+    }
+    let st = s.active().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((st.doc.artboards[0].rect.width(), st.doc.layers[0].children().unwrap().len()), (300.0, 1));
+}
+
+/// What a command adds to its own journal entry passes the check, so a recorded journal can be
+/// sent back through the control channel or MCP.
+#[test]
+fn a_recorded_journal_passes_the_check() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 50, "height": 40})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.all", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.scale", &json!({"sx": 150})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("command.batch", &json!({"commands": [{"command": "object.move", "params": {"dx": 5, "dy": 0}}, {"command": "edit.copy"}]})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.journal.iter().count() >= 4);
+    for (id, params) in s.journal.iter() {
+        check_params(id, params).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("{id} {params}: {e}"));
+    }
+}

crates/mcp/src/headless.rs

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ const HOST_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[
     (
         "file.save",
         "Save",
-        "{path?, format?, options?, svg?: {…SVG options}} = document.save: .vectorcraft, .ai (a PDF that reopens editable), .pdf, .svg or .svgz (default: the document's own path and format)",
+        "{…as document.save} = document.save {path?, format?, options?, svg?: {…SVG options}}: .vectorcraft, .ai (a PDF that reopens editable), .pdf, .svg or .svgz (default: the document's own path and format)",
     ),
-    ("file.export", "Export…", "{path?, format?, artboard?, range?, scale?, …} = document.export (no path → dataBase64)"),
+    ("file.export", "Export…", "{…as document.export} = document.export {path?, format?, artboard?, range?, scale?, …} (no path → dataBase64)"),
     (
         "file.exportForScreens",
         "Export for Screens…",
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ const HOST_COMMANDS: &[(&str, &str, &str)] = &[
     (
         "tool.setOption",
         "Tool Option",
-        "{key, value} | {values: {key: value…}}, tool?: id (default: the active tool) → the tool's options (`{}` reads them); kept options last across tool switches",
+        "{key?, value? | values?: {key: value…}, tool?: id (default: the active tool)} → the tool's options (`{}` reads them); kept options last across tool switches",
     ),
 ];
 
@@ -125,6 +125,12 @@ impl Headless {
     }
 
     fn exec(&mut self, id: &str, params: &Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
+        // A key the command's description doesn't name is an error, not a default (#1442).
+        match HOST_COMMANDS.iter().find(|c| c.0 == id) {
+            Some((_, _, doc)) => vectorcraft_engine::check_keys(id, doc, params),
+            None => vectorcraft_engine::check_params(id, params),
+        }
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
         match id {
             "file.open" => self.open(params),
             "file.save" => self.save(params),

crates/mcp/src/tests.rs

@@ -728,3 +728,19 @@ fn drawing_gestures_snap_to_smart_guides() {
     let events = json!([{"kind": "down", "x": 300, "y": 420}, {"kind": "up", "x": 300, "y": 420}, {"kind": "move", "x": 151.5, "y": 431}, {"kind": "down", "x": 151.5, "y": 431}, {"kind": "up", "x": 151.5, "y": 431}]);
     assert_eq!(bounds(&mut s, 6, events, "pen"), [150.0, 420.0, 150.0, 11.0]);
 }
+
+/// #1471: add_text says when the text doesn't fit its frame, and takes area type's `fit`.
+#[test]
+fn add_text_reports_overflow_and_takes_a_fit() {
+    let mut s = server();
+    let made = |r: &Value| serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&text_of(r)).unwrap();
+    let headline = json!({"text": "NEON DRIVE", "x": 0, "y": 20, "width": 400, "height": 60, "size": 60});
+    let low = made(&call(&mut s, 1, "add_text", headline.clone()));
+    assert_eq!(low["overflow"], true, "{low}");
+    let mut auto = headline;
+    auto["fit"] = json!("autoHeight");
+    let auto = made(&call(&mut s, 2, "add_text", auto));
+    assert!(auto["id"].is_u64() && auto.get("overflow").is_none(), "{auto}");
+    let point = made(&call(&mut s, 3, "add_text", json!({"text": "NEON DRIVE", "x": 0, "y": 300, "size": 60})));
+    assert!(point.get("overflow").is_none(), "{point}");
+}

crates/mcp/src/tools.rs

@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ pub fn tool_definitions() -> Vec<Value> {
         tool(
             "add_text",
             "Add text",
-            "Create point type at (x, y) (the first baseline), area type when width/height are given, or type in/on an existing path (`path` id + `mode` area|onPath; `pathEffect` rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity). Returns the text object id.",
+            "Create point type at (x, y) (the first baseline), area type when width/height are given (`fit` autoHeight grows the frame to the text, shrinkText scales the text down to fit), or type in/on an existing path (`path` id + `mode` area|onPath; `pathEffect` rainbow|skew|3dRibbon|stairStep|gravity). Returns the text object id, with `overflow: true` when the text doesn't fit its frame or path (the lines past it aren't drawn: enlarge the frame, shrink the text or give `fit`).",
             obj(
                 json!({
                     "text": {"type": "string"},
@@ -359,6 +359,8 @@ pub fn tool_definitions() -> Vec<Value> {
                     "y": num("First baseline y (area type: top)"),
                     "width": num("Area type frame width"),
                     "height": num("Area type frame height"),
+                    "fit": {"type": "string", "enum": ["none", "autoHeight", "shrinkText"], "description": "Area type: keep the frame (none), fit its height to the text (autoHeight) or scale overflowing text down (shrinkText)"},
+                    "fitMinPercent": num("shrinkText: the smallest scale in percent, 10 to 100 (default 50)"),
                     "path": {"type": "integer", "description": "Existing path id to flow the text in (area) or along (onPath)"},
                     "mode": {"type": "string", "enum": ["area", "onPath"]},
                     "pathEffect": {"type": "string", "enum": ["rainbow", "skew", "3dRibbon", "stairStep", "gravity"]},
@@ -597,13 +599,27 @@ fn add_text(b: &mut dyn Backend, a: &Args) -> Result<Value, String> {
         }
         if let (Some(w), Some(h)) = (a.get("width"), a.get("height")) {
             p["area"] = json!({"width": w, "height": h});
+            for k in ["fit", "fitMinPercent"] {
+                if let Some(v) = a.get(k) {
+                    p["area"][k] = v.clone();
+                }
+            }
         }
         exec(b, "text.create", p)?
     };
     if let Some(e) = a.get("pathEffect").and_then(Value::as_str) {
         exec(b, "type.pathOptions", json!({"effect": e}))?;
     }
-    Ok(json!({"id": r.get("id")}))
+    let mut made = json!({"id": r.get("id")});
+    // A path effect is applied after the text is made: ask again how it fits then.
+    let overflow = match r.get("id").filter(|_| a.get("pathEffect").is_some()) {
+        Some(id) => exec(b, "document.node", json!({"id": id, "summary": true}))?.get("overflow").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(true),
+        None => r.get("overflow").is_some(),
+    };
+    if overflow {
+        made["overflow"] = json!(true);
+    }
+    Ok(made)
 }
 
 fn transform(b: &mut dyn Backend, a: &Args) -> Result<Value, String> {

crates/pathops/src/edit.rs

@@ -422,22 +422,24 @@ pub fn join(paths: &[PathData], tolerance: f64) -> PathData {
     PathData::new(closed)
 }
 
-/// Object → Path → Split Into Grid: `rows × cols` rectangles filling `rect` with `gutter` spacing
-/// (row-major, top-left first).
-pub fn split_into_grid(rect: Rect, rows: usize, cols: usize, gutter: f64) -> Vec<PathData> {
+/// Object → Path → Split Into Grid: `rows × cols` rectangles filling `rect` with a gutter between
+/// the rows and one between the columns (row-major, top-left first). No cells when they would have
+/// no size.
+pub fn split_into_grid(rect: Rect, rows: usize, cols: usize, (row_gutter, col_gutter): (f64, f64)) -> Vec<PathData> {
     if rows == 0 || cols == 0 {
         return Vec::new();
     }
-    let w = (rect.width() - gutter * (cols as f64 - 1.0)) / cols as f64;
-    let h = (rect.height() - gutter * (rows as f64 - 1.0)) / rows as f64;
-    if w <= 0.0 || h <= 0.0 {
+    let w = (rect.width() - col_gutter * (cols as f64 - 1.0)) / cols as f64;
+    let h = (rect.height() - row_gutter * (rows as f64 - 1.0)) / rows as f64;
+    // Written so that a size that is not a number gives no cells either.
+    if !(w > 0.0 && h > 0.0 && w.is_finite() && h.is_finite()) {
         return Vec::new();
     }
     let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(rows * cols);
     for r in 0..rows {
         for c in 0..cols {
-            let x = rect.x0 + c as f64 * (w + gutter);
-            let y = rect.y0 + r as f64 * (h + gutter);
+            let x = rect.x0 + c as f64 * (w + col_gutter);
+            let y = rect.y0 + r as f64 * (h + row_gutter);
             out.push(PathData::single(SubPath::polyline(
                 &[Point::new(x, y), Point::new(x + w, y), Point::new(x + w, y + h), Point::new(x, y + h)],
                 true,