Part of #579: vectorcraft-cli lists the fonts font services load too

The DirectWrite font lister (#594) was installed in the desktop app only:
`vectorcraft-cli` (convert, run, MCP) didn't see fonts that font services
such as Adobe Fonts load on Windows, so its exports set such type in a
fallback font.

- The CLI shares the app's `system_fonts.rs` and installs it first thing
  on Windows (not the win7 build). The text crate stays free of unsafe
  code; the CLI denies unsafe code instead of forbidding it, so the
  shared module's own allowance applies.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Cargo.lock

@@ -4352,6 +4352,7 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "vectorcraft-cli"
 version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "log",
  "serde_json",
  "vectorcraft-color",
  "vectorcraft-doc",
@@ -4362,6 +4363,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "vectorcraft-render",
  "vectorcraft-svg",
  "vectorcraft-testkit",
+ "vectorcraft-text",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]

ROADMAP.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adob
 
 This file tracks **how far we are and what's left**. Time estimates are wall-clock hours of continuous Claude Opus 5.5 agent work (including builds and the CI gate), given both for **one agent** and for **4–6 parallel agents** on disjoint crates. They are counted from the remaining work (see [Parity estimate](#parity-estimate)), calibrated against measured throughput, and updated as work lands.
 
-_Last updated: 2026-10-09 (after placed documents (File › Place of a `.vectorcraft` file, linked), M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7, the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging, the 2026-10-07 issue fixes, the Layers panel rework and the 2026-10-08 community contributions: Pen and shape-tool modifiers, path editing, Layers, Artboards, Swatches/Brushes and dialogs, Japanese composition and PDF text, Hebrew/Arabic type, interface languages (Spanish among them), the font menu, saved selections, MCP and EPS, the missing-font export warning (#319), open paths in the Shape Builder (#374), PDF/`.ai` import keeping strokes live and hidden and nested layers (#372), per-corner Live Corners (#381), SVG type opening at the size it draws at (#396), the Wayland clipboard with copied-file paste (#398), ruler guides that can be selected, moved and deleted (#414), two batches of Preferences options that were stored but unused (#394), skeleton reads with `document.find` for large documents over MCP (#416) and anchors dragged with Direct Selection snapping to points, segments and smart guides, clipped SVG layers opening as clipping layers (#420), PDF/`.ai` layers read on pages of tens of millions of operators (#419), Document Color Mode putting RGB greys on the black plate on request and converting pattern tiles (#421) and movable dialogs with Offset Path's Joins dropdown (#423) and numeric fields scrubbed by dragging their label (#400), stroke weight presets in the stroke unit (#426), the Appearance panel's Opacity popup (#430), type on a path brackets, flip and Type on a Path Options that keep the type in place (#429), Layers rows dragged with a ghost and dropped on the trash or New Layer (#435), tool flyouts opening on a right or corner press (#436), tool flyouts torn off into floating toolbars (#437), the Shape Builder's erase mode deleting edges too (#439), installed fonts registered outside the font folders and fonts installed while the app runs listed in the font menus (#443), alike circular corners on rectangles that aren't square (#442), tool cursors as OS cursors so the pointer no longer trails over the canvas (#444), artboards copied and pasted with their art (#446), guides dragged out of the rulers snapping to the art's side midpoints and the artboards, artboard guides (#451), the toolbar's double arrow and Window › Toolbars › Double Column switching between one and two columns in any window height (#455), the Smart Guides display options and Snapping Tolerance (#394), Font Size and Leading combo boxes with preset lists in the Character and Properties panels and the Control bar (#458), screenshots pasted from the clipboard on macOS, Windows and the web (#457), the Properties panel's Fill and Stroke matching the Control bar's, Illustrator's Window menu panel keys (Shift+F7 for Align…) and Alt-wheel zoom whatever the wheel preference (Discord feedback), the point/area type widget (Discord feedback), groups in legacy Illustrator .ai files (Discord feedback), a rotating desktop log file (#465), image controls in the Control bar and Properties panel: Image Trace with its presets, Mask, Crop Image, Embed/Unembed, and an Image Trace object's preset, Expand and Release (Discord feedback), the Pen working as the Anchor Point tool with Alt held over a selected path's handles and anchors, and anchor buttons that convert, connect and cut paths at the selected anchors (Discord feedback), Japanese hanging punctuation (burasagari, #463), Escape leaving Presentation Mode with no screen mode saved across restarts, documents dropped on the desktop app opening as tabs of their own and a note that an `.ai` file's art off its artboards isn't in the part read (#472), Add/Delete Anchor Point tool icons drawn from the Pen tool's (#479), EPS import running more of PostScript Level 3 (patterns, Type 3 fonts, mesh shadings, masked images, VM and resource probes), and a preview that stands in saying why (Discord feedback, #466, #469, #474), chords with modifiers recorded in Edit › Keyboard Shortcuts (#487), Type Object Selection by Path Only (#394), Anti-aliased Artwork (#394), Show Pixel Grid (#394), pen and touch taps pressed and lifted within one frame clicking where they tapped and the Linux/Wayland pen-tablet workaround (#491), bounding-box resizes landing on the other objects' anchors and centres with labels, and the Rotate, Scale, Shear and Reflect tools snapping their drags (#482), Shift-drag marquees that toggle the objects or anchors they reach and a Lasso whose Alt subtraction keeps the rest of the selection (#483), the mouse wheel stepping the focused numeric field, the dialogs' and preferences' drag values made such fields (#485), Show The Home Screen When No Documents Are Open (#394), Numbers Without Units Are Points (#394), Auto-Collapse Iconic Panels (#394), the Contextual Task Bar moved by its handle and its More Options menu pinning and resetting its position, a designed macOS DMG windoLine truncated
+_Last updated: 2026-10-09 (after placed documents (File › Place of a `.vectorcraft` file, linked), M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7, the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging, the 2026-10-07 issue fixes, the Layers panel rework and the 2026-10-08 community contributions: Pen and shape-tool modifiers, path editing, Layers, Artboards, Swatches/Brushes and dialogs, Japanese composition and PDF text, Hebrew/Arabic type, interface languages (Spanish among them), the font menu, saved selections, MCP and EPS, the missing-font export warning (#319), open paths in the Shape Builder (#374), PDF/`.ai` import keeping strokes live and hidden and nested layers (#372), per-corner Live Corners (#381), SVG type opening at the size it draws at (#396), the Wayland clipboard with copied-file paste (#398), ruler guides that can be selected, moved and deleted (#414), two batches of Preferences options that were stored but unused (#394), skeleton reads with `document.find` for large documents over MCP (#416) and anchors dragged with Direct Selection snapping to points, segments and smart guides, clipped SVG layers opening as clipping layers (#420), PDF/`.ai` layers read on pages of tens of millions of operators (#419), Document Color Mode putting RGB greys on the black plate on request and converting pattern tiles (#421) and movable dialogs with Offset Path's Joins dropdown (#423) and numeric fields scrubbed by dragging their label (#400), stroke weight presets in the stroke unit (#426), the Appearance panel's Opacity popup (#430), type on a path brackets, flip and Type on a Path Options that keep the type in place (#429), Layers rows dragged with a ghost and dropped on the trash or New Layer (#435), tool flyouts opening on a right or corner press (#436), tool flyouts torn off into floating toolbars (#437), the Shape Builder's erase mode deleting edges too (#439), installed fonts registered outside the font folders and fonts installed while the app runs listed in the font menus (#443), alike circular corners on rectangles that aren't square (#442), tool cursors as OS cursors so the pointer no longer trails over the canvas (#444), artboards copied and pasted with their art (#446), guides dragged out of the rulers snapping to the art's side midpoints and the artboards, artboard guides (#451), the toolbar's double arrow and Window › Toolbars › Double Column switching between one and two columns in any window height (#455), the Smart Guides display options and Snapping Tolerance (#394), Font Size and Leading combo boxes with preset lists in the Character and Properties panels and the Control bar (#458), screenshots pasted from the clipboard on macOS, Windows and the web (#457), the Properties panel's Fill and Stroke matching the Control bar's, Illustrator's Window menu panel keys (Shift+F7 for Align…) and Alt-wheel zoom whatever the wheel preference (Discord feedback), the point/area type widget (Discord feedback), groups in legacy Illustrator .ai files (Discord feedback), a rotating desktop log file (#465), image controls in the Control bar and Properties panel: Image Trace with its presets, Mask, Crop Image, Embed/Unembed, and an Image Trace object's preset, Expand and Release (Discord feedback), the Pen working as the Anchor Point tool with Alt held over a selected path's handles and anchors, and anchor buttons that convert, connect and cut paths at the selected anchors (Discord feedback), Japanese hanging punctuation (burasagari, #463), Escape leaving Presentation Mode with no screen mode saved across restarts, documents dropped on the desktop app opening as tabs of their own and a note that an `.ai` file's art off its artboards isn't in the part read (#472), Add/Delete Anchor Point tool icons drawn from the Pen tool's (#479), EPS import running more of PostScript Level 3 (patterns, Type 3 fonts, mesh shadings, masked images, VM and resource probes), and a preview that stands in saying why (Discord feedback, #466, #469, #474), chords with modifiers recorded in Edit › Keyboard Shortcuts (#487), Type Object Selection by Path Only (#394), Anti-aliased Artwork (#394), Show Pixel Grid (#394), pen and touch taps pressed and lifted within one frame clicking where they tapped and the Linux/Wayland pen-tablet workaround (#491), bounding-box resizes landing on the other objects' anchors and centres with labels, and the Rotate, Scale, Shear and Reflect tools snapping their drags (#482), Shift-drag marquees that toggle the objects or anchors they reach and a Lasso whose Alt subtraction keeps the rest of the selection (#483), the mouse wheel stepping the focused numeric field, the dialogs' and preferences' drag values made such fields (#485), Show The Home Screen When No Documents Are Open (#394), Numbers Without Units Are Points (#394), Auto-Collapse Iconic Panels (#394), the Contextual Task Bar moved by its handle and its More Options menu pinning and resetting its position, a designed macOS DMG windoLine truncated
 
 ## Where we are
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Ordered by how much each gap blocks someone from switching. Sizes are one-agent
 
 1. **Interaction fidelity:** go tool by tool and panel by panel against `plan/illustrator/05-tools.md`,
    `06-panels.md` and `09-shortcuts.md`, covering modifier keys, cursors, the Properties panel per context and
-   isolation mode. Do it side by side with Illustrator where the owner allows. 60–90 h.
+   isolation mode. The Shaper’s rough-square recognition and shape orientation steps are corrected; Shaper Groups now retain editable originals for region merges/punches and separate fill/stroke edits; their construction-mode widget and gesture refinements remain. 60–90 h.
 2. **Photoshop-style raster effects and the Effect Gallery:** about 55 filters (Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort,
    Pixelate, Sketch, Stylize, Texture, Video) on the raster pipeline that drop shadows already use, applied at
    Document Raster Effects Settings resolution. Parallelizes well across agents. 28–42 h.
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Ordered by how much each gap blocks someone from switching. Sizes are one-agent
    tate-chu-yoko), Optical Margin Alignment, the hyphenation and justification options (the Every-line/Single-line
    composer choice is done), tab leaders, a
    spell-check dictionary (open licence), Touch Type and Snap to Glyph. Vertical point, area and path type have
-   initial support. 35–48 h across type core and advanced.
+   initial support. 34–47 h across type core and advanced.
 5. **Brushes, symbols and libraries:** brush options depth; original brush, symbol and graphic-style libraries
    generated in code (never Adobe's); dynamic symbols; Start Global Edit; brushes driven by pen tilt, bearing and
    barrel rotation (6D art pens, #372), which needs tablet input beyond pressure on every platform. 20–32 h.
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
   - Cmd/Ctrl+A follows the keyboard: in a panel, dialog or search field it selects the field's text, while the Type tool edits it selects all of that text (also `select.all` over MCP), and only otherwise every object. On macOS the menu bar's Select All, Cut, Copy and Paste (keys or clicks) act on a focused field too, and elsewhere the in-window menus' do: the field that had the keyboard when the menu opened gets them, with its selection, and the keyboard back (#516). Not yet: Select All across threaded frames (one frame's text is selected).
   - On Windows and Linux the app bar is the window's title bar (its own minimize, maximize and close buttons, drag to move, edges to resize), with the dragon app icon as the brand mark; dialogs and menus size to their content. As on a native menu bar, once one menu is open, moving the pointer onto another title opens that one.
 - **Tools:**
+  - **Shaper:** uneven squares and rectangles become live rectangles even when drawing begins mid-edge. Recognition uses uniformly spaced samples and closed-loop corners, fits rectangle edges/angles rather than requiring a nearly perfect bounding-box fill, and includes the pointer-release position. Rectangles/squares and ellipses snap to 45° steps, hexagons to 90°, and triangles point up or down; lines keep their free angle even with Shift. Shaper Groups retain the live originals, merge regions with the gesture-origin fill, punch fills independently from strokes, remove boundaries on exiting scribbles and trim protruding stroke pieces. Source moves/resizes re-evaluate the result in the same undo step; double-click enters construction editing. Native save/reopen, face recoloring, Release and Expand are covered. The construction-mode widget and finer gesture heuristics remain.
   - **Selection:** Selection, Direct/Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso. A Shift-drag marquee toggles what it reaches: objects with the Selection tool, anchors with Direct and Group Selection (#483); the Lasso adds with Shift and subtracts with Alt. Dragging a path segment with Direct Selection bends it when it's curved (its anchors stay) and moves its two anchors when it's straight, one undo step; the fill, Shift or Alt still pick the whole path (Alt-drag copies it).
   - **Saved selections:** Select ▸ Save Selection… asks for a name and keeps the selection in the document (saved with the file, undoable, up to 25); each one is listed at the bottom of the Select menu and a click selects its objects again; Edit Selection… lists them to rename or delete, applied together on OK. A file's saved selections are capped and checked against its objects when it opens. Not yet: Update Selection and the Layers panel's saved-selection menu.
   - **Drawing:** Pen, Curvature, anchor tools, Pencil, Paintbrush, Blob Brush, Smooth, Path Eraser, Join. Direction handles dragged with Direct Selection or the Anchor Point tool snap to smart guides, and Shift keeps them at 45° steps from their anchor. Every point a drawing tool places snaps to Smart Guides through one snapper (#506): the Pen's and Curvature tool's anchors, the Pencil's ends, the shape tools' start and dragged corner or radius (Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Star, Line Segment, Arc, Spiral, the grids), the Type tool's click and frame, a new artboard's corners.
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 - **Geometry and effects:**
   - Pathfinder (10 exact curve booleans), Offset, Outline Stroke, Simplify, Clean Up, Split Into Grid, Divide Objects Below. Object › Path › Remove Anchor Points (`path.removeAnchors`) removes the direct-selected anchors without opening their paths (the Delete key still deletes them with their segments): the neighbours keep their handle directions and their facing handles are refitted so one cubic follows the two old segments, and straight sides stay straight. The Delete Anchor Point tool uses the same refit. The Control bar, the contextual task bar, the Properties quick actions and the canvas context menu offer it when anchors are selected. With anchors selected, the Control bar and the Properties panel also convert them to corner or smooth (`path.convertAnchors`), connect end points (Join) and cut the path at them (`path.cutAtAnchors`, also on the task bar and the context menu): a closed path opens there and an open one becomes one path per piece, each cut leaving one of its two coincident anchors selected so a drag pulls the path apart.
   - Live effects with previewing dialogs: Distort & Transform, Path, Convert to Shape, 15 Warp styles, Round Corners, Scribble, Effect → Pathfinder (all 10 operations, live on groups; several loose objects are grouped first, in one undo step), Color Adjustments (Brightness/Contrast, Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation, Shift to Color, Temperature/Tint, on vectors, live type and embedded images), and raster drop shadow, glows and feather. SVG and PDF export keep live effects (geometry baked; SVG raster effects as filters).
-- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity) and Options (Flip, Align to Path, Spacing; OK keeps the type where it is), type on a path's start, centre and end brackets (Selection and Direct Selection drag them to set where the type runs, slide it along its path and, across the path, flip it: #429), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline, vertical Align Top/Center/Bottom/Justify per row/column, reflowing non-rectangular frames and text wrap), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline, the Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text (paragraph-wide breaks for an even rag, Single-line per object from the Paragraph panel menu or `text.setFormat {composer}`). Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. The Selection tool shows the type widget beside selected type's bounding box (hollow on point type, filled on area type); double-clicking it converts between them (Type › Convert To Area Type / Convert To Point Type), keeping the text and its styles in place. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done. Hebrew and Arabic are laid out right to left with the Unicode bidirectional algorithm (embedded Latin and numbers keep their direction, lines put in visual order after wrapping) in point, area and path type, with caret, selection and arrow keys in visual order; each paragraph's direction comes from its first strong character unless Paragraph Direction sets it (Paragraph panel with Show Indic Options, `text.setFormat {direction}`), and new type aligns to the start of its direction. SVG export outlines right-to-left text. Font Size and Leading are combo boxes in the Character and Properties panels (Font Size in the Control bar too, beside the Character link, font family and style): type, step with ↑/↓ or the spinner, scrub the label, or pick a preset (6–72 pt, shown in the type unit; Leading also Auto), each pick one undo step; Kerning and Tracking list -100…200; a size, leading, kerning or tracking the selected text doesn't share shows blank (#458).
+- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity) and Options (Flip, Align to Path, Spacing; OK keeps the type where it is), type on a path's start, centre and end brackets (Selection and Direct Selection drag them to set where the type runs, slide it along its path and, across the path, flip it: #429), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), paragraph attributes per paragraph (alignment, indents, spacing, hyphenation, hanging punctuation, tab stops, paragraph style, direction, mojikumi and leading model; the Paragraph, Tabs and Paragraph Styles panels act on the paragraphs the Type tool's selection or caret touches, Return continues the paragraph's style, threads and SVG keep them), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline, vertical Align Top/Center/Bottom/Justify per row/column, reflowing non-rectangular frames and text wrap), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline, the Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text (paragraph-wide breaks for an even rag, Single-line per object from the Paragraph panel menu or `text.setFormat {composer}`). Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. Auto Size: the frame height follows the text after every edit, in the same undo step (rectangular frames of horizontal type in one row; columns get the least height that holds them; a height set by hand or threading turns it off), and the "Auto Size New Area Type" preference gives it to new area type. Shrink Text to Fit (beyond Illustrator): overflowing area type scales its sizes, leading and baseline shifts down by the largest factor (in 0.1 pt steps of the first run, down to a minimum percentage) that fits, at layout time so every export sees it. `text.areaOptions` and `document.inspect` report overflow and the shrink factor. The Selection tool shows the type widget beside selected type's bounding box (hollow on point type, filled on area type); double-clicking it converts between them (Type › Convert To Area Type / Convert To Point Type), keeping the text and its styles in place. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done. Hebrew and Arabic are laid out right to left with the Unicode bidirectional algorithm (embedded Latin and numbers keep their direction, lines put in visual order after wrapping) in point, area and path type, with caret, selection and arrow keys in visual order; each paragraph's direction comes from its first strong character unless Paragraph Direction sets it (Paragraph panel with Show Indic Options, `text.setFormat {direction}`), and new type aligns to the start of its direction. SVG export outlines right-to-left text. Font Size and Leading are combo boxes in the Character and Properties panels (Font Size in the Control bar too, beside the Character link, font family and style): type, step with ↑/↓ or the spinner, scrub the label, or pick a preset (6–72 pt, shown in the type unit; Leading also Auto), each pick one undo step; Kerning and Tracking list -100…200; a size, leading, kerning or tracking the selected text doesn't share shows blank (#458).
 - **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese, Spanish (neutral international Spanish, for every `es-*` locale), Italian (every `it-*` locale) and Russian (every `ru-*` locale) cover the whole interface, Czech and Brazilian Portuguese every menu label, Brazilian Portuguese the shell's `tl!` literals too (tested); Spanish, Italian and Russian also translate status-bar and error messages as they are shown (`@msg` templates, every message literal tested; the messages themselves stay English for agents); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech, Spanish, Italian and Russian ones from the bundled UI fonts. The web app follows the browser's languages (or `?lang=`). The Basic toolbar's Type button holds Vertical Type in its flyout. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese, and justified Japanese lines spread their room between characters (not inside Latin words); Paragraph panel › Mojikumi Set (shown with Preferences › Type › Show East Asian Options, `text.setFormat {mojikumi}`): None or Line-end Punctuation Half Width (new type's default, as in Illustrator; older documents and imported text keep None) shares one half-em space between consecutive punctuation, sets a closing mark ending a line half width and an opening bracket starting a wrapped line flush with its start, and puts a quarter em between Japanese and Latin letters or digits; Paragraph panel menu › Top-to-Top / Bottom-to-Bottom Leading measures leading from em box top to top (area type's first line touches the frame) or from baseline to baseline (new type in a Japanese interface starts top to top, with em box centre character alignment, #432); Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari None / Regular / Force (`text.setFormat {burasagari: "none"|"standard"|"forced"}`) hangs an East Asian comma or full stop (、。，．､｡) ending an area type line outside it, Regular (new type's default) when it doesn't fit and Force always (the rest of the line then fills the measure; closing brackets and Latin punctuation don't hang); Character panel menu › Character Alignment (with the East Asian options; `text.setFormat` or `text.setRangeStyle {charAlign}`) lines characters smaller than the largest on their line up on the Roman baseline or the em box top/right, centre or bottom/left (ICF top and bottom not yet); Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
 - **Transparency:** opacity masks (clip/invert/disable/link), exported as SVG `<mask>` and PDF soft masks.
 - **Advanced art:** live Blends (steps/distance/smooth colour, editable spine, anchor-targeted Blend tool, faithful interpolation, knockout), Envelope Distort (warp/mesh/top object, Reset, full Envelope Options, mesh handles, Edit Contents; type, images, symbols, gradients, patterns and appearance distorted everywhere), Liquify tools with options and pen pressure, Puppet Warp with rotating pins, Perspective Grid with presets, movable planes and projected type (choosing a perspective tool shows the grid; Hide Grid hides it with the tool still chosen), Gradient Mesh, Shape Builder (stroke-only open paths and lines cut the regions they cross and enclose regions of their own; filled open paths count as closed; erase mode while Alt/Option is held: a minus pointer, red highlights of what will go, a click or drag deletes the regions touched, the pieces of open lines and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet, opening their paths there) it passes over, one undo step, `shapeBuilder.merge {erase}` and `shapeBuilder.regions` edges over MCP), Live Paint (every path an edge, open lines included), Image Trace (12 presets, colour layers traced in parallel; a trace past two million anchor points or an image over 64 megapixels is refused with advice rather than running out of memory, and a selection too large to outline shows its bounds (#525); Object › Image Trace › Make and Make and Expand trace at once with the Default preset, #543; with an image selected the Control bar and the Properties panel show Image Trace, whose arrow traces with any preset, Mask (`object.maskImage`: a clipping path on the image's outline, selected so its handles crop), Crop Image and Embed or Unembed in place of Fill and Stroke; with an Image Trace object selected, its Preset (choosing another traces again), the Image Trace panel and Expand, plus Release in Properties; the View modes are not done), pattern swatches with pattern editing mode, live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror).
@@ -171,12 +172,12 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 |---|---|---|---|
 | M0 | Skeleton + vertical slice | ✅ done | — |
 | M1 | Selection, transform, layers, MCP | ✅ mostly done (transform reference point snaps to anchors/centres; rotated objects keep a rotated bounding box and their angle; Free Transform, Scale and Reflect along a rotated box pending) | 4–6 |
-| M2 | Drawing tools + smart guides | ✅ mostly done (Flare, Reshape, Live Corners widget dragging and per-corner radii and kinds landed, on any path's corners; Shaper, the remaining Pen modifier nuances) | 15–20 |
+| M2 | Drawing tools + smart guides | ✅ mostly done (Flare, Reshape, Live Corners widget dragging and per-corner radii and kinds landed, on any path's corners; Shaper rough-shape recognition and orientation steps, the remaining Pen modifier nuances; Shaper Groups with editable sources and separate fill/stroke edits landed; construction widget/refinements pending) | 12–18 |
 | M3 | Paint & appearance (swatches, color, gradient, stroke, appearance, transparency, styles) | ✅ done (M3.7–M3.98): swatches, groups, libraries, tints, Lab spots and Registration; Color Picker, Color panel, Color Guide, Color Themes, Edit Colors and Recolor Artwork; gradients that follow every transform, the annotator, linked stops, freeform gradients, focal points, gradients on strokes and Expand; stroke geometry, arrowheads, dashes fitted to corners, stroke on type, width profiles and the Width tool, Scale Strokes and preview bounds; Appearance targeting, container appearance, target circles, Expand Appearance; knockout, isolation, blend accuracy, CMYK blending, overprint, Attributes, masks and clipping, Flatten Transparency; graphic styles, links and libraries. Left: freeform and mixed spot/process gradients export as stops or process colours to SVG/PDF; confirm the Scale Strokes & Effects default | 4–8 |
 | M4 | Files (native, SVG, PDF, raster, Export for Screens, clipboard interop) | ✅ done (M4.14–M4.98 on 2026-10-05): Save As/Save a Copy/Revert/templates, Data Recovery and background save, SVG import and export fidelity (units, text, symbols, filters, SVGZ, Preserve Editing, SVG Options), PDF import (colours, layers, masks, editable text, security) and export (presets, marks, bleed, ICC and output intent, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X-1a, X-3 and X-4, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3), Place and Links, Package, EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF, TIFF/BMP/Targa/PSD/GIF/PNG-8 export, Print and print presets, slices, Save for Web, Asset Export, clipboard flavours, File Info. Left: DWG (use DXF), PSD placement as layers, overprint read back from PDF, polish | 3–6 |
 | M5 | Performance | 🟡 background render + caches + MT done; `vectorcraft-cli bench` and `vectorcraft-cli perf` (budget suite); file format v2 opens 3× faster (50k paths: 722 → 244 ms); raster effects (glows, shadows, blur, feather) no longer force the whole frame single-threaded (filtered offscreen per effect, verified equal to the single-threaded reference); effect-heavy demos need a clean-machine benchmark; dirty-region rendering, GPU backend spike pending | 15–25 |
 | M6 | Path operations (Pathfinder, Shape Builder, offset…) | ✅ mostly done (Boolean precision on almost-horizontal edges fixed and the property tests made deterministic; Shape Builder gap detection, large-offset bug open) | 3–6 |
-| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, Area Type Options (with Width/Height and vertical Align), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (fonts registered with Windows outside its font folders, the XDG and Flatpak host font folders on Linux, and fonts installed while the app runs, listed when it comes back to the front; searchable; the Character and Properties menus show each family's sample of the selected text, preview it live under the pointer or ↑/↓, filter by script and kind, list a family's styles, and star favourites; the Glyphs panel and Find Font's Replace With use the same menu without the live preview) and found by name on open/import, variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects and Options with draggable start/centre/end brackets (slide, flip), tab stops + Tabs panel, Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional text, Paragraph Direction, Every-line/Single-line Composer per object (ragged text too) done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
+| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, per-paragraph paragraph attributes, Area Type Options (with Width/Height, Auto Size and Shrink Text to Fit; overflow reported to agents and vertical Align), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (fonts registered with Windows outside its font folders, the XDG and Flatpak host font folders on Linux, and fonts installed while the app runs, listed when it comes back to the front; searchable; the Character and Properties menus show each family's sample of the selected text, preview it live under the pointer or ↑/↓, filter by script and kind, list a family's styles, and star favourites; the Glyphs panel and Find Font's Replace With use the same menu without the live preview) and found by name on open/import, variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects and Options with draggable start/centre/end brackets (slide, flip), tab stops + Tabs panel, Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional text, Paragraph Direction, Every-line/Single-line Composer per object (ragged text too) done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
 | M8 | Transform & distort (Puppet Warp, Liquify tools, Envelopes, Blends, Perspective Grid) | ✅ done (M8.1–M8.20 on 2026-10-06, fidelity pass): Liquify Tool Options with one shared brush, pen pressure, hold-to-apply, a safe scope and incremental strokes; tool options that last; Puppet Warp rotation, multi-select, Control bar and a rest-shape session that follows Undo; Width tool on compound paths; Envelope dialogs with preview, Reset with Warp/Mesh, full Envelope Options, type/images/symbols/appearance/gradients/patterns distorted on canvas and in every export, warps that keep their frame, Edit Contents, mesh handles and Control bar; Blend Options, anchor-targeted Blend tool, editable spine, keys picked on the canvas, faithful interpolation and knockout; Perspective Grid with Define Grid, presets, lock/snap/rulers, widgets, the 1–4 plane switch, movable planes, Perspective Selection scale/copy/perpendicular/Transform Again, and type and symbols truly projected with Edit Text. Left: Anti-Alias and Preserve Shape output, warp-envelope point editing, brush interpolation in blends, Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box | 2–4 |
 | M9 | Live effects (+ 3D & Materials) | 🟡 2D effects done incl. Effect → Pathfinder and Color Adjustments; SVG Filters, Document Raster Effects Settings, 3D pending | 86–135 |
 | M10 | Brushes, symbols, patterns, Repeat | 🟡 pattern swatches (5 tile types, Pattern Options, editing mode, SVG `<pattern>`/PDF export) and live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror) done; brushes/symbols in progress | 23–37 |
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Area | Weight | Done | Missing (main items) | One agent (h) |
 |---|---:|---:|---|---:|
 | Selection, transform & align tools | 6 | 85% | Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box, Start Global Edit, transform nuances (the rotated persistent bounding box is done) | 4–6 |
-| Drawing tools | 7 | 85% | Shaper Groups (merge/punch overlapping shapes), pencil and the remaining pen modifier nuances, the freehand Tool Options' Keep selected, Alt to the Smooth tool, Blob Brush Merge Only with Selection and brush angle/roundness, Touch Type, Live Corners on corners between curved sides (and Relative rounding) | 10–15 |
+| Drawing tools | 7 | 85% | rough-square Shaper recognition and orientation steps corrected; editable Shaper Groups landed; remaining: Shaper construction widget/gesture refinements, pencil and the remaining pen modifier nuances, the freehand Tool Options' Keep selected, Alt to the Smooth tool, Blob Brush Merge Only with Selection and brush angle/roundness, Touch Type, Live Corners on corners between curved sides (and Relative rounding) | 8–13 |
 | Path operations, Pathfinder, Shape Builder, Live Paint | 5 | 86% | Live Paint gap options, Shape Builder gap detection, options (Tool Options dialog, clicking a stroke in merge mode) and Shift-drag marquee | 3–6 |
 | Colour, swatches, gradients, patterns, mesh, recolor | 7 | 96% | freeform and mixed spot/process gradients in SVG/PDF (exported as stops or process colours), pattern fills in Expand | 2–4 |
 | Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 88% | brush options depth, brush libraries (generated in code), brushes driven by pen tilt, bearing and barrel rotation (6D art pens) | 12–20 |
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Live vector effects | 5 | 85% | Outline Object, Pathfinder Hard/Soft Mix and Trap, SVG Filters | 6–10 |
 | Raster effects (Effect Gallery, Document Raster Effects Settings) | 4 | 20% | ~55 Photoshop-style filters (Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort, Pixelate, Sketch, Stylize, Texture, Video) and the Effect Gallery; Document Raster Effects Settings and raster effects in PDF are done | 28–42 |
 | 3D and Materials | 4 | 0% | Extrude & Bevel, Revolve, Inflate, Rotate, lighting, materials (software renderer) | 50–80 |
-| Type core | 9 | 79% | Middle Eastern features beyond bidi layout and Paragraph Direction (Character Direction, digit types, kashidas, the Middle Eastern composers, editable bidirectional SVG text, a split caret where directions meet); Hyphenation… and Justification… options (Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text, per object, is done; it is tuned by eye, not yet compared side by side with Illustrator; mixed type sizes in a paragraph still break single-line), Optical Margin Alignment, paragraph spacing limit for vertically justified area type, hidden characters, Transform Again after a type-area resize (it scales the type), partial selection of type-area anchors by marquee | 14–19 |
+| Type core | 9 | 80% | Middle Eastern features beyond bidi layout and Paragraph Direction (Character Direction, digit types, kashidas, the Middle Eastern composers, editable bidirectional SVG text, a split caret where directions meet); Hyphenation… and Justification… options (Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text, per object, is done; it is tuned by eye, not yet compared side by side with Illustrator; mixed type sizes in a paragraph still break single-line), Optical Margin Alignment, paragraph spacing limit for vertically justified area type, hidden characters, paragraph attributes in the Type tool's copy and paste (the characters keep their styles, the paragraphs take the destination's), mixed-value display in the Paragraph panel for a selection across differing paragraphs, Transform Again after a type-area resize (it scales the type), partial selection of type-area anchors by marquee | 14–19 |
 | Type advanced | 4 | 50% | CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi beyond Line-end Punctuation Half Width — the other sets (and their paragraph-start bracket and indent rules), kinsoku sets and the Mojikumi Settings dialog —, proportional vertical metrics, manual tate-chu-yoko, Character Alignment on the ICF top and bottom), variable font axis sliders (named instances are styles), tab leaders, spell check (open dictionary), Touch Type, Retype; vertical point/area/path type and Type Orientation have initial support | 20–28 |
 | Symbols, blends, envelopes, Repeat, perspective | 5 | 88% | symbol libraries (original), dynamic symbols, envelope Anti-Alias/Preserve Shape output and warp point editing, brush interpolation in blends (M8 fidelity pass done) | 5–8 |
 | Image Trace, graphs, image tools | 3 | 70% | graph Design/Column/Marker, Create Object Mosaic, Crop Image polish (an on-canvas crop box), Image Trace View modes (Outlines, Source Image) (Vector Halftone is done) | 6–10 |

apps/vectorcraft-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,14 @@ vectorcraft-geom = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-svg = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-mcp = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-render = { workspace = true }
+vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
+log = { workspace = true }
+
+# DirectWrite's system font collection (the desktop app's src/system_fonts.rs, shared): fonts that
+# font services such as Adobe Fonts load in place (#579). MIT OR Apache-2.0.
+[target.'cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))'.dependencies]
+windows = { version = "0.62", features = ["Win32_Graphics_DirectWrite"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 vectorcraft-testkit = { workspace = true }

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 //! vectorcraft-cli bench FILE [--size 2880x1800] [--iters 5]
 //! vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths 50000]
 //! ```
-#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
+// Denied, not forbidden: the DirectWrite font lister shared with the desktop app (Windows) allows
+// it for its COM calls, and nothing else may.
+#![deny(unsafe_code)]
 
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::process::ExitCode;
@@ -35,6 +37,10 @@ macro_rules! out {
 }
 
 mod perf;
+/// The desktop app's DirectWrite font lister, shared: exports and MCP find the same fonts.
+#[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+#[path = "../../vectorcraft/src/system_fonts.rs"]
+mod system_fonts;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_mcp::{Backend, DEFAULT_ADDR, Headless, Remote, Server};
@@ -93,6 +99,9 @@ fn usage() -> String {
 }
 
 fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    // Before any font lookup: the fonts font services load (#579).
+    #[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+    system_fonts::install();
     let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().skip(1).collect();
     let r = match args.first().map(String::as_str) {
         Some("mcp") => mcp(&args[1..]),

apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
-use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, file_flavour};
+use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, file_flavour, is_address};
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::recovery::{self, Hold, RecoveryStore};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::graphics::GraphicsLoss;
@@ -200,7 +200,8 @@ fn track_paste(pasted: &Rc<RefCell<Pasted>>) {
     let on_paste = wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure::<dyn FnMut(web_sys::ClipboardEvent)>::new(move |e: web_sys::ClipboardEvent| {
         let Some(data) = e.clipboard_data() else { return };
         let Some(files) = data.files().filter(|f| f.length() > 0) else { return };
-        if data.get_data("text").is_ok_and(|t| !t.is_empty()) {
+        // Text is egui's, but for the address a browser's Copy Image puts next to the picture.
+        if data.get_data("text").is_ok_and(|t| !t.is_empty() && !is_address(&t)) {
             return;
         }
         e.prevent_default();

apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ mod window;
 use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::graphics::GraphicsLoss;
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::picks::PickRequest;
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::{ClipboardProbeFactory, FilePick, Services, VectorcraftApp};
 
 struct App {
@@ -185,9 +186,22 @@ fn save_prefs(app: &VectorcraftApp) {
     }
 }
 
-/// A native file dialog showing `pick`'s file types, folder and suggested name.
-fn file_dialog(pick: &FilePick) -> rfd::FileDialog {
-    let d = pick.filters.iter().fold(rfd::FileDialog::new(), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(*name, exts));
+/// The window file dialogs belong to.
+type Parent = Option<std::sync::Arc<winit::window::Window>>;
+
+/// A native file dialog for `request` over `parent` (Windows and Linux, where the portal then
+/// shows it over the window and keeps it in front; macOS shows them as before).
+fn file_dialog(request: &PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> rfd::FileDialog {
+    let d = match parent {
+        Some(w) if !cfg!(target_os = "macos") => rfd::FileDialog::new().set_parent(&**w),
+        _ => rfd::FileDialog::new(),
+    };
+    let pick = match request {
+        PickRequest::Open(pick) | PickRequest::Save(pick) => pick,
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => return fileio::place_filters().fold(d.set_title("Place"), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(name, exts)),
+        PickRequest::Folder => return d,
+    };
+    let d = pick.filters.iter().fold(d, |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(*name, exts));
     let d = match &pick.folder {
         Some(folder) => d.set_directory(folder),
         None => d,
@@ -195,6 +209,28 @@ fn file_dialog(pick: &FilePick) -> rfd::FileDialog {
     if pick.name.is_empty() { d } else { d.set_file_name(&pick.name) }
 }
 
+/// Show `dialog` for `request` (on the calling thread, until it closes) → the paths picked.
+fn show_dialog(dialog: rfd::FileDialog, request: &PickRequest) -> Vec<String> {
+    let paths = match request {
+        PickRequest::Open(_) => dialog.pick_file().into_iter().collect(),
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => dialog.pick_files().unwrap_or_default(),
+        PickRequest::Save(pick) => {
+            // The Templates folder may not exist yet.
+            if let Some(folder) = &pick.folder {
+                let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(folder);
+            }
+            dialog.save_file().into_iter().collect()
+        }
+        PickRequest::Folder => dialog.pick_folder().into_iter().collect(),
+    };
+    paths.into_iter().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()).collect()
+}
+
+/// Show the dialog for `request` over `parent` now → the paths picked.
+fn pick_now(request: PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> Vec<String> {
+    show_dialog(file_dialog(&request, parent), &request)
+}
+
 /// File → Show in Folder: select `path` in Finder / Explorer, or open its folder elsewhere.
 fn reveal(path: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     reveal_command(path).spawn().map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| format!("can't show {path}: {e}"))
@@ -230,25 +266,31 @@ fn write_file(path: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
     fileio::write_atomic(std::path::Path::new(path), bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }
 
-fn services() -> Services {
+/// Linux: show the dialog for `request` over `parent` on a thread of its own, answering on the
+/// receiver. Shown on the UI thread, nothing would answer the compositor meanwhile, which then
+/// offers to kill the window as not responding (#592).
+fn start_pick(request: PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> Option<std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Vec<String>>> {
+    let dialog = file_dialog(&request, parent);
+    let (tx, rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+    std::thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("file-dialog".into())
+        .spawn(move || {
+            // The app gone meanwhile has no use for the answer.
+            let _ = tx.send(show_dialog(dialog, &request));
+        })
+        .ok()?;
+    Some(rx)
+}
+
+fn services(parent: Parent) -> Services {
+    let (p1, p2, p3, p4, p5) = (parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent);
     Services {
-        pick_open: Some(Box::new(|pick: &FilePick| file_dialog(pick).pick_file().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()))),
-        pick_open_multi: Some(Box::new(|| {
-            fileio::place_filters()
-                .fold(rfd::FileDialog::new().set_title("Place"), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(name, exts))
-                .pick_files()
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-                .collect()
-        })),
-        pick_save: Some(Box::new(|pick: &FilePick| {
-            // The Templates folder may not exist yet.
-            if let Some(folder) = &pick.folder {
-                let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(folder);
-            }
-            file_dialog(pick).save_file().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-        })),
+        pick_open: Some(Box::new(move |pick: &FilePick| pick_now(PickRequest::Open(pick.clone()), &p1).into_iter().next())),
+        pick_open_multi: Some(Box::new(move || pick_now(PickRequest::OpenMany, &p2))),
+        pick_save: Some(Box::new(move |pick: &FilePick| pick_now(PickRequest::Save(pick.clone()), &p3).into_iter().next())),
+        // Windows and macOS dialogs run the window's events while they are open; Linux's don't.
+        start_pick: cfg!(all(unix, not(target_os = "macos")))
+            .then(|| Box::new(move |request: PickRequest| start_pick(request, &p5)) as vectorcraft_ui_egui::picks::StartPick),
         read: Some(Box::new(|p: &str| std::fs::read(p).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))),
         write: Some(Box::new(write_file)),
         // Background Save and Export write from a worker thread.
@@ -266,7 +308,7 @@ fn services() -> Services {
         reveal: Some(Box::new(reveal)),
         // Links panel: Edit Original; Package: Show Package. Relink to Folder and Package pick folders.
         open_file: Some(Box::new(open_file)),
-        pick_folder: Some(Box::new(|| rfd::FileDialog::new().pick_folder().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()))),
+        pick_folder: Some(Box::new(move || pick_now(PickRequest::Folder, &p4).into_iter().next())),
         // File → Print: the system's printers and print queue.
         print: Some(Box::new(printing::SystemPrint)),
         ..Default::default()
@@ -397,7 +439,7 @@ fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
             "VectorCraft",
             options,
             Box::new(move |cc| {
-                let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), services());
+                let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), services(cc.winit_window().cloned()));
                 load_prefs(&mut app, saved);
                 // Fit the window to its monitor, or put it back where it was (still hidden).
                 if let Some(w) = cc.winit_window() {

apps/vectorcraft/src/system_fonts.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Windows: the font files in DirectWrite's system font collection, scanned with the font folders
-//! (`vectorcraft_text::set_platform_font_files`).
+//! (`vectorcraft_text::set_platform_font_files`). The desktop app and `vectorcraft-cli` (exports,
+//! MCP) both install it; the CLI shares this file.
 //!
 //! Font services such as Adobe Fonts load their fonts with GDI at run time, from files in their
 //! own folders, without installing them: the font folders and the registry don't list them. Since

crates/doc/src/hit.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,8 @@ impl Hit {
 /// Options for hit testing.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct HitOptions {
+    /// The isolated construction container, whose retained Shaper sources are hittable.
+    pub scope: Option<NodeId>,
     /// Tolerance in document units (screen tolerance / zoom).
     pub tol: f64,
     /// Outline mode: only outlines are hittable.
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ pub struct HitOptions {
 
 impl Default for HitOptions {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self { tol: 3.0, outline: false, path_only: false, type_path_only: false }
+        Self { tol: 3.0, outline: false, path_only: false, type_path_only: false, scope: None }
     }
 }
 
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ pub fn hit_test(doc: &Document, p: Point, opt: HitOptions) -> Option<Hit> {
 /// The objects under `p` that [`Hit::top_object`] picks in `scope` (isolation mode), topmost
 /// first: what clicks there select, one below the other (Cmd/Ctrl-click selects behind).
 pub fn objects_at(doc: &Document, p: Point, opt: HitOptions, scope: Option<NodeId>) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    let opt = HitOptions { scope: scope.or(opt.scope), ..opt };
     let mut tops: Vec<NodeId> = vec![];
     // Each round leaves out the objects found so far (and everything inside them).
     while let Some(top) = hit_test_skipping(doc, p, opt, &|id| tops.contains(&id)).map(|h| h.top_object(scope)) {
@@ -131,13 +134,20 @@ fn hit_children(parent: &Node, p: Point, opt: HitOptions, skip: &dyn Fn(NodeId)
     {
         return None;
     }
-    for c in children.iter().rev() {
+    for (i, c) in children.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+        if parent.shaper.is_some() {
+            let construction = children.first().is_some_and(|source| Some(source.id) == opt.scope);
+            if (i == 0) != construction {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
         // Hidden, locked and template sublayers block clicks like top-level layers do.
         if !c.visible || c.locked || c.is_template() || skip(c.id) {
             continue;
         }
         // (An envelope's content sits where it was, not where the envelope draws it.)
-        if !edits_contents(c)
+        if !(edits_contents(c)
+            || c.shaper.is_some() && c.children().and_then(|children| children.first()).is_some_and(|source| Some(source.id) == opt.scope))
             && let Some(b) = c.reach_bounds()
             && !b.inflate(opt.tol, opt.tol).contains(p)
         {

crates/doc/src/lib.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ mod reach;
 pub mod recolor;
 pub mod selection;
 pub mod setup;
+pub mod shaper;
 pub mod slices;
 pub mod style_libs;
 pub mod swatches;
@@ -82,8 +83,9 @@ pub use setup::{Background, DocSetup, ExportText, GridSize, Quotes};
 pub use slices::{CellAlign, CellVAlign, Slice, SliceArea, SliceKind, SliceOptions, SliceSource};
 pub use style_libs::StyleLibrary;
 pub use text::{
-    AreaOptions, Burasagari, CharAlign, CharPosition, CharStyle, Composer, FirstBaseline, Justify, LeadingModel, Mojikumi, ParaDirection, ParaStyle,
-    PathAlign, PathEffect, ScriptMetrics, TabAlign, TabStop, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun, TextStyleDef, TextWrap, VerticalAlign, WrapShape,
+    AreaFit, AreaOptions, Burasagari, CharAlign, CharPosition, CharStyle, Composer, FirstBaseline, Justify, LeadingModel, Mojikumi, ParaDirection,
+    ParaStyle, PathAlign, PathEffect, ScriptMetrics, TabAlign, TabStop, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun, TextStyleDef, TextWrap, VerticalAlign,
+    WrapShape,
 };
 pub use vectorcraft_color as color;
 pub use vectorcraft_geom as geom;

crates/doc/src/node.rs

@@ -472,6 +472,9 @@ pub struct Node {
     /// Graph object: the group's children are generated from this spec (Object → Graph).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub graph: Option<Box<crate::graph::GraphSpec>>,
+    /// Editable Shaper composition; the original art is retained in its source child.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub shaper: Option<Box<crate::shaper::ShaperSpec>>,
     pub kind: NodeKind,
     /// The [`crate::GraphicStyle::id`] last applied to this object. It stays linked while it keeps
     /// that style's look: editing its appearance or transparency breaks the link.
@@ -536,6 +539,7 @@ impl Node {
             trace: None,
             wrap: None,
             graph: None,
+            shaper: None,
             kind,
             graphic_style: None,
             attrs: None,
@@ -707,6 +711,7 @@ impl Node {
             }
             NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } | NodeKind::Group { children, .. } | NodeKind::Compound { children, .. } => children
                 .iter()
+                .skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some()))
                 .filter(|c| c.visible || !matches!(self.kind, NodeKind::Layer { .. }))
                 .fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.geometric_bounds())),
             NodeKind::Text(t) => self.projected(t.bounds()),
@@ -738,7 +743,11 @@ impl Node {
             NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } | NodeKind::Group { children, .. } => {
                 // The container's own strokes paint around its members.
                 let o = self.appearance.outset();
-                children.iter().fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds())).map(|b| b.inflate(o, o))
+                children
+                    .iter()
+                    .skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some()))
+                    .fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds()))
+                    .map(|b| b.inflate(o, o))
             }
             NodeKind::Blend { children, spec } => {
                 let b = children.iter().fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds()));
@@ -965,7 +974,7 @@ impl Node {
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Group { children, .. } | NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } => {
-                for c in children.iter().filter(|c| c.visible) {
+                for c in children.iter().skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some())).filter(|c| c.visible) {
                     c.push_clip_shapes(text, out);
                 }
             }

crates/doc/src/shaper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//! Persistent Shaper edits over retained source paths. Source indices (not document ids) keep
+//! recipes valid when a group is copied. Selector anchors use source-relative bounding boxes,
+//! so the intended face or stroke follows source art when it moves or resizes.
+use crate::Appearance;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use vectorcraft_geom::Point;
+
+pub const SOURCES: &str = "Shaper Sources";
+pub const FILL_PREFIX: &str = "Shaper Fill ";
+pub const STROKE_PREFIX: &str = "Shaper Stroke ";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ShaperSpec {
+    pub faces: Vec<FaceEdit>,
+    pub edges: Vec<EdgeEdit>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FaceSelector {
+    pub sources: Vec<usize>,
+    pub anchor: Point,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FaceEdit {
+    pub selector: FaceSelector,
+    pub erase: bool,
+    pub erase_edges: bool,
+    pub paint_source: Option<usize>,
+    pub merge: Option<u64>,
+    pub paint: Option<Appearance>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct EdgeEdit {
+    pub source: usize,
+    pub sides: [Vec<usize>; 2],
+    pub anchor: Point,
+    pub erase: bool,
+    pub paint: Option<Appearance>,
+}

crates/doc/src/text.rs

@@ -664,6 +664,9 @@ pub struct AreaOptions {
     pub first_baseline_min: f64,
     /// Vertical alignment of the lines in each row/column.
     pub vertical_align: VerticalAlign,
+    /// How the frame and its text fit each other (Auto Size, Shrink Text to Fit).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
+    pub fit: AreaFit,
 }
 
 impl Default for AreaOptions {
@@ -676,6 +679,67 @@ impl Default for AreaOptions {
             first_baseline: FirstBaseline::Ascent,
             first_baseline_min: 0.0,
             vertical_align: VerticalAlign::Top,
+            fit: AreaFit::None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// How area type and its frame fit each other. Serialized as `"none"`, `"autoHeight"` or
+/// `{"shrinkText": {"minPercent": 50}}`.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum AreaFit {
+    /// The frame keeps its size; text that doesn't fit overflows.
+    #[default]
+    None,
+    /// The frame's height follows the text (Illustrator's Auto Size): resolved by the engine after
+    /// each edit, for rectangular frames of horizontal type in one row.
+    AutoHeight,
+    /// Text that overflows is scaled down (size, leading and baseline shift; not paragraph
+    /// spacing) by the largest factor down to `min_percent` % that makes it fit, at layout time.
+    ShrinkText {
+        #[serde(rename = "minPercent", default = "AreaFit::default_min_percent")]
+        min_percent: f64,
+    },
+}
+
+impl AreaFit {
+    /// The smallest Shrink Text to Fit percentage allowed.
+    pub const MIN_PERCENT: f64 = 10.0;
+    /// The Shrink Text to Fit percentage new settings start with.
+    pub const DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT: f64 = 50.0;
+    fn default_min_percent() -> f64 {
+        Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT
+    }
+    /// Its id: `none`, `autoHeight` or `shrinkText`.
+    pub fn id(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            AreaFit::None => "none",
+            AreaFit::AutoHeight => "autoHeight",
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { .. } => "shrinkText",
+        }
+    }
+    /// The fit an id names (case, spaces, dashes and underscores ignored), with `min_percent`
+    /// for Shrink Text (clamped to 10..100; a non-finite value gives the default).
+    pub fn parse(id: &str, min_percent: Option<f64>) -> Option<Self> {
+        match id.to_ascii_lowercase().replace([' ', '-', '_'], "").as_str() {
+            "none" | "off" => Some(AreaFit::None),
+            "autoheight" | "autosize" => Some(AreaFit::AutoHeight),
+            "shrinktext" | "shrinktexttofit" | "shrink" => {
+                Some(AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: Self::clamp_percent(min_percent.unwrap_or(Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT)) })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    /// A Shrink Text minimum percentage within 10..100 (the default when not finite).
+    pub fn clamp_percent(p: f64) -> f64 {
+        if p.is_finite() { p.clamp(Self::MIN_PERCENT, 100.0) } else { Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT }
+    }
+    /// Shrink Text's minimum scale factor (0.1..1), if this is Shrink Text.
+    pub fn min_scale(self) -> Option<f64> {
+        match self {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => Some(Self::clamp_percent(min_percent) / 100.0),
+            _ => None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -748,6 +812,11 @@ fn reverse_from_end(path: &mut PathData) {
 }
 
 /// A text object. `runs` split into paragraphs at `\n`.
+///
+/// Paragraph attributes: `para` is paragraph 0's (and, while `paras` is empty, every
+/// paragraph's). Invariant (kept by [`TextObject::normalize_paras`]): `paras` is either empty —
+/// every paragraph uses `para` — or holds one style per paragraph with `paras[0] == para` and at
+/// least two different styles. Readers that only know `para` see the first paragraph's style.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TextObject {
     /// Top-to-bottom, right-to-left writing. Defaults to horizontal for old documents.
@@ -759,6 +828,9 @@ pub struct TextObject {
     pub runs: Vec<TextRun>,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub para: ParaStyle,
+    /// Per-paragraph attributes (see the type's docs); empty = every paragraph uses `para`.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    pub paras: Vec<ParaStyle>,
     /// Area Type Options (area type only).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
     pub area: AreaOptions,
@@ -793,6 +865,7 @@ impl TextObject {
             xf: Affine::translate(origin.to_vec2()),
             runs: vec![TextRun { text: text.into(), style }],
             para: ParaStyle::default(),
+            paras: Vec::new(),
             area: AreaOptions::default(),
             path_effect: PathEffect::default(),
             path_align: PathAlign::default(),
@@ -805,6 +878,103 @@ impl TextObject {
     pub fn plain_text(&self) -> String {
         self.runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect()
     }
+    /// Number of paragraphs (`\n`-separated; empty text has one).
+    pub fn paragraph_count(&self) -> usize {
+        1 + self.runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count()).sum::<usize>()
+    }
+    /// Attributes of paragraph `i` (the last paragraph's past the end).
+    pub fn para_at(&self, i: usize) -> &ParaStyle {
+        self.paras.get(i).or(self.paras.last()).unwrap_or(&self.para)
+    }
+    /// Every paragraph's attributes, one per paragraph.
+    pub fn paragraph_styles(&self) -> Vec<ParaStyle> {
+        (0..self.paragraph_count()).map(|i| self.para_at(i).clone()).collect()
+    }
+    /// Set every paragraph's attributes from `styles` (one per paragraph; a short list repeats its
+    /// last entry, a long one is cut).
+    pub fn set_paragraph_styles(&mut self, styles: Vec<ParaStyle>) {
+        if let Some(first) = styles.first() {
+            self.para = first.clone();
+        }
+        self.paras = styles;
+        self.normalize_paras();
+    }
+    /// The same attributes for every paragraph.
+    pub fn set_all_paras(&mut self, style: ParaStyle) {
+        self.para = style;
+        self.paras.clear();
+    }
+    /// Re-establish the `paras` invariant: one entry per paragraph (cut, or extended with the
+    /// last), `paras[0] == para`, and empty when every paragraph is alike.
+    pub fn normalize_paras(&mut self) {
+        if self.paras.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let n = self.paragraph_count();
+        let last = self.paras.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        self.paras.resize(n, last);
+        if let Some(first) = self.paras.first_mut() {
+            first.clone_from(&self.para);
+        }
+        if self.paras.iter().all(|p| *p == self.para) {
+            self.paras.clear();
+        }
+    }
+    /// Indices of the paragraphs that byte range `start..end` of the plain text touches (a caret
+    /// touches its paragraph).
+    pub fn paragraphs_in(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> std::ops::Range<usize> {
+        let text = self.plain_text();
+        let (a, b) = (start.min(end).min(text.len()), start.max(end).min(text.len()));
+        let index = |byte: usize| text.as_bytes().get(..byte).map_or(0, |s| s.iter().filter(|&&c| c == b'\n').count());
+        index(a)..index(b) + 1
+    }
+    /// Apply `f` to the attributes of paragraphs `range` (indices; None = every paragraph).
+    pub fn edit_paras(&mut self, range: Option<std::ops::Range<usize>>, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut ParaStyle)) {
+        match range {
+            None => {
+                f(&mut self.para);
+                for p in &mut self.paras {
+                    f(p);
+                }
+            }
+            Some(r) => {
+                let mut v = self.paragraph_styles();
+                for p in v.iter_mut().take(r.end).skip(r.start) {
+                    f(p);
+                }
+                self.set_paragraph_styles(v);
+            }
+        }
+        self.normalize_paras();
+    }
+    /// Every stored paragraph style (`para` and the per-paragraph ones), for scans and renames.
+    pub fn para_styles_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut ParaStyle> {
+        std::iter::once(&mut self.para).chain(self.paras.iter_mut())
+    }
+    /// Every stored paragraph style (`para` and the per-paragraph ones).
+    pub fn para_styles(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &ParaStyle> {
+        std::iter::once(&self.para).chain(self.paras.iter())
+    }
+    /// Update the paragraph styles for replacing bytes `start..end` of the current plain text by
+    /// `insert` (call before changing the runs). The paragraph the range starts in keeps its
+    /// style (merging paragraphs: the first one's wins); paragraphs the insertion starts take that
+    /// style too (Return continues the paragraph it splits); later paragraphs keep theirs.
+    pub fn splice_paras(&mut self, start: usize, end: usize, insert: &str) {
+        if self.paras.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let r = self.paragraphs_in(start, end);
+        let v = self.paragraph_styles();
+        let Some(keep) = v.get(r.start).cloned() else { return };
+        let added = insert.bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count();
+        let mut out: Vec<ParaStyle> = v.iter().take(r.start + 1).cloned().collect();
+        out.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(keep, added));
+        out.extend(v.iter().skip(r.end).cloned());
+        self.paras = out;
+        if let Some(first) = self.paras.first() {
+            self.para = first.clone();
+        }
+    }
     pub fn first_style(&self) -> CharStyle {
         self.runs.first().map(|r| r.style.clone()).unwrap_or_default()
     }
@@ -932,6 +1102,56 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(CharStyle::default().effective_leading(), 14.399999999999999);
     }
 
+    fn justified(j: Justify) -> ParaStyle {
+        ParaStyle { justify: j, ..ParaStyle::default() }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn paragraph_styles_split_merge_and_normalize() {
+        let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "one\ntwo\nthree", CharStyle::default());
+        assert_eq!((t.paragraph_count(), t.paras.len()), (3, 0), "one style for all: nothing stored");
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(0, 0), 0..1);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(4, 4), 1..2);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(2, 9), 0..3);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(99, 99), 2..3, "clamped to the text");
+        t.edit_paras(Some(1..2), |p| p.justify = Justify::Center);
+        let js = |t: &TextObject| t.paragraph_styles().iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // Return inside "two": the new paragraph continues its style.
+        t.splice_paras(5, 5, "\n");
+        t.runs[0].text.insert(5, '\n');
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // Deleting the break between "one" and "t": the first paragraph's style wins.
+        t.splice_paras(3, 4, "");
+        t.runs[0].text.remove(3);
+        assert_eq!(t.plain_text(), "onet\nwo\nthree");
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // An edit that skips the splice is repaired by normalizing (the last style continues).
+        t.runs[0].text.push_str("\nfour");
+        t.normalize_paras();
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left, Justify::Left]);
+        // `para` is paragraph 0's; all alike collapses to `para` alone.
+        t.edit_paras(Some(0..1), |p| p.justify = Justify::Right);
+        assert_eq!(t.para.justify, Justify::Right);
+        t.edit_paras(None, |p| p.justify = Justify::Right);
+        assert!(t.paras.is_empty() && t.para.justify == Justify::Right);
+        // A short list repeats its last entry, a long one is cut.
+        t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![justified(Justify::Left), justified(Justify::Center)]);
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Center]);
+        t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![justified(Justify::Center); 9]);
+        assert!(t.paras.is_empty() && t.para.justify == Justify::Center);
+        // Old documents (no `paras`) load; new ones keep paragraph 0 in `para`.
+        t.edit_paras(Some(3..4), |p| p.space_before = 4.0);
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(&t).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(json["para"]["justify"], json["paras"][0]["justify"]);
+        let mut old = json.clone();
+        old.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("paras");
+        let back: TextObject = serde_json::from_value(old).unwrap();
+        assert!(back.paras.is_empty() && back.para_at(3).justify == Justify::Center);
+        let back: TextObject = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(back.para_at(3).space_before, 4.0);
+    }
+
     /// 120 × 40 area type at (40, 40), its text drawn at twice its size.
     fn area_type() -> TextObject {
         let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "Some text", CharStyle::default());

crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs

@@ -803,9 +803,10 @@ impl Picked {
                 run_attrs(&mut r.style, &placed, ap);
             }
             if let Some((_, para)) = text.filter(|_| a.paragraph) {
-                t.para = para.clone();
+                // The source's first paragraph's attributes, on every paragraph.
+                t.set_all_paras(para.clone());
             }
-            if text.is_some() && a.character {
+            if text.is_some() && (a.character || a.paragraph) {
                 super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(t);
             }
             return;

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use vectorcraft_color::Swatch;
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, GraphicStyle, ImageBlob, Node, NodeId, PatternDef, Symbol, TextStyleDef};
 use vectorcraft_geom::Rect;
 
-pub use flavours::{BITMAP, EMF, FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, PNG, SVG, TEXT, file_flavour};
+pub use flavours::{BITMAP, EMF, FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, PNG, SVG, TEXT, file_flavour, is_address};
 pub(crate) use resources::SwatchChoices;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -220,6 +220,25 @@ mod tests {
         s
     }
 
+    /// The address a browser's Copy Image puts next to the picture (#597), and text that isn't one.
+    #[test]
+    fn an_address_alone_is_told_from_other_text() {
+        for a in [
+            "https://example.com/cat.png",
+            " http://x.org/a?b=1
+",
+            "HTTPS://EXAMPLE.COM",
+            "file:///C:/art/cat.png",
+            "data:image/png;base64,iVBOR",
+            "blob:https://x.org/1",
+        ] {
+            assert!(is_address(a), "{a}");
+        }
+        for t in ["Pasted words", "see https://example.com", "https://a.org https://b.org", "https://", "example.com/cat.png", ""] {
+            assert!(!is_address(t), "{t}");
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn copy_exports_svg_that_round_trips_through_paste() {
         let mut s = session();

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard/flavours.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ pub const EMF: &str = "image/emf";
 /// What Paste reads from other apps, best first: vector art before text, text before bitmaps
 /// (word processors offer a picture of copied text too).
 pub const PASTE_ORDER: [&str; 5] = [SVG, PDF, EMF, TEXT, BITMAP];
+/// Is `text` only an address (a web page's, an image's, a file's)? A browser's Copy Image puts the
+/// image's address as text next to the picture: then the picture is what Paste takes (#597). An
+/// address alone pastes as text, and nothing is fetched.
+pub fn is_address(text: &str) -> bool {
+    const SCHEMES: [&str; 6] = ["http://", "https://", "file://", "ftp://", "data:", "blob:"];
+    let t = text.trim();
+    !t.chars().any(char::is_whitespace) && SCHEMES.iter().any(|s| t.get(..s.len()).is_some_and(|h| h.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s)) && t.len() > s.len())
+}
+
 /// How much of a copied file [`file_flavour`] needs to tell what it is.
 pub const FILE_HEAD: usize = 4096;
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard/resources.rs

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ fn node_refs(n: &Node, f: Visit) {
                         f(Ref::Name(Res::CharStyle, s));
                     }
                 }
-                if let Some(s) = &t.para.style_name {
+                for s in t.para_styles().filter_map(|pa| pa.style_name.as_ref()) {
                     f(Ref::Name(Res::ParaStyle, s));
                 }
             }
@@ -440,8 +440,10 @@ impl Relink {
                         self.name(Res::CharStyle, s);
                     }
                 }
-                if let Some(s) = &mut t.para.style_name {
-                    self.name(Res::ParaStyle, s);
+                for pa in t.para_styles_mut() {
+                    if let Some(s) = &mut pa.style_name {
+                        self.name(Res::ParaStyle, s);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Image(im) => self.name(Res::Image, &mut im.key),

crates/engine/src/cmd/create.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,16 @@ use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
     vec![
-        cmd!("shape.rectangle", "Rectangle", [], None, "{x, y, width, height, radius?: pt} → {id}", has_doc, rectangle),
-        cmd!("shape.ellipse", "Ellipse", [], None, "{x, y, width, height} → {id}", has_doc, ellipse),
+        cmd!(
+            "shape.rectangle",
+            "Rectangle",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{x, y, width, height, radius?: pt, rotation?: deg (about centre)} → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            rectangle
+        ),
+        cmd!("shape.ellipse", "Ellipse", [], None, "{x, y, width, height, rotation?: deg (about centre)} → {id}", has_doc, ellipse),
         cmd!("shape.polygon", "Polygon", [], None, "{cx, cy, radius, sides=6, rotation?: deg} → {id}", has_doc, polygon),
         cmd!("shape.star", "Star", [], None, "{cx, cy, radius1, radius2, points=5, rotation?: deg} → {id}", has_doc, star),
         cmd!(
@@ -50,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Create Text",
             [],
             None,
-            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\", charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\" (default: emBoxTop and emBoxCenter while the interface is in Japanese, else romanBaseline)} → {id}",
+            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\", charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\" (default: emBoxTop and emBoxCenter while the interface is in Japanese, else romanBaseline)} → {id}; new area type gets Auto Size (fit autoHeight) when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on",
             has_doc,
             text_create
         ),
@@ -163,6 +171,17 @@ fn rect_of(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Rect> {
     Ok(Rect::new(x, y, x + w, y + h).abs())
 }
 
+fn rect_transform(r: Rect, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Affine> {
+    let rotation = if p.get("rotation").is_some() { f64_req(p, "rotation", cmd)? } else { 0.0 };
+    if !rotation.is_finite() {
+        return Err(bad(cmd, "rotation must be finite"));
+    }
+    if rotation == 0.0 {
+        return Ok(Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()));
+    }
+    Ok(Affine::translate(r.center().to_vec2()) * Affine::rotate(rotation.to_radians()) * Affine::translate((-r.width() / 2.0, -r.height() / 2.0)))
+}
+
 fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let r = rect_of(p, "shape.rectangle")?;
     let radius = f64_or(p, "radius", 0.0).max(0.0);
@@ -171,7 +190,7 @@ fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         h: r.height(),
         radii: [radius; 4],
         kinds: Default::default(),
-        xf: Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()),
+        xf: rect_transform(r, p, "shape.rectangle")?,
     };
     let label = if radius > 0.0 { "Rounded Rectangle" } else { "Rectangle" };
     add_art(s, label, path_kind(live.to_path(), Some(live)), None)
@@ -179,7 +198,7 @@ fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn ellipse(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let r = rect_of(p, "shape.ellipse")?;
-    let live = LiveShape::Ellipse { w: r.width(), h: r.height(), pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()) };
+    let live = LiveShape::Ellipse { w: r.width(), h: r.height(), pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: rect_transform(r, p, "shape.ellipse")? };
     add_art(s, "Ellipse", path_kind(live.to_path(), Some(live)), None)
 }
 
@@ -415,10 +434,12 @@ fn text_create(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let w = f64_or(a, "width", 200.0);
         let h = f64_or(a, "height", 100.0);
         t.kind = vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, w, h)) };
+        t.area.fit = new_area_fit(s, a, "text.create")?;
     }
     if bool_or(p, "placeholder", false) {
         super::typemenu::fill_with_placeholder(&mut t);
     } else {
+        // Lays the text out (and sizes an Auto Size frame).
         super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(&mut t);
     }
     add_node(s, "Type", NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)), Appearance::default(), None)
@@ -471,6 +492,13 @@ pub(crate) fn new_type_alignment(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, t: &mut
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// The fit new area type gets: `fit`/`fitMinPercent` from `p` (as `text.areaOptions` takes
+/// them), else Auto Size when the "Auto Size New Area Type" preference is on.
+pub(crate) fn new_area_fit(s: &Session, p: &Value, c: &str) -> Result<vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit> {
+    let default = if s.prefs.auto_size_area_type { vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight } else { vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None };
+    Ok(super::typecmd::fit_param(p, default, c)?.unwrap_or(default))
+}
+
 /// The character style new type gets: `size`, `font`, `style` and `color` from `p`, else the
 /// defaults, filled with the current fill unless that is None or white (black then).
 pub(crate) fn new_type_style(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> CharStyle {

crates/engine/src/cmd/mod.rs

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ pub mod rasterfx;
 mod recolor;
 pub mod recovery;
 mod select;
+pub(crate) mod shaper;
 pub(crate) mod slices;
 mod stroke;
 mod style;
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@ pub fn command_specs() -> &'static [CommandSpec] {
         v.extend(docinfo::specs());
         v.extend(panelcmds::specs());
         v.extend(buildcmds::specs());
+        v.extend(shaper::specs());
         v.extend(brushsym::specs());
         v.extend(patterncmds::specs());
         v.extend(prefscmds::specs());

crates/engine/src/cmd/object.rs

@@ -722,7 +722,8 @@ fn isolate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if st.doc.node(id).is_none_or(|n| !n.is_container()) {
         return Err(bad("object.isolate", "only groups and layers can be isolated"));
     }
-    st.isolation = Some(id);
+    let isolation = st.doc.node(id).filter(|n| n.shaper.is_some()).and_then(|n| n.children()).and_then(|c| c.first()).map_or(id, |n| n.id);
+    st.isolation = Some(isolation);
     st.selection.clear();
     st.revision += 1;
     ok()
@@ -732,7 +733,8 @@ fn exit_isolation(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let st = s.doc_mut()?;
     if let Some(i) = st.isolation.take() {
         super::distortcmds::finish_edit_text(st, i);
-        st.selection.set([i]);
+        let target = st.doc.parent_of(i).filter(|p| st.doc.node(*p).is_some_and(|n| n.shaper.is_some())).unwrap_or(i);
+        st.selection.set([target]);
     }
     st.revision += 1;
     ok()

crates/engine/src/cmd/panelcmds.rs

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character / Paragraph",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), leftIndent?, rightIndent?, firstLineIndent?, spaceBefore?, spaceAfter?: pt, hyphenate?: bool, mojikumi?: \"none\"|\"lineEndHalf\" (Japanese punctuation spacing), direction?: \"auto\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (paragraph direction; auto: from each paragraph's first strong character), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\" (leading measured baseline to baseline, or em box top to top), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\" (where characters smaller than the largest on their line line up with it), burasagari?: \"none\"|\"standard\"|\"forced\" (Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari None/Regular/Force: an East Asian comma or full stop ending an area type line hangs outside it: when it doesn't fit, or always; new type: \"standard\"), composer?: \"singleLine\"|\"everyLine\" (line breaking, Every-line by default)}",
+            "{ids?|id?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), leftIndent?, rightIndent?, firstLineIndent?, spaceBefore?, spaceAfter?: pt (±1296), hyphenate?: bool, mojikumi?: \"none\"|\"lineEndHalf\" (Japanese punctuation spacing), direction?: \"auto\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (paragraph direction; auto: from each paragraph's first strong character), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\" (leading measured baseline to baseline, or em box top to top), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\" (where characters smaller than the largest on their line line up with it), burasagari?: \"none\"|\"standard\"|\"forced\" (Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari None/Regular/Force: an East Asian comma or full stop ending an area type line hangs outside it: when it doesn't fit, or always; new type: \"standard\"), composer?: \"singleLine\"|\"everyLine\" (line breaking, Every-line by default), start?: byte, end?: byte} (with a range: the character attributes style that range and the paragraph attributes apply to the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text)",
             has_doc,
             set_format
         ),
@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ pub(crate) fn push_artboard_copy(d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document, src: &vector
 
 // ---------- text ----------
 
+/// Largest indent or paragraph spacing (points; Illustrator's limit).
+const MAX_PARA: f64 = 1296.0;
+
 fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "text.setFormat";
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = {
@@ -268,11 +271,11 @@ fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             _ => return Err(bad(C, "`burasagari` must be \"none\", \"standard\" or \"forced\"")),
         }),
     };
+    let range = super::typecmd::TextRange::parse(p, C)?;
     s.edit("Character", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
-            for r in &mut t.runs {
-                let st = &mut r.style;
+            super::typecmd::style_chars(t, range, |st| {
                 if let Some(k) = kerning {
                     st.kerning = k;
                 }
@@ -306,41 +309,43 @@ fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 if let Some(v) = char_align {
                     st.char_align = v;
                 }
-            }
-            let para = &mut t.para;
-            if let Some(v) = num("leftIndent") {
-                para.left_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("rightIndent") {
-                para.right_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("firstLineIndent") {
-                para.first_line_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("spaceBefore") {
-                para.space_before = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("spaceAfter") {
-                para.space_after = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = flag("hyphenate") {
-                para.hyphenate = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = mojikumi {
-                para.mojikumi = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = direction {
-                para.direction = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = leading_model {
-                para.leading_model = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = burasagari {
-                para.burasagari = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = composer {
-                para.composer = v;
-            }
+            });
+            let span = super::typecmd::para_span(range, t);
+            t.edit_paras(span, |para| {
+                if let Some(v) = num("leftIndent") {
+                    para.left_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("rightIndent") {
+                    para.right_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("firstLineIndent") {
+                    para.first_line_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("spaceBefore") {
+                    para.space_before = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("spaceAfter") {
+                    para.space_after = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = flag("hyphenate") {
+                    para.hyphenate = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = mojikumi {
+                    para.mojikumi = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = direction {
+                    para.direction = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = leading_model {
+                    para.leading_model = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = burasagari {
+                    para.burasagari = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = composer {
+                    para.composer = v;
+                }
+            });
             super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(t);
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/shaper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+//! Shaper compositions are groups of generated fills/strokes with transparent, editable source
+//! art retained underneath. Recipes select topology regions; source edits re-evaluate them in
+//! the same undo transaction. Rendering and exporters only see ordinary groups and paths.
+use super::*;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+use vectorcraft_doc::shaper::{EdgeEdit, FILL_PREFIX, FaceEdit, FaceSelector, SOURCES, STROKE_PREFIX, ShaperSpec};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, AppearanceItem, Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect, Shape as _};
+use vectorcraft_pathops as po;
+use vectorcraft_tools::builder::{self as b, BuilderMap, Hit};
+
+const MAX_SOURCES: usize = 64;
+const MAX_POINTS: usize = 4096;
+const MAX_EDITS: usize = 8192;
+
+pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
+    vec![
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.scribble",
+            "Shaper",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{points: [[x,y]…], ids?: [id…] (default: nearby art), tolerance?: pt (4)} interior scribbles remove fills; scribbles through several regions merge with the origin fill; ending outside removes fills and boundary strokes; outside scribbles erase stroke pieces. Originals remain editable → {id, regions, strokes}",
+            has_doc,
+            scribble
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.select",
+            "Select Shaper Face",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{point: [x,y], source?: bool} click selects a group, then a face; source enters construction isolation and selects an original → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            select
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.release",
+            "Release Shaper Group",
+            ["Object", "Shaper"],
+            None,
+            "{id? (default: selection)} restore the original paths → {ids}",
+            has_doc,
+            release
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.expand",
+            "Expand Shaper Group",
+            ["Object", "Shaper"],
+            None,
+            "{id? (default: selection)} keep the visible result as ordinary paths → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            expand
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+fn source_group(n: &Node) -> Option<&Node> {
+    n.shaper.as_ref()?;
+    n.children()?.first().map(AsRef::as_ref).filter(|g| g.name.as_deref() == Some(SOURCES))
+}
+fn sources(n: &Node) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
+    source_group(n).and_then(Node::children).cloned().unwrap_or_default()
+}
+fn finite(p: Point) -> bool {
+    p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite() && p.x.abs() <= 1e9 && p.y.abs() <= 1e9
+}
+
+fn map_of(src: &[Arc<Node>]) -> Result<BuilderMap> {
+    if src.is_empty() || src.len() > MAX_SOURCES {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "Shaper needs 1–64 source paths"));
+    }
+    let mut count = 0usize;
+    let mut shapes = vec![];
+    for (i, n) in src.iter().enumerate() {
+        let (mut path, rule) = b::node_outline(n).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.scribble", "use paths or compound paths"))?;
+        count = count.saturating_add(path.subpaths.iter().map(|s| s.segment_count()).sum::<usize>());
+        if count > 4096 || path.subpaths.iter().flat_map(|s| &s.anchors).any(|a| !finite(a.p) || !finite(a.h_in) || !finite(a.h_out)) {
+            return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "source paths are too large for Shaper"));
+        }
+        if !n.visible {
+            path = PathData::default();
+        } else if !n.appearance.fill_paint().is_none() {
+            for sub in path.subpaths.iter_mut().filter(|s| !s.closed) {
+                sub.closed = po::encloses_area(sub);
+            }
+        }
+        shapes.push(po::Shape::new(path, rule, i as u64));
+    }
+    let arrangement = po::shape_builder(&shapes, true);
+    let bounded = |pieces: Vec<po::Shape>| pieces.into_iter().filter_map(|p| p.path.bounds().map(|b| (p, b))).collect();
+    let regions = arrangement
+        .regions
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|r| {
+            let bounds = r.path.bounds()?;
+            let path = r.path.to_bezpath();
+            Some((r, path, bounds))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let map = BuilderMap { shapes, regions, edges: bounded(arrangement.edges), lines: bounded(arrangement.lines) };
+    if map.regions.is_empty() && map.lines.is_empty() && map.edges.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "these paths are too degenerate for Shaper"));
+    }
+    Ok(map)
+}
+
+fn relative(src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize, p: Point) -> Point {
+    let b = src.get(i).and_then(|n| n.geometric_bounds()).unwrap_or(Rect::ZERO);
+    Point::new((p.x - b.x0) / b.width().max(1e-9), (p.y - b.y0) / b.height().max(1e-9))
+}
+fn absolute(src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize, p: Point) -> Point {
+    let b = src.get(i).and_then(|n| n.geometric_bounds()).unwrap_or(Rect::ZERO);
+    Point::new(b.x0 + p.x * b.width(), b.y0 + p.y * b.height())
+}
+fn face_selector(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize) -> Option<FaceSelector> {
+    let (r, _, bounds) = map.regions.get(i)?;
+    let source = *r.sources.first()?;
+    let point = po::interior_point(&r.path).unwrap_or(bounds.center());
+    Some(FaceSelector { sources: r.sources.clone(), anchor: relative(src, source, point) })
+}
+fn selected_face(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], selector: &FaceSelector) -> Option<usize> {
+    let point = absolute(src, *selector.sources.first()?, selector.anchor);
+    map.regions
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, (r, _, _))| r.sources == selector.sources)
+        .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| {
+            let distance = |r: &b::Face| if r.1.winding(point) != 0 { 0.0 } else { r.2.center().distance(point) };
+            distance(a).total_cmp(&distance(b))
+        })
+        .map(|(i, _)| i)
+}
+fn piece_point(path: &PathData) -> Option<Point> {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::ParamCurve as _;
+    let sub = path.subpaths.first()?;
+    (sub.segment_count() > 0).then(|| sub.segment(sub.segment_count() / 2).eval(0.5))
+}
+fn pieces(map: &BuilderMap) -> Vec<&po::Shape> {
+    map.edges.iter().chain(&map.lines).map(|(p, _)| p).collect()
+}
+fn side_sources(map: &BuilderMap, p: &po::Shape) -> [Vec<usize>; 2] {
+    let mut sides = map.sides(p).map(|i| i.and_then(|i| map.regions.get(i)).map_or(vec![], |r| r.0.sources.clone()));
+    sides.sort();
+    sides
+}
+fn edge_selector(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], piece: &po::Shape) -> Option<EdgeEdit> {
+    let source = usize::try_from(piece.key).ok()?;
+    Some(EdgeEdit { source, sides: side_sources(map, piece), anchor: relative(src, source, piece_point(&piece.path)?), erase: true, paint: None })
+}
+fn selected_edge(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], edit: &EdgeEdit) -> Option<usize> {
+    let point = absolute(src, edit.source, edit.anchor);
+    pieces(map)
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, p)| p.key == edit.source as u64 && side_sources(map, p) == edit.sides)
+        .filter_map(|(i, p)| p.path.nearest(point).map(|(_, _, _, _, distance)| (i, distance)))
+        .min_by(|a, b| a.1.total_cmp(&b.1))
+        .map(|p| p.0)
+}
+fn face_edits<'a>(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], spec: &'a ShaperSpec) -> BTreeMap<usize, &'a FaceEdit> {
+    spec.faces.iter().filter_map(|e| selected_face(map, src, &e.selector).map(|i| (i, e))).collect()
+}
+fn fill_source(src: &[Arc<Node>], r: &po::Region) -> Option<usize> {
+    r.sources.iter().rev().copied().find(|i| src.get(*i).is_some_and(|s| s.visible && !s.appearance.fill_paint().is_none()))
+}
+/// Regions separated only by covered strokes are one visible face. A visible line
+/// through a circle still separates two faces, even though their fills have the same source.
+fn visible_components(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], edits: &BTreeMap<usize, &FaceEdit>) -> Vec<usize> {
+    fn root(parents: &[usize], mut i: usize) -> usize {
+        for _ in 0..parents.len() {
+            let Some(&next) = parents.get(i) else { return i };
+            if next == i {
+                return i;
+            }
+            i = next;
+        }
+        i
+    }
+    let owner = |i: usize| {
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        if edit.is_some_and(|e| e.erase || e.paint.as_ref().is_some_and(|a| a.fill_paint().is_none())) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(src, &r.0)))
+    };
+    let mut parents: Vec<usize> = (0..map.regions.len()).collect();
+    for piece in pieces(map) {
+        let [Some(a), Some(b)] = map.sides(piece) else { continue };
+        let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (owner(a), owner(b)) else { continue };
+        let merge = |i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        let merged = merge(a).is_some() && merge(a) == merge(b);
+        let covered = left as u64 > piece.key && right as u64 > piece.key;
+        let unstroked = src.get(piece.key as usize).is_none_or(|n| !n.visible || n.appearance.stroke_paint().is_none());
+        if (left == right || merged) && (merged || covered || unstroked) {
+            let (a, b) = (root(&parents, a), root(&parents, b));
+            if let Some(parent) = parents.get_mut(a) {
+                *parent = b;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    (0..parents.len()).map(|i| root(&parents, i)).collect()
+}
+
+fn fill_style(mut a: Appearance) -> Appearance {
+    a.items.retain(AppearanceItem::is_fill);
+    a
+}
+fn stroke_style(mut a: Appearance) -> Appearance {
+    a.items.retain(|i| !i.is_fill());
+    a
+}
+
+/// Join compatible strokes at two-way junctions. Branches stay separate; a line
+/// crossing a circle must not turn into the circle's outline at the intersection.
+fn join_strokes(nodes: Vec<Arc<Node>>) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
+    const TOL: f64 = 1e-5;
+    type End = (usize, bool);
+    let mut buckets: BTreeMap<(i64, i64), Vec<(End, Point)>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    let key = |p: Point| finite(p).then(|| ((p.x / TOL).floor() as i64, (p.y / TOL).floor() as i64));
+    for (i, n) in nodes.iter().enumerate() {
+        let Some(sp) = n.path_data().filter(|p| p.subpaths.len() == 1).and_then(|p| p.subpaths.first()).filter(|p| !p.closed) else { continue };
+        for (last, a) in [(false, sp.anchors.first()), (true, sp.anchors.last())] {
+            if let Some(a) = a
+                && let Some(key) = key(a.p)
+            {
+                buckets.entry(key).or_default().push(((i, last), a.p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut connections: BTreeMap<End, End> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for entries in buckets.values() {
+        for &(end, p) in entries {
+            let Some((x, y)) = key(p) else { continue };
+            let mut near = vec![];
+            for dx in -1..=1 {
+                for dy in -1..=1 {
+                    if let Some(entries) = buckets.get(&(x + dx, y + dy)) {
+                        near.extend(entries.iter().filter(|(_, q)| p.distance(*q) <= TOL).map(|(end, _)| *end));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if near.len() != 2 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(other) = near.into_iter().find(|e| *e != end) else { continue };
+            let Some((a, b)) = nodes.get(end.0).zip(nodes.get(other.0)) else { continue };
+            if a.appearance == b.appearance && a.opacity == b.opacity && a.blend == b.blend {
+                connections.insert(end, other);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut seen = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    // Open chains first, then closed loops. This avoids beginning in a chain's middle.
+    let starts = nodes
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .flat_map(|(i, _)| [(i, false), (i, true)])
+        .filter(|e| !connections.contains_key(e))
+        .chain(nodes.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, _)| (i, false)));
+    for start in starts {
+        if seen.contains(&start.0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(node) = nodes.get(start.0).filter(|n| n.path_data().is_none_or(|p| p.subpaths.len() != 1)) {
+            seen.insert(start.0);
+            out.push(node.clone());
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut end = start;
+        let mut prototype = start.0;
+        let mut path = vectorcraft_geom::SubPath::default();
+        loop {
+            if !seen.insert(end.0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            prototype = prototype.min(end.0);
+            let Some(mut next) = nodes.get(end.0).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).and_then(|p| p.subpaths.first()).cloned() else { break };
+            if end.1 {
+                next.reverse();
+            }
+            if path.anchors.is_empty() {
+                path = next;
+            } else {
+                if let Some((a, b)) = path.anchors.last_mut().zip(next.anchors.first()) {
+                    *a = vectorcraft_geom::Anchor::with_handles(a.p, a.h_in, b.h_out);
+                }
+                path.anchors.extend(next.anchors.into_iter().skip(1));
+            }
+            let Some(&next) = connections.get(&(end.0, !end.1)) else { break };
+            if next == start {
+                if let Some(last) = path.anchors.pop()
+                    && let Some(first) = path.anchors.first_mut()
+                {
+                    *first = vectorcraft_geom::Anchor::with_handles(first.p, last.h_in, first.h_out);
+                }
+                path.closed = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            end = next;
+        }
+        if let Some(mut node) = nodes.get(prototype).cloned() {
+            if let Some(p) = Arc::make_mut(&mut node).path_data_mut() {
+                *p = PathData::new(vec![path]);
+            }
+            out.push(node);
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+fn generated(d: &mut Document, src: &[Arc<Node>], spec: &ShaperSpec, map: &BuilderMap) -> Result<Vec<Arc<Node>>> {
+    if spec.faces.len() + spec.edges.len() > MAX_EDITS {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "too many Shaper edits"));
+    }
+    let edits = face_edits(map, src, spec);
+    let mut fills: BTreeMap<(Option<u64>, usize), Vec<usize>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for (i, (r, _, _)) in map.regions.iter().enumerate() {
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        if edit.is_some_and(|e| e.erase) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| fill_source(src, r)).is_none() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let merge = edit.and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        fills.entry((merge, if merge.is_some() { 0 } else { i })).or_default().push(i);
+    }
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    for indices in fills.values() {
+        let Some(&i) = indices.first() else { continue };
+        let Some((region, _, _)) = map.regions.get(i) else { continue };
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        let Some(source) = edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| fill_source(src, region)).and_then(|i| src.get(i)) else { continue };
+        let path = po::unite_all(&indices.iter().filter_map(|i| map.regions.get(*i).map(|r| (&r.0.path, FillRule::NonZero))).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+        let style = edit.and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()).unwrap_or_else(|| source.appearance.clone());
+        let mut n = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), path, fill_style(style));
+        n.opacity = source.opacity;
+        n.blend = source.blend;
+        n.name = Some(format!("{FILL_PREFIX}{i}"));
+        out.push(Arc::new(n));
+    }
+    let edge_edits: BTreeMap<usize, &EdgeEdit> = spec.edges.iter().filter_map(|e| selected_edge(map, src, e).map(|i| (i, e))).collect();
+    let mut strokes = vec![];
+    for (i, piece) in pieces(map).into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let sides = map.sides(piece);
+        let merge = |r: Option<usize>| r.and_then(|r| edits.get(&r)).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        let merged_inside = merge(sides[0]).is_some() && merge(sides[0]) == merge(sides[1]);
+        // An exiting scribble removes the exposed stroke around the deleted area.
+        // Its shared boundary with surviving art still closes that art's contour.
+        let erased_boundary =
+            sides.iter().any(Option::is_some) && sides.iter().all(|r| r.is_none_or(|r| edits.get(&r).is_some_and(|e| e.erase && e.erase_edges)));
+        let occluded = sides
+            .iter()
+            .all(|r| r.and_then(|r| map.regions.get(r)).and_then(|r| fill_source(src, &r.0)).is_some_and(|source| source as u64 > piece.key));
+        if merged_inside || erased_boundary || occluded || edge_edits.get(&i).is_some_and(|e| e.erase) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Some(source) = src.get(piece.key as usize) else { continue };
+        let style = edge_edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()).unwrap_or_else(|| source.appearance.clone());
+        if style.stroke_paint().is_none() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut n = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), piece.path.clone(), stroke_style(style));
+        n.opacity = source.opacity;
+        n.blend = source.blend;
+        n.name = Some(format!("{STROKE_PREFIX}{i}"));
+        strokes.push(Arc::new(n));
+    }
+    out.extend(join_strokes(strokes));
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// Re-evaluate only groups whose original art changed. Errors reach Session::edit's rollback.
+pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut ids = vec![];
+    d.walk(|n| {
+        if n.shaper.is_some() {
+            ids.push(n.id)
+        }
+    });
+    for id in ids {
+        let Some(current) = d.node(id).cloned() else { continue };
+        let Some(old) = before.node(id) else { continue };
+        let src = sources(&current);
+        let source_changed = sources(old) != src;
+        let output_changed = current.children().is_some_and(|children| {
+            children
+                .iter()
+                .skip(1)
+                .any(|n| old.children().and_then(|c| c.iter().find(|o| o.id == n.id)).is_some_and(|o| o.appearance != n.appearance))
+        });
+        if !source_changed && !output_changed {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if src.is_empty() {
+            d.remove(id)?;
+            continue;
+        }
+        let map = map_of(&src)?;
+        let mut spec = current.shaper.as_deref().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        let previous = sources(old);
+        if previous.iter().map(|s| s.id).ne(src.iter().map(|s| s.id)) {
+            // Source insertion, deletion or reordering updates the index-based recipes.
+            let index = |i: usize| previous.get(i).and_then(|old| src.iter().position(|n| n.id == old.id));
+            spec.faces.retain_mut(|e| {
+                let Some(indices) = e.selector.sources.iter().map(|i| index(*i)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>() else { return false };
+                let paint_source = match e.paint_source {
+                    Some(i) => {
+                        let Some(i) = index(i) else { return false };
+                        Some(i)
+                    }
+                    None => None,
+                };
+                e.selector.sources = indices;
+                e.selector.sources.sort();
+                e.paint_source = paint_source;
+                true
+            });
+            spec.edges.retain_mut(|e| {
+                let Some(source) = index(e.source) else { return false };
+                for side in &mut e.sides {
+                    let Some(indices) = side.iter().map(|i| index(*i)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>() else { return false };
+                    *side = indices;
+                    side.sort();
+                }
+                e.sides.sort();
+                e.source = source;
+                true
+            });
+        }
+        if output_changed {
+            for n in current.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(1) {
+                let Some(o) = old.children().and_then(|c| c.iter().find(|o| o.id == n.id)) else { continue };
+                if o.appearance == n.appearance {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if let Some(i) = n.name.as_deref().and_then(|s| s.strip_prefix(FILL_PREFIX)).and_then(|s| s.parse::<usize>().ok()) {
+                    let existing = face_edits(&map, &src, &spec);
+                    let merge = existing.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+                    let components = visible_components(&map, &src, &existing);
+                    let related: Vec<usize> = if let Some(m) = merge {
+                        existing.iter().filter(|(_, e)| e.merge == Some(m)).map(|(i, _)| *i).collect()
+                    } else {
+                        components.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| Some(*c) == components.get(i)).map(|(i, _)| i).collect()
+                    };
+                    for i in related {
+                        let Some(selector) = face_selector(&map, &src, i) else { continue };
+                        if let Some(e) = spec.faces.iter_mut().rev().find(|e| e.selector == selector) {
+                            e.paint = Some(n.appearance.clone());
+                        } else {
+                            spec.faces.push(FaceEdit {
+                                selector,
+                                erase: false,
+                                erase_edges: false,
+                                paint_source: None,
+                                merge,
+                                paint: Some(n.appearance.clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX)) {
+                    // One joined output may contain pieces from several original paths.
+                    for piece in pieces(&map) {
+                        let contained = piece
+                            .path
+                            .subpaths
+                            .iter()
+                            .flat_map(|s| &s.anchors)
+                            .all(|a| n.path_data().and_then(|p| p.nearest(a.p)).is_some_and(|p| p.4 < 1e-5))
+                            && piece_point(&piece.path).is_some_and(|point| n.path_data().and_then(|p| p.nearest(point)).is_some_and(|p| p.4 < 1e-5));
+                        if contained && let Some(mut e) = edge_selector(&map, &src, piece) {
+                            e.erase = false;
+                            e.paint = Some(n.appearance.clone());
+                            spec.edges.push(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let mut children = current.children().and_then(|c| c.first()).cloned().into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let old_ids: BTreeMap<&str, NodeId> =
+            current.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(1).filter_map(|n| n.name.as_deref().map(|name| (name, n.id))).collect();
+        for mut n in generated(d, &src, &spec, &map)? {
+            if let Some(id) = n.name.as_deref().and_then(|name| old_ids.get(name)) {
+                Arc::make_mut(&mut n).id = *id;
+            }
+            children.push(n);
+        }
+        let n = d.node_mut(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        n.shaper = Some(Box::new(spec));
+        if let Some(ch) = n.children_mut() {
+            *ch = children;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn candidates(s: &Session, p: &Value, points: &[Point], tolerance: f64) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let area = points.iter().fold(Rect::new(f64::MAX, f64::MAX, f64::MIN, f64::MIN), |b, p| b.union_pt(*p)).inflate(tolerance, tolerance);
+    let supplied = p.get("ids").and_then(Value::as_array).map(|v| v.iter().filter_map(Value::as_u64).map(NodeId).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let expand = supplied.is_none() && st.selection.objects.len() < 2;
+    let ids = supplied.unwrap_or_else(|| if st.selection.objects.len() > 1 { st.selection.objects.clone() } else { st.doc.selectable_art() });
+    let eligible: Vec<NodeId> = ids
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|id| {
+            st.doc.is_editable(*id)
+                && st.doc.node(*id).is_some_and(|n| {
+                    !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { guide: true, .. } | NodeKind::Path { clipping: true, .. })
+                        && (n.shaper.is_some() || b::node_outline(n).is_some())
+                })
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let bounds = |id| st.doc.node(id).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds).map(|b| b.inflate(tolerance, tolerance));
+    let overlaps = |a: Rect, b: Rect| a.intersect(b).area() > 0.0;
+    let mut ids: Vec<NodeId> = eligible.iter().copied().filter(|id| bounds(*id).is_some_and(|b| overlaps(b, area))).collect();
+    if expand {
+        // A protruding line must still be split at the shape it passes through, even when
+        // the scribble itself never enters that shape. Include the connected neighbourhood.
+        loop {
+            let next: Vec<NodeId> = eligible
+                .iter()
+                .copied()
+                .filter(|id| {
+                    !ids.contains(id)
+                        && bounds(*id).is_some_and(|bb| {
+                            ids.iter()
+                                .any(|other| st.doc.parent_of(*other) == st.doc.parent_of(*id) && bounds(*other).is_some_and(|b| overlaps(bb, b)))
+                        })
+                })
+                .collect();
+            if next.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+            ids.extend(next);
+            if ids.len() > MAX_SOURCES {
+                return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "too many overlapping paths for Shaper"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let ids = b::sorted_roots(&st.doc, &ids);
+    let parent = ids.first().and_then(|id| st.doc.position(*id)).map(|p| p.0);
+    if ids.iter().any(|id| st.doc.position(*id).map(|p| p.0) != parent) {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "overlapping Shaper paths must be in the same layer or group"));
+    }
+    Ok(ids)
+}
+
+fn scribble(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "shaper.scribble";
+    let input = p
+        .get("points")
+        .and_then(Value::as_array)
+        .filter(|a| !a.is_empty() && a.len() <= MAX_POINTS)
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "points must contain 1–4096 coordinates"))?;
+    let pts = input
+        .iter()
+        .map(|v| point_param(&json!({"p": v}), "p").filter(|p| finite(*p)).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "invalid point")))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+    let tolerance = f64_or(p, "tolerance", 4.0);
+    if !tolerance.is_finite() || !(0.01..=1000.0).contains(&tolerance) {
+        return Err(bad(C, "invalid tolerance"));
+    }
+    let step = (tolerance / 2.0).max(0.5);
+    let sample_count = pts.windows(2).map(|w| (w[0].distance(w[1]) / step).ceil()).sum::<f64>();
+    if sample_count > 65_536.0 {
+        return Err(bad(C, "scribble is too long"));
+    }
+    let points = b::sample_polyline(&pts, step);
+    let roots = candidates(s, p, &points, tolerance)?;
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(json!({"id": null, "regions": 0, "strokes": 0}));
+    }
+    let mut src = vec![];
+    let mut spec = ShaperSpec::default();
+    let mut next_merge = 1u64;
+    for id in &roots {
+        let n = s.doc()?.doc.node(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
+        if let Some(previous) = n.shaper.as_deref() {
+            let offset = src.len();
+            let merge_offset = next_merge;
+            for mut e in previous.faces.clone() {
+                for i in &mut e.selector.sources {
+                    *i = i.saturating_add(offset);
+                }
+                e.paint_source = e.paint_source.map(|i| i.saturating_add(offset));
+                e.merge = e.merge.map(|i| i.saturating_add(merge_offset));
+                next_merge = next_merge.max(e.merge.unwrap_or(0).saturating_add(1));
+                spec.faces.push(e);
+            }
+            for mut e in previous.edges.clone() {
+                e.source = e.source.saturating_add(offset);
+                for side in &mut e.sides {
+                    for i in side {
+                        *i = i.saturating_add(offset);
+                    }
+                }
+                spec.edges.push(e);
+            }
+            src.extend(sources(n));
+        } else {
+            src.push(Arc::new(n.clone()));
+        }
+    }
+    let map = map_of(&src)?;
+    let edits = face_edits(&map, &src, &spec);
+    let filled = |i: usize| edits.get(&i).is_none_or(|e| !e.erase) && map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(&src, &r.0)).is_some();
+    let components = visible_components(&map, &src, &edits);
+    let faces: std::collections::BTreeSet<usize> =
+        points.iter().filter_map(|p| map.region_at(*p)).filter(|i| filled(*i)).filter_map(|i| components.get(i).copied()).collect();
+    let touched: Vec<usize> = components.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| faces.contains(c)).map(|(i, _)| i).collect();
+    let first = points.first().copied().unwrap_or(Point::ZERO);
+    let last = points.last().copied().unwrap_or(first);
+    let origin = map.region_at(first).filter(|i| filled(*i));
+    let exits = map.region_at(last).is_none();
+    let merge = origin.is_some() && faces.len() > 1 && !exits;
+    let paint_source =
+        origin.and_then(|i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(&src, &r.0))));
+    let origin_paint = origin.and_then(|i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()));
+    for &i in &touched {
+        if let Some(selector) = face_selector(&map, &src, i) {
+            spec.faces.push(FaceEdit {
+                selector,
+                erase: !merge,
+                erase_edges: exits,
+                paint_source,
+                merge: merge.then_some(next_merge),
+                paint: origin_paint.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    let mut strokes = 0;
+    if touched.is_empty() {
+        let mut piece_ids = vec![];
+        for point in &points {
+            let index = match map.hit(*point, Some(tolerance)) {
+                Some(Hit::Line(i)) => Some(map.edges.len() + i),
+                Some(Hit::Edge(i)) => Some(i),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            if let Some(i) = index
+                && !piece_ids.contains(&i)
+            {
+                piece_ids.push(i);
+            }
+        }
+        for i in piece_ids {
+            if let Some(e) = pieces(&map).get(i).and_then(|p| edge_selector(&map, &src, p)) {
+                spec.edges.push(e);
+                strokes += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if touched.is_empty() && strokes == 0 {
+        return Ok(json!({"id": null, "regions": 0, "strokes": 0}));
+    }
+    let id = s.edit("Shaper", |d, sel| {
+        let top = *roots.last().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "no source art"))?;
+        let (parent, index, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
+        let earlier = roots.iter().filter(|id| **id != top && d.position(**id).is_some_and(|p| p.1 < index)).count();
+        let source_id = d.alloc_id();
+        let mut source = Node::group(source_id, src.clone());
+        source.name = Some(SOURCES.into());
+        source.opacity = 0.0;
+        let mut children = vec![Arc::new(source)];
+        children.extend(generated(d, &src, &spec, &map)?);
+        let id = d.alloc_id();
+        let mut group = Node::group(id, children);
+        group.name = Some("Shaper Group".into());
+        group.shaper = Some(Box::new(spec));
+        for id in &roots {
+            d.remove(*id)?;
+        }
+        d.insert(parent, index.saturating_sub(earlier), group)?;
+        sel.set([id]);
+        Ok(id)
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"id": id.0, "regions": touched.len(), "strokes": strokes}))
+}
+
+fn group_at(d: &Document, point: Point, construction: bool) -> Option<NodeId> {
+    let mut groups = vec![];
+    d.walk(|n| {
+        if n.shaper.is_some()
+            && d.is_editable(n.id)
+            && (if construction { source_group(n).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds) } else { n.geometric_bounds() })
+                .is_some_and(|b| b.inflate(6.0, 6.0).contains(point))
+        {
+            groups.push(n.id)
+        }
+    });
+    groups.last().copied()
+}
+fn select(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let point = point_param(p, "point").filter(|p| finite(*p)).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.select", "missing point"))?;
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let source = bool_or(p, "source", false);
+    let Some(group) = group_at(&st.doc, point, source) else { return Ok(json!({"id": null})) };
+    let node = st.doc.node(group).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(group))?;
+    let target = if source {
+        sources(node)
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find(|n| {
+                b::node_outline(n)
+                    .is_some_and(|(path, _)| path.to_bezpath().winding(point) != 0 || path.nearest(point).is_some_and(|(_, _, _, _, d)| d < 6.0))
+            })
+            .map(|n| n.id)
+            .unwrap_or(group)
+    } else if st.selection.contains(group) {
+        node.children()
+            .into_iter()
+            .flatten()
+            .skip(1)
+            .find(|n| {
+                n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|n| n.starts_with(FILL_PREFIX)) && n.path_data().is_some_and(|p| p.to_bezpath().winding(point) != 0)
+            })
+            .map_or(group, |n| n.id)
+    } else {
+        group
+    };
+    let isolation = source.then(|| source_group(node).map(|n| n.id)).flatten();
+    s.select(|_, sel| sel.set([target]))?;
+    if let Some(id) = isolation {
+        s.doc_mut()?.isolation = Some(id);
+    }
+    Ok(json!({"id": target.0}))
+}
+fn target(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<NodeId> {
+    let id = id_param(p, "id")
+        .or_else(|| s.active().and_then(|d| d.selection.objects.first().copied()))
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.release", "select a Shaper group"))?;
+    s.doc()?.doc.node(id).filter(|n| n.shaper.is_some()).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.release", "select a Shaper group"))?;
+    Ok(id)
+}
+fn release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let id = target(s, p)?;
+    let ids = s.edit("Release Shaper Group", |d, sel| {
+        let original = d.node(id).map(sources).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        let (parent, index, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        d.remove(id)?;
+        let mut ids = vec![];
+        for (i, n) in original.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            ids.push(d.insert(parent, index + i, (*n).clone())?);
+        }
+        sel.set(ids.iter().copied());
+        Ok(ids)
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()}))
+}
+fn expand(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let id = target(s, p)?;
+    s.edit("Expand Shaper Group", |d, sel| {
+        let n = d.node_mut(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        n.shaper = None;
+        n.name = None;
+        if let Some(children) = n.children_mut()
+            && children.first().is_some_and(|c| c.name.as_deref() == Some(SOURCES))
+        {
+            children.remove(0);
+        }
+        sel.set([id]);
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"id": id.0}))
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/tabs.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeKind, TabAlign, TabStop};
 
-use super::typecmd::{refresh_bounds, text_targets};
+use super::typecmd::{TextRange, para_span, refresh_bounds, text_targets};
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -13,12 +13,25 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Set Tab Stops",
             ["Window", "Tabs"],
             None,
-            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?} replace the tab stops of the selected text",
+            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte} replace the tab stops of the selected text (with a range: of the paragraphs it touches)",
             has_selection,
             set
         ),
-        cmd!(query "text.tabs.get", "Tab Stops", [], None, "{ids?} → {stops} of the first selected text object", has_selection, get),
-        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(s, p, vec![], "Clear All Tabs")),
+        cmd!(
+            query "text.tabs.get",
+            "Tab Stops",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{ids?, start?: byte} → {stops} of the first selected text object (its paragraph at `start`; default the first)",
+            has_selection,
+            get
+        ),
+        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(
+            s,
+            p,
+            vec![],
+            "Clear All Tabs"
+        )),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -54,11 +67,13 @@ fn set(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, stops: Vec<TabStop>, label: &str) -> Result<Value> {
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.tabs.set")?;
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, "text.tabs.set")?;
     let n = stops.len();
     s.edit(label, |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
-                t.para.tabs = stops.clone();
+                let span = para_span(range, t);
+                t.edit_paras(span, |pa| pa.tabs = stops.clone());
                 refresh_bounds(t);
             }
         }
@@ -69,9 +84,10 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, stops: Vec<TabStop>, label: &str) -> Result
 
 fn get(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.tabs.get")?;
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, "text.tabs.get")?;
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let tabs = ids.iter().find_map(|id| match st.doc.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind) {
-        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => Some(t.para.tabs.clone()),
+        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => Some(t.para_at(para_span(range, t).map_or(0, |r| r.start)).tabs.clone()),
         _ => None,
     });
     Ok(json!({ "stops": serde_json::to_value(tabs.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap_or(Value::Null) }))

crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area / Path Type",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create), leadingModel?, charAlign? (as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id}",
+            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent? (area: as text.areaOptions; default autoHeight when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on), placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create), leadingModel?, charAlign? (as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id}",
             has_doc,
             create_in_path
         ),
@@ -135,6 +135,13 @@ fn edit_range(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let insert = str_param(p, "insert").unwrap_or("").to_string();
     let caret = s.edit("Typing", |d, _| {
         let t = text_mut(d, id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        // Paragraph styles follow the edit: a split paragraph's new one continues its style, a
+        // merge keeps the first paragraph's.
+        let inserted: String = match &styled {
+            Some(r) => r.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect(),
+            None => insert.clone(),
+        };
+        t.splice_paras(a, b, &inserted);
         let caret = match &styled {
             Some(r) => edit::replace_range_styled(&mut t.runs, a, b, r),
             None => edit::replace_range(&mut t.runs, a, b, &insert),
@@ -463,6 +470,7 @@ fn create_in_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
         runs: vec![TextRun { text, style }],
         para: super::create::new_type_para(),
+        paras: Vec::new(),
         area: Default::default(),
         path_effect: Default::default(),
         path_align: Default::default(),
@@ -472,6 +480,9 @@ fn create_in_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         cached_baselines: Vec::new(),
     };
     super::create::new_type_alignment(s, p, C, &mut t)?;
+    if !on_path {
+        t.area.fit = super::create::new_area_fit(s, p, C)?;
+    }
     if bool_or(p, "placeholder", false) {
         super::typemenu::fill_with_placeholder(&mut t);
     } else {
@@ -597,6 +608,7 @@ fn headline_tracking(t: &TextObject, target: f64) -> Option<f64> {
             xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
             runs: head.clone(),
             para: Default::default(),
+            paras: Vec::new(),
             area: Default::default(),
             path_effect: Default::default(),
             path_align: Default::default(),

crates/engine/src/cmd/textstyles.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ macro_rules! style_cmds {
                 concat!($p, ".apply"),
                 concat!("Apply ", $what, " Style"),
                 &[],
-                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id + start?/end? (a Type tool range)} → {count}",
+                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id + start?/end? (a Type tool range: character styles style it, paragraph styles apply to the paragraphs it touches)} → {count}",
                 |s, p| apply(s, p, $kind),
                 true,
             ),
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn text_mut(d: &mut Document, id: NodeId) -> Option<&mut vectorcraft_doc::TextOb
     }
 }
 
-/// How many runs (char) or text objects (para) use `name`.
+/// How many runs (char) or paragraphs (para) use `name`.
 fn uses(d: &Document, kind: Kind, name: &str) -> usize {
     let target = (name != kind.normal()).then_some(name);
     let mut n = 0;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ fn uses(d: &Document, kind: Kind, name: &str) -> usize {
         if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &node.kind {
             n += match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter().filter(|r| r.style.style_name.as_deref() == target).count(),
-                Kind::Para => usize::from(t.para.style_name.as_deref() == target),
+                Kind::Para => (0..t.paragraph_count()).filter(|&i| t.para_at(i).style_name.as_deref() == target).count(),
             };
         }
     });
@@ -210,9 +210,11 @@ fn update_users(d: &mut Document, kind: Kind, name: &str, old: &Map<String, Valu
                 }
             }
             Kind::Para => {
-                if t.para.style_name == target {
-                    t.para = restyle(&t.para, old, new);
-                    changed = true;
+                for pa in t.para_styles_mut() {
+                    if pa.style_name == target {
+                        *pa = restyle(pa, old, new);
+                        changed = true;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -231,12 +233,11 @@ fn selection_attrs(s: &Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Option<Map<Stri
         None => text_targets(s, &json!({}), "").ok().and_then(|v| v.first().copied()),
     };
     let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = id.and_then(|i| d.node(i)).map(|n| &n.kind) else { return Ok(None) };
+    let at = p.get("start").and_then(Value::as_u64).map_or(0, |v| usize::try_from(v).unwrap_or(usize::MAX));
     Ok(Some(match kind {
-        Kind::Char => {
-            let at = p.get("start").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0) as usize;
-            to_attrs(&vectorcraft_text::edit::style_at(&t.runs, at))
-        }
-        Kind::Para => to_attrs(&t.para),
+        Kind::Char => to_attrs(&vectorcraft_text::edit::style_at(&t.runs, at)),
+        // The paragraph at `start`.
+        Kind::Para => to_attrs(t.para_at(t.paragraphs_in(at, at).start)),
     }))
 }
 
@@ -329,8 +330,9 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
     let normal = kind.attrs(d, kind.normal()).unwrap_or_default();
     let clear = bool_or(p, "clearOverrides", false);
     let style_name = (name != kind.normal()).then(|| name.clone());
-    // A Type tool range (character styles only) or whole text objects.
-    let range = id_param(p, "id").filter(|_| kind == Kind::Char && (p.get("start").is_some() || p.get("end").is_some()));
+    // A Type tool range or whole text objects.
+    let text_range = super::typecmd::TextRange::parse(p, &c)?;
+    let range = id_param(p, "id").filter(|_| text_range.is_some());
     let ids = match range.or_else(|| id_param(p, "id")) {
         Some(id) => vec![id],
         None => text_targets(s, p, &c)?,
@@ -376,7 +378,17 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
                         return Err(e);
                     }
                 }
-                Kind::Para => t.para = para_fn(&t.para)?,
+                Kind::Para => {
+                    let mut v = t.paragraph_styles();
+                    let span = match (range, text_range) {
+                        (Some(_), Some(r)) => r.paras(t),
+                        _ => 0..v.len(),
+                    };
+                    for st in v.iter_mut().take(span.end).skip(span.start) {
+                        *st = para_fn(st)?;
+                    }
+                    t.set_paragraph_styles(v);
+                }
             }
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -447,7 +459,7 @@ fn rename(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
             };
             match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| fix(&mut r.style.style_name)),
-                Kind::Para => fix(&mut t.para.style_name),
+                Kind::Para => t.para_styles_mut().for_each(|pa| fix(&mut pa.style_name)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -472,7 +484,7 @@ fn delete(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
             };
             match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| fix(&mut r.style.style_name)),
-                Kind::Para => fix(&mut t.para.style_name),
+                Kind::Para => t.para_styles_mut().for_each(|pa| fix(&mut pa.style_name)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/threads.rs

@@ -75,14 +75,24 @@ pub(crate) fn reflow(before: &Document, doc: &mut Document) {
         });
         // The story: live frames' runs, plus the text of frames deleted by this edit.
         let mut story: Vec<TextRun> = vec![];
+        let mut sources: Vec<TextObject> = vec![];
+        let mut later_wins = vec![];
         let mut live = vec![];
         for id in &thread {
             match (text_of(doc, *id), text_of(before, *id)) {
-                (Some(t), _) => {
+                (Some(t), old) => {
                     story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
+                    // A frame whose first paragraph was just restyled gives the paragraph it
+                    // shares with the frame before it that style.
+                    later_wins.push(old.is_some_and(|o| o.para_at(0) != t.para_at(0)));
+                    sources.push(t.clone());
                     live.push(*id);
                 }
-                (None, Some(old)) => story.extend(old.runs.iter().cloned()),
+                (None, Some(old)) => {
+                    story.extend(old.runs.iter().cloned());
+                    later_wins.push(false);
+                    sources.push(old.clone());
+                }
                 (None, None) => {}
             }
         }
@@ -92,16 +102,33 @@ pub(crate) fn reflow(before: &Document, doc: &mut Document) {
             }
             continue;
         }
+        let source_refs: Vec<&TextObject> = sources.iter().collect();
+        let paras = vectorcraft_text::thread::story_paras(&source_refs, &later_wins);
         vectorcraft_text::edit::normalize(&mut story);
+        if live.len() >= 2 {
+            // Threaded frames keep their size: Auto Size is off for them (as in Illustrator).
+            for id in &live {
+                if text_of(doc, *id).is_some_and(|t| t.area.fit == vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight)
+                    && let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
+                {
+                    t.area.fit = vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None;
+                }
+            }
+        }
         let frames: Vec<TextObject> = live.iter().filter_map(|id| text_of(doc, *id).cloned()).collect();
         let refs: Vec<&TextObject> = frames.iter().collect();
-        let parts = vectorcraft_text::thread::distribute(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &refs, &story);
-        for (id, runs) in live.iter().zip(parts) {
-            if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
-                && t.runs != runs
-            {
-                t.runs = runs;
-                refresh_bounds(t);
+        let parts = vectorcraft_text::thread::distribute(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &refs, &story, &paras);
+        for (id, part) in live.iter().zip(parts) {
+            if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
+                let mut next = (**t).clone();
+                next.runs = part.runs;
+                next.set_paragraph_styles(part.paras);
+                if next.runs != t.runs || next.para != t.para || next.paras != t.paras {
+                    t.runs = next.runs;
+                    t.para = next.para;
+                    t.paras = next.paras;
+                    refresh_bounds(t);
+                }
             }
         }
         if live.len() >= 2 {
@@ -183,15 +210,17 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 continue;
             }
             let mut story: Vec<TextRun> = vec![];
-            for id in &thread {
-                if let Some(t) = text_of(d, *id) {
-                    story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
-                }
+            let sources: Vec<TextObject> = thread.iter().filter_map(|id| text_of(d, *id).cloned()).collect();
+            for t in &sources {
+                story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
             }
+            let paras = vectorcraft_text::thread::story_paras(&sources.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[]);
             let style = story.first().map(|r| r.style.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+            let first_para = paras.first().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
             for id in &out {
                 if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
                     t.runs = vec![TextRun { text: String::new(), style: style.clone() }];
+                    t.set_all_paras(first_para.clone());
                     refresh_bounds(t);
                 }
             }
@@ -200,6 +229,7 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             {
                 vectorcraft_text::edit::normalize(&mut story);
                 t.runs = story;
+                t.set_paragraph_styles(paras);
             }
             let i = d.text_threads.iter().position(|t| *t == thread).unwrap_or(0);
             d.text_threads[i] = keep;

crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Justify, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{AreaFit, Document, Justify, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Vec2};
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area Type Options…",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt, verticalAlign?: top|center|bottom|justify} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (none given: query) → the first object's options",
+            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt, verticalAlign?: top|center|bottom|justify, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?: 10..100} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (with fit autoHeight, Auto Size, the frame's height follows the text after every edit and height is ignored; setting the height by hand turns it off); fit shrinkText scales overflowing text down (size, leading, baseline shift) by the largest factor down to fitMinPercent % (default 50) that makes it fit (none given: query) → the first object's options, plus overflow (the text doesn't fit its frame) and fitScale (Shrink Text's factor, 1 unshrunk)",
             has_selection,
             area_options
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType}",
+            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType, start?: byte, end?: byte} (with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text)",
             has_doc,
             set_style
         ),
@@ -97,13 +97,96 @@ fn orientation(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, vertical: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({"vertical": vertical, "ids": ids.iter().map(|id| id.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()}))
 }
 
-/// Recompute the layout caches (bounds and baselines) after a text edit.
+/// Recompute the layout caches (bounds and baselines) after a text edit. Every engine text edit ends here (typing
+/// through `text.editRange` too), inside its `Session::edit`, so this is where Auto Size area type
+/// ([`vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight`]) fits its frame to the text: part of the same undo
+/// step as the edit.
 pub(crate) fn refresh_bounds(t: &mut TextObject) {
+    // Edits that changed the paragraph count keep one paragraph style per paragraph.
+    t.normalize_paras();
+    auto_height(t);
     let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
     t.cached_bounds = Some(lay.bounds);
     t.cached_baselines = lay.baselines();
 }
 
+/// The text-space bounds of area type's frame, when Auto Size can fit it: a rectangle (one
+/// subpath, as large as its bounds) of horizontal type in one row, with some height.
+fn auto_height_frame(t: &TextObject) -> Option<vectorcraft_geom::Rect> {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::Shape;
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { return None };
+    if t.area.fit != vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight || t.vertical || t.area.rows > 1 || frame.subpaths.len() != 1 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let b = frame.bounds()?;
+    let area = frame.to_bezpath().area().abs();
+    let finite = [b.x0, b.y0, b.x1, b.y1].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite());
+    (finite && b.height() > 1e-6 && b.width() > 1e-6 && (area - b.area()).abs() <= b.area() * 1e-6).then_some(b)
+}
+
+/// Auto Size: move the bottom of a rectangular area type frame to just below its last line (plus
+/// the inset), so the frame's height follows the text. Text in several columns gets the least
+/// height (to 0.01 pt) at which it fits. True when the frame changed.
+fn auto_height(t: &mut TextObject) -> bool {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::Shape;
+    let Some(b) = auto_height_frame(t) else { return false };
+    let db = vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global();
+    // Lay out in a frame as tall as the canvas allows: everything the width lets through flows.
+    let tall = (crate::MAX_COORD - b.y0).min(1.0e5);
+    if tall <= 1.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let mut probe = t.clone();
+    let with_size = |probe: &mut TextObject, w: f64, h: f64| {
+        if let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &mut probe.kind {
+            *frame = PathData::from_bezpath(&vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(b.x0, b.y0, b.x0 + w, b.y0 + h).to_path(0.1));
+        }
+    };
+    // Columns: all the text in one column as wide as each of them is surely tall enough.
+    let cols = t.area.columns.max(1);
+    let col_w = if cols > 1 { ((b.width() - t.area.gutter.max(0.0) * (cols - 1) as f64) / cols as f64).max(1.0) } else { b.width() };
+    with_size(&mut probe, col_w, tall);
+    probe.area.columns = 1;
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &probe);
+    let inset = t.area.inset.max(0.0);
+    let Some(bottom) = lay.lines.iter().map(|l| l.baseline + l.descent).filter(|y| y.is_finite()).reduce(f64::max) else { return false };
+    // The layout's fit test is `baseline + descent <= bottom + 0.01`: the last line fits exactly.
+    let mut h = (bottom + inset - b.y0).clamp(1.0, tall);
+    if cols > 1 {
+        // The least height (to 0.01 pt) at which the columns hold the text.
+        probe.area.columns = cols;
+        let fits = |probe: &mut TextObject, h: f64| {
+            with_size(probe, b.width(), h);
+            !vectorcraft_text::layout(db, probe).overflow
+        };
+        if !fits(&mut probe, h) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let (mut lo, mut hi) = (1.0, h);
+        for _ in 0..24 {
+            if hi - lo <= 0.01 {
+                break;
+            }
+            let mid = (lo + hi) * 0.5;
+            if fits(&mut probe, mid) { hi = mid } else { lo = mid }
+        }
+        h = hi;
+    }
+    if (h - b.height()).abs() <= 1e-6 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Scale the frame about its top edge, keeping its anchors (and their order) as they are.
+    let a = Affine::translate((0.0, b.y0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, h / b.height()) * Affine::translate((0.0, -b.y0));
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &mut t.kind else { return false };
+    let mut next = frame.clone();
+    next.transform(a);
+    if next.bounds().is_none_or(|nb| ![nb.x0, nb.y0, nb.x1, nb.y1].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite() && v.abs() <= crate::MAX_COORD)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *frame = next;
+    true
+}
+
 /// Text objects among `ids` and their descendants.
 fn text_ids(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId]) -> Vec<NodeId> {
     let mut out = vec![];
@@ -174,6 +257,60 @@ pub(crate) fn text_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<Node
     Ok(t)
 }
 
+/// Optional `start`/`end` byte offsets of a text command: the character range it styles and the
+/// paragraphs it touches. Without either, the command applies to all the text.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct TextRange {
+    start: Option<usize>,
+    end: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl TextRange {
+    /// `start`/`end` of `p`, if either is given (non-negative integers).
+    pub(crate) fn parse(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
+        let get = |k: &str| -> Result<Option<usize>> {
+            match p.get(k) {
+                None | Some(Value::Null) => Ok(None),
+                Some(v) => {
+                    v.as_u64().map(|n| Some(usize::try_from(n).unwrap_or(usize::MAX))).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("`{k}` must be a byte offset")))
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let (start, end) = (get("start")?, get("end")?);
+        Ok((start.is_some() || end.is_some()).then_some(Self { start, end }))
+    }
+    /// The byte range in `t`, clamped and ordered.
+    pub(crate) fn bytes(&self, t: &TextObject) -> (usize, usize) {
+        let len = vectorcraft_text::edit::runs_len(&t.runs);
+        let a = self.start.unwrap_or(0).min(len);
+        let b = self.end.unwrap_or(len).min(len);
+        (a.min(b), a.max(b))
+    }
+    /// The paragraphs of `t` the range touches.
+    pub(crate) fn paras(&self, t: &TextObject) -> std::ops::Range<usize> {
+        let (a, b) = self.bytes(t);
+        t.paragraphs_in(a, b)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Paragraphs of `t` an optional range touches (None: every paragraph).
+pub(crate) fn para_span(range: Option<TextRange>, t: &TextObject) -> Option<std::ops::Range<usize>> {
+    range.map(|r| r.paras(t))
+}
+
+/// Apply `f` to the character styles of `range` of `t` (None: every run).
+pub(crate) fn style_chars(t: &mut TextObject, range: Option<TextRange>, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle)) {
+    match range {
+        None => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| f(&mut r.style)),
+        Some(r) => {
+            let (a, b) = r.bytes(t);
+            if a < b {
+                vectorcraft_text::edit::style_range(&mut t.runs, a, b, f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn set_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let text = str_param(p, "text").ok_or_else(|| bad("text.setText", "missing `text`"))?.to_string();
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.setText")?;
@@ -181,6 +318,8 @@ fn set_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             let style = t.first_style();
+            // Every paragraph of the new text takes the first paragraph's attributes.
+            t.splice_paras(0, vectorcraft_text::edit::runs_len(&t.runs), &text);
             t.runs = vec![vectorcraft_doc::TextRun { text: text.clone(), style }];
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -238,14 +377,14 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     {
         return Err(bad(C, "nothing to change"));
     }
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, C)?;
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, C)?;
     let protect = s.prefs.missing_glyph_protection && (font.is_some() || style.is_some());
     s.edit("Character", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             let before = protect.then(|| t.runs.clone());
-            for r in &mut t.runs {
-                let st = &mut r.style;
+            style_chars(t, range, |st| {
                 if let Some(f) = &font {
                     st.font_family = f.clone();
                 }
@@ -267,12 +406,13 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 if let Some(f) = &features {
                     st.features = f.clone();
                 }
-            }
+            });
             if let Some(before) = before {
                 super::textedit::protect_missing_glyphs(&before, &mut t.runs);
             }
             if let Some(j) = justify {
-                t.para.justify = j;
+                let span = para_span(range, t);
+                t.edit_paras(span, |pa| pa.justify = j);
             }
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -292,10 +432,18 @@ pub(crate) fn reshape_area_with(t: &mut TextObject, f: impl FnOnce(&mut TextObje
         }
         _ => false,
     };
+    let height = |t: &TextObject| auto_height_frame(t).map(|b| b.height());
+    let was = height(t);
     if !(f(t) && within(t)) {
         t.kind = before;
         return false;
     }
+    // Setting the height by hand turns Auto Size off (as in Illustrator); a new width keeps it.
+    if let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (was, height(t))
+        && (a - b).abs() > 1e-6
+    {
+        t.area.fit = vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None;
+    }
     refresh_bounds(t);
     true
 }
@@ -334,6 +482,60 @@ fn size_area(t: &mut TextObject, w: Option<f64>, h: Option<f64>) -> bool {
     reshape_area_with(t, |t| t.transform_area(a))
 }
 
+/// The fit `p` asks for (`fit`: none|autoHeight|shrinkText or `{"shrinkText": {"minPercent"}}`,
+/// `fitMinPercent`), starting from `cur`. None when `p` sets neither (or only `fitMinPercent`
+/// while the fit isn't Shrink Text).
+pub(crate) fn fit_param(p: &Value, cur: AreaFit, c: &str) -> Result<Option<AreaFit>> {
+    let min = p.get("fitMinPercent").and_then(Value::as_f64);
+    let cur_min = match cur {
+        AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => Some(min_percent),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+    let fit = match p.get("fit") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => match (cur, min) {
+            (AreaFit::ShrinkText { .. }, Some(m)) => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: m },
+            _ => return Ok(None),
+        },
+        Some(Value::String(id)) => {
+            AreaFit::parse(id, min.or(cur_min)).ok_or_else(|| bad(c, format!("fit must be none|autoHeight|shrinkText, got {id}")))?
+        }
+        Some(v) => match serde_json::from_value::<AreaFit>(v.clone()).map_err(|e| bad(c, format!("bad fit: {e}")))? {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: min.unwrap_or(min_percent) },
+            f => f,
+        },
+    };
+    Ok(Some(match fit {
+        AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: AreaFit::clamp_percent(min_percent) },
+        f => f,
+    }))
+}
+
+/// Area type's options as `text.areaOptions` reports them: the Area Type Options with `fit` as
+/// its id and `fitMinPercent` beside it, the frame's `width` and `height`, and whether the text
+/// `overflow`s its frame at `fitScale` (Shrink Text to Fit's factor; 1 unshrunk).
+pub(crate) fn area_options_json(t: &TextObject) -> Result<Value> {
+    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&t.area).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
+    if let Some(o) = v.as_object_mut() {
+        o.insert("fit".into(), json!(t.area.fit.id()));
+        let min = match t.area.fit {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => min_percent,
+            _ => AreaFit::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT,
+        };
+        o.insert("fitMinPercent".into(), json!(min));
+        if let Some((w, h, _)) = area_size(t) {
+            o.insert("width".into(), json!(w));
+            o.insert("height".into(), json!(h));
+        }
+        o.insert("overflow".into(), json!(lay.overflow));
+        o.insert("fitScale".into(), json!(lay.fit_scale));
+    }
+    Ok(v)
+}
+
+/// The [`vectorcraft_doc::AreaOptions`] keys `text.areaOptions` merges as they are.
+const AREA_KEYS: [&str; 7] = ["rows", "columns", "gutter", "inset", "firstBaseline", "firstBaselineMin", "verticalAlign"];
+
 fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "text.areaOptions";
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = {
@@ -343,34 +545,35 @@ fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let first = *ids.first().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
     let options = |s: &Session| -> Result<Value> {
         let t = area_text(s.doc()?.doc.node(first)).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
-        let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&t.area).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
-        if let (Some(o), Some((w, h, _))) = (v.as_object_mut(), area_size(t)) {
-            o.insert("width".into(), json!(w));
-            o.insert("height".into(), json!(h));
-        }
-        Ok(v)
+        area_options_json(t)
     };
-    let mut v = options(s)?;
-    let size = |k: &str| p.get(k).and_then(Value::as_f64).map(|x| x.clamp(1.0, 100_000.0));
-    let (w, h) = (size("width"), size("height"));
-    let mut changed = w.is_some() || h.is_some();
+    let cur = area_text(s.doc()?.doc.node(first)).map(|t| t.area.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let fit = fit_param(p, cur.fit, C)?;
+    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&cur).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
+    let size = |k: &str| p.get(k).and_then(Value::as_f64).filter(|x| x.is_finite()).map(|x| x.clamp(1.0, 100_000.0));
+    let (w, mut h) = (size("width"), size("height"));
+    let mut changed = w.is_some() || h.is_some() || fit.is_some();
     if let (Some(o), Some(src)) = (v.as_object_mut(), p.as_object()) {
-        for (k, val) in src {
-            if o.contains_key(k) && !matches!(k.as_str(), "ids" | "width" | "height") {
-                o.insert(k.clone(), val.clone());
-                changed = true;
-            }
+        for (k, val) in src.iter().filter(|(k, _)| AREA_KEYS.contains(&k.as_str())) {
+            o.insert(k.clone(), val.clone());
+            changed = true;
         }
     }
     if !changed {
-        return Ok(v);
+        return options(s);
     }
     let mut opts: vectorcraft_doc::AreaOptions = serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| bad(C, e.to_string()))?;
     opts.rows = opts.rows.clamp(1, 100);
     opts.columns = opts.columns.clamp(1, 100);
-    opts.gutter = opts.gutter.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
-    opts.inset = opts.inset.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
-    opts.first_baseline_min = opts.first_baseline_min.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    let finite = |x: f64| if x.is_finite() { x } else { 0.0 };
+    opts.gutter = finite(opts.gutter).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.inset = finite(opts.inset).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.first_baseline_min = finite(opts.first_baseline_min).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.fit = fit.unwrap_or(cur.fit);
+    if opts.fit == AreaFit::AutoHeight {
+        // Auto Size sets the height (Illustrator's dialog turns the Height field off).
+        h = None;
+    }
     s.edit("Area Type Options", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
@@ -644,7 +847,8 @@ fn headline_fit(t: &TextObject, tracking: f64) -> Option<(f64, f64, usize)> {
     let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &probe);
     let cell = lay.frames.first()?;
     let line = lay.lines.first()?;
-    let avail = cell.width() - 2.0 * t.area.inset - t.para.left_indent - t.para.right_indent;
+    let para = t.para_at(0);
+    let avail = cell.width() - 2.0 * t.area.inset - para.left_indent - para.right_indent;
     Some((line.x1 - line.x0, avail, lay.lines.iter().filter(|l| l.start < para_end).count()))
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs

@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ fn to_area(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             let top = lay.lines.first().map(|l| l.baseline - l.ascent).unwrap_or(b.y0).min(b.y0);
             let slack = size * 0.5;
             // Slack goes where the alignment leaves room, so the text doesn't move or rewrap.
-            let (sl, sr) = match t.para.justify {
+            let (sl, sr) = match t.para_at(0).justify {
                 Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => (slack * 0.5, slack * 0.5),
                 Justify::Right | Justify::JustifyRight => (slack, 0.0),
                 Justify::Auto if lay.lines.first().is_some_and(|l| l.rtl) => (slack, 0.0),
@@ -315,20 +315,22 @@ fn to_point(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             breaks.sort_unstable();
             breaks.dedup();
             for b in breaks.into_iter().rev() {
+                // Each wrapped line becomes a paragraph with its paragraph's attributes.
                 if plain.as_bytes().get(b - 1) == Some(&b' ') {
                     if let Some((ri, bi)) = locate(&t.runs, b - 1) {
+                        t.splice_paras(b - 1, b, "\n");
                         t.runs[ri].text.replace_range(bi..bi + 1, "\n");
                     }
                 } else if let Some((ri, bi)) = locate(&t.runs, b) {
+                    t.splice_paras(b, b, "\n");
                     t.runs[ri].text.insert(bi, '\n');
                 }
             }
             // The point origin sits where the alignment anchors the first line.
-            let (x0, x1) = lay
-                .lines
-                .first()
-                .map_or((fb.x0, fb.x1), |l| (l.avail.0 - t.para.left_indent - t.para.first_line_indent, l.avail.1 + t.para.right_indent));
-            let ox = match t.para.justify {
+            let p0 = t.para_at(0);
+            let (x0, x1) =
+                lay.lines.first().map_or((fb.x0, fb.x1), |l| (l.avail.0 - p0.left_indent - p0.first_line_indent, l.avail.1 + p0.right_indent));
+            let ox = match p0.justify {
                 Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => (x0 + x1) * 0.5,
                 Justify::Right | Justify::JustifyRight => x1,
                 Justify::Auto if lay.lines.first().is_some_and(|l| l.rtl) => x1,
@@ -646,7 +648,7 @@ fn strip_formatting(n: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Node) {
     if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &mut n.kind {
         let text = t.plain_text();
         t.runs = vec![TextRun { text, style: CharStyle::default() }];
-        t.para = Default::default();
+        t.set_all_paras(Default::default());
         refresh_bounds(t);
     }
     if let Some(ch) = n.children_mut() {

crates/engine/src/inspect.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,19 @@ pub fn node_summary_opts(n: &Node, opts: SummaryOpts) -> Value {
             v["anchors"] = json!(path.anchor_count());
             v["closed"] = json!(path.is_closed());
         }
-        NodeKind::Text(t) => v["text"] = json!(t.plain_text()),
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => {
+            v["text"] = json!(t.plain_text());
+            // Area type and type on a path: does the text fit (the red overflow "+")? Area type
+            // also reports its fit and Shrink Text's factor (1 unshrunk).
+            if !matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Point) {
+                let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
+                v["overflow"] = json!(lay.overflow);
+                if matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. }) {
+                    v["fit"] = json!(t.area.fit.id());
+                    v["fitScale"] = json!(lay.fit_scale);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         _ => {}
     }
     if let Some(ch) = n.children() {

crates/engine/src/lib.rs

@@ -1100,27 +1100,30 @@ impl Session {
         let before_sel = st.selection.clone();
         let doc = Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc);
         let result = match f(doc, &mut st.selection) {
-            Ok(v) => {
-                // Text Wrap: area type follows its wrap objects; then threads re-flow.
-                cmd::textwrap::refresh(Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
-                // Opacity-mask editing: the mask follows its art on the editing layer.
-                if st.doc.mask_edit.is_some() {
-                    cmd::maskedit::sync(Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
+            Ok(v) => match cmd::shaper::refresh(&before, Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc)) {
+                Err(e) => Err(e),
+                Ok(()) => {
+                    // Text Wrap: area type follows its wrap objects; then threads re-flow.
+                    cmd::textwrap::refresh(Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
+                    // Opacity-mask editing: the mask follows its art on the editing layer.
+                    if st.doc.mask_edit.is_some() {
+                        cmd::maskedit::sync(Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
+                    }
+                    // Threaded text re-flows when any of its frames changed.
+                    if !st.doc.text_threads.is_empty() {
+                        cmd::threads::reflow(&before, Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
+                    }
+                    // Asset Export: assets let go of deleted art.
+                    if !st.doc.assets.is_empty() {
+                        Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc).prune_assets();
+                    }
+                    if doc_sane(&st.doc, &st.selection) {
+                        Ok(v)
+                    } else {
+                        Err(EngineError::Other("result would exceed the canvas (coordinates out of range)".into()))
+                    }
                 }
-                // Threaded text re-flows when any of its frames changed.
-                if !st.doc.text_threads.is_empty() {
-                    cmd::threads::reflow(&before, Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc));
-                }
-                // Asset Export: assets let go of deleted art.
-                if !st.doc.assets.is_empty() {
-                    Arc::make_mut(&mut st.doc).prune_assets();
-                }
-                if doc_sane(&st.doc, &st.selection) {
-                    Ok(v)
-                } else {
-                    Err(EngineError::Other("result would exceed the canvas (coordinates out of range)".into()))
-                }
-            }
+            },
             Err(e) => Err(e),
         };
         match result {
@@ -1293,6 +1296,8 @@ mod tests_adjust;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_appearance;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_areafit;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_assets;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_attributes;
@@ -1429,6 +1434,8 @@ mod tests_paintproxy;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_panelcmds;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_paragraphs;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_pathops;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_pathtype;
@@ -1491,6 +1498,8 @@ mod tests_saveoptions;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_scalestrokes;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_shaper;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_slices;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_smartguides;

crates/engine/src/tests.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use serde_json::json;
 
 use super::*;
+use vectorcraft_geom::Point;
 use vectorcraft_tools::{PointerEvent, PointerKind, ToolKey};
 
 fn session() -> Session {
@@ -695,7 +696,7 @@ fn snap_to_pixel_rounds_drawing_and_moves() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn shaper_turns_rough_strokes_into_live_shapes_and_scribbles_delete() {
+fn shaper_turns_rough_strokes_into_live_shapes_and_scribbles_punch_fills() {
     let mut s = session();
     let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
     s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
@@ -725,10 +726,86 @@ fn shaper_turns_rough_strokes_into_live_shapes_and_scribbles_delete() {
         "{:?}",
         n.kind_label()
     );
-    // A zig-zag over it deletes it.
+    // A zig-zag inside it clears its fill while retaining the editable original and stroke.
     let zig: Vec<(f64, f64)> = (0..30).map(|i| (150.0 + (i % 2) as f64 * 80.0, 120.0 + i as f64 * 2.0)).collect();
     stroke(&mut s, &zig);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap(), &n);
+    let group = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects[0]).unwrap();
+    assert!(group.shaper.is_some());
+    assert!(group.children().unwrap().iter().skip(1).all(|n| n.appearance.fill_paint().is_none()));
+    assert!(group.children().unwrap().iter().skip(1).any(|n| !n.appearance.stroke_paint().is_none()));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_square_started_mid_edge_closes_on_pointer_release_and_undoes_once() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
+    s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
+    let undo = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    for (kind, x, y) in [
+        (PointerKind::Down, 150.0, 100.0),
+        (PointerKind::Drag, 200.0, 105.0),
+        (PointerKind::Drag, 194.0, 200.0),
+        (PointerKind::Drag, 110.0, 191.0),
+        (PointerKind::Drag, 100.0, 100.0),
+        (PointerKind::Up, 150.0, 100.0),
+    ] {
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, x, y), v).unwrap();
+    }
+    let id = *s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.first().expect("recognized square");
+    assert!(matches!(
+        s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().kind,
+        vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Path { live: Some(vectorcraft_doc::LiveShape::Rectangle { .. }), .. }
+    ));
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
     assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).is_none());
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).is_some());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_creates_upright_or_inverted_live_triangles_with_one_undo_step() {
+    let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
+    for direction in [0.0_f64, 180.0] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
+        let undo = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+        let corners: Vec<Point> = (0..3)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let angle = (direction + 7.0 - 90.0).to_radians() + std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / 3.0;
+                Point::new(200.0 + 70.0 * angle.cos(), 200.0 + 70.0 * angle.sin())
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let mut pts = vec![];
+        for i in 0..3 {
+            for j in 0..20 {
+                pts.push(corners[i] + (corners[(i + 1) % 3] - corners[i]) * (j as f64 / 20.0));
+            }
+        }
+        // Begin midway along an edge; the release closes the final segment.
+        pts.rotate_left(7);
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Down, pts[0].x, pts[0].y), v).unwrap();
+        for p in &pts[1..] {
+            s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Drag, p.x, p.y), v).unwrap();
+        }
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::Up, pts[0].x, pts[0].y), v).unwrap();
+        let id = *s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects.first().expect("recognized triangle");
+        let node = s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().clone();
+        let vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Path { live: Some(vectorcraft_doc::LiveShape::Polygon { sides: 3, xf, .. }), .. } = &node.kind else {
+            panic!("expected live triangle, got {:?}", node.kind_label());
+        };
+        let [a, b, c, d, _, _] = xf.as_coeffs();
+        let (sin, cos) = direction.to_radians().sin_cos();
+        for (actual, expected) in [(a, cos), (b, sin), (c, -sin), (d, cos)] {
+            assert!((actual - expected).abs() < 1e-12, "direction {direction}, transform {xf:?}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).is_none());
+        s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap(), &node);
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]

crates/engine/src/tests_areafit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+//! Area type fitting: Auto Size (the frame's height follows the text), Shrink Text to Fit, and
+//! overflow reporting.
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{AreaFit, NodeKind, TextKind, TextObject};
+use vectorcraft_geom::Rect;
+use vectorcraft_tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind, ToolKey};
+
+use super::*;
+
+const STORY: &str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. A second sentence follows the first one here. Then a third one ends it.";
+
+fn session() -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 800, "height": 600})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn area(s: &mut Session, w: f64, h: f64, text: &str, extra: Value) -> NodeId {
+    let mut a = json!({"width": w, "height": h});
+    if let (Some(a), Some(e)) = (a.as_object_mut(), extra.as_object()) {
+        a.extend(e.clone());
+    }
+    let id = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 40, "y": 40, "size": 12, "area": a, "text": text})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    NodeId(id)
+}
+
+fn text(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> TextObject {
+    match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap().kind {
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => (**t).clone(),
+        k => panic!("not text: {k:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn frame(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> Rect {
+    match text(s, id).kind {
+        TextKind::Area { frame } => frame.bounds().unwrap(),
+        k => panic!("not area type: {k:?}"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn overflows(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> bool {
+    vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &text(s, id)).overflow
+}
+
+fn undo_len(s: &Session) -> usize {
+    s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn area_options_set_and_report_the_fit() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 120.0, 30.0, STORY, json!({}));
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    let q = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((q["fit"].as_str(), q["fitMinPercent"].as_f64()), (Some("none"), Some(50.0)));
+    assert_eq!((q["overflow"].as_bool(), q["fitScale"].as_f64()), (Some(true), Some(1.0)));
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    let r = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": 20})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1);
+    assert_eq!((r["fit"].as_str(), r["fitMinPercent"].as_f64()), (Some("shrinkText"), Some(20.0)));
+    assert_eq!(r["overflow"], false, "{r}");
+    let f = r["fitScale"].as_f64().unwrap();
+    assert!((0.2..1.0).contains(&f), "{f}");
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: 20.0 });
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).runs[0].style.size, 12.0, "the stored size stays");
+    // The minimum alone, clamped; the object form; and bad values.
+    s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fitMinPercent": 3})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: 10.0 });
+    s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": {"shrinkText": {"minPercent": 95}}})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: 95.0 });
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({})).unwrap()["overflow"], true, "95 % is not enough");
+    assert!(s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": "squash"})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": 7})).is_err());
+    // The reply's own keys go back in unchanged (the dialog sends everything).
+    let q = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    let again = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &q).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(again, q);
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1);
+    // Undo back to no fit.
+    while text(&s, id).area.fit != AreaFit::None {
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    }
+    assert!(overflows(&s, id));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn inspect_reports_overflow_and_fit_scale() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 120.0, 30.0, STORY, json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": 10}));
+    s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 500, "text": "point"})).unwrap();
+    let doc = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let kids = doc["layers"][0]["children"].as_array().unwrap();
+    let node = kids.iter().find(|k| k["id"] == id.0).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(node["overflow"], false);
+    assert_eq!(node["fit"], "shrinkText");
+    assert!(node["fitScale"].as_f64().unwrap() < 1.0);
+    let point = kids.iter().find(|k| k["id"] != id.0).unwrap();
+    assert!(point.get("overflow").is_none() && point.get("fitScale").is_none(), "point type never overflows");
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": "none"})).unwrap();
+    let doc = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let node = doc["layers"][0]["children"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|k| k["id"] == id.0).unwrap().clone();
+    assert_eq!((node["overflow"].as_bool(), node["fitScale"].as_f64(), node["fit"].as_str()), (Some(true), Some(1.0), Some("none")));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn auto_height_follows_edits_in_the_same_undo_step() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 200.0, 300.0, "One line", json!({"fit": "autoHeight"}));
+    let one = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(one.height() < 30.0, "the frame fits one line: {one:?}");
+    assert_eq!((one.x0, one.y0, one.width()), (0.0, 0.0, 200.0), "top and width stay");
+    assert!(!overflows(&s, id));
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 8, "insert": format!(" {STORY}")})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1);
+    let grown = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(grown.height() > one.height() * 2.0, "{grown:?}");
+    assert!(!overflows(&s, id), "the grown frame holds the text");
+    // Tight: a point less overflows.
+    let mut t = text(&s, id);
+    t.area.fit = AreaFit::None;
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area {
+        frame: vectorcraft_geom::PathData::from_bezpath(&vectorcraft_geom::Shape::to_path(&Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, grown.height() - 1.0), 0.1)),
+    };
+    assert!(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t).overflow);
+    // Character changes resize it too.
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "end": 3, "size": 40})).unwrap();
+    assert!(frame(&s, id).height() > grown.height());
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), grown);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), one, "one undo restores the text and the frame");
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), "One line");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn auto_height_follows_typing_with_the_type_tool() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.prefs.auto_size_area_type = true;
+    // An empty frame (no placeholder text), so its first height is one line.
+    s.prefs.placeholder_text = false;
+    let v = ViewInfo::default();
+    s.select_tool("type", v).unwrap();
+    for (kind, (x, y)) in [(PointerKind::Down, (100.0, 100.0)), (PointerKind::Drag, (300.0, 400.0)), (PointerKind::Up, (300.0, 400.0))] {
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, x, y), v).unwrap();
+    }
+    let id = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects[0];
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::AutoHeight, "the preference gives new area type Auto Size");
+    let empty = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(empty.height() < 30.0, "{empty:?}");
+    let n = undo_len(&s);
+    for word in STORY.split_inclusive(' ') {
+        s.tool_text(word, v).unwrap();
+    }
+    s.tool_key(ToolKey::Escape, Mods::default(), v).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), STORY);
+    assert_eq!(undo_len(&s), n + 1, "one typing step");
+    let typed = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(typed.height() > empty.height() * 2.0, "{typed:?}");
+    assert!(!overflows(&s, id));
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), empty);
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), "");
+    s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(frame(&s, id), typed);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn auto_height_in_columns_and_by_hand() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 300.0, 400.0, &STORY.repeat(3), json!({"fit": "autoHeight"}));
+    let one = frame(&s, id).height();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    // Height is ignored while Auto Size is on.
+    let r = s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"columns": 2, "gutter": 12, "height": 500})).unwrap();
+    let two = r["height"].as_f64().unwrap();
+    assert!(two < 500.0 && two > one * 0.5, "{one} → {two}");
+    assert_eq!(r["overflow"], false);
+    assert_eq!(r["fit"], "autoHeight");
+    // The least height the two columns fit: a point less overflows, and both columns are used.
+    let mut t = text(&s, id);
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
+    assert!(lay.glyphs.iter().any(|g| g.origin.x > 160.0), "text flows into the second column");
+    t.area.fit = AreaFit::None;
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area {
+        frame: vectorcraft_geom::PathData::from_bezpath(&vectorcraft_geom::Shape::to_path(&Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 300.0, two - 1.0), 0.1)),
+    };
+    assert!(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t).overflow);
+    // Dragging the bottom edge sets the height by hand: Auto Size goes off.
+    let b = frame(&s, id);
+    s.execute("text.reshapeArea", &json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 2], [0, 3]], "dx": 0, "dy": 50})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::None);
+    assert!((frame(&s, id).height() - (b.height() + 50.0)).abs() < 1e-6);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    // A new width keeps it: the height follows the reflow.
+    s.execute("text.reshapeArea", &json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 1], [0, 2]], "dx": 100, "dy": 0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).area.fit, AreaFit::AutoHeight);
+    assert!(frame(&s, id).height() < b.height());
+    // Point type has no frame to size.
+    let p = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "text": "x"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [p]})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.execute("text.areaOptions", &json!({"fit": "autoHeight"})).is_err(), "point type has no area options");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_round_trips_through_the_native_format() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 120.0, 30.0, STORY, json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": 35}));
+    let doc = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let bytes = vectorcraft_format::save(&doc, false);
+    let back = vectorcraft_format::load(&bytes).unwrap();
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &back.node(id).unwrap().kind else { panic!() };
+    assert_eq!(t.area.fit, AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: 35.0 });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn auto_height_follows_the_leading_model_and_character_alignment() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, 200.0, 300.0, STORY, json!({"fit": "autoHeight"}));
+    let roman = frame(&s, id);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id.0]})).unwrap();
+    // Top-to-Top leading: the first line moves up to touch the frame, the frame follows.
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"leadingModel": "emBoxTop"})).unwrap();
+    let em = frame(&s, id);
+    assert_ne!(em.height(), roman.height());
+    assert!(!overflows(&s, id), "the frame holds the text under emBoxTop");
+    // Mixed sizes aligned on the em box centre still fit exactly.
+    s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id.0, "start": 0, "end": 3, "size": 30})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"charAlign": "emBoxCenter"})).unwrap();
+    let mixed = frame(&s, id);
+    assert!(mixed.height() > em.height());
+    assert!(!overflows(&s, id));
+    let mut t = text(&s, id);
+    t.area.fit = AreaFit::None;
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area {
+        frame: vectorcraft_geom::PathData::from_bezpath(&vectorcraft_geom::Shape::to_path(&Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, mixed.height() - 1.0), 0.1)),
+    };
+    assert!(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t).overflow, "tight");
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_paragraphs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+//! Paragraph attributes per paragraph: ranged Paragraph panel commands, paragraph styles on one
+//! paragraph, splitting and merging paragraphs while editing, undo and threaded text.
+
+use serde_json::json;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Justify, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
+use vectorcraft_tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind, ToolKey};
+
+use super::*;
+
+fn session() -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 800, "height": 600})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+
+fn area(s: &mut Session, text: &str) -> u64 {
+    s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "text": text, "area": {"width": 300, "height": 300}})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap()
+}
+
+fn text(s: &Session, id: u64) -> TextObject {
+    match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind {
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => (**t).clone(),
+        _ => panic!("not text"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn justs(s: &Session, id: u64) -> Vec<Justify> {
+    text(s, id).paragraph_styles().iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn ranged_paragraph_commands_touch_only_their_paragraphs() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, "one\ntwo\nthree");
+    // A caret in "two" (byte 5): only the second paragraph.
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "center", "start": 5, "end": 5})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // A selection from "one" into "two": both.
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"ids": [id], "spaceBefore": 9, "leftIndent": 4, "start": 1, "end": 5})).unwrap();
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    let sb: Vec<f64> = t.paragraph_styles().iter().map(|p| p.space_before).collect();
+    assert_eq!(sb, [9.0, 9.0, 0.0]);
+    assert_eq!(t.para.left_indent, 4.0, "paragraph 0 is `para`");
+    // Character attributes of setFormat follow the range too.
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"ids": [id], "underline": true, "start": 4, "end": 7})).unwrap();
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    assert!(t.runs.iter().any(|r| r.text == "two" && r.style.underline));
+    assert!(t.runs.iter().any(|r| r.text.starts_with("one") && !r.style.underline));
+    // The layout sees each paragraph's alignment.
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
+    assert!(lay.lines[1].x0 > lay.lines[0].x0 + 20.0, "the centred line sits right of the left one");
+    // No range: every paragraph (as before).
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "right"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Right; 3]);
+    // Undo steps back through the ranged edits.
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // Tabs per paragraph; a query reads the paragraph at `start`.
+    s.execute("text.tabs.set", &json!({"ids": [id], "stops": [{"position": 40}], "start": 9, "end": 9})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("text.tabs.get", &json!({"ids": [id], "start": 9})).unwrap()["stops"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(s.execute("text.tabs.get", &json!({"ids": [id]})).unwrap()["stops"], json!([]));
+    // Junk ranges are errors, not panics.
+    assert!(s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"ids": [id], "spaceAfter": 1, "start": -3})).is_err());
+    assert!(s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "left", "end": "x"})).is_err());
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"ids": [id], "spaceAfter": 1, "start": 1_000_000, "end": u64::MAX})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).para_at(2).space_after, 1.0, "past the end: the last paragraph");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn editing_splits_and_merges_paragraph_styles() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, "one\ntwo\nthree");
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "center", "start": 5, "end": 5})).unwrap();
+    // A break inside "two": both halves keep its style.
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id, "start": 5, "end": 5, "insert": "\n"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), "one\nt\nwo\nthree");
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // Deleting the break after "one": the first paragraph's style wins.
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id, "start": 3, "end": 4})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), "onet\nwo\nthree");
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // Pasting styled runs with breaks in "wo": the new paragraphs continue it.
+    let runs = json!([{"text": "A\nB\n", "style": text(&s, id).runs[0].style}]);
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id, "start": 6, "end": 6, "runs": runs})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // Undo restores the styles with the text.
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Auto]);
+    // Replacing all the text: every paragraph takes the first one's attributes.
+    s.execute("text.setText", &json!({"ids": [id], "text": "x\ny"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Auto]);
+    assert!(text(&s, id).paras.is_empty());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn return_in_the_type_tool_continues_the_paragraph_it_splits() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let v = ViewInfo::default();
+    let id = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 100, "y": 100, "text": "one\ntwo", "size": 20})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "right", "start": 0, "end": 0})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": id, "justify": "center", "start": 5, "end": 5})).unwrap();
+    s.select_tool("type", v).unwrap();
+    // Click into the first line (right-aligned: it ends at the origin), then End and Return.
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &text(&s, id));
+    let l0 = &lay.lines[0];
+    let (x, y) = (100.0 + (l0.x0 + l0.x1) / 2.0, 100.0 + l0.baseline - 5.0);
+    for k in [PointerKind::Down, PointerKind::Up] {
+        s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(k, x, y), v).unwrap();
+    }
+    s.tool_key(ToolKey::End, Mods::default(), v).unwrap();
+    s.tool_key(ToolKey::Enter, Mods::default(), v).unwrap();
+    s.tool_text("new", v).unwrap();
+    s.tool_key(ToolKey::Escape, Mods::default(), v).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).plain_text(), "one\nnew\ntwo");
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Right, Justify::Right, Justify::Center]);
+    s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Right, Justify::Center]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn paragraph_style_applies_to_one_paragraph() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, "Title\nBody text");
+    // The second paragraph keeps new type's attributes, whatever they are.
+    let body = text(&s, id).para_at(1).clone();
+    s.execute("paraStyle.new", &json!({"name": "Head", "attrs": {"justify": "Center", "space_after": 8.0}})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("paraStyle.apply", &json!({"name": "Head", "id": id, "start": 2, "end": 2})).unwrap();
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    assert_eq!(t.para_at(0).style_name.as_deref(), Some("Head"));
+    assert_eq!((t.para_at(0).justify, t.para_at(0).space_after), (Justify::Center, 8.0));
+    assert_eq!(t.para_at(1), &body, "new type's");
+    let list = s.execute("paraStyle.list", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(list["styles"][1]["uses"], 1, "one paragraph uses it");
+    assert_eq!(list["styles"][0]["uses"], 1, "the other is Normal");
+    // Redefining updates that paragraph only; renaming follows it.
+    s.execute("paraStyle.setAttrs", &json!({"name": "Head", "attrs": {"justify": "Right"}})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, id), [Justify::Right, Justify::Auto]);
+    s.execute("paraStyle.rename", &json!({"name": "Head", "to": "Heading"})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(text(&s, id).para_at(0).style_name.as_deref(), Some("Heading"));
+    // New from the selection reads the caret's paragraph.
+    s.execute("paraStyle.new", &json!({"name": "From body", "id": id, "start": 8})).unwrap();
+    let defs = &s.doc().unwrap().doc.para_styles;
+    assert_eq!(defs.iter().find(|d| d.name == "From body").unwrap().attrs["justify"], "Auto");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn threaded_frames_keep_each_paragraphs_style() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let story = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog and keeps running. ".repeat(3) + "\nSecond paragraph.\nThird.";
+    let a =
+        s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "text": story, "area": {"width": 150, "height": 60}})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let b = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 200, "y": 10, "width": 150, "height": 200})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [a, b]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.thread.create", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    let joined = |s: &Session| format!("{}{}", text(s, a).plain_text(), text(s, b).plain_text());
+    assert_eq!(joined(&s), story);
+    // Centre the second paragraph (in frame b) and right-align the third.
+    let tb = text(&s, b).plain_text();
+    let second = tb.find("Second").unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": b, "justify": "center", "start": second, "end": second})).unwrap();
+    let third = text(&s, b).plain_text().find("Third").unwrap();
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": b, "justify": "right", "start": third, "end": third})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, b), [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Right]);
+    // Typing in the first frame re-flows the story: the styles move with their paragraphs.
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": a, "start": 0, "end": 0, "insert": "More words at the start of the story. "})).unwrap();
+    let (ja, jb) = (justs(&s, a), justs(&s, b));
+    assert_eq!(ja, [Justify::Auto]);
+    assert_eq!(jb, [Justify::Auto, Justify::Center, Justify::Right]);
+    // A break in the first frame makes a new paragraph there; the later ones keep their styles.
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": a, "start": 4, "end": 4, "insert": "\n"})).unwrap();
+    let all: Vec<Justify> = [justs(&s, a), justs(&s, b)].concat();
+    assert_eq!(all.iter().filter(|j| **j == Justify::Center).count(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(all.last(), Some(&Justify::Right));
+    // Restyling the paragraph that continues into frame b (its first) sticks after the re-flow.
+    s.execute("text.setStyle", &json!({"id": b, "justify": "justifyAll", "start": 0, "end": 0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(justs(&s, b)[0], Justify::JustifyAll);
+    assert_eq!(*justs(&s, a).last().unwrap(), Justify::JustifyAll, "the paragraph's part in frame a follows");
+}
+
+/// Upstream's paragraph attributes (direction, mojikumi, leading model) follow a range like the
+/// others: only the touched paragraphs change, and the layout reads each paragraph's own.
+#[test]
+fn ranged_set_format_sets_direction_mojikumi_and_leading_model_per_paragraph() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{LeadingModel, Mojikumi, ParaDirection};
+    let mut s = session();
+    let id = area(&mut s, "Hello.\nHello.");
+    // A caret in the second paragraph (byte 9).
+    s.execute(
+        "text.setFormat",
+        &json!({"ids": [id], "direction": "rightToLeft", "leadingModel": "emBoxTop", "mojikumi": "none", "start": 9, "end": 9}),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    let (p0, p1) = (t.para_at(0).clone(), t.para_at(1).clone());
+    assert_eq!((p0.direction, p0.leading_model, p0.mojikumi), (None, LeadingModel::RomanBaseline, Mojikumi::LineEndHalf));
+    assert_eq!((p1.direction, p1.leading_model, p1.mojikumi), (Some(ParaDirection::RightToLeft), LeadingModel::EmBoxTop, Mojikumi::None));
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
+    assert!(!lay.lines[0].rtl && lay.lines[1].rtl, "each paragraph's direction");
+    // Return in the right-to-left paragraph continues it.
+    s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id, "start": 13, "end": 13, "insert": "\nX"})).unwrap();
+    let t = text(&s, id);
+    assert_eq!(t.para_at(2).direction, Some(ParaDirection::RightToLeft));
+    // No range: every paragraph.
+    s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"ids": [id], "direction": "auto"})).unwrap();
+    assert!(text(&s, id).paragraph_styles().iter().all(|p| p.direction.is_none()));
+}

crates/engine/src/tests_shaper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+use super::*;
+use serde_json::json;
+use vectorcraft_doc::shaper::{FILL_PREFIX, SOURCES, STROKE_PREFIX};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{LiveShape, Node, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Point, Shape as _};
+use vectorcraft_tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind};
+
+fn session() -> Session {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 500, "height": 500})).unwrap();
+    s
+}
+fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, x: f64, fill: &str) -> NodeId {
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color": fill, "ids": []})).unwrap();
+    let id = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x":x,"y":0,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    NodeId(id)
+}
+fn scribble(s: &mut Session, pts: &[[f64; 2]]) -> NodeId {
+    NodeId(s.execute("shaper.scribble", &json!({"points":pts})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap())
+}
+fn node(s: &Session, id: NodeId) -> &Node {
+    s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(id).unwrap()
+}
+fn fill(s: &Session, id: NodeId, x: f64, y: f64) -> Option<String> {
+    node(s, id)
+        .children()
+        .unwrap()
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|n| n.name.as_deref() != Some(SOURCES))
+        .rev()
+        .find(|n| {
+            n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|n| n.starts_with(FILL_PREFIX))
+                && n.path_data().is_some_and(|p| p.to_bezpath().winding(Point::new(x, y)) != 0)
+        })
+        .map(|n| n.appearance.fill_paint().label())
+}
+fn stroke(s: &Session, id: NodeId, x: f64, y: f64) -> bool {
+    node(s, id).children().unwrap().iter().filter(|n| n.name.as_deref() != Some(SOURCES)).any(|n| {
+        n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|n| n.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX))
+            && !n.appearance.stroke_paint().is_none()
+            && n.path_data().and_then(|p| p.nearest(Point::new(x, y))).is_some_and(|(_, _, _, _, d)| d < 0.1)
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_merges_with_origin_color_keeps_live_originals_and_undoes_once() {
+    for reverse in [false, true] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+        let b = rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+        let originals = [node(&s, a).clone(), node(&s, b).clone()];
+        let undo = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+        let mut pts = vec![[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0], [75.0, 80.0], [125.0, 85.0]];
+        if reverse {
+            pts.reverse();
+        }
+        let g = scribble(&mut s, &pts);
+        let color = if reverse { "#0000ff" } else { "#ff0000" };
+        for x in [25.0, 75.0, 125.0] {
+            assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, x, 50.0).as_deref(), Some(color));
+        }
+        for n in &originals {
+            assert_eq!(node(&s, n.id), n);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(node(&s, g).children().unwrap()[0].name.as_deref(), Some(SOURCES));
+        assert!(!stroke(&s, g, 50.0, 50.0));
+        assert!(stroke(&s, g, 0.0, 50.0));
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), undo + 1);
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(g).is_none());
+        for n in &originals {
+            assert_eq!(node(&s, n.id), n);
+        }
+        s.execute("edit.redo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some(color));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_interior_punch_removes_the_whole_visible_front_face() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    let b = rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+    let originals = [node(&s, a).clone(), node(&s, b).clone()];
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[65.0, 20.0], [85.0, 40.0], [65.0, 60.0], [85.0, 80.0]]);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0), None);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 25.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 125.0, 50.0), None);
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 50.0, 50.0) && stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 50.0));
+    for n in &originals {
+        assert_eq!(node(&s, n.id), n);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_exiting_scribble_erases_only_touched_fill_and_boundary_strokes() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[110.0, 20.0], [140.0, 35.0], [110.0, 50.0], [140.0, 65.0], [200.0, 70.0]]);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 125.0, 50.0), None);
+    assert!(!stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 50.0));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 25.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0), None);
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 0.0, 50.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_erases_only_protruding_stroke_pieces_keeps_fill_and_original_line() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":"#ffff00"})).unwrap();
+    let circle = NodeId(s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":100,"y":100,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let line = NodeId(s.execute("shape.line", &json!({"x1":50,"y1":150,"x2":250,"y2":150})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let original_line = node(&s, line).clone();
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[60.0, 140.0], [70.0, 160.0], [80.0, 140.0], [90.0, 160.0]]);
+    assert!(!stroke(&s, g, 75.0, 150.0));
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 150.0));
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 225.0, 150.0));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 150.0, 130.0).as_deref(), Some("#ffff00"));
+    assert_eq!(node(&s, line), &original_line);
+    assert!(matches!(node(&s, circle).kind, NodeKind::Path { live: Some(LiveShape::Ellipse { .. }), .. }));
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[210.0, 140.0], [220.0, 160.0], [230.0, 140.0], [240.0, 160.0]]);
+    assert!(!stroke(&s, g, 225.0, 150.0));
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 150.0));
+    assert_eq!(node(&s, line), &original_line);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_source_move_resize_native_roundtrip_and_release_preserve_live_art() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    let b = rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[a.0],"dx":20,"dy":10})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 30.0, 15.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
+    assert_eq!(node(&s, a).geometric_bounds().unwrap().x0, 20.0);
+    s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids":[a.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.setBounds", &json!({"width":120.0,"height":110.0,"reference":0})).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(node(&s, a).kind, NodeKind::Path { live: Some(LiveShape::Rectangle { .. }), .. }));
+    let doc = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    let back = vectorcraft_format::load(&vectorcraft_format::save(doc, false)).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(back.layers, doc.layers);
+    let originals = [node(&s, a).clone(), node(&s, b).clone()];
+    s.execute("shaper.release", &json!({"id":g.0})).unwrap();
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(g).is_none());
+    for n in &originals {
+        assert_eq!(node(&s, n.id), n);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_face_paint_survives_source_edits_and_expand_discards_only_sources() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
+    s.execute("shaper.select", &json!({"point":[75,50]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":"#00ff00"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[a.0],"dx":5,"dy":0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#00ff00"));
+    s.execute("shaper.expand", &json!({"id":g.0})).unwrap();
+    assert!(node(&s, g).shaper.is_none());
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(a).is_none());
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 75.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#00ff00"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_double_click_selects_an_original_for_construction_editing() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let a = rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    rectangle(&mut s, 50.0, "#0000ff");
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[25.0, 20.0], [75.0, 35.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
+    let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
+    s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
+    let requests = s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(PointerKind::DoubleClick, 25.0, 50.0), v).unwrap();
+    assert!(requests.iter().any(|r| matches!(r, UiRequest::SwitchTool(tool) if tool == "selection")));
+    s.select_tool("selection", v).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.tool_id(), "selection");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, vec![a]);
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().isolation, Some(node(&s, g).children().unwrap()[0].id));
+    assert!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.is_editable(a));
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"dx":10,"dy":0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 15.0, 50.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
+    s.execute("object.exitIsolation", &json!({})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, vec![g]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_lines_keep_free_angles_with_or_without_shift() {
+    for shift in [false, true] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
+        s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
+        for (kind, x, y) in [(PointerKind::Down, 30.0, 40.0), (PointerKind::Drag, 130.0, 70.0), (PointerKind::Up, 230.0, 100.0)] {
+            s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, x, y).with_mods(Mods { shift, ..Default::default() }), v).unwrap();
+        }
+        let n = node(&s, s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects[0]);
+        assert!(matches!(n.kind,NodeKind::Path{live:Some(LiveShape::Line{a,b}),..} if a==Point::new(30.0,40.0) && b==Point::new(230.0,100.0)));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_rejects_oversized_or_invalid_gestures_without_changing_art() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    rectangle(&mut s, 0.0, "#ff0000");
+    let before = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let history = s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len();
+    for params in [json!({"points":vec![[1.0,1.0];4097]}), json!({"points":[[1,1],[2,2]],"tolerance":0}), json!({"points":[[1e100,0]]})] {
+        assert!(s.execute("shaper.scribble", &params).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().doc.layers, before.layers);
+        assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().history.undo.len(), history);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_tool_trims_both_diagonal_ends_and_only_construction_can_pick_them() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::hit::{HitOptions, hit_test};
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":"#ffff00"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":100,"y":100,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap();
+    let rotate = |x: f64, y: f64| {
+        let (x, y) = (x - 150.0, y - 150.0);
+        Point::new(150.0 + (x + y) / 2.0f64.sqrt(), 150.0 + (y - x) / 2.0f64.sqrt())
+    };
+    let (a, b) = (rotate(50.0, 150.0), rotate(250.0, 150.0));
+    let line = NodeId(s.execute("shape.line", &json!({"x1":a.x,"y1":a.y,"x2":b.x,"y2":b.y})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+    let original = node(&s, line).clone();
+    let v = ViewInfo { smart_guides: false, ..Default::default() };
+    s.select_tool("shaper", v).unwrap();
+    for offset in [0.0, 150.0] {
+        let points = [(60.0, 140.0), (70.0, 160.0), (80.0, 140.0), (90.0, 160.0)];
+        for (i, (x, y)) in points.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            let p = rotate(x + offset, y);
+            let kind = if i == 0 {
+                PointerKind::Down
+            } else if i == 3 {
+                PointerKind::Up
+            } else {
+                PointerKind::Drag
+            };
+            s.pointer(&PointerEvent::new(kind, p.x, p.y), v).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    let g = s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects[0];
+    assert!(node(&s, g).shaper.is_some());
+    assert_eq!(node(&s, line), &original);
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 150.0));
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 150.0, 130.0).as_deref(), Some("#ffff00"));
+    let sources = node(&s, g).children().unwrap()[0].id;
+    let doc = &s.doc().unwrap().doc;
+    for x in [75.0, 225.0] {
+        let p = rotate(x, 150.0);
+        assert!(!stroke(&s, g, p.x, p.y));
+        assert!(!node(&s, g).geometric_bounds().unwrap().contains(p));
+        assert!(!node(&s, g).visual_bounds().unwrap().contains(p));
+        assert!(hit_test(doc, p, HitOptions { tol: 0.5, ..Default::default() }).is_none());
+        assert_eq!(hit_test(doc, p, HitOptions { tol: 0.5, scope: Some(sources), ..Default::default() }).unwrap().leaf, line);
+    }
+    let p = rotate(75.0, 150.0);
+    s.execute("shaper.select", &json!({"point":[p.x,p.y],"source":true})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().selection.objects, vec![line]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_three_circles_erase_a_visible_fill_and_keep_the_complete_shared_curve() {
+    for exits in [false, true] {
+        let mut s = session();
+        let mut originals = vec![];
+        for (x, y, fill) in [(100.0, 20.0, "#ff0000"), (20.0, 130.0, "#ffffff"), (170.0, 130.0, "#ffff00")] {
+            s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":fill,"ids":[]})).unwrap();
+            let id = NodeId(s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":x,"y":y,"width":200,"height":200})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+            originals.push(node(&s, id).clone());
+        }
+        let mut points = vec![[290.0, 210.0], [330.0, 225.0], [290.0, 240.0], [330.0, 255.0]];
+        if exits {
+            points.push([410.0, 260.0]);
+        }
+        let g = scribble(&mut s, &points);
+        for (x, y) in [(330.0, 230.0), (190.0, 230.0), (250.0, 180.0)] {
+            assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, x, y), None, "all of the visible yellow face is erased, including covered intersections");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(stroke(&s, g, 370.0, 230.0), !exits);
+        for angle in [145.0_f64, 160.0, 180.0, 200.0, 220.0, 240.0, 260.0, 280.0] {
+            let (sin, cos) = angle.to_radians().sin_cos();
+            assert!(stroke(&s, g, 270.0 + 100.0 * cos, 230.0 + 100.0 * sin), "shared curve remains complete at {angle}°, exiting {exits}");
+        }
+        if exits {
+            // The two new corners must be actual path joins, rather than meeting butt caps.
+            for corner in [Point::new(298.975, 134.288), Point::new(195.0, 296.144)] {
+                assert!(
+                    node(&s, g)
+                        .children()
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|n| n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX)))
+                        .flat_map(|n| n.path_data().unwrap().subpaths.iter())
+                        .flat_map(|sp| &sp.anchors)
+                        .any(|a| a.p.distance(corner) < 0.1 && a.has_in() && a.has_out()),
+                    "joined corner at {corner:?}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 110.0, 230.0).as_deref(), Some("#ffffff"));
+        assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 200.0, 80.0).as_deref(), Some("#ff0000"));
+        for n in originals {
+            assert_eq!(node(&s, n.id), &n);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_visible_dividing_stroke_keeps_fill_erasure_on_one_side() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":"#ffff00","ids":[]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":100,"y":100,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.line", &json!({"x1":100,"y1":150,"x2":200,"y2":150})).unwrap();
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[140.0, 125.0], [160.0, 135.0], [140.0, 140.0], [160.0, 145.0]]);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 150.0, 130.0), None);
+    assert_eq!(fill(&s, g, 150.0, 170.0).as_deref(), Some("#ffff00"));
+    assert!(stroke(&s, g, 150.0, 150.0));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shaper_joined_outline_keeps_its_stroke_paint_after_source_edits() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let mut ids = vec![];
+    for (x, color) in [(0, "#ff0000"), (50, "#ffff00")] {
+        s.execute("paint.setFill", &json!({"color":color,"ids":[]})).unwrap();
+        ids.push(NodeId(s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":x,"y":0,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap()));
+    }
+    let g = scribble(&mut s, &[[20.0, 40.0], [70.0, 45.0], [30.0, 50.0], [125.0, 55.0], [75.0, 60.0], [125.0, 65.0]]);
+    let outlines: Vec<_> =
+        node(&s, g).children().unwrap().iter().filter(|n| n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX))).collect();
+    assert_eq!(outlines.len(), 1);
+    assert!(outlines[0].path_data().unwrap().subpaths[0].closed);
+    let outline = outlines[0].id;
+    s.execute("paint.setStroke", &json!({"color":"#00ff00","ids":[outline.0]})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("object.move", &json!({"ids":[ids[0].0],"dx":10,"dy":0})).unwrap();
+    let outlines: Vec<_> =
+        node(&s, g).children().unwrap().iter().filter(|n| n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX))).collect();
+    assert_eq!(outlines.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(outlines[0].appearance.stroke_paint().label(), "#00ff00");
+    assert!(outlines[0].path_data().unwrap().subpaths[0].closed);
+    for id in ids {
+        assert_ne!(node(&s, id).appearance.stroke_paint().label(), "#00ff00");
+    }
+}

crates/engine/tests/command_sweep.rs

@@ -274,6 +274,15 @@ fn structured_junk() {
         ("text.create", json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "text": "\u{0}\u{FFFF}\u{1F600}", "size": -1})),
         ("text.create", json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "text": "a", "size": 1e308, "area": {"width": -1, "height": 0}})),
         ("text.setStyle", json!({"size": 0, "leading": -1, "tracking": 1e308})),
+        ("text.setStyle", json!({"justify": "center", "start": u64::MAX, "end": 0})),
+        ("text.setStyle", json!({"justify": "right", "start": -1, "end": "x"})),
+        ("text.setFormat", json!({"spaceBefore": 1e308, "leftIndent": -1e308, "start": 3, "end": u64::MAX})),
+        ("text.setFormat", json!({"hyphenate": true, "underline": true, "start": 1.5, "end": null})),
+        ("text.setFormat", json!({"ids": [u64::MAX, 2], "firstLineIndent": 5, "start": 0, "end": 0})),
+        ("text.tabs.set", json!({"stops": [{"position": 10}], "start": u64::MAX, "end": u64::MAX})),
+        ("text.tabs.get", json!({"start": -5})),
+        ("paraStyle.apply", json!({"name": "[Normal Paragraph Style]", "id": 2, "start": u64::MAX, "end": 1})),
+        ("paraStyle.new", json!({"id": 2, "start": u64::MAX})),
         ("document.setUnits", json!({"units": "Parsecs"})),
         ("document.open", json!({"name": "x.svg", "dataBase64": "!!!"})),
         ("document.open", json!({"name": "x.svg", "dataBase64": "PHN2Zz4="})),
@@ -311,6 +320,54 @@ fn structured_junk() {
     assert!(failures.is_empty(), "{} failures:\n{}", failures.len(), failures.join("\n"));
 }
 
+/// Area Type Options with junk fit values, on selected area type (the fixtures have none), with
+/// text that overflows: never a panic, the document stays sound, and editing still works.
+#[test]
+fn area_options_fit_junk() {
+    let cases = [
+        json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": 1e308}),
+        json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": -1e308}),
+        json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": "x"}),
+        json!({"fit": {"shrinkText": {"minPercent": -5}}}),
+        json!({"fit": {"shrinkText": {"minPercent": "a"}}}),
+        json!({"fit": {"shrinkText": null}}),
+        json!({"fit": {"autoHeight": 1}}),
+        json!({"fit": {"bogus": {}}}),
+        json!({"fit": [1, 2]}),
+        json!({"fit": ""}),
+        json!({"fit": "AUTO-HEIGHT", "height": 1e308, "width": -1e308}),
+        json!({"fit": "autoHeight", "columns": u64::MAX, "gutter": 1e308, "inset": 1e308}),
+        json!({"fit": "autoHeight", "rows": 5, "inset": -1}),
+        json!({"fit": "shrinkText", "columns": 100, "gutter": 0, "inset": 10000}),
+        json!({"fitMinPercent": 50}),
+        json!({"fit": "none", "fitMinPercent": 1e-308}),
+    ];
+    let story = "Words that overflow a small frame. ".repeat(40);
+    let mut failures = vec![];
+    for (size, (w, h)) in [(12.0, (120.0, 40.0)), (0.1, (1.0, 1.0)), (1296.0, (100_000.0, 1.0))] {
+        for p in &cases {
+            let mut s = Fixture::Multi.session();
+            let made = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "size": size, "text": story, "area": {"width": w, "height": h}}));
+            let Ok(made) = made else { continue };
+            let id = made["id"].as_u64().unwrap_or(0);
+            let r = catch_quiet(|| s.execute("text.areaOptions", p));
+            match r {
+                Err(m) => failures.push(format!("PANIC text.areaOptions {p} [{size} pt, {w}×{h}]: {m}")),
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    let typed = catch_quiet(|| s.execute("text.editRange", &json!({"id": id, "start": 0, "insert": "More words. "})));
+                    if typed.is_err() {
+                        failures.push(format!("PANIC typing after text.areaOptions {p}"));
+                    }
+                    if let Err(e) = check_session(&s) {
+                        failures.push(format!("text.areaOptions {p} [{size} pt]: {e}"));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    assert!(failures.is_empty(), "{} failures:\n{}", failures.len(), failures.join("\n"));
+}
+
 /// After a successful fuzzed call, the document still round-trips and exports.
 #[test]
 fn fuzzed_calls_keep_documents_serializable() {

crates/format/tests/native_v3.rs

@@ -53,8 +53,10 @@ fn area_type_vertical_alignment_round_trips() {
     let area = |d: &Document| {
         let mut found = None;
         d.walk(|n| {
+            // The fixture's centred area type, by its text (the fixture has other area type).
             if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind
                 && matches!(t.kind, vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { .. })
+                && t.runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect::<String>() == "Centred area type"
             {
                 found = Some(t.area.vertical_align);
             }
@@ -63,7 +65,20 @@ fn area_type_vertical_alignment_round_trips() {
     };
     assert_eq!(area(&back), vectorcraft_doc::VerticalAlign::Center);
     // Files from before the option open top-aligned.
-    let old = text.replacen("\"verticalAlign\":\"center\",", "", 1).replacen(",\"verticalAlign\":\"center\"", "", 1);
+    // (Every area type the fixture has writes its options, so the key goes from all of them.)
+    fn strip(v: &mut Value) {
+        match v {
+            Value::Object(m) => {
+                m.remove("verticalAlign");
+                m.values_mut().for_each(strip);
+            }
+            Value::Array(a) => a.iter_mut().for_each(strip),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    let mut v = json_of(text.as_bytes());
+    strip(&mut v);
+    let old = serde_json::to_string(&v).unwrap();
     assert!(!old.contains("verticalAlign"));
     assert_eq!(area(&load(old.as_bytes()).unwrap()), vectorcraft_doc::VerticalAlign::Top);
 }
@@ -149,11 +164,12 @@ fn text_composer_round_trips() {
         });
         v
     };
-    // The point type set to Single-line, then the area type left at the default.
-    assert_eq!(composers(&d), [Composer::SingleLine, Composer::EveryLine]);
+    // The point type set to Single-line comes first; the fixture's other type keeps the default.
+    let single_then_default = |c: &[Composer]| c.len() > 1 && c[0] == Composer::SingleLine && c[1..].iter().all(|c| *c == Composer::EveryLine);
+    assert!(single_then_default(&composers(&d)), "{:?}", composers(&d));
     let bytes = save(&d, false);
     assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes).contains("\"composer\":\"singleLine\""));
-    assert_eq!(composers(&load(&bytes).unwrap()), [Composer::SingleLine, Composer::EveryLine]);
+    assert_eq!(composers(&load(&bytes).unwrap()), composers(&d));
     // Files without the key (older files, Every-line text) read as Every-line.
     fn strip(v: &mut Value) {
         match v {
@@ -168,7 +184,7 @@ fn text_composer_round_trips() {
     let mut v = json_of(&bytes);
     strip(&mut v);
     let d2 = load(&serde_json::to_vec(&v).unwrap()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(composers(&d2), [Composer::EveryLine, Composer::EveryLine]);
+    assert!(composers(&d2).iter().all(|c| *c == Composer::EveryLine), "{:?}", composers(&d2));
     assert!(!String::from_utf8_lossy(&save(&d2, false)).contains("composer"));
 }
 

crates/geom/src/recognize.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 //! Shape recognition for the Shaper tool: a rough freehand stroke becomes a clean shape.
 //!
 //! The stroke is classified by how closed it is, how many corners survive a coarse polyline
-//! simplification (Douglas–Peucker at a fraction of the stroke's size) and how well it fills its
-//! bounding box. A zig-zag stroke with several reversals is a scribble (the Shaper deletes what it
-//! covers).
+//! simplification independent of where drawing began, its edge/angle fit and how well it fills
+//! its bounding box. Samples are spaced by distance so pointer speed does not bias the fit.
+//! A zig-zag stroke with several reversals is a scribble (the Shaper deletes what it covers).
 
-use crate::{Point, Rect, Vec2};
+use crate::{Affine, Point, Rect, Vec2};
 
 /// What the Shaper recognised.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -14,10 +14,16 @@ pub enum Recognized {
         a: Point,
         b: Point,
     },
-    /// Axis-aligned rectangle (squares snap when the sides are within 10%).
-    Rectangle(Rect),
-    /// Axis-aligned ellipse in `rect` (circles snap when the axes are within 10%).
-    Ellipse(Rect),
+    /// Rectangle at a 45° step (squares snap when the sides are within 10%).
+    Rectangle {
+        rect: Rect,
+        rotation: f64,
+    },
+    /// Ellipse at a 45° step (circles snap when the axes are within 10%).
+    Ellipse {
+        rect: Rect,
+        rotation: f64,
+    },
     /// Regular polygon (triangle, pentagon, hexagon…): centre, radius, side count and the rotation
     /// (degrees) of the first vertex from straight up.
     Polygon {
@@ -48,30 +54,174 @@ fn dist_to_segment(p: Point, a: Point, b: Point) -> f64 {
     p.distance(a + ab * t)
 }
 
-/// Douglas–Peucker simplification.
+/// Douglas–Peucker simplification with bounded stack use, even for noisy strokes.
 fn simplify(pts: &[Point], tol: f64) -> Vec<Point> {
     if pts.len() < 3 {
         return pts.to_vec();
     }
-    let (a, b) = (pts[0], pts[pts.len() - 1]);
-    let (i, d) = pts[1..pts.len() - 1]
-        .iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .map(|(i, p)| (i + 1, dist_to_segment(*p, a, b)))
-        .fold((0, 0.0), |m, x| if x.1 > m.1 { x } else { m });
-    if d <= tol {
-        return vec![a, b];
+    let mut keep = vec![false; pts.len()];
+    if let Some(first) = keep.first_mut() {
+        *first = true;
     }
-    let mut left = simplify(&pts[..=i], tol);
-    let right = simplify(&pts[i..], tol);
-    left.pop();
-    left.extend(right);
-    left
+    if let Some(last) = keep.last_mut() {
+        *last = true;
+    }
+    let mut pending = vec![(0, pts.len() - 1)];
+    while let Some((start, end)) = pending.pop() {
+        let Some(window) = pts.get(start..=end) else { continue };
+        let (Some(&a), Some(&b)) = (window.first(), window.last()) else { continue };
+        let (offset, deviation) = window
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .skip(1)
+            .take(window.len().saturating_sub(2))
+            .map(|(i, p)| (i, dist_to_segment(*p, a, b)))
+            .fold((0, 0.0), |best, candidate| if candidate.1 > best.1 { candidate } else { best });
+        if deviation > tol {
+            let split = start + offset;
+            if let Some(k) = keep.get_mut(split) {
+                *k = true;
+            }
+            if split > start + 1 {
+                pending.push((start, split));
+            }
+            if end > split + 1 {
+                pending.push((split, end));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    pts.iter().zip(keep).filter_map(|(p, keep)| keep.then_some(*p)).collect()
+}
+
+/// Sample by distance, so pointer speed/density cannot bias the shape fit. Bounds and length
+/// still come from the complete stroke, but simplification works on at most 256 samples.
+fn resample(pts: &[Point], length: f64) -> Vec<Point> {
+    const SAMPLES: usize = 256;
+    let (Some(&first), Some(&last)) = (pts.first(), pts.last()) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let mut out = vec![first];
+    let mut walked = 0.0;
+    for (&a, &b) in pts.iter().zip(pts.iter().skip(1)) {
+        let segment = a.distance(b);
+        if segment <= 0.0 {
+            continue;
+        }
+        while out.len() < SAMPLES - 1 {
+            let target = length * (out.len() as f64 / (SAMPLES - 1) as f64);
+            if target > walked + segment {
+                break;
+            }
+            out.push(a + (b - a) * ((target - walked) / segment).clamp(0.0, 1.0));
+        }
+        walked += segment;
+    }
+    out.push(last);
+    out
+}
+
+/// A closed stroke has no special starting corner. Split at distant points and simplify both
+/// halves, then discard collinear seam points instead of counting them as polygon vertices.
+fn closed_corners(pts: &[Point], tol: f64) -> Vec<Point> {
+    let Some(&first) = pts.first() else { return Vec::new() };
+    let start = pts.iter().enumerate().max_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.distance(first).total_cmp(&b.distance(first))).map_or(0, |(i, _)| i);
+    let ring: Vec<Point> = pts.iter().skip(start).chain(pts.iter().take(start)).copied().collect();
+    let Some(&first) = ring.first() else { return Vec::new() };
+    let split = ring.iter().enumerate().max_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| a.distance(first).total_cmp(&b.distance(first))).map_or(0, |(i, _)| i);
+    let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (ring.get(..=split), ring.get(split..)) else { return Vec::new() };
+    let mut corners = simplify(left, tol);
+    corners.pop();
+    let other: Vec<Point> = right.iter().copied().chain(std::iter::once(first)).collect();
+    let mut other = simplify(&other, tol);
+    other.pop();
+    corners.extend(other);
+    while corners.len() > 3 {
+        let n = corners.len();
+        let redundant = corners.iter().enumerate().find_map(|(i, p)| {
+            let (&a, &b) = (corners.get((i + n - 1) % n)?, corners.get((i + 1) % n)?);
+            (dist_to_segment(*p, a, b) <= tol).then_some(i)
+        });
+        let Some(i) = redundant else { break };
+        corners.remove(i);
+    }
+    corners
 }
 
 fn area(poly: &[Point]) -> f64 {
-    let n = poly.len();
-    (0..n).map(|i| poly[i].to_vec2().cross(poly[(i + 1) % n].to_vec2())).sum::<f64>().abs() / 2.0
+    let Some(&origin) = poly.first() else { return 0.0 };
+    // Translating to the first point avoids cancellation far from the document origin.
+    poly.iter().zip(poly.iter().skip(1)).map(|(&a, &b)| (a - origin).cross(b - origin)).sum::<f64>().abs() / 2.0
+}
+
+/// Four substantial, approximately perpendicular edges, even with uneven sides and corners.
+fn is_rectangle(pts: &[Point], corners: &[Point], size: f64) -> bool {
+    if corners.len() != 4 || !is_polygonal(pts, corners, size, 0.055) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    right_angles(corners, size)
+}
+
+fn right_angles(corners: &[Point], size: f64) -> bool {
+    let around: Vec<Point> = corners.iter().cycle().take(corners.len() + 2).copied().collect();
+    around.windows(3).all(|w| {
+        let [a, b, c] = w else { return false };
+        let (u, v) = (*b - *a, *c - *b);
+        let (lu, lv) = (u.hypot(), v.hypot());
+        lu > 0.03 * size && lv > 0.03 * size && (u.dot(v) / (lu * lv)).abs() < 0.45
+    })
+}
+
+/// Fit all vertices, so neither the starting point nor drawing direction picks the orientation.
+fn polygon_rotation(corners: &[Point], step: f64) -> f64 {
+    let Some(&origin) = corners.first() else { return 0.0 };
+    let n = corners.len() as f64;
+    let center = origin + corners.iter().fold(Vec2::ZERO, |sum, p| sum + (*p - origin) / n);
+    let period = 360.0 / n;
+    let error = |rotation: f64| {
+        corners
+            .iter()
+            .map(|p| {
+                let angle = (*p - center).atan2().to_degrees() + 90.0;
+                let delta = (angle - rotation).rem_euclid(period);
+                delta.min(period - delta).powi(2)
+            })
+            .sum::<f64>()
+    };
+    [0.0, 90.0, 180.0, 270.0].into_iter().filter(|r| r % step == 0.0).min_by(|a, b| error(*a).total_cmp(&error(*b))).unwrap_or(0.0)
+}
+
+fn rectangle_rotation(corners: &[Point]) -> f64 {
+    let (sin, cos) = corners.iter().zip(corners.iter().cycle().skip(1)).fold((0.0, 0.0), |(sin, cos), (&a, &b)| {
+        let angle = (b - a).atan2() * 4.0;
+        (sin + angle.sin(), cos + angle.cos())
+    });
+    (sin.atan2(cos).to_degrees() / 4.0 / 45.0).round().mul_add(45.0, 0.0).rem_euclid(180.0)
+}
+
+fn ellipse_rotation(pts: &[Point]) -> f64 {
+    let Some(&origin) = pts.first() else { return 0.0 };
+    let n = pts.len() as f64;
+    let center = origin + pts.iter().fold(Vec2::ZERO, |sum, p| sum + (*p - origin) / n);
+    let (xx, yy, xy) = pts.iter().fold((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), |(xx, yy, xy), p| {
+        let v = *p - center;
+        (xx + v.x * v.x, yy + v.y * v.y, xy + v.x * v.y)
+    });
+    // A near-circle has no useful orientation; keep it upright rather than following noise.
+    if (xx - yy).hypot(2.0 * xy) < 0.1 * (xx + yy) {
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+    ((2.0 * xy).atan2(xx - yy).to_degrees() / 2.0 / 45.0).round().mul_add(45.0, 0.0).rem_euclid(180.0)
+}
+
+/// Dimensions in the fitted frame, but the centre stays in document coordinates.
+fn oriented_bounds(pts: &[Point], rotation: f64) -> Rect {
+    if rotation == 0.0 {
+        return bbox(pts);
+    }
+    let origin = pts.first().copied().unwrap_or(Point::ZERO);
+    let rotate = Affine::rotate(rotation.to_radians());
+    let inverse = Affine::rotate(-rotation.to_radians());
+    let local: Vec<Point> = pts.iter().map(|p| inverse * (*p - origin).to_point()).collect();
+    let b = bbox(&local);
+    Rect::from_center_size(origin + (rotate * b.center()).to_vec2(), (b.width(), b.height()))
 }
 
 /// Number of sharp direction reversals (turns of more than 120°) along the stroke.
@@ -87,22 +237,35 @@ fn reversals(pts: &[Point], min_seg: f64) -> usize {
 
 /// Recognise a freehand stroke (document points, in drawing order).
 pub fn recognize(pts: &[Point]) -> Option<Recognized> {
-    if pts.len() < 2 {
+    if pts.len() < 2 || pts.iter().any(|p| !p.x.is_finite() || !p.y.is_finite()) {
         return None;
     }
     let b = bbox(pts);
     let size = b.width().max(b.height());
-    if size < 2.0 {
+    if size < 2.0 || !size.is_finite() {
         return None;
     }
     let len = path_len(pts);
-    let (first, last) = (pts[0], pts[pts.len() - 1]);
+    if !len.is_finite() || len <= 0.0 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let original = pts;
+    let samples = resample(pts, len);
+    let pts = samples.as_slice();
+    let (&first, &last) = (pts.first()?, pts.last()?);
+    let chord = first.distance(last);
     // Scribble: several sharp reversals packed into a small area relative to the stroke length.
-    if reversals(pts, size * 0.08) >= 3 && len > 3.0 * size {
-        return Some(Recognized::Scribble(b));
+    if reversals(pts, size * 0.08) >= 2 && len > 1.5 * size {
+        // An equilateral triangle turns 120° at its vertices: drawing noise can make all
+        // three turns just exceed the reversal threshold. Its closed, straight edges and
+        // substantial area distinguish it from a deletion scribble.
+        let corners = closed_corners(pts, size * 0.12);
+        let triangle = chord <= 0.25 * size && corners.len() == 3 && area(pts) > 0.2 * size * size && is_polygonal(pts, &corners, size, 0.055);
+        if !triangle {
+            return Some(Recognized::Scribble(b));
+        }
     }
     // Line: every point near the chord.
-    let chord = first.distance(last);
     let max_dev = pts.iter().map(|p| dist_to_segment(*p, first, last)).fold(0.0, f64::max);
     if chord > 0.5 * size && max_dev < 0.08 * chord.max(1.0) && len < 1.3 * chord {
         return Some(Recognized::Line { a: first, b: last });
@@ -111,13 +274,11 @@ pub fn recognize(pts: &[Point]) -> Option<Recognized> {
     if chord > 0.25 * size {
         return None;
     }
-    let mut closed: Vec<Point> = pts.to_vec();
-    closed.push(first);
-    let mut corners = simplify(&closed, size * 0.12);
-    if corners.len() > 1 && corners[0].distance(corners[corners.len() - 1]) < size * 0.15 {
-        corners.pop();
-    }
+    let corners = closed_corners(pts, size * 0.12);
     let fill = area(pts) / (b.width() * b.height()).max(1e-9);
+    if !fill.is_finite() {
+        return None;
+    }
     let center = b.center();
     let square = |r: Rect| {
         let (w, h) = (r.width(), r.height());
@@ -131,33 +292,36 @@ pub fn recognize(pts: &[Point]) -> Option<Recognized> {
     match corners.len() {
         3 => {
             let radius = corners.iter().map(|p| p.distance(center)).sum::<f64>() / 3.0;
-            // Rotation of the vertex nearest straight up (y grows downward).
-            let top = corners.iter().copied().min_by(|a, b| a.y.total_cmp(&b.y)).unwrap_or(center);
-            let rot = (top - center).atan2().to_degrees() + 90.0;
-            Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides: 3, rotation: rot })
+            Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides: 3, rotation: polygon_rotation(&corners, 180.0) })
         }
-        4 if fill > 0.86 => Some(Recognized::Rectangle(square(b))),
-        // A diamond: a square standing on a corner.
-        4 if (0.4..0.62).contains(&fill) => {
-            let radius = corners.iter().map(|p| p.distance(center)).sum::<f64>() / 4.0;
-            Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides: 4, rotation: 0.0 })
+        4 if is_rectangle(pts, &corners, size) => {
+            let rotation = rectangle_rotation(&corners);
+            Some(Recognized::Rectangle { rect: square(oriented_bounds(original, rotation)), rotation })
         }
-        n @ 5..=8 if fill > 0.6 && fill < 0.85 && is_polygonal(pts, &corners, size) => {
+        n @ 5..=8 if fill > 0.6 && fill < 0.85 && is_polygonal(pts, &corners, size, 0.02) => {
             let radius = corners.iter().map(|p| p.distance(center)).sum::<f64>() / n as f64;
-            Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides: n as u32, rotation: 0.0 })
+            Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides: n as u32, rotation: if n == 6 { polygon_rotation(&corners, 90.0) } else { 0.0 } })
+        }
+        _ => {
+            let rotation = ellipse_rotation(pts);
+            let rect = oriented_bounds(original, rotation);
+            (area(pts) / (rect.width() * rect.height()).max(1e-9) > 0.6).then(|| Recognized::Ellipse { rect: square(rect), rotation })
         }
-        _ if fill > 0.6 => Some(Recognized::Ellipse(square(b))),
-        _ => None,
     }
 }
 
 /// Do the stroke's points hug the straight edges between `corners` (rather than bulging like an
 /// ellipse)?
-fn is_polygonal(pts: &[Point], corners: &[Point], size: f64) -> bool {
-    let n = corners.len();
-    let dev: f64 = pts.iter().map(|p| (0..n).map(|i| dist_to_segment(*p, corners[i], corners[(i + 1) % n])).fold(f64::MAX, f64::min)).sum::<f64>()
+fn is_polygonal(pts: &[Point], corners: &[Point], size: f64, tolerance: f64) -> bool {
+    if pts.is_empty() || corners.len() < 3 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let dev: f64 = pts
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| corners.iter().zip(corners.iter().cycle().skip(1)).map(|(&a, &b)| dist_to_segment(*p, a, b)).fold(f64::MAX, f64::min))
+        .sum::<f64>()
         / pts.len() as f64;
-    dev < 0.02 * size
+    dev < tolerance * size
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -192,20 +356,45 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn rough_rectangle_and_square() {
         let r = wobbly(&[Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(200.0, 0.0), Point::new(200.0, 100.0), Point::new(0.0, 100.0)], 20, 2.0);
-        let Some(Recognized::Rectangle(b)) = recognize(&r) else { panic!("{:?}", recognize(&r)) };
+        let Some(Recognized::Rectangle { rect: b, .. }) = recognize(&r) else { panic!("{:?}", recognize(&r)) };
         assert!((b.width() - 200.0).abs() < 8.0 && (b.height() - 100.0).abs() < 8.0);
         let s = wobbly(&[Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 95.0), Point::new(0.0, 95.0)], 20, 1.0);
-        let Some(Recognized::Rectangle(b)) = recognize(&s) else { panic!() };
+        let Some(Recognized::Rectangle { rect: b, .. }) = recognize(&s) else { panic!() };
         assert!((b.width() - b.height()).abs() < 1e-9, "near-squares snap to squares");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn rough_squares_are_rectangles_from_any_starting_point() {
+        let cases = [
+            [Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 8.0), Point::new(94.0, 100.0), Point::new(10.0, 91.0)],
+            [Point::new(0.0, 8.0), Point::new(94.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 95.0), Point::new(7.0, 100.0)],
+        ];
+        for vertices in cases {
+            for wobble in [0.5, 4.0] {
+                let mut stroke = wobbly(&vertices, 24, wobble);
+                stroke.pop();
+                for start in [0, 5, 12, 20, 30, 47, 60, 79] {
+                    stroke.rotate_left(start);
+                    let mut closed = stroke.clone();
+                    closed.push(stroke[0] + Vec2::new(2.0, -1.0));
+                    assert!(
+                        matches!(recognize(&closed), Some(Recognized::Rectangle { .. })),
+                        "wobble {wobble}, start {start}: {:?}",
+                        recognize(&closed)
+                    );
+                    stroke.rotate_right(start);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn ellipse_circle_triangle_hexagon_line() {
         assert!(
-            matches!(recognize(&circle(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), 80.0, 40.0, 72)), Some(Recognized::Ellipse(r)) if r.width() > 150.0 && r.height() < 100.0)
+            matches!(recognize(&circle(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), 80.0, 40.0, 72)), Some(Recognized::Ellipse { rect: r, .. }) if r.width() > 150.0 && r.height() < 100.0)
         );
         assert!(
-            matches!(recognize(&circle(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), 50.0, 48.0, 72)), Some(Recognized::Ellipse(r)) if (r.width() - r.height()).abs() < 1e-9)
+            matches!(recognize(&circle(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), 50.0, 48.0, 72)), Some(Recognized::Ellipse { rect: r, .. }) if (r.width() - r.height()).abs() < 1e-9)
         );
         let tri = wobbly(&[Point::new(100.0, 0.0), Point::new(200.0, 170.0), Point::new(0.0, 170.0)], 25, 1.5);
         assert!(matches!(recognize(&tri), Some(Recognized::Polygon { sides: 3, rotation, .. }) if rotation.abs() < 5.0), "{:?}", recognize(&tri));
@@ -220,6 +409,151 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(recognize(&line), Some(Recognized::Line { .. })));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn circles_and_real_polygons_keep_their_identity_across_stroke_seams() {
+        for (rx, ry) in [(50.0, 50.0), (80.0, 40.0), (50.0, 40.0)] {
+            let mut stroke = circle(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), rx, ry, 192);
+            stroke.pop();
+            for start in [0, 13, 37, 62, 109] {
+                stroke.rotate_left(start);
+                let mut closed = stroke.clone();
+                closed.push(stroke[0]);
+                assert!(matches!(recognize(&closed), Some(Recognized::Ellipse { .. })), "ellipse {rx}/{ry}, seam {start}: {:?}", recognize(&closed));
+                stroke.rotate_right(start);
+            }
+        }
+        for sides in [3, 5, 6, 8] {
+            let corners: Vec<Point> = (0..sides)
+                .map(|i| {
+                    let a = std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / sides as f64;
+                    Point::new(100.0 + 80.0 * a.cos(), 100.0 + 80.0 * a.sin())
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let mut stroke = wobbly(&corners, 24, 1.0);
+            stroke.pop();
+            for start in [0, 9, 17, 29, 45] {
+                stroke.rotate_left(start);
+                let mut closed = stroke.clone();
+                closed.push(stroke[0]);
+                assert!(
+                    matches!(recognize(&closed), Some(Recognized::Polygon { sides: n, .. }) if n == sides),
+                    "{sides} sides, seam {start}: {:?}",
+                    recognize(&closed)
+                );
+                stroke.rotate_right(start);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rough_triangles_snap_upright_or_upside_down() {
+        for direction in [0.0_f64, 180.0] {
+            for tilt in [-12.0_f64, -3.0, 4.0, 11.0] {
+                let corners: Vec<Point> = (0..3)
+                    .map(|i| {
+                        let a = (direction + tilt - 90.0).to_radians() + std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / 3.0;
+                        Point::new(200.0 + 80.0 * a.cos(), 300.0 + 80.0 * a.sin())
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                for reversed in [false, true] {
+                    let mut stroke = wobbly(&corners, 24, 1.5);
+                    stroke.pop();
+                    if reversed {
+                        stroke.reverse();
+                    }
+                    for seam in [0, 9, 28, 51] {
+                        stroke.rotate_left(seam);
+                        let mut closed = stroke.clone();
+                        closed.push(stroke[0]);
+                        let Some(Recognized::Polygon { sides: 3, rotation, .. }) = recognize(&closed) else {
+                            panic!("direction {direction}, tilt {tilt}, seam {seam}: {:?}", recognize(&closed));
+                        };
+                        assert_eq!(rotation, direction, "tilt {tilt}, seam {seam}, reversed {reversed}");
+                        stroke.rotate_right(seam);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn recognized_lines_keep_their_free_angle() {
+        for (dx, dy) in [(120.0, 7.0), (-130.0, -9.0), (8.0, 90.0), (-6.0, -140.0), (60.0, 50.0), (-50.0, -60.0)] {
+            let first = Point::new(200.0, 300.0);
+            let last = first + Vec2::new(dx, dy);
+            let stroke: Vec<Point> = (0..=30).map(|i| first + (last - first) * (i as f64 / 30.0)).collect();
+            assert_eq!(recognize(&stroke), Some(Recognized::Line { a: first, b: last }));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tilted_rectangles_ellipses_and_hexagons_snap_to_their_angle_steps() {
+        for direction in [0.0_f64, 45.0, 90.0, 135.0] {
+            for tilt in [-7.0_f64, 7.0] {
+                let xf = Affine::translate((200.0, 300.0)) * Affine::rotate((direction + tilt).to_radians());
+                let corners: Vec<Point> =
+                    [(-90.0, -40.0), (90.0, -40.0), (90.0, 40.0), (-90.0, 40.0)].into_iter().map(|p| xf * Point::from(p)).collect();
+                let stroke = wobbly(&corners, 24, 1.0);
+                let Some(Recognized::Rectangle { rect, rotation }) = recognize(&stroke) else {
+                    panic!("rectangle {direction}: {:?}", recognize(&stroke))
+                };
+                assert_eq!(rotation % 45.0, 0.0);
+                assert!(rect.center().distance(Point::new(200.0, 300.0)) < 4.0);
+                assert!((rect.width().max(rect.height()) - 180.0).abs() < 15.0);
+                let ellipse: Vec<Point> = circle(Point::ZERO, 90.0, 40.0, 192).into_iter().map(|p| xf * p).collect();
+                let Some(Recognized::Ellipse { rect, rotation }) = recognize(&ellipse) else {
+                    panic!("ellipse {direction}: {:?}", recognize(&ellipse))
+                };
+                assert_eq!(rotation, direction);
+                assert!((rect.width() - 180.0).abs() < 4.0 && (rect.height() - 80.0).abs() < 4.0);
+            }
+        }
+        for direction in [0.0_f64, 90.0] {
+            for tilt in [-7.0_f64, 7.0] {
+                let corners: Vec<Point> = (0..6)
+                    .map(|i| {
+                        let a = (direction + tilt - 90.0).to_radians() + std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / 6.0;
+                        Point::new(200.0 + 70.0 * a.cos(), 300.0 + 70.0 * a.sin())
+                    })
+                    .collect();
+                let stroke = wobbly(&corners, 24, 0.5);
+                let Some(Recognized::Polygon { sides: 6, rotation, .. }) = recognize(&stroke) else { panic!("hexagon: {:?}", recognize(&stroke)) };
+                assert_eq!(rotation, direction);
+            }
+        }
+        // Even sideways input can only produce an upright or inverted triangle.
+        for direction in [83.0_f64, 97.0, 263.0, 277.0] {
+            let corners: Vec<Point> = (0..3)
+                .map(|i| {
+                    let a = (direction - 90.0).to_radians() + std::f64::consts::TAU * i as f64 / 3.0;
+                    Point::new(200.0 + 70.0 * a.cos(), 300.0 + 70.0 * a.sin())
+                })
+                .collect();
+            assert!(matches!(recognize(&wobbly(&corners, 24, 0.5)), Some(Recognized::Polygon { sides: 3, rotation: 0.0 | 180.0, .. })));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn square_fit_ignores_sampling_density_and_document_offset() {
+        let mut stroke = wobbly(&[Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 8.0), Point::new(94.0, 100.0), Point::new(10.0, 91.0)], 24, 4.0);
+        for scale in [0.25, 1.0, 20.0] {
+            let shifted: Vec<Point> = stroke.iter().map(|p| Point::new(1e9 + p.x * scale, -1e9 + p.y * scale)).collect();
+            assert!(matches!(recognize(&shifted), Some(Recognized::Rectangle { .. })), "scale {scale}: {:?}", recognize(&shifted));
+        }
+        let dense: Vec<Point> = stroke.iter().enumerate().flat_map(|(i, p)| std::iter::repeat_n(*p, if i < 24 { 100 } else { 1 })).collect();
+        assert_eq!(recognize(&stroke), recognize(&dense));
+        stroke.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(*stroke.last().unwrap(), 10_000));
+        assert!(matches!(recognize(&stroke), Some(Recognized::Rectangle { .. })));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn non_finite_and_overflowing_strokes_are_not_shapes() {
+        for bad in [f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY, f64::NEG_INFINITY] {
+            assert_eq!(recognize(&[Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(bad, 100.0)]), None);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(recognize(&[Point::new(-f64::MAX, 0.0), Point::new(f64::MAX, 100.0)]), None);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn scribble_and_noise() {
         let z: Vec<Point> = (0..40).map(|i| Point::new(100.0 + (i % 2) as f64 * 60.0, 100.0 + i as f64 * 2.0)).collect();

crates/svg/src/css.rs

@@ -549,6 +549,10 @@ impl Rules<'_> {
         if let Some(l) = st.leading {
             art.props.push(("line-height", self.len(l)));
         }
+        // One element: the first paragraph's alignment.
+        if (1..t.paragraph_count()).any(|i| t.para_at(i).justify != t.para.justify) {
+            art.unsupported("paragraphs aligned differently");
+        }
         let align = match t.para.justify {
             Justify::Auto | Justify::Left => None,
             Justify::Center => Some("center"),

crates/svg/src/export.rs

@@ -1683,18 +1683,27 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
         }
         self.note_fonts(t, &lay);
         let lines = text_lines(t, &lay, self.opts.fewer_tspans);
-        // A tab starts a new chunk at its stop: only lines without tabs can be anchored.
-        let anchor = match t.para.justify {
-            Justify::Center => Some(("middle", 0.5)),
-            Justify::Right => Some(("end", 1.0)),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-        .filter(|_| !lines.iter().flatten().any(|s| s.brk));
+        // Each line is anchored as its paragraph is aligned. A tab starts a new chunk at its
+        // stop: lines with tabs are never anchored.
+        let anchors: Vec<Option<(&str, f64)>> = lines
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                match t.para_at(l.para).justify {
+                    Justify::Center => Some(("middle", 0.5)),
+                    Justify::Right => Some(("end", 1.0)),
+                    _ => None,
+                }
+                .filter(|_| !l.segs.iter().any(|s| s.brk))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        // Every line anchored alike (the text's only paragraph style, typically): the <text>
+        // carries the anchor. Otherwise each anchored line is a <tspan> carrying its own.
+        let uniform = anchors.first().copied().filter(|a| a.is_some() && anchors.iter().all(|b| b == a)).flatten();
         // The <text> element's user space is text space.
         let space = (lay.bounds, Affine::IDENTITY);
-        let base = TextBase { props: self.char_props(&t.first_style(), space), space, anchored: anchor.is_some() };
+        let base = TextBase { props: self.char_props(&t.first_style(), space), space, anchored: uniform.is_some() };
         let mut props = base.props.clone();
-        if let Some((a, _)) = anchor {
+        if let Some((a, _)) = uniform {
             props.push(("text-anchor", a.into()));
         }
         props.extend(css::transparency(n));
@@ -1702,7 +1711,7 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
         let a = self.attrs(&props);
         let m = self.xf * t.xf;
         let tr = if m == Affine::IDENTITY { String::new() } else { format!(" transform=\"{}\"", self.matrix(m)) };
-        let starts: Vec<Option<(f64, f64)>> = lines.iter().map(|l| line_start(l, anchor.map(|a| a.1))).collect();
+        let starts: Vec<Option<(f64, f64)>> = lines.iter().zip(&anchors).map(|(l, a)| line_start(&l.segs, a.map(|a| a.1))).collect();
         // The `<text>` carries the first line's position too, so readers that place text by its
         // own x/y start where the first line does.
         let at = match starts.iter().flatten().next() {
@@ -1710,9 +1719,17 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
             None => String::new(),
         };
         let mut s = format!("<text{id}{tr}{at} xml:space=\"preserve\"{a}>");
-        for (line, start) in lines.iter().zip(starts) {
-            if let Some(start) = start {
-                self.text_line(&mut s, t, line, start, &base);
+        for ((line, start), anchor) in lines.iter().zip(starts).zip(&anchors) {
+            let Some(start) = start else { continue };
+            match anchor.filter(|_| uniform.is_none()) {
+                // A line anchored on its own: one positioned <tspan> with the anchor around it.
+                Some((a, _)) => {
+                    s.push_str(&format!("<tspan x=\"{}\" y=\"{}\" text-anchor=\"{a}\">", self.num(start.0), self.num(start.1)));
+                    let inner = TextBase { anchored: true, ..base.clone() };
+                    self.text_line(&mut s, t, &line.segs, start, &inner, false);
+                    s.push_str("</tspan>");
+                }
+                None => self.text_line(&mut s, t, &line.segs, start, &base, true),
             }
         }
         s.push_str("</text>");
@@ -1723,12 +1740,13 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
     /// (only the first of an anchored line). Fewer tspans: one positioned `<tspan>` per line with
     /// the style changes nested in it, positioned again only after tabs and justified word spaces.
     /// Baseline shifts are relative (`dy`), undone by the next segment that isn't shifted.
-    fn text_line(&mut self, s: &mut String, t: &TextObject, line: &[Segment], start: (f64, f64), base: &TextBase) {
-        let fewer = self.opts.fewer_tspans;
+    /// `positioned`: false when the caller already positioned the line (an outer `<tspan>`).
+    fn text_line(&mut self, s: &mut String, t: &TextObject, line: &[Segment], start: (f64, f64), base: &TextBase, positioned: bool) {
+        let fewer = self.opts.fewer_tspans && positioned;
         if fewer {
             s.push_str(&format!("<tspan x=\"{}\" y=\"{}\">", self.num(start.0), self.num(start.1)));
         }
-        let mut place = !fewer;
+        let mut place = !fewer && positioned;
         let mut first = true;
         // The baseline shift the current text position carries.
         let mut shift = 0.0;
@@ -1746,7 +1764,7 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
                 shift = st.baseline_shift;
             }
             // After a tab or a justified word space the next segment is placed.
-            place = seg.brk || (!fewer && !base.anchored);
+            place = seg.brk || (!fewer && !base.anchored && positioned);
             if (st.h_scale - st.v_scale).abs() > 1e-9 {
                 attrs.push_str(&format!(" textLength=\"{}\" lengthAdjust=\"spacingAndGlyphs\"", self.num(seg.advance)));
             }
@@ -1848,7 +1866,7 @@ impl Writer<'_> {
         let space = (lay.bounds, self.xf * t.xf);
         let base = self.char_props(&t.first_style(), space);
         let mut props = base.clone();
-        match t.para.justify {
+        match t.para_at(0).justify {
             Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => props.push(("text-anchor", "middle".into())),
             Justify::Right | Justify::JustifyRight => props.push(("text-anchor", "end".into())),
             _ => {}
@@ -1917,6 +1935,7 @@ fn has_raster(effects: &[vectorcraft_doc::Effect]) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// What the lines of one `<text>` share.
+#[derive(Clone)]
 struct TextBase {
     /// The `<text>` element's character properties, which each `<tspan>` differs from.
     props: Props,
@@ -1926,6 +1945,12 @@ struct TextBase {
     anchored: bool,
 }
 
+/// One laid-out line: its paragraph (index) and its segments.
+struct Line {
+    para: usize,
+    segs: Vec<Segment>,
+}
+
 /// Characters of one style on one line, written as one `<tspan>`.
 struct Segment {
     /// Index into `TextObject::runs`.
@@ -1944,11 +1969,12 @@ struct Segment {
 /// on justified lines, after each word space (unless `fewer`). The text comes from the clusters
 /// the layout placed: soft hyphens draw nothing, a line broken by hyphenation ends in `-`, all
 /// caps are upper case.
-fn text_lines(t: &TextObject, lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout, fewer: bool) -> Vec<Vec<Segment>> {
+fn text_lines(t: &TextObject, lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout, fewer: bool) -> Vec<Line> {
     let plain = t.plain_text();
-    let split_words = !fewer && !matches!(t.para.justify, Justify::Auto | Justify::Left | Justify::Center | Justify::Right);
     let mut lines = Vec::with_capacity(lay.lines.len());
     for line in &lay.lines {
+        let para = plain.as_bytes().get(..line.start).map_or(0, |b| b.iter().filter(|&&c| c == b'\n').count());
+        let split_words = !fewer && !matches!(t.para_at(para).justify, Justify::Auto | Justify::Left | Justify::Center | Justify::Right);
         let mut segs: Vec<Segment> = Vec::new();
         let mut cluster = None;
         let source = |g: &vectorcraft_text::PositionedGlyph| if g.len == 0 { "-" } else { plain.get(g.byte..g.byte + g.len).unwrap_or("") };
@@ -1983,7 +2009,7 @@ fn text_lines(t: &TextObject, lay: &vectorcraft_text::TextLayout, fewer: bool) -
         }
         segs.retain(|s| !s.text.is_empty());
         if !segs.is_empty() {
-            lines.push(segs);
+            lines.push(Line { para, segs });
         }
     }
     lines

crates/svg/src/import/text.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use usvg::roxmltree;
 use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Dash, Justify, LineCap, LineJoin, ParaDirection, StrokeLayer, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Dash, Justify, LineCap, LineJoin, ParaDirection, ParaStyle, StrokeLayer, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun};
 use vectorcraft_geom::kurbo::ParamCurveArclen;
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, BezPath, PathData, Point, Rect};
 use vectorcraft_text::{FontDb, TextLayout};
@@ -556,11 +556,12 @@ impl Ctx {
             .collect();
         let under = stroke_under(&mut cells, label, warnings);
 
-        let anchor = match self.css.prop(cs.chars[0].1, "text-anchor").as_deref() {
+        let anchor_of = |i: usize| match cs.chars.get(i).and_then(|c| self.css.prop(c.1, "text-anchor")).as_deref() {
             Some("middle") => 0.5,
             Some("end") => 1.0,
             _ => 0.0,
         };
+        let anchor = anchor_of(0);
         let path = cs.path.and_then(|tp| match self.text_path(xml, tp) {
             Some(p) => Some((tp, p)),
             None => {
@@ -571,6 +572,7 @@ impl Ctx {
         let vertical = self.css.prop(t, "writing-mode").is_some_and(|m| m.starts_with("tb") || m.starts_with("vertical"));
         let mut obj = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "", CharStyle::default());
         let mut breaks: Vec<Break> = vec![];
+        let mut para_styles: Vec<ParaStyle> = vec![];
         if let Some((tp, bp)) = path {
             // Along the path: dx is extra advance, dy shifts off the path.
             let mut off = 0.0;
@@ -610,18 +612,38 @@ impl Ctx {
             obj.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
         } else {
             let origin = Point::new(x[0].unwrap_or(0.0) + dx[0], y[0].unwrap_or(0.0) + dy[0]);
-            let (justify, left) = lines(&mut cells, &x, &y, &dx, &dy, anchor, origin.x, &mut breaks);
+            let (justify, left, starts) = lines(&mut cells, &x, &y, &dx, &dy, anchor, origin.x, &mut breaks);
             obj.para.justify = justify;
             obj.xf = Affine::translate((finite(left), finite(origin.y)));
+            // Lines anchored differently (paragraphs aligned differently): each line's paragraph
+            // takes its alignment, and indents that put it where it was.
+            if let Some(starts) = starts.filter(|st| st.iter().any(|(i, _)| anchor_of(*i) != anchor)) {
+                for (k, &(i, ax)) in starts.iter().enumerate() {
+                    let a = anchor_of(i);
+                    let d = finite(ax - left);
+                    let mut pa = ParaStyle { justify: justify_of(a), ..ParaStyle::default() };
+                    match pa.justify {
+                        Justify::Center if d >= 0.0 => pa.left_indent = 2.0 * d,
+                        Justify::Center => pa.right_indent = -2.0 * d,
+                        Justify::Right => pa.right_indent = -d,
+                        _ => pa.left_indent = d,
+                    }
+                    let count = if k == 0 { 1 } else { breaks.get(k - 1).map_or(1, |b| b.count) };
+                    para_styles.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(pa, count));
+                }
+            }
         }
         let (runs, servers) = assemble(&cells, &breaks).0;
         obj.runs = runs;
+        if !para_styles.is_empty() {
+            obj.set_paragraph_styles(para_styles);
+        }
         // SVG text runs left to right unless `direction: rtl` says otherwise, whatever its first
-        // strong character: pinned when that would read as right to left.
+        // strong character: pinned (on every paragraph) when that would read as right to left.
         if self.css.prop(t, "direction").is_some_and(|d| d.trim() == "rtl") {
-            obj.para.direction = Some(ParaDirection::RightToLeft);
+            obj.edit_paras(None, |pa| pa.direction = Some(ParaDirection::RightToLeft));
         } else if obj.plain_text().split('\n').any(|p| vectorcraft_text::paragraph_is_rtl(p, None)) {
-            obj.para.direction = Some(ParaDirection::LeftToRight);
+            obj.edit_paras(None, |pa| pa.direction = Some(ParaDirection::LeftToRight));
         }
         // The placeholder covers the text (laid out when a paint server needs its bounding box).
         let b = if paints.is_empty() { obj.bounds() } else { Some(obj.xf.transform_rect_bbox(measure(&obj).bounds)) }.unwrap_or_default();
@@ -708,8 +730,18 @@ fn finite(v: f64) -> f64 {
     if v.is_finite() { v } else { 0.0 }
 }
 
+/// The alignment of an SVG text chunk anchored at `anchor` (0 start, 0.5 middle, 1 end).
+fn justify_of(anchor: f64) -> Justify {
+    match anchor {
+        a if a >= 1.0 => Justify::Right,
+        a if a > 0.0 => Justify::Center,
+        _ => Justify::Left,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Point type: line breaks, baseline shifts and kerning from the positioning lists. Returns the
-/// justification and the x of the first line's left (or anchor) edge.
+/// justification, the x of the first line's left (or anchor) edge and, when no character is
+/// placed on its own, each line's first character and anchor x.
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn lines(
     cells: &mut [Cell],
@@ -720,7 +752,7 @@ fn lines(
     anchor: f64,
     x0: f64,
     breaks: &mut Vec<Break>,
-) -> (Justify, f64) {
+) -> (Justify, f64, Option<Vec<(usize, f64)>>) {
     let n = cells.len();
     let y0 = y[0].unwrap_or(0.0) + dy[0];
     let (mut base, mut cur) = (y0, y0);
@@ -758,12 +790,7 @@ fn lines(
         }
     }
     if targets.is_empty() {
-        let justify = match anchor {
-            a if a >= 1.0 => Justify::Right,
-            a if a > 0.0 => Justify::Center,
-            _ => Justify::Left,
-        };
-        return (justify, x0);
+        return (justify_of(anchor), x0, Some(lines));
     }
     // Absolutely placed characters: lay the text out left-aligned and kern each one onto its x.
     // SVG anchors every absolutely placed chunk on its own, so with a middle/end anchor each
@@ -819,7 +846,7 @@ fn lines(
             break;
         }
     }
-    (Justify::Left, left)
+    (Justify::Left, left, None)
 }
 
 /// A left-aligned point text of `runs` at the origin (for measuring).

crates/svg/tests/text_layout.rs

@@ -200,3 +200,37 @@ fn a_viewer_draws_the_text_where_the_canvas_does() {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn paragraphs_aligned_differently_keep_their_alignment() {
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::new(20.0, 20.0), "Left words here\nCentred line\nRight line", style(14.0));
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 160.0)) };
+    let para = |j| vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle { justify: j, ..Default::default() };
+    t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![para(Justify::Left), para(Justify::Center), para(Justify::Right)]);
+    let mut d = Document::new(300.0, 200.0);
+    let n = Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)));
+    let l = d.layers[0].id;
+    d.insert(Some(l), 0, n).unwrap();
+    for fewer_tspans in [false, true] {
+        let svg = export(&d, &ExportOptions { fewer_tspans, ..Default::default() });
+        // Each anchored line carries its own anchor (the <text> has none).
+        assert!(svg.contains("text-anchor=\"middle\"") && svg.contains("text-anchor=\"end\""), "{svg}");
+        assert!(!svg.contains("<text text-anchor"), "{svg}");
+        // A viewer draws each line where the canvas does.
+        let mut viewer = Document::new(300.0, 200.0);
+        let vl = viewer.layers[0].id;
+        for bp in viewer_outlines(&svg) {
+            let ap = vectorcraft_doc::Appearance::basic(Paint::solid(Color::BLACK), Paint::None, 0.0);
+            let n = Node::path(viewer.alloc_id(), PathData::from_bezpath(&bp), ap);
+            viewer.insert(Some(vl), usize::MAX, n).unwrap();
+        }
+        assert_similar(&render_artboard(&d), &render_artboard(&viewer), 40.0, 0.01);
+        // Read back: one paragraph per line, each with its alignment, drawn where it was.
+        let back = vectorcraft_svg::import(&svg).unwrap();
+        let text =
+            back.layers[0].children().unwrap().iter().find_map(|n| if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind { Some(t.clone()) } else { None }).unwrap();
+        let js: Vec<Justify> = text.paragraph_styles().iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect();
+        assert_eq!(js, [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Right], "{svg}");
+        assert_similar(&render_artboard(&d), &render_artboard(&back), 40.0, 0.01);
+    }
+}

crates/testkit/src/fixtures.rs

@@ -123,6 +123,21 @@ pub fn rich_session() -> Session {
     ));
     select(&mut s, &[area]);
     exec(&mut s, "text.areaOptions", json!({"verticalAlign": "center", "inset": 2}));
+    let _ = id_of(&exec(
+        &mut s,
+        "text.create",
+        json!({"x": 300, "y": 330, "size": 14, "text": "Area type shrinks its text to fit the frame.",
+               "area": {"width": 150, "height": 40, "fit": "shrinkText", "fitMinPercent": 40}}),
+    ));
+    // Area type whose paragraphs differ (alignment, spacing, tabs).
+    let para = id_of(&exec(
+        &mut s,
+        "text.create",
+        json!({"x": 20, "y": 360, "text": "Heading\nBody one\tx\nBody two", "size": 9, "area": {"width": 160, "height": 36}}),
+    ));
+    exec(&mut s, "text.setStyle", json!({"id": para, "justify": "center", "start": 0, "end": 0}));
+    exec(&mut s, "text.setFormat", json!({"ids": [para], "spaceBefore": 3, "firstLineIndent": 6, "start": 9, "end": 9}));
+    exec(&mut s, "text.tabs.set", json!({"ids": [para], "stops": [{"position": 80, "align": "right"}], "start": 9, "end": 9}));
     exec(&mut s, "layer.new", json!({"name": "Top"}));
     let d = rect(&mut s, 350.0, 200.0, 80.0, 80.0);
     let e = ellipse(&mut s, 380.0, 230.0, 80.0, 80.0);

crates/text/src/layout.rs

@@ -128,14 +128,88 @@ pub fn layout(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject) -> TextLayout {
         first_baseline: a.first_baseline,
         first_baseline_min: a.first_baseline_min,
         vertical_align: a.vertical_align,
+        fit: a.fit,
         ..LayoutOptions::default()
     };
     layout_with(db, t, &opts)
 }
 
+/// Most layout passes Shrink Text to Fit runs past the first (bisection plus the final pass).
+const SHRINK_PASSES: usize = 11;
+
 /// Lay out a text object with explicit options (area type rows/columns, inset, first baseline,
-/// composer, OpenType features).
+/// fit, composer, OpenType features).
 pub fn layout_with(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLayout {
+    let first = layout_once(db, t, opts);
+    match (opts.fit.min_scale(), &t.kind) {
+        (Some(min), TextKind::Area { .. }) if first.overflow => shrink_to_fit(db, t, opts, min).unwrap_or(first),
+        _ => first,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Shrink Text to Fit for text that overflows at full size: the largest scale in `min..1` at which
+/// it fits, searched by bisection over the first run's size in steps of 0.1 pt (so its scaled size
+/// is a whole number of tenths of a point, the same every time). Down at `min` it lays out there,
+/// still overflowing. None (keep the full-size layout) when the text has no usable size.
+fn shrink_to_fit(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions, min: f64) -> Option<TextLayout> {
+    let size = t.runs.first().map(|r| r.style.size).filter(|s| s.is_finite() && *s >= 0.1)?;
+    if !(min.is_finite() && min < 1.0) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let tenths = size * 10.0;
+    // Candidate sizes k/10 pt for k in lo..hi: `hi` (full size, rounded down) is known to overflow
+    // unless it is below the full size; `lo` is the smallest allowed.
+    let mut lo = (tenths * min).ceil().max(1.0);
+    let mut hi = tenths.floor();
+    if hi < lo {
+        hi = lo;
+    }
+    let at = |k: f64| -> TextLayout {
+        let f = (k / tenths).clamp(min, 1.0);
+        let mut l = layout_once(db, &scaled(t, f), opts);
+        l.fit_scale = f;
+        l
+    };
+    let mut passes = 0;
+    let mut best: Option<TextLayout> = None;
+    // `hi` itself may fit when the size isn't a whole number of tenths.
+    if hi < tenths && hi > lo {
+        let l = at(hi);
+        passes += 1;
+        if !l.overflow {
+            return Some(l);
+        }
+    }
+    // Invariant: everything at `hi` or above overflows; `lo` fits or is the floor.
+    while hi - lo > 1.0 && passes + 1 < SHRINK_PASSES {
+        let mid = ((lo + hi) * 0.5).floor();
+        let l = at(mid);
+        passes += 1;
+        if l.overflow {
+            hi = mid;
+        } else {
+            lo = mid;
+            best = Some(l);
+        }
+    }
+    // `best` is the layout at `lo` once `lo` has moved; at the floor it still needs laying out.
+    Some(best.unwrap_or_else(|| at(lo)))
+}
+
+/// `t` with every run's size, explicit leading and baseline shift scaled by `f` (auto leading
+/// follows the size; paragraph spacing stays).
+fn scaled(t: &TextObject, f: f64) -> TextObject {
+    let mut s = t.clone();
+    for r in &mut s.runs {
+        r.style.size *= f;
+        r.style.leading = r.style.leading.map(|l| l * f);
+        r.style.baseline_shift *= f;
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+/// One layout pass, without fitting.
+fn layout_once(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLayout {
     let text = t.plain_text();
     let mut runs = Vec::with_capacity(t.runs.len());
     let mut off = 0;
@@ -176,7 +250,7 @@ pub fn layout_with(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLay
         _ => QUARTER_TURN,
     };
     match &t.kind {
-        TextKind::Point => flow(&mut cx, &paras, &t.para, None),
+        TextKind::Point => flow(&mut cx, &paras, t, None),
         TextKind::Area { frame } => {
             let to_lines = line_xf.inverse();
             let wrap: Vec<vectorcraft_doc::WrapShape> = if vertical {
@@ -186,9 +260,9 @@ pub fn layout_with(db: &FontDb, t: &TextObject, opts: &LayoutOptions) -> TextLay
             };
             let mut regions = Region::cells(&(to_lines * frame.to_bezpath()), opts, &wrap);
             cx.out.frames = regions.iter().map(|r| line_xf.transform_rect_bbox(r.cell)).collect();
-            flow(&mut cx, &paras, &t.para, Some(&regions));
+            flow(&mut cx, &paras, t, Some(&regions));
             if opts.vertical_align != VerticalAlign::Top {
-                align_vertically(&mut cx, &paras, &t.para, &mut regions);
+                align_vertically(&mut cx, &paras, t, &mut regions);
             }
         }
         TextKind::OnPath { path, .. } => on_path(&mut cx, &paras, t, path),
@@ -452,7 +526,7 @@ fn cell_space(out: &TextLayout, regions: &[Region]) -> Vec<Option<(f64, f64, usi
 /// Other frames give lines different widths at different heights, so the text flows again with
 /// each cell's lines started lower (or spaced wider) until it settles, at most eight passes; a
 /// pass that would push text out of the frame is undone and retried with half the step.
-fn align_vertically(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle, regions: &mut [Region]) {
+fn align_vertically(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject, regions: &mut [Region]) {
     let align = cx.opts.vertical_align;
     let plain = regions.iter().all(|r| (r.rect || r.polys.is_empty()) && r.wraps.is_empty());
     if plain {
@@ -522,7 +596,7 @@ fn align_vertically(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle,
         }
         let before = laid_out(&cx.out);
         let prev = (std::mem::take(&mut cx.out.glyphs), std::mem::take(&mut cx.out.lines), std::mem::replace(&mut cx.out.overflow, false));
-        flow(cx, paras, para, Some(regions));
+        flow(cx, paras, t, Some(regions));
         if laid_out(&cx.out) < before {
             // Text no longer fits (lines got narrower, or flow around a wrap object): undo the
             // pass and try a smaller step.
@@ -1217,7 +1291,9 @@ fn compose_para(cx: &Ctx<'_>, sg: &[SGlyph], para: &ParaStyle, pen: &Pen<'_>, rt
     compose(sg, &width, &start_credit, &cands, &params(strict)).or_else(|| compose(sg, &width, &start_credit, &cands, &params(loose)))
 }
 
-fn flow(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle, regions: Option<&[Region]>) {
+/// Flow paragraphs `paras` (byte ranges) of `t`, each with its own paragraph attributes
+/// (alignment, indents, spacing, direction, mojikumi, leading model…).
+fn flow(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject, regions: Option<&[Region]>) {
     let mut pen = Pen {
         regions,
         ri: 0,
@@ -1226,10 +1302,14 @@ fn flow(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], para: &ParaStyle, regions: Opt
         fb: cx.opts.first_baseline,
         fb_min: cx.opts.first_baseline_min,
         queued: vec![],
-        model: para.leading_model,
+        model: t.para_at(0).leading_model,
         next_top: None,
     };
     'paras: for (pi, pr) in paras.iter().enumerate() {
+        let para = t.para_at(pi);
+        // The leading model is a paragraph attribute: this paragraph's lines (and the space to
+        // its first line) follow its own.
+        pen.model = para.leading_model;
         let text = cx.text;
         let bidi = para_bidi(text.get(pr.clone()).unwrap_or_default(), para.direction);
         let rtl = is_rtl(bidi.as_ref());
@@ -1494,7 +1574,8 @@ fn path_steps(ap: &ArcPath, glyphs: &[SGlyph], from: f64, spacing: f64) -> Vec<f
 /// Lay type on a path out along `path` (text space), between its brackets.
 fn on_path(cx: &mut Ctx<'_>, paras: &[Range<usize>], t: &TextObject, path: &PathData) {
     cx.out.on_path = true;
-    let para = &t.para;
+    // Type on a path is one line: the first paragraph's attributes align it.
+    let para = t.para_at(0);
     let mut sg = Vec::new();
     // The first paragraph's direction aligns the line (Auto) and sets the caret's.
     let mut rtl = None;

crates/text/src/lib.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use kurbo::{Affine, BezPath, Point, Rect, Vec2};
 pub use layout::{layout, layout_with};
 pub use vectorcraft_doc::TextObject;
 
-pub use vectorcraft_doc::{FirstBaseline, VerticalAlign};
+pub use vectorcraft_doc::{AreaFit, FirstBaseline, VerticalAlign};
 
 /// Paragraph composer; stored per text object in [`vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle::composer`].
 pub use vectorcraft_doc::Composer;
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ pub struct LayoutOptions {
     pub first_baseline_min: f64,
     /// Vertical alignment of the lines in each row/column (Area Type Options "Align").
     pub vertical_align: VerticalAlign,
+    /// Area type only: Shrink Text to Fit scales overflowing text down at layout time (see
+    /// [`TextLayout::fit_scale`]); the other fits are the engine's business and lay out as `None`.
+    pub fit: AreaFit,
     /// Overrides the object's paragraph composer (`None` = use `ParaStyle::composer`).
     pub composer: Option<Composer>,
     pub features: OtFeatures,
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@ impl Default for LayoutOptions {
             first_baseline: FirstBaseline::Ascent,
             first_baseline_min: 0.0,
             vertical_align: VerticalAlign::Top,
+            fit: AreaFit::None,
             composer: None,
             features: OtFeatures::default(),
         }
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ pub struct LineInfo {
     pub region: usize,
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct TextLayout {
     /// Lines retain inline/block coordinates; glyph geometry is in physical text space.
     pub vertical: bool,
@@ -149,6 +153,25 @@ pub struct TextLayout {
     pub on_path: bool,
     /// Area type: the frame cells text flowed into (one per row/column).
     pub frames: Vec<Rect>,
+    /// Shrink Text to Fit: the factor the text's sizes, leading and baseline shifts were scaled
+    /// by to fit its frame (1.0 when the text is not shrunk).
+    pub fit_scale: f64,
+}
+
+impl Default for TextLayout {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            vertical: false,
+            line_xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
+            glyphs: Vec::new(),
+            lines: Vec::new(),
+            bounds: Rect::ZERO,
+            overflow: false,
+            on_path: false,
+            frames: Vec::new(),
+            fit_scale: 1.0,
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl TextLayout {
@@ -450,6 +473,8 @@ mod tests_bidi;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_embed;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_fit;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_scripts;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_snap;

crates/text/src/tests.rs

@@ -209,6 +209,27 @@ fn indents_and_paragraph_spacing() {
     assert!((l.lines[1].baseline - l.lines[0].baseline - 18.0).abs() < 1e-9);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn each_paragraph_has_its_own_attributes() {
+    let frame = Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 400.0);
+    let mut t = area("left\ncentred\nright", style(10.0), frame, Justify::Left);
+    let centred = vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle { justify: Justify::Center, space_before: 20.0, ..Default::default() };
+    let right = vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle { justify: Justify::Right, left_indent: 7.0, ..Default::default() };
+    t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![t.para.clone(), centred, right]);
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert_eq!(l.lines.len(), 3);
+    assert!(l.lines[0].x0.abs() < 1e-9, "the first paragraph stays left");
+    let mid = (l.lines[1].x0 + l.lines[1].x1) / 2.0;
+    assert!((mid - 100.0).abs() < 1e-6, "the second is centred: {mid}");
+    assert!((l.lines[2].x1 - 200.0).abs() < 1e-6, "the third is right-aligned");
+    // Space before applies to the second paragraph only (leading 12 + 20).
+    assert!((l.lines[1].baseline - l.lines[0].baseline - 32.0).abs() < 1e-9);
+    assert!((l.lines[2].baseline - l.lines[1].baseline - 12.0).abs() < 1e-9);
+    // Paragraph 0's style is `para` (what readers that predate per-paragraph styles see).
+    assert_eq!(t.paras.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(t.para_at(0), &t.para);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn non_rect_frame_narrows_lines() {
     // Triangle pointing up: lines get wider towards the bottom.
@@ -558,6 +579,46 @@ fn em_box_top_leading_hangs_lines_from_the_line_above() {
     );
 }
 
+/// The leading model is a paragraph attribute: in "大 / 小 / 大 / 小" (40 pt over 20 pt) with
+/// only the second paragraph top-to-top, its line hangs from the big line's em box (the big
+/// line's leading, below it) while the fourth, baseline to baseline, takes its own leading above
+/// it; in area type a top-to-top first paragraph puts its em box on the frame's top.
+#[test]
+fn leading_model_is_per_paragraph() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{LeadingModel, ParaStyle, TextRun};
+    let st = |size: f64| CharStyle { size, leading: Some(size * 1.5), ..style(size) };
+    let model = |m: LeadingModel| ParaStyle { leading_model: m, ..ParaStyle::default() };
+    let top = |size: f64| 0.88 * size;
+    let mut t = point("", st(40.0));
+    t.runs = vec![
+        TextRun { text: "大\n".into(), style: st(40.0) },
+        TextRun { text: "小\n".into(), style: st(20.0) },
+        TextRun { text: "大\n".into(), style: st(40.0) },
+        TextRun { text: "小".into(), style: st(20.0) },
+    ];
+    t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![
+        model(LeadingModel::RomanBaseline),
+        model(LeadingModel::EmBoxTop),
+        model(LeadingModel::RomanBaseline),
+        model(LeadingModel::RomanBaseline),
+    ]);
+    assert_eq!(t.paras.len(), 4);
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    let gap = |i: usize| l.lines[i].baseline - l.lines[i - 1].baseline;
+    let em = -top(40.0) + 60.0 + top(20.0);
+    assert!((gap(1) - em).abs() < 0.01, "top to top: {} vs {em}", gap(1));
+    assert!((gap(3) - 30.0).abs() < 0.01, "baseline to baseline: {}", gap(3));
+    // Area type: only a top-to-top first paragraph moves the first line up to the frame's top.
+    let mut a = area("一\n二", st(20.0), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 300.0, 300.0), Justify::Left);
+    a.set_paragraph_styles(vec![model(LeadingModel::RomanBaseline), model(LeadingModel::EmBoxTop)]);
+    let roman_first = layout(db(), &a).lines[0].baseline;
+    a.set_paragraph_styles(vec![model(LeadingModel::EmBoxTop), model(LeadingModel::RomanBaseline)]);
+    let em_first = layout(db(), &a);
+    assert!((em_first.lines[0].baseline - top(20.0)).abs() < 0.01, "{}", em_first.lines[0].baseline);
+    assert!((roman_first - em_first.lines[0].baseline).abs() > 0.5);
+    assert!((em_first.lines[1].baseline - em_first.lines[0].baseline - 30.0).abs() < 0.01);
+}
+
 /// Character Alignment: a 20 pt character next to a 40 pt one lines its em box top, centre or
 /// bottom up with the big one's (the em box from 0.12 em below the baseline to 0.88 em above it,
 /// in fonts without vertical metrics), or stays on the baseline; in vertical type the same across

crates/text/src/tests_bidi.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@ fn text_layout(s: &str) -> TextLayout {
 
 fn arabic_test_face(test: &str) -> Option<Arc<FontFace>> {
     let db = FontDb::global();
+    // OpenType (GSUB) shaping only: AAT fonts such as macOS's Geeza Pro shape with `morx`, which
+    // takes no context from outside the run, so their joining across a style boundary differs.
+    let opentype = |face: &FontFace| {
+        use skrifa::raw::TableProvider;
+        face.skrifa().is_some_and(|f| f.gsub().is_ok())
+    };
     let face = ["Geeza Pro", "Arial", "Noto Sans Arabic"]
         .into_iter()
         .filter_map(|name| db.face(name, "Regular"))
-        .find(|face| face.covers('ب') && face.covers('ل') && face.covers('ا'));
+        .find(|face| face.covers('ب') && face.covers('ل') && face.covers('ا') && opentype(face));
     if let Some(face) = &face {
         let path = face.path().map_or_else(|| "bundled font".to_string(), |p| p.display().to_string());
         eprintln!("ASSERTIONS RUN: {test}; Arabic font {} {} ({path})", face.family, face.style);
@@ -312,3 +318,27 @@ fn visual_text_comes_back_in_logical_order() {
         assert_eq!(shown, visual);
     }
 }
+
+/// Paragraph Direction is a paragraph attribute: in one text object a right-to-left paragraph
+/// reads and aligns (Auto) right to left while the next, left to right, starts on the left.
+#[test]
+fn paragraph_direction_is_per_paragraph() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{Justify, ParaDirection, ParaStyle};
+    let s = "Hello.\nHello.";
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, s, CharStyle::default());
+    let dir = |direction| ParaStyle { justify: Justify::Auto, direction, ..ParaStyle::default() };
+    t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![dir(Some(ParaDirection::RightToLeft)), dir(Some(ParaDirection::LeftToRight))]);
+    assert_eq!(t.paras.len(), 2, "stored per paragraph");
+    let l = layout(FontDb::global(), &t);
+    assert_eq!(l.lines.len(), 2);
+    let shown = |line: &crate::LineInfo| -> String {
+        let mut gs: Vec<_> = l.glyphs.iter().filter(|g| g.byte >= line.start && g.byte < line.end).collect();
+        gs.sort_by(|a, b| a.origin.x.total_cmp(&b.origin.x));
+        gs.iter().filter_map(|g| s.get(g.byte..)?.chars().next()).filter(|c| *c != '\n').collect()
+    };
+    assert!(l.lines[0].rtl && !l.lines[1].rtl);
+    assert_eq!(shown(&l.lines[0]), ".Hello", "the first paragraph runs right to left");
+    assert_eq!(shown(&l.lines[1]), "Hello.", "the second runs left to right");
+    assert!(l.lines[0].x1.abs() < 1e-6, "Auto aligns the right-to-left paragraph right: {}", l.lines[0].x1);
+    assert!(l.lines[1].x0.abs() < 1e-6, "…and the left-to-right one left: {}", l.lines[1].x0);
+}

crates/text/src/tests_fit.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+//! Area type fitting: Shrink Text to Fit.
+
+use super::*;
+use kurbo::Shape;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{AreaFit, CharStyle, TextKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::PathData;
+
+const COPY: &str = "Typography is the craft of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. \
+The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line spacing and letter spacing, and adjusting the space \
+between pairs of letters.";
+
+fn db() -> &'static FontDb {
+    FontDb::global()
+}
+
+fn area(text: &str, size: f64, frame: Rect, fit: AreaFit) -> TextObject {
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, text, CharStyle { size, ..CharStyle::default() });
+    t.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: PathData::from_bezpath(&frame.to_path(0.1)) };
+    t.xf = Affine::IDENTITY;
+    t.area.fit = fit;
+    t
+}
+
+fn shrink(min_percent: f64) -> AreaFit {
+    AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent }
+}
+
+/// `t` laid out without fitting at `size` (every run).
+fn at_size(t: &TextObject, size: f64) -> TextLayout {
+    let mut p = t.clone();
+    p.area.fit = AreaFit::None;
+    for r in &mut p.runs {
+        r.style.size = size;
+    }
+    layout(db(), &p)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_makes_overflowing_text_fit() {
+    let t = area(COPY, 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 90.0), shrink(30.0));
+    assert!(at_size(&t, 14.0).overflow, "the text overflows at full size");
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(!l.overflow, "shrunk to fit");
+    assert!(l.fit_scale < 1.0 && l.fit_scale >= 0.3, "{}", l.fit_scale);
+    assert!(l.glyphs.len() > 100);
+    // The first run's scaled size is a whole number of tenths of a point.
+    let size = 14.0 * l.fit_scale;
+    assert!((size * 10.0 - (size * 10.0).round()).abs() < 1e-6, "{size}");
+    // Maximal: a tenth of a point larger overflows; and the layout is the one at that size.
+    assert!(at_size(&t, size + 0.1).overflow, "{size} + 0.1 pt still fits");
+    let same = at_size(&t, size);
+    assert_eq!((same.lines.len(), same.glyphs.len(), same.overflow), (l.lines.len(), l.glyphs.len(), false));
+    // Deterministic.
+    assert_eq!(layout(db(), &t).fit_scale, l.fit_scale);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_respects_its_minimum() {
+    let t = area(COPY, 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0), shrink(90.0));
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(l.overflow, "still overflows at 90 %");
+    assert!((l.fit_scale - 0.9).abs() < 1e-9, "{}", l.fit_scale);
+    // Out-of-range minimums are clamped (10 %).
+    let l = layout(db(), &area(COPY, 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 120.0, 40.0), shrink(0.0)));
+    assert!(l.fit_scale >= 0.1 - 1e-9, "{}", l.fit_scale);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_is_a_no_op_when_the_text_fits() {
+    let t = area("Short text", 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 90.0), shrink(50.0));
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    let plain = at_size(&t, 14.0);
+    assert!(!l.overflow);
+    assert_eq!(l.fit_scale, 1.0);
+    let o = |l: &TextLayout| l.glyphs.iter().map(|g| g.origin).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(o(&l), o(&plain));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_fills_columns() {
+    let mut t = area(COPY, 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 300.0, 70.0), shrink(20.0));
+    t.area.columns = 2;
+    t.area.gutter = 12.0;
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(!l.overflow);
+    assert!(l.fit_scale < 1.0);
+    assert_eq!(l.frames.len(), 2);
+    let second = l.frames[1];
+    assert!(l.glyphs.iter().any(|g| g.origin.x >= second.x0), "text flows into the second column");
+    let size = 14.0 * l.fit_scale;
+    assert!(at_size(&t, size + 0.1).overflow, "maximal across columns too");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_scales_leading_and_baseline_shift_not_paragraph_spacing() {
+    let mut t = area(&COPY.repeat(2), 12.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 200.0), shrink(10.0));
+    for r in &mut t.runs {
+        r.style.leading = Some(20.0);
+    }
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(!l.overflow && l.fit_scale < 1.0);
+    let gap = l.lines[2].baseline - l.lines[1].baseline;
+    assert!((gap - 20.0 * l.fit_scale).abs() < 1e-6, "{gap} vs {}", 20.0 * l.fit_scale);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn point_type_and_type_on_a_path_ignore_fit() {
+    let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, COPY, CharStyle::default());
+    t.area.fit = shrink(10.0);
+    assert_eq!(layout(db(), &t).fit_scale, 1.0);
+    t.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: PathData::from_bezpath(&kurbo::Line::new((0.0, 0.0), (50.0, 0.0)).to_path(0.1)), start: 0.0, end: None };
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(l.overflow, "text runs past the path end");
+    assert_eq!(l.fit_scale, 1.0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_guards_degenerate_sizes() {
+    for size in [0.0, 0.01, f64::NAN, 1296.0] {
+        let l = layout(db(), &area(COPY, size, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 50.0, 20.0), shrink(10.0)));
+        assert!(l.fit_scale.is_finite() && l.fit_scale > 0.0 && l.fit_scale <= 1.0, "{size}: {}", l.fit_scale);
+    }
+    // A zero-height frame.
+    let l = layout(db(), &area(COPY, 12.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 50.0, 0.0), shrink(10.0)));
+    assert!(l.overflow);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shrink_text_follows_top_to_top_leading_and_character_alignment() {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{CharAlign, LeadingModel, TextRun};
+    // Mixed sizes aligned on the em box centre, leading measured from em box top to top.
+    let mut t = area(COPY, 14.0, Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 200.0, 90.0), shrink(20.0));
+    t.para.leading_model = LeadingModel::EmBoxTop;
+    let big = CharStyle { size: 28.0, leading: Some(32.0), char_align: CharAlign::EmBoxCenter, ..CharStyle::default() };
+    t.runs.insert(0, TextRun { text: "Big ".into(), style: big });
+    for r in &mut t.runs {
+        r.style.char_align = CharAlign::EmBoxCenter;
+    }
+    let l = layout(db(), &t);
+    assert!(!l.overflow, "shrunk to fit under the top-to-top model");
+    assert!(l.fit_scale < 1.0);
+    // The shrunk layout is the same text laid out at the scaled sizes and leading.
+    let mut manual = t.clone();
+    manual.area.fit = AreaFit::None;
+    for r in &mut manual.runs {
+        r.style.size *= l.fit_scale;
+        r.style.leading = r.style.leading.map(|v| v * l.fit_scale);
+    }
+    let m = layout(db(), &manual);
+    let o = |l: &TextLayout| l.glyphs.iter().map(|g| (g.origin.x, g.origin.y)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert_eq!(o(&l), o(&m));
+    // First line still touches the frame top (top-to-top: em box top at y = 0, scaled).
+    let first = l.lines.first().map(|li| li.baseline).unwrap_or(0.0);
+    assert!(first > 0.0 && first <= 28.0 * l.fit_scale + 1e-6, "{first}");
+    // Maximal: the next 0.1 pt step of the first run overflows.
+    let step = 0.1 / 28.0;
+    let mut bigger = manual.clone();
+    for (r, orig) in bigger.runs.iter_mut().zip(&t.runs) {
+        r.style.size = orig.style.size * (l.fit_scale + step);
+        r.style.leading = orig.style.leading.map(|v| v * (l.fit_scale + step));
+    }
+    assert!(layout(db(), &bigger).overflow);
+}

crates/text/src/thread.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //! testing need nothing special; after an edit the engine joins the slices and re-distributes them
 //! with [`distribute`].
 
-use vectorcraft_doc::{TextObject, TextRun};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{ParaStyle, TextObject, TextRun};
 
 use crate::edit::{normalize, runs_len, slice_runs, style_at};
 use crate::{FontDb, layout};
@@ -16,6 +16,36 @@ pub fn story(frames: &[&TextObject]) -> Vec<TextRun> {
     runs
 }
 
+/// The story's paragraph styles, one per story paragraph. A frame whose slice ends inside a
+/// paragraph shares that paragraph with the next frame (its first one): the earlier frame's style
+/// wins unless `later_wins[k]` says frame `k`'s first paragraph should (it was just restyled), or
+/// the earlier frame's part of the paragraph is empty (its slice ends with a paragraph break).
+pub fn story_paras(frames: &[&TextObject], later_wins: &[bool]) -> Vec<ParaStyle> {
+    let mut out: Vec<ParaStyle> = vec![];
+    let mut prev_empty_tail = true;
+    for (k, f) in frames.iter().enumerate() {
+        let mut styles = f.paragraph_styles().into_iter();
+        if k > 0
+            && let Some(first) = styles.next()
+            && (prev_empty_tail || later_wins.get(k).copied().unwrap_or(false))
+            && let Some(last) = out.last_mut()
+        {
+            *last = first;
+        }
+        out.extend(styles);
+        let text = f.plain_text();
+        prev_empty_tail = text.is_empty() || text.ends_with('\n') || out.is_empty();
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Paragraph styles of the slice `runs` of a story starting at story paragraph `first`.
+fn slice_paras(paras: &[ParaStyle], first: usize, runs: &[TextRun]) -> Vec<ParaStyle> {
+    let n = 1 + runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count()).sum::<usize>();
+    let fallback = paras.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+    (first..first + n).map(|i| paras.get(i).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| fallback.clone())).collect()
+}
+
 /// How many bytes of `runs` fit in `frame` (whole lines; a following break space or paragraph
 /// break stays with the line that ends there).
 fn fit(db: &FontDb, frame: &TextObject, runs: &[TextRun]) -> usize {
@@ -37,21 +67,43 @@ fn fit(db: &FontDb, frame: &TextObject, runs: &[TextRun]) -> usize {
     end
 }
 
-/// The story `runs` split across `frames` in order (the last frame takes any overflow). Empty
-/// slices keep one empty run carrying the style at the split, so typing there has a style.
-pub fn distribute(db: &FontDb, frames: &[&TextObject], runs: &[TextRun]) -> Vec<Vec<TextRun>> {
+/// A frame's share of a story: its runs and its paragraphs' styles (one per paragraph).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Slice {
+    pub runs: Vec<TextRun>,
+    pub paras: Vec<ParaStyle>,
+}
+
+/// The story `runs` (with paragraph styles `paras`, one per story paragraph; empty = each
+/// frame's own) split across `frames` in order (the last frame takes any overflow). Empty slices
+/// keep one empty run carrying the style at the split, so typing there has a style. A paragraph
+/// split between frames has its style in both.
+pub fn distribute(db: &FontDb, frames: &[&TextObject], runs: &[TextRun], paras: &[ParaStyle]) -> Vec<Slice> {
     let mut rest = runs.to_vec();
     let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(frames.len());
+    let mut next_para = 0;
     for (i, f) in frames.iter().enumerate() {
+        let first_para = next_para;
         let len = runs_len(&rest);
-        let n = if i + 1 == frames.len() { len } else { fit(db, f, &rest) };
+        let own = [f.para.clone()];
+        let (paras, first_para) = if paras.is_empty() { (&own[..], 0) } else { (paras, first_para) };
+        let n = if i + 1 == frames.len() {
+            len
+        } else {
+            let mut probe = (*f).clone();
+            probe.runs = rest.clone();
+            probe.set_paragraph_styles(slice_paras(paras, first_para, &rest));
+            fit(db, &probe, &rest)
+        };
         let mut head = slice_runs(&rest, 0, n);
         if head.is_empty() {
             head.push(TextRun { text: String::new(), style: style_at(&rest, n) });
         }
         let tail = slice_runs(&rest, n, len);
         rest = if tail.is_empty() { vec![TextRun { text: String::new(), style: style_at(&rest, len) }] } else { tail };
-        out.push(head);
+        let head_paras = slice_paras(paras, first_para, &head);
+        next_para += head_paras.len().saturating_sub(1);
+        out.push(Slice { runs: head, paras: head_paras });
     }
     out
 }
@@ -59,7 +111,7 @@ pub fn distribute(db: &FontDb, frames: &[&TextObject], runs: &[TextRun]) -> Vec<
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, TextKind};
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Justify, TextKind};
     use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect, shapes};
 
     fn frame(x: f64) -> TextObject {
@@ -75,7 +127,7 @@ mod tests {
         let (a, b, c) = (frame(0.0), frame(200.0), frame(400.0));
         let text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ".repeat(6) + "\nSecond paragraph here.";
         let story = vec![TextRun { text: text.clone(), style: CharStyle::default() }];
-        let parts = distribute(db, &[&a, &b, &c], &story);
+        let parts: Vec<Vec<TextRun>> = distribute(db, &[&a, &b, &c], &story, &[]).into_iter().map(|s| s.runs).collect();
         let lens: Vec<usize> = parts.iter().map(|p| runs_len(p)).collect();
         assert!(lens[0] > 0 && lens[1] > 0, "{lens:?}");
         let joined: String = parts.iter().flatten().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect();
@@ -90,12 +142,43 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!parts[1][0].text.starts_with(' '));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn paragraph_styles_flow_with_their_paragraphs() {
+        let db = FontDb::global();
+        let (a, b) = (frame(0.0), frame(200.0));
+        let text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ".repeat(4) + "\nSecond paragraph.\nThird.";
+        let story = vec![TextRun { text, style: CharStyle::default() }];
+        let style = |j| ParaStyle { justify: j, ..Default::default() };
+        use vectorcraft_doc::Justify::*;
+        let paras = vec![style(Left), style(Center), style(Right)];
+        let parts = distribute(db, &[&a, &b], &story, &paras);
+        assert!(!parts[0].runs.is_empty() && !parts[1].runs.is_empty());
+        // The first paragraph overflows into the second frame: it is in both, with its style.
+        let pa: Vec<Justify> = parts[0].paras.iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect();
+        let pb: Vec<Justify> = parts[1].paras.iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect();
+        assert_eq!(pa, [Left]);
+        assert_eq!(pb, [Left, Center, Right]);
+        // Joined again, the shared paragraph counts once.
+        let mut fa = a.clone();
+        fa.runs = parts[0].runs.clone();
+        fa.set_paragraph_styles(parts[0].paras.clone());
+        let mut fb = b.clone();
+        fb.runs = parts[1].runs.clone();
+        fb.set_paragraph_styles(parts[1].paras.clone());
+        assert_eq!(story_paras(&[&fa, &fb], &[]), paras);
+        // A frame whose shared first paragraph was restyled wins.
+        fb.edit_paras(Some(0..1), |p| p.justify = JustifyAll);
+        assert_eq!(story_paras(&[&fa, &fb], &[false, true])[0].justify, JustifyAll);
+        assert_eq!(story_paras(&[&fa, &fb], &[false, false])[0].justify, Left);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn short_story_leaves_later_frames_empty_with_a_style() {
         let db = FontDb::global();
         let (a, b) = (frame(0.0), frame(200.0));
         let st = CharStyle { size: 20.0, ..Default::default() };
-        let parts = distribute(db, &[&a, &b], &[TextRun { text: "Hi".into(), style: st }]);
+        let parts: Vec<Vec<TextRun>> =
+            distribute(db, &[&a, &b], &[TextRun { text: "Hi".into(), style: st }], &[]).into_iter().map(|s| s.runs).collect();
         assert_eq!(parts[0][0].text, "Hi");
         assert_eq!((parts[1][0].text.as_str(), parts[1][0].style.size), ("", 20.0));
     }

crates/tools/src/builder.rs

@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ pub fn leaf_shapes<'a>(n: &'a Node, out: &mut Vec<&'a Node>) {
     if !n.visible {
         return;
     }
+    if n.shaper.is_some() {
+        for c in n.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(1) {
+            leaf_shapes(c, out);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
     match &n.kind {
         NodeKind::Path { guide: true, .. } | NodeKind::Path { clipping: true, .. } => {}
         NodeKind::Path { .. } | NodeKind::Compound { .. } => out.push(n),
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ impl BuilderMap {
     }
 
     /// The regions just either side of the middle of `piece` (None: outside every region).
-    fn sides(&self, piece: &po::Shape) -> [Option<usize>; 2] {
+    pub fn sides(&self, piece: &po::Shape) -> [Option<usize>; 2] {
         let Some(sp) = piece.path.subpaths.first() else { return [None; 2] };
         let n = sp.segment_count();
         if n == 0 {

crates/tools/src/extra.rs

@@ -238,43 +238,42 @@ impl Tool for ShaperTool {
                 vec![]
             }
             PointerKind::Drag => {
-                if !self.points.is_empty() && self.points.last().is_none_or(|l| l.distance(ev.pos) >= cx.tol(1.5)) {
+                if !self.points.is_empty() && self.points.len() < 4095 && self.points.last().is_none_or(|l| l.distance(ev.pos) >= cx.tol(1.5)) {
                     self.points.push(ev.pos);
                 }
                 vec![]
             }
             PointerKind::Up => {
+                // A fast final segment may arrive only on release; it still closes the stroke.
+                if !self.points.is_empty() && self.points.last().is_none_or(|p| *p != ev.pos) {
+                    self.points.push(ev.pos);
+                }
                 let pts = std::mem::take(&mut self.points);
-                let r = |x: vectorcraft_geom::Rect| json!({ "x": x.x0, "y": x.y0, "width": x.width(), "height": x.height() });
+                if pts.first().is_some_and(|first| pts.iter().all(|p| p.distance(*first) < cx.tol(3.0))) {
+                    return vec![Action::Exec("shaper.select".into(), json!({"point": [ev.pos.x, ev.pos.y]}))];
+                }
+                let r = |x: vectorcraft_geom::Rect, rotation: f64| json!({ "x": x.x0, "y": x.y0, "width": x.width(), "height": x.height(), "rotation": rotation });
                 match recognize(&pts) {
                     Some(Recognized::Line { a, b }) => vec![Action::Exec("shape.line".into(), json!({ "x1": a.x, "y1": a.y, "x2": b.x, "y2": b.y }))],
-                    Some(Recognized::Rectangle(x)) => vec![Action::Exec("shape.rectangle".into(), r(x))],
-                    Some(Recognized::Ellipse(x)) => vec![Action::Exec("shape.ellipse".into(), r(x))],
+                    Some(Recognized::Rectangle { rect, rotation }) => vec![Action::Exec("shape.rectangle".into(), r(rect, rotation))],
+                    Some(Recognized::Ellipse { rect, rotation }) => vec![Action::Exec("shape.ellipse".into(), r(rect, rotation))],
                     Some(Recognized::Polygon { center, radius, sides, rotation }) => {
                         vec![Action::Exec(
                             "shape.polygon".into(),
                             json!({ "cx": center.x, "cy": center.y, "radius": radius, "sides": sides, "rotation": rotation }),
                         )]
                     }
-                    Some(Recognized::Scribble(_)) => {
-                        // Delete the topmost objects the scribble crosses.
-                        let mut ids: Vec<u64> = vec![];
-                        for p in &pts {
-                            if let Some(h) = vectorcraft_doc::hit::hit_test(cx.doc, *p, cx.hit_options()) {
-                                let id = h.top_object(cx.isolation).0;
-                                if !ids.contains(&id) {
-                                    ids.push(id);
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        if ids.is_empty() {
-                            return vec![];
-                        }
-                        vec![Action::Exec("select.set".into(), json!({ "ids": ids })), Action::Exec("edit.clear".into(), json!({ "ids": ids }))]
-                    }
+                    Some(Recognized::Scribble(_)) => vec![Action::Exec(
+                        "shaper.scribble".into(),
+                        json!({"points": pts.iter().map(|p| [p.x, p.y]).collect::<Vec<_>>(), "tolerance": cx.tol(4.0)}),
+                    )],
                     None => vec![],
                 }
             }
+            PointerKind::DoubleClick => vec![
+                Action::Exec("shaper.select".into(), json!({"point": [ev.pos.x, ev.pos.y], "source": true})),
+                Action::SwitchTool("selection".into()),
+            ],
             _ => vec![],
         }
     }

crates/tools/src/lib.rs

@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ impl ToolContext<'_> {
             outline: self.outline,
             path_only: self.path_only,
             type_path_only: self.type_path_only,
+            scope: self.isolation,
         }
     }
 }

crates/tools/src/select.rs

@@ -364,6 +364,13 @@ impl Tool for SelectionTool {
 
     fn overlays(&self, cx: &ToolContext) -> Vec<Overlay> {
         let mut o = pathtype::overlays(cx);
+        if let Some(source) = cx.isolation.and_then(|id| cx.doc.node(id)).filter(|n| n.name.as_deref() == Some(vectorcraft_doc::shaper::SOURCES)) {
+            for n in source.children().into_iter().flatten() {
+                if let Some(path) = n.path_data() {
+                    o.push(Overlay::Path { path: path.to_bezpath(), color: [0x80, 0x80, 0x80], width: 1.0, dashed: true });
+                }
+            }
+        }
         match &self.state {
             State::Marquee { start, cur, .. } => o.push(Overlay::Marquee(Rect::from_points(*start, *cur))),
             State::Corner(c) => o.extend(c.overlays(cx)),

crates/tools/src/text.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ enum Mode {
 struct Typing {
     base: Vec<TextRun>,
     cur: Vec<TextRun>,
+    /// The first byte any edit of the session touched (the text before it is unchanged): the
+    /// previewed span starts no later, so Return at a paragraph's end splits that paragraph (its
+    /// style continues), not the next one.
+    lo: usize,
 }
 
 /// IME marked text inside the typing session, not yet committed.
@@ -174,9 +178,10 @@ impl TypeTool {
         if self.typing.is_none() {
             out.push(Action::Begin("Typing".into()));
         }
-        let ty = self.typing.get_or_insert_with(|| Typing { base: t.runs.clone(), cur: t.runs.clone() });
+        let ty = self.typing.get_or_insert_with(|| Typing { base: t.runs.clone(), cur: t.runs.clone(), lo: usize::MAX });
         let len = edit::runs_len(&ty.cur);
         let (a, b) = (self.caret.min(self.anchor).min(len), self.caret.max(self.anchor).min(len));
+        ty.lo = ty.lo.min(a);
         let caret = match &styled {
             Some(r) => edit::replace_range_styled(&mut ty.cur, a, b, r),
             None => edit::replace_range(&mut ty.cur, a, b, insert),
@@ -187,7 +192,7 @@ impl TypeTool {
         // One preview for the whole session: the changed span of base → cur, with its runs.
         let base: String = ty.base.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect();
         let cur: String = ty.cur.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect();
-        let (p, s) = common_affixes(&base, &cur);
+        let (p, s) = common_affixes(&base, &cur, ty.lo);
         let runs = edit::slice_runs(&ty.cur, p, cur.len() - s);
         let runs = if runs.is_empty() { json!([]) } else { serde_json::to_value(&runs).unwrap_or(json!([])) };
         out.push(Action::Preview("text.editRange".into(), json!({"id": id.0, "start": p, "end": base.len() - s, "runs": runs})));
@@ -332,11 +337,12 @@ fn char_range_to_bytes(s: &str, r: Range<usize>) -> Option<Range<usize>> {
     (a <= b).then_some(a..b)
 }
 
-/// Lengths of the common prefix and suffix of `a` and `b` (on char boundaries, not overlapping).
-fn common_affixes(a: &str, b: &str) -> (usize, usize) {
+/// Lengths of the common prefix (at most `max_prefix`) and suffix of `a` and `b` (on char
+/// boundaries, not overlapping).
+fn common_affixes(a: &str, b: &str, max_prefix: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
     let mut p = 0;
     for ((i, x), y) in a.char_indices().zip(b.chars()) {
-        if x != y {
+        if x != y || i + x.len_utf8() > max_prefix {
             break;
         }
         p = i + x.len_utf8();

crates/tools/src/text_tests.rs

@@ -221,10 +221,13 @@ fn select_all_and_styled_paste() {
 
 #[test]
 fn common_affixes_are_char_safe() {
-    assert_eq!(common_affixes("hello", "help"), (3, 0));
-    assert_eq!(common_affixes("aXb", "ab"), (1, 1));
-    assert_eq!(common_affixes("aaa", "aaaa"), (3, 0));
-    assert_eq!(common_affixes("é1", "è1"), (0, 1));
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("hello", "help", usize::MAX), (3, 0));
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("aXb", "ab", usize::MAX), (1, 1));
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("aaa", "aaaa", usize::MAX), (3, 0));
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("é1", "è1", usize::MAX), (0, 1));
+    // Return at the end of a paragraph: the span starts where the edit did (before the old break).
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("abc\ndef", "abc\n\ndef", 3), (3, 4));
+    assert_eq!(common_affixes("abc\ndef", "abc\n\ndef", 4), (4, 3));
 }
 
 #[test]

crates/ui-egui/src/canvas.rs

@@ -1072,7 +1072,8 @@ fn too_many_anchors<'a>(nodes: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'a Node>) -> bool {
                 None => return true,
             }
         }
-        !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Envelope { .. }) && n.children().into_iter().flatten().any(|c| over(c, left))
+        !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Envelope { .. })
+            && n.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(usize::from(n.shaper.is_some())).any(|c| over(c, left))
     }
     let mut left = OVERLAY_MAX_ANCHORS;
     nodes.into_iter().any(|n| over(n, &mut left))
@@ -1085,7 +1086,7 @@ fn walk_drawn<'a>(n: &'a Node, f: &mut impl FnMut(&'a Node)) {
     if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Envelope { .. }) {
         return;
     }
-    for c in n.children().into_iter().flatten() {
+    for c in n.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(usize::from(n.shaper.is_some())) {
         walk_drawn(c, f);
     }
 }
@@ -1100,6 +1101,7 @@ fn hit_at(app: &VectorcraftApp, p: Point, zoom: f64) -> Option<vectorcraft_doc::
         outline: app.ui.view.outline,
         path_only: prefs.object_selection_by_path_only,
         type_path_only: prefs.type_selection_by_path_only,
+        scope: app.session.active().and_then(|st| st.isolation),
     };
     vectorcraft_doc::hit::hit_test(&app.session.active()?.doc, p, opt)
 }
@@ -1837,6 +1839,24 @@ fn task_bar(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui, xf: &Xf) {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
+    use vectorcraft_geom::Shape as _;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn shaper_selection_highlights_only_the_visible_result() {
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x":100,"y":100,"width":100,"height":100})).unwrap();
+        let line = vectorcraft_doc::NodeId(s.execute("shape.line", &json!({"x1":50,"y1":150,"x2":250,"y2":150})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap());
+        for x in [0.0, 150.0] {
+            s.execute("shaper.scribble", &json!({"points":[[60.0+x,140],[70.0+x,160],[80.0+x,140],[90.0+x,160]]})).unwrap();
+        }
+        let st = s.active().unwrap();
+        let g = st.doc.node(st.selection.objects[0]).unwrap();
+        assert!(g.shaper.is_some());
+        let bounds = node_outline(g).bounding_box();
+        assert!((bounds.x0 - 100.0).abs() < 0.01 && (bounds.x1 - 200.0).abs() < 0.01, "{bounds:?}");
+        assert_eq!(node_outline(st.doc.node(line).unwrap()).bounding_box().x0, 50.0, "an isolated original still shows its full outline");
+    }
 
     /// One headless canvas frame on an 800 × 600 window.
     fn frame(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, events: Vec<egui::Event>) {

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/command.rs

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ fn choices(command: &str, key: &str) -> Option<form::Choices> {
     match (command, key) {
         ("type.pathOptions", "effect") => Some(crate::menus::PATH_EFFECTS),
         ("type.pathOptions", "alignToPath") => Some(PATH_ALIGN),
+        ("text.areaOptions", "fit") => Some(AREA_FIT),
         ("text.areaOptions", "firstBaseline") => Some(FIRST_BASELINE),
         ("text.areaOptions", "verticalAlign") => Some(VERTICAL_ALIGN),
         _ => None,
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ fn choices(command: &str, key: &str) -> Option<form::Choices> {
 /// Type on a Path Options › Align to Path.
 const PATH_ALIGN: form::Choices = &[("Ascender", "ascender"), ("Descender", "descender"), ("Center", "center"), ("Baseline", "baseline")];
 
+/// Area Type Options › Fit.
+const AREA_FIT: form::Choices = &[("None", "none"), ("Auto Size", "autoHeight"), ("Shrink Text to Fit", "shrinkText")];
+
 /// Area Type Options › First Baseline.
 const FIRST_BASELINE: form::Choices =
     &[("Ascent", "ascent"), ("Cap Height", "capHeight"), ("x Height", "xHeight"), ("Leading", "leading"), ("Fixed", "fixed")];

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/export_for_screens.rs

@@ -424,11 +424,8 @@ fn destination(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) {
         let pick = app.services.pick_folder.is_some();
         ui.horizontal(|ui| {
             form::text(ui, d, "folder", if pick { 300.0 } else { 334.0 });
-            if pick
-                && widgets::icon_button(ui, "folder-open", tl!("Choose a folder"), false, 26.0).clicked()
-                && let Some(f) = app.services.pick_folder.as_mut().and_then(|pick| pick())
-            {
-                d.fields.insert("folder".into(), json!(f));
+            if pick && widgets::icon_button(ui, "folder-open", tl!("Choose a folder"), false, 26.0).clicked() {
+                crate::picks::folder_field(app, d, "folder");
             }
         });
         form::check(ui, d, "openLocation", tl!("Open Location after Export"));

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/flattener_presets.rs

@@ -145,10 +145,17 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
             }
         }
     }
-    if let Some(a) = act
-        && let Err(e) = run(app, d, a, &preset.name)
-    {
-        app.status(e);
+    if let Some(a) = act {
+        let r = if matches!(a, Action::Import) {
+            // Its file dialog, shown off the UI thread, imports into the dialog as it is then.
+            let current = preset.name.clone();
+            crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, move |app, d| run(app, d, Action::Import, &current))
+        } else {
+            run(app, d, a, &preset.name)
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = r {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
     }
     false
 }
@@ -181,7 +188,7 @@ fn run(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog, act: Action, current: &str) ->
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vec![("Flattener presets", PRESET_EXTS)], ..Default::default() };
-            let path = app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?;
+            let path = crate::picks::open(app, &pick).ok_or("cancelled")?;
             let r = app.run("flattener.presets.import", json!({ "path": path }))?;
             if let Some(first) = r["imported"].get(0).and_then(Value::as_str) {
                 select(d, first);

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/missing_links.rs

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ fn confirm(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &Dialog) -> Result<Value, String> {
             p if !p.is_empty() => p,
             _ => {
                 let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::place_filters().collect(), ..Default::default() };
-                app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?
+                crate::picks::open(app, &pick).ok_or("cancelled")?
             }
         };
         out = app.run("links.relink", json!({ "ids": current["ids"], "path": path }))?;

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/mod.rs

@@ -315,7 +315,8 @@ pub fn cancel(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) {
 /// Apply the open dialog (OK).
 pub fn confirm(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> DialogResult {
     let Some(d) = app.ui.dialog.clone() else { return Err("no dialog open".into()) };
-    (spec(&d.kind).confirm)(app, &d)
+    // A file dialog it shows off the UI thread confirms the dialog as it is again.
+    crate::picks::as_entry(app, || crate::picks::Entry::Confirm(Box::new(d.clone())), |app| (spec(&d.kind).confirm)(app, &d))
 }
 
 pub fn show(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/package.rs

@@ -70,11 +70,8 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
     if !downloads(app) {
         widgets::label_row(ui, tl!("Location:"), LABEL, |ui| {
             form::text(ui, d, "folder", 230.0);
-            if let Some(pick) = app.services.pick_folder.as_mut()
-                && ui.button(tl!("Choose…")).clicked()
-                && let Some(f) = pick()
-            {
-                d.fields.insert("folder".into(), json!(f));
+            if app.services.pick_folder.is_some() && ui.button(tl!("Choose…")).clicked() {
+                crate::picks::folder_field(app, d, "folder");
             }
         });
         ui.add_space(4.0);

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/pdf_presets.rs

@@ -102,10 +102,17 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
             details(ui, &t, preset, builtin);
         });
     });
-    if let Some(a) = act
-        && let Err(e) = run(app, d, a, &preset.name)
-    {
-        app.status(e);
+    if let Some(a) = act {
+        let r = if matches!(a, Action::Import) {
+            // Its file dialog, shown off the UI thread, imports into the dialog as it is then.
+            let current = preset.name.clone();
+            crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, move |app, d| run(app, d, Action::Import, &current))
+        } else {
+            run(app, d, a, &preset.name)
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = r {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
     }
     false
 }
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@ fn run(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog, act: Action, current: &str) ->
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vec![("PDF presets", vectorcraft_engine::cmd::pdfcmds::PRESET_EXTS)], ..Default::default() };
-            let path = app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?;
+            let path = crate::picks::open(app, &pick).ok_or("cancelled")?;
             let r = app.run("pdf.preset.import", json!({ "path": path }))?;
             if let Some(first) = r["imported"].get(0).and_then(Value::as_str) {
                 select(d, first);

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/perspective_presets.rs

@@ -150,10 +150,17 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
         });
     });
     let name = preset.name.clone();
-    if let Some(a) = act
-        && let Err(e) = run(app, d, a, &name)
-    {
-        app.status(e);
+    if let Some(a) = act {
+        let r = if matches!(a, Action::Import) {
+            // Its file dialog, shown off the UI thread, imports into the dialog as it is then.
+            let current = name.clone();
+            crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, move |app, d| run(app, d, Action::Import, &current))
+        } else {
+            run(app, d, a, &name)
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = r {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
     }
     false
 }
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ pub(super) fn run(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog, act: Action, current
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vec![("Perspective grid presets", PRESET_EXTS)], ..Default::default() };
-            let path = app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?;
+            let path = crate::picks::open(app, &pick).ok_or("cancelled")?;
             let r = app.run("perspective.presets.import", json!({ "path": path }))?;
             if let Some(first) = r["imported"].get(0).and_then(Value::as_str) {
                 select(d, first);

crates/ui-egui/src/dialogs/print_presets.rs

@@ -111,10 +111,17 @@ fn body(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut egui::Ui, d: &mut Dialog) -> bool {
             }
         });
     });
-    if let Some(a) = act
-        && let Err(e) = run(app, d, a, &name)
-    {
-        app.status(e);
+    if let Some(a) = act {
+        let r = if matches!(a, Action::Import) {
+            // Its file dialog, shown off the UI thread, imports into the dialog as it is then.
+            let current = name.clone();
+            crate::picks::in_dialog(app, d, move |app, d| run(app, d, Action::Import, &current))
+        } else {
+            run(app, d, a, &name)
+        };
+        if let Err(e) = r {
+            app.status(e);
+        }
     }
     false
 }
@@ -149,7 +156,7 @@ pub(super) fn run(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog, act: Action, current
                 return Ok(());
             }
             let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vec![("Print presets", PRESET_EXTS)], ..Default::default() };
-            let path = app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?;
+            let path = crate::picks::open(app, &pick).ok_or("cancelled")?;
             let r = app.run("print.presets.import", json!({ "path": path }))?;
             if let Some(first) = r["imported"].get(0).and_then(Value::as_str) {
                 select(d, first);

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/cs.tsv

@@ -634,3 +634,8 @@
 	Clipboard Handling	Práce se schránkou
 	Appearance of Black	Vzhled černé
 	Devices	Zařízení
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	Je otevřené dialogové okno souboru: nejprve vyberte v něm
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	Rozšířit skupinu Shaper
+	Release Shaper Group	Uvolnit skupinu Shaper
+	Select Shaper Face	Vybrat oblast Shaper

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/es.tsv

@@ -3598,3 +3598,8 @@ axis	Both	Ambos
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	Desactivado: una copia editable de su ilustración, incrustada en este documento.
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	Imágenes: vincular al archivo en lugar de solo incrustarlo.
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	Documentos de VectorCraft: un objeto bloqueado que se actualiza cuando cambia el archivo.
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	Hay un cuadro de diálogo de archivos abierto: elija primero en él
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	Expandir grupo Shaper
+	Release Shaper Group	Soltar grupo Shaper
+	Select Shaper Face	Seleccionar cara Shaper

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/it.tsv

@@ -3598,3 +3598,8 @@ axis	Both	Entrambi
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	Disattivato: una copia modificabile della sua grafica, incorporata in questo documento.
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	Immagini: collega il file invece di incorporarlo soltanto.
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	Documenti VectorCraft: un unico oggetto bloccato, aggiornato quando il file cambia.
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	È aperta una finestra di dialogo dei file: scegli prima lì
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	Espandi gruppo Shaper
+	Release Shaper Group	Rilascia gruppo Shaper
+	Select Shaper Face	Seleziona faccia Shaper

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ja.tsv

@@ -3060,3 +3060,8 @@ theme	Appearance	外観
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	オフ：アートの編集可能なコピーをこのドキュメントに埋め込みます。
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	画像：埋め込むだけでなく、ファイルにリンクします。
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	VectorCraft ドキュメント：ロックされた 1 つのオブジェクト。ファイルの変更時に更新されます。
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	ファイルダイアログが開いています。先にそちらで選択してください
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	Shaper グループを拡張
+	Release Shaper Group	Shaper グループを解除
+	Select Shaper Face	Shaper の面を選択

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/pt-br.tsv

@@ -2648,3 +2648,8 @@
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	Desativado: uma cópia editável da arte, incorporada neste documento.
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	Imagens: vincular ao arquivo em vez de apenas incorporá-lo.
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	Documentos do VectorCraft: um objeto bloqueado, atualizado quando o arquivo muda.
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	Há uma caixa de diálogo de arquivos aberta: escolha nela primeiro
+	Shaper	Formador
+	Expand Shaper Group	Expandir Grupo Formador
+	Release Shaper Group	Liberar Grupo Formador
+	Select Shaper Face	Selecionar Face do Formador

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/ru.tsv

@@ -3596,3 +3596,8 @@ axis	Both	Оба
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	Выкл.: редактируемая копия его рисунка, внедрённая в этот документ.
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	Изображения: связывать с файлом вместо простого внедрения.
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	Документы VectorCraft: один заблокированный объект, обновляемый при изменении файла.
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	Открыто окно выбора файла: сначала сделайте выбор в нём
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	Разобрать группу Shaper
+	Release Shaper Group	Освободить группу Shaper
+	Select Shaper Face	Выбрать область Shaper

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hans.tsv

@@ -3315,3 +3315,7 @@ axis	Both	两者
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	关闭：将其图稿的可编辑副本嵌入此文档。
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	图像：链接到文件，而不只是嵌入。
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	VectorCraft 文档：一个锁定对象，文件更改时随之更新。
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	文件对话框已打开：请先在其中选择
+	Expand Shaper Group	扩展 Shaper 组
+	Release Shaper Group	释放 Shaper 组
+	Select Shaper Face	选择 Shaper 区域

crates/ui-egui/src/i18n/zh-hant.tsv

@@ -3090,3 +3090,8 @@ axis	Both	兩者
 	Off: an editable copy of its art, embedded in this document.	關閉：將其圖稿的可編輯副本內嵌在此文件中。
 	Images: link to the file instead of only embedding it.	影像：連結至檔案，而不只是嵌入。
 	VectorCraft documents: one locked object, updated when the file changes.	VectorCraft 文件：單一鎖定物件，檔案變更時隨之更新。
+	A file dialog is open: choose there first	檔案對話方塊已開啟：請先在其中選擇
+	Shaper	Shaper
+	Expand Shaper Group	展開 Shaper 群組
+	Release Shaper Group	釋放 Shaper 群組
+	Select Shaper Face	選取 Shaper 區域

crates/ui-egui/src/io.rs

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub fn open_document(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, name: &str, bytes: &[u8], path: O
 
 /// A path from the open dialog, or "cancelled".
 fn pick_open(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, pick: &FilePick) -> Result<String, String> {
-    app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(pick)).ok_or_else(|| "cancelled".into())
+    crate::picks::open(app, pick).ok_or_else(|| "cancelled".into())
 }
 
 /// Object › Plug-ins › Install Plug-in…: installs the `.wasm` at `path`, else a picked one (the
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn pick_path(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, pick: &FilePick) -> Result<String, String
     if is_web(app) {
         return Ok(pick.name.clone());
     }
-    let picked = app.services.pick_save.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(pick)).ok_or("cancelled")?;
+    let picked = crate::picks::save(app, pick).ok_or("cancelled")?;
     Ok(with_extension(&picked, &fileio::extension(&pick.name), |_| true))
 }
 

crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub mod menus;
 pub mod native_menu;
 pub mod palette;
 pub mod panels;
+pub mod picks;
 pub mod place;
 pub mod prefs_dialog;
 pub mod print;
@@ -95,6 +96,8 @@ mod tests_pathtype;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_pdfoutput;
 #[cfg(test)]
+mod tests_picks;
+#[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_place;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests_plugins;
@@ -233,6 +236,10 @@ pub struct Services {
     pub print: Option<Box<dyn print::PrintService>>,
     /// The macOS menu bar, when the desktop app installed one: the in-window menus are hidden then.
     pub native_menu: Option<native_menu::NativeMenu>,
+    /// Show file dialogs off the UI thread (desktop Linux, where a dialog in line holds the window
+    /// and the compositor finds it not answering): what asked runs again with the answer
+    /// ([`picks`]). Without it they are shown in line.
+    pub start_pick: Option<picks::StartPick>,
 }
 
 /// Cached canvas raster.
@@ -347,6 +354,8 @@ pub struct VectorcraftApp {
     /// The thread that checks the system clipboard for `system_paste` instead
     /// ([`Services::clipboard_probe`]).
     clipboard_probe: Option<clipboard_probe::Probe>,
+    /// File dialogs shown off the UI thread and what runs again with their answers.
+    pub(crate) picks: picks::Picks,
     /// The look for fonts installed or removed while the app was in the background, running
     /// ([`Self::refresh_installed_fonts`]): whether they were.
     font_check: Option<std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<bool>>,
@@ -426,6 +435,7 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
             system_paste: false,
             system_paste_at: f64::NEG_INFINITY,
             clipboard_probe: None,
+            picks: picks::Picks::default(),
             font_check: None,
             paste_chord: Default::default(),
             background: Default::default(),
@@ -489,6 +499,16 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
 
     /// Run a UI or engine command by id. The single entry point for every frontend path.
     pub fn run(&mut self, id: &str, params: Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
+        // A file dialog it shows off the UI thread runs it again with the path picked.
+        if self.picks.is_entry_free() {
+            let entry = picks::Entry::Command(id.to_string(), params.clone());
+            return picks::as_entry(self, move || entry, |app| app.run_now(id, params));
+        }
+        self.run_now(id, params)
+    }
+
+    /// [`Self::run`] it, inside what asks for file dialogs.
+    fn run_now(&mut self, id: &str, params: Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
         self.run_count = self.run_count.wrapping_add(1);
         if let Some(r) = menus::run_ui_command(self, id, &params) {
             return r;
@@ -790,6 +810,7 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
             self.system_paste = wanted && self.system_clipboard_pasteable();
         }
         self.poll_font_check(ctx);
+        picks::poll(self, ctx);
         background::poll(self);
         if !self.background.jobs.is_empty() {
             // Keep the status bar's progress moving and pick the result up when it arrives.

crates/ui-egui/src/menus.rs

@@ -2848,7 +2848,8 @@ pub fn click_target(label: &str, id: &str, p: &Value) -> (String, Value) {
 /// are.
 fn queried_dialog(id: &str) -> Option<(&'static str, &'static [&'static str])> {
     Some(match id {
-        "text.areaOptions" => ("Area Type Options", &[]),
+        // Whether the text overflows, and Shrink Text's factor, are read-only facts.
+        "text.areaOptions" => ("Area Type Options", &["overflow", "fitScale"]),
         "type.pathOptions" => ("Type on a Path Options", &["start", "end"]),
         _ => return None,
     })

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/asset_export.rs

@@ -185,17 +185,23 @@ fn collect(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context, ids: Option<Vec<NodeId
 /// folder picker: the last folder Export for Screens used, else the Desktop); the web downloads
 /// them, several as one zip.
 fn export(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>, files_each: usize) {
+    // The folder picked off the UI thread exports them then.
+    crate::picks::button(app, move |app| export_now(app, ids.clone(), files_each));
+}
+
+fn export_now(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>, files_each: usize) {
     let mut p = json!({ "assets": ids });
     if io::is_web(app) {
         p["zip"] = json!(ids.len() * files_each > 1);
     } else {
         let saved = app.session.active().map(|st| st.doc.export_settings.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
-        let folder = match app.services.pick_folder.as_mut() {
-            Some(pick) => match pick() {
+        let folder = if crate::picks::can(app, &crate::picks::PickRequest::Folder) {
+            match crate::picks::folder(app) {
                 Some(f) => f,
                 None => return,
-            },
-            None => match saved
+            }
+        } else {
+            match saved
                 .get("folder")
                 .and_then(Value::as_str)
                 .filter(|f| !f.is_empty())
@@ -204,7 +210,7 @@ fn export(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>, files_each: usize) {
             {
                 Some(f) => f,
                 None => return app.status("choose a folder to export to".to_string()),
-            },
+            }
         };
         p["folder"] = json!(folder);
         p["openLocation"] = json!(saved.get("openLocation").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(true));

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/character.rs

@@ -21,16 +21,17 @@ pub const TRACKING_PRESETS: [f64; 14] = [-100.0, -75.0, -50.0, -25.0, -10.0, -5.
 pub const SCALE_PRESETS: [f64; 8] = [25.0, 50.0, 75.0, 90.0, 100.0, 110.0, 125.0, 150.0];
 
 /// The character style shown by the panel: the selected range's (or the caret's) while the Type
-/// tool edits text, else the first selected text object's first run.
+/// tool edits text, else the first selected text object's first run. With it, the paragraph
+/// attributes of the paragraph the selection starts in (else of the first paragraph).
 pub(crate) fn text_style(app: &VectorcraftApp) -> Option<(CharStyle, vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle)> {
     if let Some((id, a, b)) = text_editing(app)
         && let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = app.session.active().and_then(|d| d.doc.node(id)).map(|n| &n.kind)
     {
-        return Some((vectorcraft_text::edit::insertion_style(&t.runs, a, b), t.para.clone()));
+        return Some((vectorcraft_text::edit::insertion_style(&t.runs, a, b), t.para_at(t.paragraphs_in(a, a).start).clone()));
     }
     let n = first_selected(app)?;
     match &n.kind {
-        NodeKind::Text(t) => Some((t.first_style(), t.para.clone())),
+        NodeKind::Text(t) => Some((t.first_style(), t.para_at(0).clone())),
         _ => None,
     }
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/library_panel.rs

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub(crate) fn pick_library_file(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, path: Option<String>)
     }
     path.or_else(|| {
         let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::open_filters().collect(), ..Default::default() };
-        app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick))
+        crate::picks::open(app, &pick)
     })
     .map(Some)
     .ok_or_else(|| "cancelled".into())

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/links.rs

@@ -116,15 +116,23 @@ fn report(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, r: Result<Value, String>, done: impl FnOnce(
 
 /// Relink images `ids` to a picked file.
 pub(crate) fn relink(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>) {
+    crate::picks::button(app, move |app| relink_picked(app, ids.clone()));
+}
+
+fn relink_picked(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>) {
     let pick = crate::FilePick { filters: vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio::place_filters().collect(), ..Default::default() };
-    let Some(path) = app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&pick)) else { return };
+    let Some(path) = crate::picks::open(app, &pick) else { return };
     let r = app.run("links.relink", json!({ "ids": ids, "path": path }));
     report(app, r, |v| format!("Relinked {} image(s)", v["relinked"].as_array().map_or(0, Vec::len)));
 }
 
 /// Relink images `ids` (none: every missing one) to the files of their names in a picked folder.
 fn relink_to_folder(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>) {
-    let Some(folder) = app.services.pick_folder.as_mut().and_then(|f| f()) else { return };
+    crate::picks::button(app, move |app| relink_to_picked_folder(app, ids.clone()));
+}
+
+fn relink_to_picked_folder(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ids: Vec<u64>) {
+    let Some(folder) = crate::picks::folder(app) else { return };
     let ids = Some(ids).filter(|i| !i.is_empty());
     let r = app.run("links.relink", json!({ "ids": ids, "folder": folder }));
     report(app, r, |v| {
@@ -154,9 +162,12 @@ pub(crate) fn unembed(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: u64, name: &str) {
         }
         return;
     }
-    let Some(path) = app.services.pick_save.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&crate::FilePick::named(name))) else { return };
-    let r = app.run("links.unembed", json!({ "id": id, "path": path }));
-    report(app, r, |v| format!("Unembedded to {}", v["path"].as_str().unwrap_or_default()));
+    let name = name.to_string();
+    crate::picks::button(app, move |app| {
+        let Some(path) = crate::picks::save(app, &crate::FilePick::named(&name)) else { return };
+        let r = app.run("links.unembed", json!({ "id": id, "path": path }));
+        report(app, r, |v| format!("Unembedded to {}", v["path"].as_str().unwrap_or_default()));
+    });
 }
 
 /// The UI commands `links.editOriginal` (open the linked file in its app) and `links.reveal`

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/paragraph.rs

@@ -22,15 +22,18 @@ pub const ALIGNMENTS: [(Justify, &str, &str, &str); 7] = [
     (Justify::JustifyAll, "dc-para-justify-all", "Justify all lines", "justifyAll"),
 ];
 
-/// Paragraph attributes apply to the whole text object (ending a Type tool typing session first).
+/// Paragraph attributes apply to the selected text objects' paragraphs or, while the Type tool
+/// edits text, to the paragraphs its selection (or caret) touches (ending its typing session).
 fn format(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, p: Value) {
     para_cmd(app, "text.setFormat", p);
 }
 
 fn para_cmd(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, cmd: &str, mut p: Value) {
-    if let Some((id, _, _)) = super::character::text_editing(app) {
+    if let Some((id, a, b)) = super::character::text_editing(app) {
         super::character::end_typing(app);
         p["ids"] = json!([id.0]);
+        p["start"] = json!(a);
+        p["end"] = json!(b);
     }
     app.run(cmd, p).ok();
 }

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/tabs.rs

@@ -26,15 +26,21 @@ fn align_id(a: TabAlign) -> &'static str {
     }
 }
 
-/// The first selected text object's stops and the ruler span in points (the frame width for area type).
+/// The stops of the caret's paragraph while the Type tool edits text (else the first selected text
+/// object's first paragraph) and the ruler span in points (the frame width for area type).
 fn current(app: &VectorcraftApp) -> Option<(Vec<TabStop>, f64)> {
-    let n = first_selected(app)?;
+    let editing = super::character::text_editing(app);
+    let n = match editing {
+        Some((id, _, _)) => app.session.active()?.doc.node(id)?.clone(),
+        None => first_selected(app)?,
+    };
     let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind else { return None };
+    let para = editing.map_or(0, |(_, a, _)| t.paragraphs_in(a, a).start);
     let span = match &t.kind {
         vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } => frame.bounds().map_or(360.0, |b| b.width()),
         _ => 360.0,
     };
-    Some((t.para.tabs.clone(), span.max(72.0)))
+    Some((t.para_at(para).tabs.clone(), span.max(72.0)))
 }
 
 fn stops_json(stops: &[TabStop]) -> Value {
@@ -47,9 +53,9 @@ fn stops_json(stops: &[TabStop]) -> Value {
 }
 
 fn apply(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, stops: &[TabStop]) {
-    if let Some((id, _, _)) = super::character::text_editing(app) {
+    if let Some((id, a, b)) = super::character::text_editing(app) {
         super::character::end_typing(app);
-        app.run("text.tabs.set", json!({"stops": stops_json(stops), "ids": [id.0]})).ok();
+        app.run("text.tabs.set", json!({"stops": stops_json(stops), "ids": [id.0], "start": a, "end": b})).ok();
     } else {
         app.run("text.tabs.set", json!({"stops": stops_json(stops)})).ok();
     }
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ pub fn menu(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ui: &mut Ui) {
     };
     let sel: usize = pstate(ui.ctx(), "tabs-sel");
     if menu_item(ui, tl!("Clear All Tabs"), false, !stops.is_empty()) {
-        app.run("text.tabs.clear", json!({})).ok();
+        apply(app, &[]);
     }
     if menu_item(ui, tl!("Delete Tab"), false, sel < stops.len()) {
         stops.remove(sel);

crates/ui-egui/src/panels/text_styles.rs

@@ -67,11 +67,12 @@ fn current(app: &VectorcraftApp, kind: Kind) -> Option<(Option<String>, Map<Stri
     Some((name, m))
 }
 
-/// Parameters targeting the selection: the Type tool's selected characters, or the selected objects.
+/// Parameters targeting the selection: the Type tool's selected characters (paragraph styles: the
+/// paragraphs its selection or caret touches), or the selected objects.
 fn target(app: &VectorcraftApp, kind: Kind, mut p: Value) -> Value {
     if let Some((id, a, b)) = text_editing(app) {
         p["id"] = json!(id.0);
-        if kind == Kind::Char && b > a {
+        if kind == Kind::Para || b > a {
             p["start"] = json!(a);
             p["end"] = json!(b);
         }

crates/ui-egui/src/picks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+//! File dialogs that leave the window running (#592).
+//!
+//! The app asks for a path where it needs one (Open, Save As, Export, Place, Relink, presets…)
+//! and goes on with it at once, so a dialog shown on the UI thread holds the window until it
+//! closes. On Windows and macOS the dialog runs the window's events meanwhile; on Linux nothing
+//! does, so a Wayland compositor finds the window not answering and offers to kill it. There the
+//! host shows dialogs on another thread ([`Services::start_pick`]): asking returns no path for now,
+//! and when the dialog answers, what asked (the command, the dialog's OK, a panel's button: the
+//! *entry*) runs again and gets the picked path at once.
+
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, TryRecvError};
+
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::state::Dialog;
+use crate::{FilePick, VectorcraftApp};
+
+/// A file dialog to show.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub enum PickRequest {
+    /// An open dialog for one file.
+    Open(FilePick),
+    /// An open dialog for files to place.
+    OpenMany,
+    /// A save dialog.
+    Save(FilePick),
+    /// A folder picker.
+    Folder,
+}
+
+/// The paths a dialog shown off the UI thread picked (none: cancelled).
+pub type PickAnswer = Vec<String>;
+
+/// Shows a dialog off the UI thread; its answer arrives on the receiver. `None` when it can't, and
+/// the dialog is then shown in line.
+pub type StartPick = Box<dyn FnMut(PickRequest) -> Option<Receiver<PickAnswer>>>;
+
+/// What runs again with the picked path.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) enum Entry {
+    /// A command (`app.run`).
+    Command(String, Value),
+    /// A dialog's OK (`dialogs::confirm`), on the dialog as it was.
+    Confirm(Box<Dialog>),
+    /// A panel's or a dialog's button.
+    Call(Rc<dyn Fn(&mut VectorcraftApp)>),
+}
+
+/// A dialog shown off the UI thread, waiting for its answer.
+struct Waiting {
+    request: PickRequest,
+    answer: Receiver<PickAnswer>,
+    entry: Entry,
+}
+
+/// The app's file dialogs ([`VectorcraftApp`]'s `picks`).
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct Picks {
+    /// What is running now and asks for a path, the outermost one.
+    entry: Option<Entry>,
+    waiting: Option<Waiting>,
+    /// A picked answer for the entry running again: the dialog it asks for gets it.
+    answer: Option<(PickRequest, PickAnswer)>,
+}
+
+impl Picks {
+    /// Nothing asking for file dialogs is running.
+    pub(crate) fn is_entry_free(&self) -> bool {
+        self.entry.is_none()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Run `f` as `entry`: a dialog it asks for off the UI thread runs `entry` again when it
+/// answers. Inside another entry, that one runs again instead.
+pub(crate) fn as_entry<R>(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, entry: impl FnOnce() -> Entry, f: impl FnOnce(&mut VectorcraftApp) -> R) -> R {
+    if app.picks.entry.is_some() {
+        return f(app);
+    }
+    app.picks.entry = Some(entry());
+    let r = f(app);
+    app.picks.entry = None;
+    r
+}
+
+/// [`as_entry`] for a panel's or a dialog's button that `f` handles.
+pub(crate) fn button(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, f: impl Fn(&mut VectorcraftApp) + 'static) {
+    let f = Rc::new(f);
+    let again = f.clone();
+    as_entry(app, move || Entry::Call(again), |app| f(app));
+}
+
+/// A dialog body's action `f` on `d` (the open dialog's copy) that asks for a file dialog: shown
+/// off the UI thread, its answer runs `f` again on the open dialog, when it is still of that kind.
+pub(crate) fn in_dialog(
+    app: &mut VectorcraftApp,
+    d: &mut Dialog,
+    f: impl Fn(&mut VectorcraftApp, &mut Dialog) -> Result<(), String> + 'static,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let f = Rc::new(f);
+    let (again, kind) = (f.clone(), d.kind.clone());
+    let entry = move || {
+        Entry::Call(Rc::new(move |app: &mut VectorcraftApp| {
+            let Some(mut d) = app.ui.dialog.take() else { return };
+            let r = if d.kind == kind { again(app, &mut d) } else { Ok(()) };
+            app.ui.dialog = Some(d);
+            if let Err(e) = r {
+                app.status(e);
+            }
+        }))
+    };
+    as_entry(app, entry, |app| f(app, d))
+}
+
+/// A dialog body's folder button: the folder picked into field `key` of `d` ([`in_dialog`]).
+pub(crate) fn folder_field(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, d: &mut Dialog, key: &'static str) {
+    let r = in_dialog(app, d, move |app, d| {
+        if let Some(f) = folder(app) {
+            d.fields.insert(key.into(), serde_json::json!(f));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    });
+    // Picking a folder doesn't fail.
+    let _ = r;
+}
+
+/// A path from an open dialog for `pick` (none: cancelled, or shown off the UI thread for now).
+pub(crate) fn open(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, pick: &FilePick) -> Option<String> {
+    ask(app, PickRequest::Open(pick.clone()))?.into_iter().next()
+}
+
+/// A path from a save dialog for `pick`.
+pub(crate) fn save(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, pick: &FilePick) -> Option<String> {
+    ask(app, PickRequest::Save(pick.clone()))?.into_iter().next()
+}
+
+/// A folder from the folder picker.
+pub(crate) fn folder(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Option<String> {
+    ask(app, PickRequest::Folder)?.into_iter().next()
+}
+
+/// Paths from the open dialog for files to place (none: cancelled).
+pub(crate) fn open_many(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Vec<String> {
+    ask(app, PickRequest::OpenMany).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+/// Whether the host shows `request`'s kind of dialog at all.
+pub(crate) fn can(app: &VectorcraftApp, request: &PickRequest) -> bool {
+    let s = &app.services;
+    match request {
+        PickRequest::Open(_) => s.pick_open.is_some(),
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => s.pick_open_multi.is_some() || s.pick_open.is_some(),
+        PickRequest::Save(_) => s.pick_save.is_some(),
+        PickRequest::Folder => s.pick_folder.is_some(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The paths `request`'s dialog picked: the answer kept for it, else shown off the UI thread (no
+/// paths for now), else shown in line.
+fn ask(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, request: PickRequest) -> Option<PickAnswer> {
+    // One for another dialog is dropped: the entry took another way this time.
+    if let Some((asked, answer)) = app.picks.answer.take()
+        && asked == request
+    {
+        return Some(answer);
+    }
+    if !can(app, &request) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    if let (Some(entry), Some(start)) = (app.picks.entry.clone(), app.services.start_pick.as_mut()) {
+        if app.picks.waiting.is_some() {
+            app.status(tl!("A file dialog is open: choose there first"));
+            return None;
+        }
+        if let Some(answer) = start(request.clone()) {
+            app.picks.waiting = Some(Waiting { request, answer, entry });
+            return None;
+        }
+    }
+    let s = &mut app.services;
+    let one = |p: Option<String>| Some(p.into_iter().collect());
+    match &request {
+        PickRequest::Open(pick) => one(s.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(pick))),
+        PickRequest::Save(pick) => one(s.pick_save.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(pick))),
+        PickRequest::Folder => one(s.pick_folder.as_mut().and_then(|f| f())),
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => match (s.pick_open_multi.as_mut(), s.pick_open.as_mut()) {
+            (Some(many), _) => Some(many()),
+            (None, Some(f)) => one(f(&FilePick::default())),
+            (None, None) => None,
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+/// Each frame: when the dialog shown off the UI thread answers with paths, run its entry again
+/// with them. While it is open, look again shortly.
+pub(crate) fn poll(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+    let Some(w) = &app.picks.waiting else { return };
+    let answer = match w.answer.try_recv() {
+        Ok(answer) => answer,
+        Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => {
+            // What asked gave up for now: no "cancelled" while the dialog is open.
+            if app.ui.status == "cancelled" {
+                app.ui.status.clear();
+            }
+            ctx.request_repaint_after(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100));
+            return;
+        }
+        // The dialog's thread is gone: as cancelled.
+        Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => vec![],
+    };
+    let Some(Waiting { request, entry, .. }) = app.picks.waiting.take() else { return };
+    if answer.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    app.picks.answer = Some((request, answer));
+    rerun(app, entry);
+    // An entry that took another way this time leaves the answer unused.
+    app.picks.answer = None;
+}
+
+/// Run `entry` again.
+fn rerun(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, entry: Entry) {
+    let r = match entry {
+        Entry::Command(id, params) => app.run(&id, params).map(|_| ()),
+        Entry::Confirm(d) => {
+            app.ui.dialog = Some(*d);
+            crate::dialogs::confirm(app).map(|_| ())
+        }
+        Entry::Call(f) => {
+            f(app);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    };
+    if let Err(e) = r {
+        app.status(e);
+    }
+}

crates/ui-egui/src/place.rs

@@ -135,10 +135,10 @@ fn pick(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Result<(), String> {
         f();
         return Ok(());
     }
-    let paths = match (app.services.pick_open_multi.as_mut(), app.services.pick_open.as_mut()) {
-        (Some(f), _) => f(),
-        (None, Some(f)) => f(&crate::FilePick { filters: fileio::place_filters().collect(), ..Default::default() }).into_iter().collect(),
-        (None, None) => vec![],
+    let paths = if app.services.pick_open_multi.is_some() {
+        crate::picks::open_many(app)
+    } else {
+        crate::picks::open(app, &crate::FilePick { filters: fileio::place_filters().collect(), ..Default::default() }).into_iter().collect()
     };
     if paths.is_empty() {
         return Err("cancelled".into());

crates/ui-egui/src/shortcut_editor.rs

@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ pub fn run_command(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Resu
         "shortcuts.export" => {
             let v = export_json(&app.ui.shortcut_set, &app.ui.shortcut_overrides);
             let bytes = serde_json::to_vec_pretty(&v).unwrap_or_default();
-            let path = s("path").or_else(|| app.services.pick_save.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&crate::FilePick::named("VectorCraft Shortcuts.json"))));
+            let path = s("path").or_else(|| crate::picks::save(app, &crate::FilePick::named("VectorCraft Shortcuts.json")));
             match path {
                 Some(path) => match app.services.write.as_mut() {
                     Some(w) => w(&path, &bytes).map(|_| json!({"path": path})),
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ pub fn run_command(app: &mut VectorcraftApp, id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Resu
             let data = if let Some(v) = p.get("data") {
                 Ok(v.clone())
             } else {
-                let path = s("path").or_else(|| app.services.pick_open.as_mut().and_then(|f| f(&crate::FilePick::default())));
+                let path = s("path").or_else(|| crate::picks::open(app, &crate::FilePick::default()));
                 match (path, app.services.read.as_ref()) {
                     (Some(path), Some(r)) => r(&path).and_then(|b| serde_json::from_slice(&b).map_err(|e| e.to_string())),
                     (None, _) => Err("cancelled".into()),

crates/ui-egui/src/sysclip.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //! reads from a paste itself ([`VectorcraftApp::paste_from_host`]).
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{EMF, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, SVG, TEXT, looks_like_svg};
+use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{BITMAP, EMF, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, SVG, TEXT, is_address, looks_like_svg};
 
 use crate::VectorcraftApp;
 
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ impl VectorcraftApp {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
                 let Some(f) = cb.read(&PASTE_ORDER) else { return Ok(()) };
+                // Text that is only an address goes with a browser's copied picture: the picture.
+                let f = if f.mime == TEXT && is_address(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&f.data)) { cb.read(&[BITMAP]).unwrap_or(f) } else { f };
                 import_command(&f, center)
             }
             // Text only: SVG markup is art, other text is left alone.

crates/ui-egui/src/tests_picks.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//! File dialogs shown off the UI thread (Linux, #592): what asked runs again with the answer.
+
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::rc::Rc;
+use std::sync::mpsc::{Sender, channel};
+
+use serde_json::json;
+use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
+
+use crate::picks::{self, PickRequest};
+use crate::state::Dialog;
+use crate::{FilePick, Services, VectorcraftApp};
+
+const SVG: &[u8] = br#"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="30"><rect width="10" height="10"/></svg>"#;
+
+/// A dialog asked for, and where its answer goes.
+type Asked = (PickRequest, Sender<Vec<String>>);
+
+/// The dialogs showing.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+struct Shown(Rc<RefCell<Vec<Asked>>>);
+
+impl Shown {
+    fn requests(&self) -> Vec<PickRequest> {
+        self.0.borrow().iter().map(|(r, _)| r.clone()).collect()
+    }
+    /// The last dialog shown answers `paths`.
+    fn answer(&self, paths: &[&str]) {
+        let (_, tx) = self.0.borrow_mut().pop().expect("a dialog is showing");
+        tx.send(paths.iter().map(|p| p.to_string()).collect()).unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+/// A desktop app whose dialogs show off the UI thread (none in line), reading [`SVG`] from any path
+/// and writing files to `written`.
+fn app() -> (VectorcraftApp, Shown, Rc<RefCell<Vec<String>>>) {
+    let (shown, written) = (Shown::default(), Rc::new(RefCell::new(vec![])));
+    let (s, w) = (shown.clone(), written.clone());
+    let in_line = |_: &FilePick| -> Option<String> { panic!("no dialog on the UI thread") };
+    let services = Services {
+        pick_open: Some(Box::new(in_line)),
+        pick_save: Some(Box::new(in_line)),
+        pick_folder: Some(Box::new(|| panic!("no dialog on the UI thread"))),
+        read: Some(Box::new(|_: &str| Ok(SVG.to_vec()))),
+        write: Some(Box::new(move |path: &str, _: &[u8]| {
+            w.borrow_mut().push(path.to_string());
+            Ok(())
+        })),
+        start_pick: Some(Box::new(move |request: PickRequest| {
+            let (tx, rx) = channel();
+            s.0.borrow_mut().push((request, tx));
+            Some(rx)
+        })),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    (VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), services), shown, written)
+}
+
+fn poll(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) {
+    picks::poll(app, &egui::Context::default());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn file_open_opens_what_its_dialog_picks_when_it_answers() {
+    let (mut app, shown, _) = app();
+    // The dialog shows; File › Open gives up for now, without a "cancelled".
+    assert!(app.run("file.open", json!({})).is_err());
+    assert!(matches!(shown.requests().as_slice(), [PickRequest::Open(_)]));
+    poll(&mut app);
+    assert!(app.session.documents().is_empty() && app.ui.status.is_empty(), "{}", app.ui.status);
+    // Another dialog waits for this one.
+    assert!(app.run("file.open", json!({})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(shown.requests().len(), 1);
+    assert!(app.ui.status.contains("file dialog is open"), "{}", app.ui.status);
+    shown.answer(&["/art/a.svg"]);
+    poll(&mut app);
+    assert_eq!(app.session.documents().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(app.session.active().and_then(|d| d.path.clone()).as_deref(), Some("/art/a.svg"));
+    // Cancelled: nothing happens, and dialogs show again.
+    assert!(app.run("file.open", json!({})).is_err());
+    shown.answer(&[]);
+    poll(&mut app);
+    assert_eq!(app.session.documents().len(), 1);
+    assert!(app.run("file.open", json!({})).is_err());
+    assert_eq!(shown.requests().len(), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn save_as_goes_on_with_the_path_picked() {
+    let (mut app, shown, written) = app();
+    app.run("file.new", json!({"width": 100, "height": 80})).unwrap();
+    app.run("shape.rectangle", json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "width": 30, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+    assert!(app.run("file.saveAs", json!({})).is_err());
+    assert!(matches!(shown.requests().as_slice(), [PickRequest::Save(_)]));
+    shown.answer(&["/art/poster.svg"]);
+    poll(&mut app);
+    // SVG Options asks next, and its OK writes the file there.
+    assert_eq!(app.ui.dialog.as_ref().map(|d| d.kind.as_str()), Some("svgOptions"));
+    crate::dialogs::confirm(&mut app).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(*written.borrow(), ["/art/poster.svg"]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn a_dialogs_folder_button_fills_its_field_when_the_picker_answers() {
+    let (mut app, shown, _) = app();
+    let mut d = Dialog::new("exportForScreens", json!({"folder": ""}));
+    app.ui.dialog = Some(d.clone());
+    picks::folder_field(&mut app, &mut d, "folder");
+    assert_eq!(shown.requests(), [PickRequest::Folder]);
+    shown.answer(&["/out"]);
+    poll(&mut app);
+    assert_eq!(app.ui.dialog.as_ref().map(|d| d.str("folder")).as_deref(), Some("/out"));
+}

crates/ui-egui/src/tests_sysclip.rs

@@ -167,6 +167,22 @@ fn text_from_another_app_pastes_as_point_text_and_svg_text_as_art() {
     assert_eq!(count(&app), before);
 }
 
+/// A browser's Copy Image: the picture with its address as text (and HTML, which Paste doesn't
+/// read). The picture is pasted; an address alone pastes as text, nothing is fetched (#597).
+#[test]
+fn an_image_copied_in_a_browser_pastes_as_the_picture_not_its_address() {
+    let (mut app, board) = app();
+    let url = b"https://example.com/images/cat.png".to_vec();
+    copy_elsewhere(&board, vec![(TEXT, url.clone()), ("text/html", b"<img src=\"https://example.com/images/cat.png\">".to_vec()), (PNG, blue_png())]);
+    run(&mut app, "edit.paste", json!({}));
+    let NodeKind::Image(im) = &pasted(&app)[0].kind else { panic!("not an image: {:?}", pasted(&app)[0].kind) };
+    assert!(im.link.is_none() && (im.width, im.height) == (4, 2));
+    copy_elsewhere(&board, vec![(TEXT, url)]);
+    run(&mut app, "edit.paste", json!({}));
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &pasted(&app)[0].kind else { panic!("not type") };
+    assert_eq!(t.plain_text(), "https://example.com/images/cat.png");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn a_pdf_from_another_app_pastes_as_vectors_ahead_of_its_bitmap() {
     let (mut app, board) = app();

docs/mcp.md

@@ -2219,6 +2219,34 @@ again, so SVG, PDF and EPS show the aligned text.
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.areaOptions","params":{"verticalAlign":"center"}}}
 ```
 
+## Fitting area type: Auto Size, Shrink Text to Fit, overflow
+
+`text.areaOptions` (and `text.create`'s `area`, `text.createInPath` in area mode) take a `fit`:
+
+- `none` (default): the frame keeps its size; text that doesn't fit overflows (the red "+").
+- `autoHeight`: Auto Size. After every edit (typing, `text.editRange`, character and paragraph changes, a new
+  width) the frame's bottom moves to just below the last line plus the inset, in the same undo step as the edit.
+  In several columns the frame gets the least height (to 0.01 pt) at which the columns hold the text. It applies
+  to rectangular frames of horizontal type in one row; `height` is ignored while it is on, and setting the height
+  by hand (a handle drag, `text.reshapeArea` moving the bottom) turns it off, as does threading the frame. The
+  `autoSizeAreaType` preference ("Auto Size New Area Type") gives new area type `autoHeight`.
+- `shrinkText` (beyond the reference app), with `fitMinPercent` (10–100, default 50): when the text overflows,
+  every run's size, leading (explicit leading; auto leading follows the size) and baseline shift are scaled by the
+  largest factor down to `fitMinPercent` % that makes it fit. Paragraph spacing and indents stay. The stored
+  sizes don't change: the scaling happens at layout time, so rendering and every export see it. The factor is
+  found by bisection over the first run's size in steps of 0.1 pt (its scaled size is a whole number of tenths of
+  a point, so the result is deterministic); at `fitMinPercent` the text may still overflow.
+
+The file stores `"fit": "autoHeight"` or `"fit": {"shrinkText": {"minPercent": 40}}` in the object's `area`; the
+command also accepts that object form. The query (and every reply) of `text.areaOptions` reports `fit` as its id,
+`fitMinPercent`, `overflow` (the text doesn't fit its frame) and `fitScale` (Shrink Text's factor, 1 unshrunk).
+`document.inspect` (and `document.node {summary: true}`) reports `overflow` for area type and type on a path (text past
+the end of the path), and `fit` and `fitScale` for area type.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.areaOptions","params":{"fit":"shrinkText","fitMinPercent":60}}}
+```
+
 ## Converting between point type and area type
 
 With the Selection tool, a single selected point or area type object shows the type widget: a small circle beside
@@ -2278,6 +2306,32 @@ begins or ends, dragging the centre bracket slides the type along its path and,
 {"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"type.pathOptions","params":{"start":0.25,"end":0.75,"flip":true}}}
 ```
 
+## Paragraph attributes per paragraph
+
+Each paragraph (text split at `\n`) has its own alignment, indents, space before and after, hyphenation,
+punctuation spacing (`mojikumi`), hanging punctuation (`burasagari`), direction, leading model, tab stops and
+paragraph style. `text.setStyle {justify}`, `text.setFormat {leftIndent, rightIndent, firstLineIndent,
+spaceBefore, spaceAfter, hyphenate, mojikumi, burasagari, direction, leadingModel}`, `text.tabs.set` / `text.tabs.clear` and `paraStyle.apply` take optional
+`start` / `end` byte offsets of the plain text (as `text.setRangeStyle` does): they change the paragraphs the range
+touches (a caret, `start == end`, touches its paragraph). Without a range they change every paragraph of the
+targeted objects, as before. With a range, the character attributes of `text.setStyle` and `text.setFormat` style
+that range of characters. `text.tabs.get {start?}` and `paraStyle.new` / `paraStyle.redefine {id, start?}` read the
+paragraph at `start`; `paraStyle.list` counts paragraphs as uses. A Return the Type tool types (or `text.editRange`
+inserting `\n`) continues the style of the paragraph it splits; deleting a break keeps the first paragraph's style;
+`text.setText` gives every paragraph the first one's attributes. Threaded text keeps each paragraph's attributes as
+the story re-flows (a paragraph split between frames has them in both).
+
+In the native file a text object's `para` holds the first paragraph's attributes and `paras` (left out when every
+paragraph is alike) one entry per paragraph, so older readers keep the first paragraph's. SVG export anchors each
+centred or right-aligned line on its own (`<tspan text-anchor>`), and SVG import gives each line's paragraph its
+alignment back, with indents that keep it in place.
+
+```json
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.setStyle","params":{"id":42,"justify":"center","start":0,"end":0}}}
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"text.setFormat","params":{"ids":[42],"spaceBefore":6,"start":12,"end":30}}}
+{"name":"run_command","arguments":{"command":"paraStyle.apply","params":{"name":"Heading","id":42,"start":0,"end":0}}}
+```
+
 ## Constrain proportions
 
 The link between W and H in the Transform panel, the Properties panel and the Control bar is the
@@ -2328,8 +2382,8 @@ tone (mono, or CMYK screens multiplied over each other), clipped to the art's ou
 
 Type can use the bundled fonts, fonts added to the session and the fonts installed on the system (none on the web):
 the system's and the user's font folders (Windows: `Fonts` and `%LOCALAPPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts`, plus fonts
-registered outside them, such as fonts installed as shortcuts, and in the desktop app the fonts in DirectWrite's system
-font collection, such as those Adobe Fonts activates while Creative Cloud runs; macOS: `/System/Library/Fonts`, `/Library/Fonts`,
+registered outside them, such as fonts installed as shortcuts, and in the desktop app and `vectorcraft-cli` (MCP
+included) the fonts in DirectWrite's system font collection, such as those Adobe Fonts activates while Creative Cloud runs; macOS: `/System/Library/Fonts`, `/Library/Fonts`,
 `/Network/Library/Fonts`, `~/Library/Fonts` and downloaded system fonts; Linux and BSD: `/usr/share/fonts`,
 `/usr/local/share/fonts`, `~/.fonts` and the XDG data folders' `fonts`, `~/.local/share/fonts` among them, and in a
 Flatpak sandbox the host's fonts). The installed fonts are cataloged once per session (in the background when the app starts, else on the first lookup

docs/shaper.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Shaper
+
+Sketch a basic shape with the Shaper tool (Shift+N). Rectangles, squares and ellipses snap to 45° rotation steps; hexagons to 90°. Triangles point up or down; sideways sketches snap to one of those orientations. Lines keep the angle you draw, including while Shift is held.
+
+Scribble over overlapping paths to make an editable Shaper Group:
+
+- Start in a filled region and cross into other regions to merge the regions touched. The result uses the starting region’s fill.
+- Scribble within a region to remove its fill and keep its stroke. Hidden overlap boundaries are part of the same visible face; visible dividing strokes create separate faces.
+- End the scribble outside the artwork to remove the touched fills and exposed boundary strokes. Shared edges along surviving filled areas remain, closing their contours. Compatible stroke pieces join at the new corners, so the selected stroke’s join style applies there.
+- Scribble over an unfilled stroke segment to remove that piece. A line passing through a shape is split at the intersections, so its protruding ends can be removed separately.
+
+Click once to select the group; click again to select its visible fill and change its color. Double-click with Shaper to enter construction editing and select an original shape. The Selection tool then moves or resizes it normally, and the visible composition updates. Escape leaves construction editing. The original live shapes and edit recipes survive native save/reopen. Outside construction editing, selection highlights and bounds show only the visible result.
+
+Object › Shaper › Release restores the original paths. Expand keeps the visible result as ordinary paths. Each scribble and source edit records one undo step. Sources in a composition must share a parent layer/group; Shaper limits a composition to 64 source paths and 4,096 segments.
+
+The construction-mode arrow widget and finer gesture heuristics remain to be implemented.
+
+Behavior reference: [public Shaper documentation](https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/building-new-shapes-using-shape.html). Rotation steps and independent fill/stroke cases follow the contributor’s supplied requirements. No reference images or product assets are included.