Part of #641: Image Trace: Advanced as a section that stays open, and View modes

- The Image Trace panel's Advanced options sit under a full-width collapsible
  header (widgets::section_toggle, also used by New Document's Advanced
  Options); whether it is open is kept with the UI preferences.
- View: Tracing Result, Tracing Result with Outlines, Outlines, Outlines with
  Source Image and Source Image, in the panel, the Control bar and the
  Properties panel. The view is saved in the Image Trace object's settings
  (`trace.view`), kept when it is traced again, set with the new
  `imageTrace.setView` command (or `view` on imageTrace.make) and drawn by the
  canvas only (RenderOptions::trace_views): exports, printing and Expand keep
  the tracing result.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/packaging-lint.yml

@@ -54,4 +54,13 @@ jobs:
           desktop-file-validate packaging/linux/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.desktop
           sed -e 's/@VERSION@/0.0.0/' -e 's/@DATE@/2026-01-01/' packaging/linux/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.metainfo.xml.in >"$RUNNER_TEMP/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.metainfo.xml"
           appstreamcli validate --no-net --explain "$RUNNER_TEMP/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.metainfo.xml"
-          python3 -c "import yaml; m = yaml.safe_load(open('packaging/linux/flatpak/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.yml')); assert m['id'] == 'ai.storyteller.vectorcraft' and m['command'] == 'vectorcraft'"
+          python3 - <<'EOF'
+          import yaml
+          src = yaml.safe_load(open("packaging/linux/flatpak/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.yml"))
+          bundle = yaml.safe_load(open("packaging/linux/flatpak/ai.storyteller.vectorcraft.bundle.yml"))
+          for m in (src, bundle):
+              assert m["id"] == "ai.storyteller.vectorcraft" and m["command"] == "vectorcraft", m["id"]
+          for key in ("runtime", "runtime-version", "sdk", "finish-args"):
+              assert src[key] == bundle[key], f"Flatpak manifests disagree on {key}: {src[key]} vs {bundle[key]}"
+          print("Flatpak manifests ok")
+          EOF

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 # Release pipeline: every push to `release` builds signed installers for every platform and
 # creates or updates the draft GitHub Release "VectorCraft v<version>". See docs/releasing.md.
 #
-# All jobs run in the `release` environment (restricted to the `release` branch), which holds
-# the signing secrets. Every secret is optional: missing ones produce unsigned artifacts and a
-# warning, never a failed build.
+# Jobs that sign (macOS, Windows) and the job that creates the release run in the `release`
+# environment (restricted to the `release` branch), which holds the signing secrets. Every secret
+# is optional: missing ones produce unsigned artifacts and a warning, never a failed build. The
+# other jobs sign nothing and get no environment, so a `workflow_dispatch` on any branch is a dry
+# run: they build and upload artifacts, the signed jobs are refused, and no release is drafted.
 name: Release
 
 on:
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ jobs:
   version:
     name: version
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: release
+    # No `environment: release`: no secrets here.
     outputs:
       version: ${{ steps.v.outputs.version }}
       date: ${{ steps.v.outputs.date }}
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:
     # The oldest GitHub-hosted image, so the binaries only need glibc >= 2.35 (Ubuntu 22.04+,
     # Debian 12+, Fedora 36+, RHEL 10). See docs/releasing.md.
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
-    environment: release
+    # No `environment: release`: Linux packages are not signed (checksums in SHA256SUMS.txt).
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -200,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
             libxkbcommon-dev libwayland-dev libx11-dev libxrandr-dev libxi-dev libgl1-mesa-dev \
-            desktop-file-utils appstream python3-yaml
+            desktop-file-utils appstream python3-yaml zsync
           curl -fsSL -o "$RUNNER_TEMP/nfpm.deb" \
             "https://github.com/goreleaser/nfpm/releases/download/v${NFPM_VERSION}/nfpm_${NFPM_VERSION}_${{ matrix.deb }}.deb"
           sudo dpkg -i "$RUNNER_TEMP/nfpm.deb"
@@ -225,6 +227,12 @@ jobs:
           for appimage in dist/release/*.AppImage; do
             chmod +x "$appimage"
             APPIMAGE_EXTRACT_AND_RUN=1 "$appimage" --version
+            # Update information is embedded, and the .zsync for delta updates sits beside it.
+            # No APPIMAGE_EXTRACT_AND_RUN here: with it the runtime passes --appimage-* flags on
+            # to the app instead of answering them itself.
+            "$appimage" --appimage-updateinformation \
+              | grep -F "gh-releases-zsync|${GITHUB_REPOSITORY%%/*}|${GITHUB_REPOSITORY#*/}|latest|vectorcraft-*-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.AppImage.zsync"
+            test -s "$appimage.zsync"
           done
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -232,13 +240,52 @@ jobs:
           path: dist/release/*
           if-no-files-found: error
 
+  flatpak:
+    name: Flatpak ${{ matrix.arch }}
+    needs: [version, linux]
+    # Repackages the Linux job's tarball (the same binaries as the AppImage/deb/rpm); no Rust
+    # build here. 24.04 for a newer flatpak-builder (1.4) than 22.04 ships.
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    # No `environment: release`: this job signs nothing, so it gets no release secrets.
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { arch: x86_64, runner: ubuntu-24.04 }
+          - { arch: aarch64, runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm }
+    env:
+      VECTORCRAFT_VERSION: ${{ needs.version.outputs.version }}
+      VECTORCRAFT_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.version.outputs.date }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: dist/linux
+      - name: Install flatpak-builder
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          # librsvg2-common: the SVG pixbuf loader. flatpak-builder runs the host's
+          # `appstreamcli compose`, which renders the scalable icon and fails without it.
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends flatpak flatpak-builder librsvg2-common
+          # Ubuntu 24.04's AppArmor blocks the unprivileged user namespaces bubblewrap needs.
+          sudo sysctl -w kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns=0
+      - name: Build the Flatpak bundle
+        run: packaging/linux/flatpak-bundle.sh "dist/linux/vectorcraft-$VECTORCRAFT_VERSION-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}.tar.gz"
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-flatpak-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: dist/release/*.flatpak
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
   freebsd:
     name: FreeBSD x86_64
     needs: version
-    # GitHub has no FreeBSD runners: build in a FreeBSD 14.3 VM (same image as freebsd.yml).
+    # GitHub has no FreeBSD runners: build in a FreeBSD 14.3 VM (same image and packages as
+    # freebsd.yml).
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 150
-    environment: release
+    # No `environment: release`: this job signs nothing, so it gets no release secrets.
     env:
       VECTORCRAFT_VERSION: ${{ needs.version.outputs.version }}
       VECTORCRAFT_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.version.outputs.date }}
@@ -262,6 +309,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           release: "14.3"
           usesh: true
+          cpu: 4
           mem: 12288
           # Passed through by name; never templated into the script.
           envs: "VECTORCRAFT_VERSION VECTORCRAFT_BUILD_DATE VECTORCRAFT_BUILD_SHA"
@@ -276,6 +324,8 @@ jobs:
             export CRAFT_FONTS_DIR="$PWD/craft-fonts" CRAFT_FONTS_REQUIRED=1
             export CARGO_TARGET_DIR=/var/tmp/vectorcraft-target CARGO_BUILD_JOBS=4
             bash packaging/freebsd/package.sh
+            tar -tzf dist/release/vectorcraft-*-freebsd-x86_64.tar.gz \
+              | grep -E '/bin/vectorcraft$|/bin/vectorcraft-cli$|/share/applications/ai\.storyteller\.vectorcraft\.desktop$'
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: release-freebsd
@@ -286,7 +336,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Web (wasm)
     needs: version
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: release
+    # No `environment: release`: no secrets here.
     env:
       VECTORCRAFT_VERSION: ${{ needs.version.outputs.version }}
       VECTORCRAFT_BUILD_DATE: ${{ needs.version.outputs.date }}
@@ -327,7 +377,9 @@ jobs:
 
   release:
     name: Draft GitHub Release
-    needs: [version, macos, windows, linux, freebsd, web]
+    # Needs the signed jobs, so a branch dry run (where the environment refuses them) never
+    # drafts a release.
+    needs: [version, macos, windows, linux, flatpak, freebsd, web]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     environment: release
     permissions:

AGENTS.md

@@ -6,13 +6,19 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 
 ## Start every session here
 1. Read the [honest assessment in `ROADMAP.md`](ROADMAP.md#honest-assessment-2026-10-05): where we stand by dimension, **where we're lacking** (the prioritized gap list) and **where we're going**. Unless the user gives you a task, pick work from that list.
-2. Read `plan/STATUS.md` (local session notes, may lag the ROADMAP), then the task in `plan/execution-plan.md` §3 and the relevant `plan/architecture.md` section. Behaviour reference: `plan/illustrator/*.md`.
+2. Read `plan/STATUS.md` (local session notes, may lag the ROADMAP), then the task in `plan/execution-plan.md` §3 and the relevant `plan/architecture.md` section. Behaviour reference: public documentation only (see Clean-room below); `plan/illustrator/*.md` holds notes from it.
 3. Follow the autonomous operation protocol (`plan/execution-plan.md` §7): orient → plan → implement + test → verify → record → commit. Don't stop to ask unless §7 lists the decision as the user's.
 
 `plan/` is gitignored (local only).
 
 ## Non-negotiables
-- **Clean-room.** Never read, disassemble or copy anything inside the Illustrator bundle (names/listings only). Never copy Adobe icons, artwork, presets or wording beyond feature names. Behaviour comes from public docs and black-box observation of the running app with synthetic documents only (screenshots by window id, stored under `plan/illustrator/screenshots/`, never committed). Never copy GPL/AGPL code (Inkscape, lib2geom…).
+- **Clean-room: never use Adobe software (absolute rule, from the project owner).** Adobe's Terms of Use forbid reverse engineering, including observing a program's inputs and outputs to recreate it. So:
+  - Never launch, run, script, automate (COM, AppleScript, ExtendScript, UI automation), screenshot or measure Illustrator or any other Adobe application, and never compare our output against one. Don't make test files with them, not even "synthetic" ones.
+  - Never read, disassemble or copy anything inside an Adobe install (binaries, plug-ins, presets, procsets, resources, help files, fonts, ICC profiles).
+  - Never copy Adobe-authored code or text into this repo, tests included: no PostScript procsets or prologs (AGM, CoolType, the Illustrator prologs), no sample files. Write test inputs from scratch from the public specifications (PostScript Language Reference, PDF / ISO 32000, TIFF, EPSF/DCS).
+  - Behaviour comes only from public documentation (helpx, published specs, public forum posts), cited by URL, and from files users send us that they own (used locally, never committed). Never copy Adobe icons, artwork, presets or wording beyond feature names.
+  - If a task seems to need any of this, stop and say so instead. `cargo xtask cleanroom` (run by `cargo xtask ci`) fails on Adobe copyright notices and on fixtures made with Adobe applications.
+  - Never copy GPL/AGPL code (Inkscape, lib2geom…).
 - **Assets: no Adobe iconography or images — ever (absolute rule, from the project owner).**
   - Never add, copy, trace, redraw-from, embed or ship any icon, image, artwork, cursor, preset, swatch/brush/symbol/pattern/style library, ICC profile or screenshot from Adobe products or from any other source whose licence doesn't allow it.
   - Every image, icon, font or other asset must be one of:
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 ## Running and looking at the app
 - `cargo run --release -p vectorcraft -- --control 7979 [file.svg|file.vectorcraft]` (sibling apps' agents use the same default port: if the log says it failed to bind, pick another port — otherwise your requests reach a different app).
 - Drive it: JSON lines on `127.0.0.1:7979`, e.g. `{"id":1,"method":"engine.execute","params":{"command":"shape.rectangle","params":{"x":10,"y":10,"width":100,"height":50}}}` then `{"id":2,"method":"ui.screenshot","params":{"path":"/tmp/shot.png"}}`. Methods: `crates/ui-egui/src/control.rs`.
-- **For UI work, look at the result** (take `ui.screenshot`, read the PNG) and compare with `plan/illustrator/02-ui-ux.md` / `10-observed-ui.md`. `ui.screenshot` needs a presented frame: if it errors (screen locked), check the art with `ui.render` / `vectorcraft-cli run … --export x.png`, and cover panels with a headless egui frame test (see `panels/transparency.rs` tests).
+- **For UI work, look at the result** (take `ui.screenshot`, read the PNG) and compare with the public documentation (`plan/illustrator/02-ui-ux.md` notes). `ui.screenshot` needs a presented frame: if it errors (screen locked), check the art with `ui.render` / `vectorcraft-cli run … --export x.png`, and cover panels with a headless egui frame test (see `panels/transparency.rs` tests).
 - **Performance:** `vectorcraft-cli perf` checks the budgets (render/pan/zoom, hit test, save/open, SVG, Pathfinder) on a synthetic 50k-path document; `vectorcraft-cli bench FILE` times one file. Run them before and after renderer, format or geometry changes, on an idle machine (the report warns when the load average makes timings noise).
 - MCP: `vectorcraft-cli mcp` (see `docs/mcp.md`).
 - Shell gotcha: `mv`/`cp` are aliased interactive here — use `/bin/mv -f` / `/bin/cp -f`.
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 ## Roadmap
 `ROADMAP.md` (committed) is the shared picture of where VectorCraft stands. It holds status, the honest assessment (by dimension, the gap list, the direction), milestones, the parity table and time-to-parity estimates.
 - When a task lands, update it in the same PR: the milestone row, the parity-table row (score, missing items, hours), "Shipped so far", and the gap list if the gap closed or shrank.
-- Grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exists. Scores are self-assessed, so err low.
+- Grade by behaviour against the public documentation (`plan/illustrator/` notes), not by whether a menu item exists. Scores are self-assessed, so err low.
 - Keep the README's Status section in step with the ROADMAP headline.
 
 ## Contributor credits (About window)

ASSETS.md

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ Generated-in-code art is original and has no file to list. This covers the defau
 | `assets/app-icon/vectorcraft.icns` | Project owner (ArtCraft team) | Original artwork drawn in ArtCraft for VectorCraft, vectorised and rendered by `packaging/icons.sh` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 (`assets/app-icon/LICENSE.txt`) | App icon (engraved dragon) |
 | `assets/app-icon/vectorcraft.ico` | Project owner (ArtCraft team) | Original artwork drawn in ArtCraft for VectorCraft, vectorised and rendered by `packaging/icons.sh` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 (`assets/app-icon/LICENSE.txt`) | App icon (engraved dragon) |
 | `assets/app-icon/vectorcraft.svg` | Project owner (ArtCraft team) | Original artwork drawn in ArtCraft for VectorCraft, vectorised and rendered by `packaging/icons.sh` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 (`assets/app-icon/LICENSE.txt`) | App icon (engraved dragon) |
+| `packaging/macos/dmg/background.svg` | Xus Badia (contributed in #493) | Original artwork for VectorCraft's DMG window; links the app icon `assets/app-icon/vectorcraft-small.svg` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 (licensed by the contributor under the project licence) | DMG background source. Text in Inter and JetBrains Mono (OFL-1.1, `assets/fonts`), not embedded; paper grain generated by an SVG `feTurbulence` filter |
+| `packaging/macos/dmg/background.tiff` | Xus Badia (contributed in #493) | Rendered from `packaging/macos/dmg/background.svg` by `packaging/macos/dmg/generate.py` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 | 1x + 2x DMG background; includes the app icon (see its rows), text rendered from OFL-1.1 fonts and LittleCMS's built-in sRGB profile ("No copyright, use freely") |
+| `packaging/macos/dmg/DS_Store` | Xus Badia (layout, #493) | Written by `packaging/macos/dmg/generate.py` | MIT OR Apache-2.0 | Finder view settings for the DMG (window, icon size and positions, background alias); no machine data |
 | `assets/fonts/Inter-Medium.ttf` | Rasmus Andersson / The Inter Project Authors | https://github.com/rsms/inter | OFL-1.1 (`assets/fonts/OFL-Inter.txt`) | Open-source typeface, not product iconography or artwork |
 | `assets/fonts/Inter-Regular.ttf` | Rasmus Andersson / The Inter Project Authors | https://github.com/rsms/inter | OFL-1.1 (`assets/fonts/OFL-Inter.txt`) | Open-source typeface, not product iconography or artwork |
 | `assets/fonts/Inter-SemiBold.ttf` | Rasmus Andersson / The Inter Project Authors | https://github.com/rsms/inter | OFL-1.1 (`assets/fonts/OFL-Inter.txt`) | Open-source typeface, not product iconography or artwork |
@@ -90,6 +93,7 @@ Generated-in-code art is original and has no file to list. This covers the defau
 | `assets/icons/dc-alignto-key.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-alignto-selection.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-anchor.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
+| `assets/icons/dc-anchor-smooth.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-appearance.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-arc.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-arrow-down.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
@@ -171,8 +175,6 @@ Generated-in-code art is original and has no file to list. This covers the defau
 | `assets/icons/dc-para-rtl.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-path-eraser.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-pathfinder.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
-| `assets/icons/dc-pen-add.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
-| `assets/icons/dc-pen-delete.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-perspective.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-pf-crop.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
 | `assets/icons/dc-pf-divide.svg` | VectorCraft contributors | Original work, drawn for VectorCraft | MIT OR Apache-2.0 |  |
@@ -265,6 +267,8 @@ Generated-in-code art is original and has no file to list. This covers the defau
 | `assets/icons/paintbrush.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |
 | `assets/icons/palette.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |
 | `assets/icons/pen-tool.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |
+| `assets/icons/pen-tool-add.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors; badge by VectorCraft contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0 `pen-tool`; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) | Lucide's pen-tool with a plus badge |
+| `assets/icons/pen-tool-delete.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors; badge by VectorCraft contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0 `pen-tool`; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) | Lucide's pen-tool with a minus badge |
 | `assets/icons/pencil.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |
 | `assets/icons/pilcrow.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |
 | `assets/icons/pin.svg` | Lucide Icons and Contributors | https://lucide.dev (lucide-static v1.49.0; header kept in file) | ISC (`assets/icons/LICENSE-lucide.txt`) |  |

CLAUDE.md

@@ -6,13 +6,19 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 
 ## Start every session here
 1. Read the [honest assessment in `ROADMAP.md`](ROADMAP.md#honest-assessment-2026-10-05): where we stand by dimension, **where we're lacking** (the prioritized gap list) and **where we're going**. Unless the user gives you a task, pick work from that list.
-2. Read `plan/STATUS.md` (local session notes, may lag the ROADMAP), then the task in `plan/execution-plan.md` §3 and the relevant `plan/architecture.md` section. Behaviour reference: `plan/illustrator/*.md`.
+2. Read `plan/STATUS.md` (local session notes, may lag the ROADMAP), then the task in `plan/execution-plan.md` §3 and the relevant `plan/architecture.md` section. Behaviour reference: public documentation only (see Clean-room below); `plan/illustrator/*.md` holds notes from it.
 3. Follow the autonomous operation protocol (`plan/execution-plan.md` §7): orient → plan → implement + test → verify → record → commit. Don't stop to ask unless §7 lists the decision as the user's.
 
 `plan/` is gitignored (local only).
 
 ## Non-negotiables
-- **Clean-room.** Never read, disassemble or copy anything inside the Illustrator bundle (names/listings only). Never copy Adobe icons, artwork, presets or wording beyond feature names. Behaviour comes from public docs and black-box observation of the running app with synthetic documents only (screenshots by window id, stored under `plan/illustrator/screenshots/`, never committed). Never copy GPL/AGPL code (Inkscape, lib2geom…).
+- **Clean-room: never use Adobe software (absolute rule, from the project owner).** Adobe's Terms of Use forbid reverse engineering, including observing a program's inputs and outputs to recreate it. So:
+  - Never launch, run, script, automate (COM, AppleScript, ExtendScript, UI automation), screenshot or measure Illustrator or any other Adobe application, and never compare our output against one. Don't make test files with them, not even "synthetic" ones.
+  - Never read, disassemble or copy anything inside an Adobe install (binaries, plug-ins, presets, procsets, resources, help files, fonts, ICC profiles).
+  - Never copy Adobe-authored code or text into this repo, tests included: no PostScript procsets or prologs (AGM, CoolType, the Illustrator prologs), no sample files. Write test inputs from scratch from the public specifications (PostScript Language Reference, PDF / ISO 32000, TIFF, EPSF/DCS).
+  - Behaviour comes only from public documentation (helpx, published specs, public forum posts), cited by URL, and from files users send us that they own (used locally, never committed). Never copy Adobe icons, artwork, presets or wording beyond feature names.
+  - If a task seems to need any of this, stop and say so instead. `cargo xtask cleanroom` (run by `cargo xtask ci`) fails on Adobe copyright notices and on fixtures made with Adobe applications.
+  - Never copy GPL/AGPL code (Inkscape, lib2geom…).
 - **Assets: no Adobe iconography or images — ever (absolute rule, from the project owner).**
   - Never add, copy, trace, redraw-from, embed or ship any icon, image, artwork, cursor, preset, swatch/brush/symbol/pattern/style library, ICC profile or screenshot from Adobe products or from any other source whose licence doesn't allow it.
   - Every image, icon, font or other asset must be one of:
@@ -44,7 +50,7 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 ## Running and looking at the app
 - `cargo run --release -p vectorcraft -- --control 7979 [file.svg|file.vectorcraft]` (sibling apps' agents use the same default port: if the log says it failed to bind, pick another port — otherwise your requests reach a different app).
 - Drive it: JSON lines on `127.0.0.1:7979`, e.g. `{"id":1,"method":"engine.execute","params":{"command":"shape.rectangle","params":{"x":10,"y":10,"width":100,"height":50}}}` then `{"id":2,"method":"ui.screenshot","params":{"path":"/tmp/shot.png"}}`. Methods: `crates/ui-egui/src/control.rs`.
-- **For UI work, look at the result** (take `ui.screenshot`, read the PNG) and compare with `plan/illustrator/02-ui-ux.md` / `10-observed-ui.md`. `ui.screenshot` needs a presented frame: if it errors (screen locked), check the art with `ui.render` / `vectorcraft-cli run … --export x.png`, and cover panels with a headless egui frame test (see `panels/transparency.rs` tests).
+- **For UI work, look at the result** (take `ui.screenshot`, read the PNG) and compare with the public documentation (`plan/illustrator/02-ui-ux.md` notes). `ui.screenshot` needs a presented frame: if it errors (screen locked), check the art with `ui.render` / `vectorcraft-cli run … --export x.png`, and cover panels with a headless egui frame test (see `panels/transparency.rs` tests).
 - **Performance:** `vectorcraft-cli perf` checks the budgets (render/pan/zoom, hit test, save/open, SVG, Pathfinder) on a synthetic 50k-path document; `vectorcraft-cli bench FILE` times one file. Run them before and after renderer, format or geometry changes, on an idle machine (the report warns when the load average makes timings noise).
 - MCP: `vectorcraft-cli mcp` (see `docs/mcp.md`).
 - Shell gotcha: `mv`/`cp` are aliased interactive here — use `/bin/mv -f` / `/bin/cp -f`.
@@ -53,5 +59,5 @@ Formerly **DrawCraft** (renamed 2026-10-01): old `.drawcraft` files and `"format
 ## Roadmap
 `ROADMAP.md` (committed) is the shared picture of where VectorCraft stands. It holds status, the honest assessment (by dimension, the gap list, the direction), milestones, the parity table and time-to-parity estimates.
 - When a task lands, update it in the same PR: the milestone row, the parity-table row (score, missing items, hours), "Shipped so far", and the gap list if the gap closed or shrank.
-- Grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exists. Scores are self-assessed, so err low.
+- Grade by behaviour against the public documentation (`plan/illustrator/` notes), not by whether a menu item exists. Scores are self-assessed, so err low.
 - Keep the README's Status section in step with the ROADMAP headline.

Cargo.lock

@@ -2283,9 +2283,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "muda"
-version = "0.21.0"
+version = "0.21.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c6744ab645ebe79f9c428455c7cb9dfa4275fa3b50a25408e08f927da8dc618c"
+checksum = "9a7b000cca0783af26837fe2ebd9ddf1c42279463c085b97622ee1d2f444b89e"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-channel",
  "dpi",
@@ -2294,7 +2294,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "objc2-app-kit 0.3.2",
  "objc2-core-foundation",
  "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
- "once_cell",
  "png 0.18.1",
  "thiserror 2.0.21",
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
@@ -2777,7 +2776,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7d8fae84b431384b68627d0f9b3b1245fcf9f46f6c0e3dc902e9dce64edd1967"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4297,7 +4296,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "arboard",
  "block2 0.6.2",
@@ -4313,15 +4312,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "rfd",
  "serde_json",
  "vectorcraft-engine",
+ "vectorcraft-text",
  "vectorcraft-ui-egui",
  "webbrowser",
+ "windows",
  "winit",
  "winresource",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-brush"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "serde",
@@ -4333,7 +4334,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-cad"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4349,8 +4350,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-cli"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "log",
  "serde_json",
  "vectorcraft-color",
  "vectorcraft-doc",
@@ -4361,11 +4363,13 @@ dependencies = [
  "vectorcraft-render",
  "vectorcraft-svg",
  "vectorcraft-testkit",
+ "vectorcraft-text",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-color"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "moxcms",
@@ -4377,7 +4381,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-doc"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "jpeg-encoder",
@@ -4394,7 +4398,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-effects"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4408,7 +4412,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-engine"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4440,7 +4444,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-eps"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4450,6 +4454,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "vectorcraft-doc",
  "vectorcraft-effects",
  "vectorcraft-geom",
+ "vectorcraft-metafile",
  "vectorcraft-render",
  "vectorcraft-testkit",
  "vectorcraft-text",
@@ -4457,7 +4462,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-format"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "proptest",
@@ -4471,7 +4476,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-geom"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "proptest",
@@ -4483,7 +4488,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-mcp"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "log",
@@ -4502,7 +4507,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-metafile"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4516,7 +4521,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-pathops"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
  "linesweeper",
@@ -4528,7 +4533,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-pdf"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "aes",
  "flate2",
@@ -4557,7 +4562,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-plugins"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
@@ -4571,7 +4576,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-render"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "gif",
@@ -4596,7 +4601,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-svg"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "flate2",
  "image",
@@ -4620,7 +4625,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-testkit"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4637,7 +4642,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-text"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "harfrust 0.13.3",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4655,7 +4660,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-tools"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4670,7 +4675,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-trace"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "image",
  "kurbo 0.13.1",
@@ -4683,7 +4688,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-ui-egui"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "egui",
  "egui_extras",
@@ -4712,7 +4717,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "vectorcraft-web"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "eframe",
  "egui",
@@ -5815,7 +5820,7 @@ checksum = "9440ea3e5aeabb0ac63af70daf835274065238cdd0cec83418f417eae38bacee"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "xtask"
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 dependencies = [
  "serde_json",
 ]

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ members = ["crates/*", "apps/*", "xtask"]
 default-members = ["crates/*", "apps/vectorcraft", "apps/vectorcraft-cli", "xtask"]
 
 [workspace.package]
-version = "0.4.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 rust-version = "1.95"

README.md

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
   <a href="#why-vectorcraft">Why VectorCraft</a> ·
   <a href="#quick-start">Quick start</a> ·
   <a href="#status">Status</a> ·
+  <a href="#downloads">Downloads</a> ·
   <a href="#the-crafting-apps">The Crafting Apps</a> ·
   <a href="#license-and-credits">License</a>
 </p>
@@ -162,9 +163,15 @@ Japanese fonts come from [storytold/craft-fonts](https://github.com/storytold/cr
 build input (releases always use it): `CRAFT_FONTS_DIR="$PWD/../craft-fonts" cargo run --release -p vectorcraft` (an absolute path).
 Without it, Japanese text uses the installed system fonts. See [`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#fonts-craft-fonts-optional-build-input).
 
-On laptops with two graphics processors, VectorCraft uses the power-saving (integrated) one by default.
-To use the discrete one, choose **Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor › High Performance**
-and restart, or start the app with `WGPU_POWER_PREF=high` (see [`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#desktop-graphics-processor)).
+On machines with two graphics processors, VectorCraft renders on the power-saving (integrated) one by default on
+Windows and macOS, and on the one the desktop runs on under Linux. To choose, use **Preferences › Performance ›
+Graphics Processor** and restart. If a graphics processor can't show the window, VectorCraft starts again on the
+next one. To pick one when starting the app, set `WGPU_POWER_PREF=high` (or `low`), or `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME` to part of
+its name, such as `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME=nvidia` (see [`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#desktop-graphics-processor)).
+
+On Linux under KDE Plasma 6.3 or later with Wayland, a drawing tablet's pen moves the cursor but VectorCraft doesn't
+respond to it yet (#491). Start the app under XWayland instead: `WAYLAND_DISPLAY= vectorcraft` (see
+[`docs/development.md`](docs/development.md#linux-wayland-and-x11)).
 
 ### Use it from Claude Code and other agents
 
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ milestones, and honest time-to-parity estimates.
 "a power user can't tell the difference". Everyday vector illustration is close to usable: drawing and path tools,
 Pathfinder and Shape Builder, paint, gradients, appearance and transparency, type with styles, threading and Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional layout, and
 files (SVG, PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` with PDF/X, EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, raster formats and PSD, Print, Package). The interface
-speaks English, Japanese, Traditional and Simplified Chinese and Spanish (and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese in the menus).
+speaks English, Japanese, Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Spanish, French, Italian and Russian (and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese in the menus).
 The scores are
 self-assessed, so the [honest assessment](ROADMAP.md#honest-assessment-2026-10-05) explains how far to trust them.
 
@@ -212,6 +219,51 @@ Agent and contributor rules (clean-room, the asset policy, no panics in shipped
 explains how VectorCraft avoids crashing, and [`docs/releasing.md`](docs/releasing.md) how releases are built,
 signed and published. Every bundled asset is listed with its licence in [`ASSETS.md`](ASSETS.md).
 
+## Downloads
+
+**New to VectorCraft?** Download it from the [VectorCraft page on getartcraft.com](https://getartcraft.com/apps/vectorcraft). That's the easiest way to install it.
+
+**Want a specific build or format?** On GitHub, the [latest release](https://github.com/storytold/vectorcraft/releases/latest) has every build listed below, and [all releases](https://github.com/storytold/vectorcraft/releases) has earlier versions and their notes. `<ver>` in the file names is the version number, and `SHA256SUMS.txt` lists a checksum for every file.
+
+### Windows
+
+| Build | Installer | Portable |
+|---|---|---|
+| x64 (64-bit Intel/AMD) | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-x64.msi` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-x64-portable.zip` |
+| arm64 (Snapdragon and other ARM PCs) | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-arm64.msi` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-arm64-portable.zip` |
+| x86 (32-bit) | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-x86.msi` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-windows-x86-portable.zip` |
+
+Installers and executables are code-signed.
+
+### macOS
+
+| Build | File | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| App, universal (Apple silicon + Intel) | `vectorcraft-<ver>-macos-universal.dmg` | Signed and notarized |
+| Command-line tool, universal | `vectorcraft-cli-<ver>-macos-universal.zip` | Signed and notarized |
+
+### Linux
+
+| Format | x86_64 | aarch64 (ARM64) | Notes |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| AppImage | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-x86_64.AppImage` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-aarch64.AppImage` | Runs anywhere; updates itself with [AppImageUpdate](https://github.com/AppImageCommunity/AppImageUpdate) (`.zsync` files) |
+| Flatpak | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-x86_64.flatpak` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-aarch64.flatpak` | Sandboxed; `flatpak install --user <file>` |
+| Debian/Ubuntu | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-x86_64.deb` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-aarch64.deb` | |
+| Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-x86_64.rpm` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-aarch64.rpm` | |
+| Tarball | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-x86_64.tar.gz` | `vectorcraft-<ver>-linux-aarch64.tar.gz` | Unpack anywhere |
+
+### FreeBSD
+
+| Build | File |
+|---|---|
+| x86_64 | `vectorcraft-<ver>-freebsd-x86_64.tar.gz` |
+
+### Web (WebAssembly)
+
+| Build | File | Notes |
+|---|---|---|
+| Static site | `vectorcraft-web-<ver>.zip` | Runs in a modern browser; host it on any static server |
+
 ## The Crafting Apps
 
 VectorCraft is one of the **Crafting Apps**: free, open-source creative tools from the

ROADMAP.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ VectorCraft is a clean-room, open-source, pure-Rust reimplementation of the Adob
 
 This file tracks **how far we are and what's left**. Time estimates are wall-clock hours of continuous Claude Opus 5.5 agent work (including builds and the CI gate), given both for **one agent** and for **4–6 parallel agents** on disjoint crates. They are counted from the remaining work (see [Parity estimate](#parity-estimate)), calibrated against measured throughput, and updated as work lands.
 
-_Last updated: 2026-10-08 (after M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7, the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging, the 2026-10-07 issue fixes, the Layers panel rework and the 2026-10-08 community contributions: Pen and shape-tool modifiers, path editing, Layers, Artboards, Swatches/Brushes and dialogs, Japanese composition and PDF text, Hebrew/Arabic type, interface languages (Spanish among them), the font menu, saved selections, MCP and EPS, the missing-font export warning (#319), open paths in the Shape Builder (#374), PDF/`.ai` import keeping strokes live and hidden and nested layers (#372), per-corner Live Corners (#381), SVG type opening at the size it draws at (#396), the Wayland clipboard with copied-file paste (#398), ruler guides that can be selected, moved and deleted (#414), two batches of Preferences options that were stored but unused (#394), skeleton reads with `document.find` for large documents over MCP (#416) and anchors dragged with Direct Selection snapping to points, segments and smart guides, clipped SVG layers opening as clipping layers (#420), PDF/`.ai` layers read on pages of tens of millions of operators (#419), Document Color Mode putting RGB greys on the black plate on request and converting pattern tiles (#421) and movable dialogs with Offset Path's Joins dropdown (#423) and numeric fields scrubbed by dragging their label (#400), stroke weight presets in the stroke unit (#426), the Appearance panel's Opacity popup (#430), type on a path brackets, flip and Type on a Path Options that keep the type in place (#429), Layers rows dragged with a ghost and dropped on the trash or New Layer (#435), tool flyouts opening on a right or corner press (#436), tool flyouts torn off into floating toolbars (#437), the Shape Builder's erase mode deleting edges too (#439), installed fonts registered outside the font folders and fonts installed while the app runs listed in the font menus (#443), alike circular corners on rectangles that aren't square (#442); see [Honest assessment](#honest-assessment-2026-10-05))._
+_Last updated: 2026-10-09 (after placed documents (File › Place of a `.vectorcraft` file, linked), M4.14–M4.98, M8.1–M8.20, M14.4–M14.7, the MCP prompts, resource templates, completions and logging, the 2026-10-07 issue fixes, the Layers panel rework and the 2026-10-08 community contributions: Pen and shape-tool modifiers, path editing, Layers, Artboards, Swatches/Brushes and dialogs, Japanese composition and PDF text, Hebrew/Arabic type, interface languages (Spanish among them), the font menu, saved selections, MCP and EPS, the missing-font export warning (#319), open paths in the Shape Builder (#374), PDF/`.ai` import keeping strokes live and hidden and nested layers (#372), per-corner Live Corners (#381), SVG type opening at the size it draws at (#396), the Wayland clipboard with copied-file paste (#398), ruler guides that can be selected, moved and deleted (#414), two batches of Preferences options that were stored but unused (#394), skeleton reads with `document.find` for large documents over MCP (#416) and anchors dragged with Direct Selection snapping to points, segments and smart guides, clipped SVG layers opening as clipping layers (#420), PDF/`.ai` layers read on pages of tens of millions of operators (#419), Document Color Mode putting RGB greys on the black plate on request and converting pattern tiles (#421) and movable dialogs with Offset Path's Joins dropdown (#423) and numeric fields scrubbed by dragging their label (#400), stroke weight presets in the stroke unit (#426), the Appearance panel's Opacity popup (#430), type on a path brackets, flip and Type on a Path Options that keep the type in place (#429), Layers rows dragged with a ghost and dropped on the trash or New Layer (#435), tool flyouts opening on a right or corner press (#436), tool flyouts torn off into floating toolbars (#437), the Shape Builder's erase mode deleting edges too (#439), installed fonts registered outside the font folders and fonts installed while the app runs listed in the font menus (#443), alike circular corners on rectangles that aren't square (#442), tool cursors as OS cursors so the pointer no longer trails over the canvas (#444), artboards copied and pasted with their art (#446), guides dragged out of the rulers snapping to the art's side midpoints and the artboards, artboard guides (#451), the toolbar's double arrow and Window › Toolbars › Double Column switching between one and two columns in any window height (#455), the Smart Guides display options and Snapping Tolerance (#394), Font Size and Leading combo boxes with preset lists in the Character and Properties panels and the Control bar (#458), screenshots pasted from the clipboard on macOS, Windows and the web (#457), the Properties panel's Fill and Stroke matching the Control bar's, Illustrator's Window menu panel keys (Shift+F7 for Align…) and Alt-wheel zoom whatever the wheel preference (Discord feedback), the point/area type widget (Discord feedback), groups in legacy Illustrator .ai files (Discord feedback), a rotating desktop log file (#465), image controls in the Control bar and Properties panel: Image Trace with its presets, Mask, Crop Image, Embed/Unembed, and an Image Trace object's preset, Expand and Release (Discord feedback), the Pen working as the Anchor Point tool with Alt held over a selected path's handles and anchors, and anchor buttons that convert, connect and cut paths at the selected anchors (Discord feedback), Japanese hanging punctuation (burasagari, #463), Escape leaving Presentation Mode with no screen mode saved across restarts, documents dropped on the desktop app opening as tabs of their own and a note that an `.ai` file's art off its artboards isn't in the part read (#472), Add/Delete Anchor Point tool icons drawn from the Pen tool's (#479), EPS import running more of PostScript Level 3 (patterns, Type 3 fonts, mesh shadings, masked images, VM and resource probes), and a preview that stands in saying why (Discord feedback, #466, #469, #474), chords with modifiers recorded in Edit › Keyboard Shortcuts (#487), Type Object Selection by Path Only (#394), Anti-aliased Artwork (#394), Show Pixel Grid (#394), pen and touch taps pressed and lifted within one frame clicking where they tapped and the Linux/Wayland pen-tablet workaround (#491), bounding-box resizes landing on the other objects' anchors and centres with labels, and the Rotate, Scale, Shear and Reflect tools snapping their drags (#482), Shift-drag marquees that toggle the objects or anchors they reach and a Lasso whose Alt subtraction keeps the rest of the selection (#483), the mouse wheel stepping the focused numeric field, the dialogs' and preferences' drag values made such fields (#485), Show The Home Screen When No Documents Are Open (#394), Numbers Without Units Are Points (#394), Auto-Collapse Iconic Panels (#394), the Contextual Task Bar moved by its handle and its More Options menu pinning and resetting its position, a designed macOS DMG windoLine truncated
 
 ## Where we are
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ since 2026-10-01.
 | Dimension | Estimate | Evidence and what's missing |
 |---|---|---|
 | **Breadth:** menus, tools and panels exist | ~90% | 13 menu items still stubbed; every tool implemented except Touch Type; 51 panel modules |
-| **Depth:** each feature behaves like Illustrator | ~69–75% | Strong: paint, appearance and colour (M3), Pathfinder and booleans, selection, drawing, files (M4). Weak: advanced type (~45%), brushes and symbols (in progress), raster effects (~20%) |
+| **Depth:** each feature behaves like Illustrator | ~69–75% | Strong: paint, appearance and colour (M3), Pathfinder and booleans, selection, drawing, files (M4). Weak: advanced type (~45%; inline symbols in text are beyond parity and don't raise it), brushes and symbols (in progress), raster effects (~20%) |
 | **Large missing subsystems** | 0–20% | 3D & Materials (0%), Photoshop-style raster effects and the Effect Gallery (~1 of ~56 filters), SVG Filters, CJK composition (vertical type with kinsoku, tate-chu-yoko and the font's vertical metrics; ruby, mojikumi and proportional vertical metrics open), Variables (data merge), scripting |
 | **Interaction fidelity:** modifiers, cursors, small behaviours | ~30–40% | The dedicated pass hasn't started, and there has been no side-by-side session with Illustrator yet. A power user notices this first |
 | **Look & feel** | ~75–80% | Measured against Illustrator 2026 screenshots (2026-10-02); the panels added since haven't been re-measured |
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ since 2026-10-01.
 | **Bundled content:** brush, symbol, style and swatch libraries | ~30% | Ours are original and generated in code, and far fewer than Illustrator ships; brush and symbol libraries are still missing |
 | **Performance** | unverified | Multithreaded, off-thread rendering and caches are in place. The last budget run (2026-10-01, loaded machine) measured 290 ms for a 50k-path fit against a 16 ms budget. Re-run `vectorcraft-cli perf` on an idle machine |
 | **Robustness** | good, new | ~2,840 tests, property tests, no panics in shipped code (lints, the `guard` safety net, import fuzzing), Data Recovery. Missing: a corpus of real-world files, Windows/Linux/browser QA |
-| **Platforms and 1.0 polish** | ~60% | The macOS app and the web build work, and Finder opens every readable format with the macOS app (#295, #354); hybrid-graphics laptops render on the power-saving GPU by default (#306); web drops land in the document they were dropped on (#359); a web page that loses its WebGPU device or WebGL context restarts its graphics with the same documents (#369); on Linux/Wayland the clipboard reads the compositor's own (data-control) and copied image files paste, but files can't be dropped on the window under Wayland until eframe moves to winit 0.31 (#398; the Wayland side is verified by compilation only); Windows/Linux packaging and accessibility are pending; an experimental, unsupported Windows 7 x64 OpenGL build exists (community-contributed, not verified by maintainers) |
+| **Platforms and 1.0 polish** | ~60% | The macOS app and the web build work, and Finder opens every readable format with the macOS app (#295, #354); on macOS the menus are in the system menu bar, laid out as a Mac app's, with the in-window menus as a fallback (`--in-window-menus`; verified on Windows and by cross-compilation, not yet by hand on a Mac); hybrid-graphics laptops render on the power-saving GPU by default on Windows and macOS (#306), and Windows renders through DX12 before Vulkan (#545: Vulkan flickered black on an Intel GPU, DX12 and OpenGL didn't; verified by unit tests and the reporter's runs with `WGPU_BACKEND`), and Linux on the GPU the desktop runs on, since a Wayland compositor may refuse frames from the other one; a window that fails on its GPU while starting up starts again on the next one instead of crashing (#502; the dual-GPU Wayland case is verified by unit tests and cross-compilation, not on such hardware); web drops land in the document they were dropped on (#359); desktop drops carry no pointer position (winit 0.30), so a dropped document opens as a tab of its own and a picture or text is placed in the middle of the view, while the web places anything dropped on the canvas and opens what is dropped off it, as Illustrator does (#472); a web page that loses its WebGPU device or WebGL context restarts its graphics with the same documents (#369); on Linux/Wayland the clipboard reads the compositor's own (data-control) and copied image files paste, but files can't be dropped on the window under Wayland until eframe moves to winit 0.31 (#398; the Wayland side is verified by compilation only); on Linux the Paste menu checks the system clipboard on a background thread, so a clipboard owner that never answers no longer freezes the window, while Windows and macOS keep their quick in-line check (#510; the X11 hang verified by the contributor, here by headless tests); on KDE Plasma 6.3+ under Wayland, pens and pen displays reach the app only under XWayland (`WAYLAND_DISPLAY=`) or with KWin's `KWIN_WAYLAND_EMULATE_TABLET=1`, since winit 0.30 has no Wayland tablet input (#491, not verified on hardware); Windows/Linux packaging and accessibility are pending; an experimental, unsupported Windows 7 x64 OpenGL build exists (community-contributed, not verified by maintainers) |
 | **Agent automation** | beyond Illustrator | Every command, gesture and dialog is drivable over MCP, the CLI and the control channel |
 | **Scrubby numeric fields** | beyond Illustrator | As in Photoshop, dragging a numeric field's label (`W:`, `Opacity:`, the Character panel's icons) left or right steps its value live; one undo step per drag, Escape cancels (#400) |
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ Ordered by how much each gap blocks someone from switching. Sizes are one-agent
 
 1. **Interaction fidelity:** go tool by tool and panel by panel against `plan/illustrator/05-tools.md`,
    `06-panels.md` and `09-shortcuts.md`, covering modifier keys, cursors, the Properties panel per context and
-   isolation mode. Do it side by side with Illustrator where the owner allows. 60–90 h.
+   isolation mode. The Shaper’s rough-square recognition and shape orientation steps are corrected; Shaper Groups now retain editable originals for region merges/punches and separate fill/stroke edits; their construction-mode widget and gesture refinements remain. 60–90 h.
 2. **Photoshop-style raster effects and the Effect Gallery:** about 55 filters (Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort,
    Pixelate, Sketch, Stylize, Texture, Video) on the raster pipeline that drop shadows already use, applied at
    Document Raster Effects Settings resolution. Parallelizes well across agents. 28–42 h.
@@ -60,9 +60,10 @@ Ordered by how much each gap blocks someone from switching. Sizes are one-agent
    renderer in its own crate (layering allows it below L6), with output in SVG/PDF as rasters or projected vectors.
    The largest single gap. 50–80 h.
 4. **Advanced type:** CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi, proportional vertical metrics, manual
-   tate-chu-yoko), Optical Margin Alignment, the composer/hyphenation options, tab leaders, a
+   tate-chu-yoko), Optical Margin Alignment, the hyphenation and justification options (the Every-line/Single-line
+   composer choice is done), tab leaders, a
    spell-check dictionary (open licence), Touch Type and Snap to Glyph. Vertical point, area and path type have
-   initial support. 35–48 h across type core and advanced.
+   initial support. 34–47 h across type core and advanced.
 5. **Brushes, symbols and libraries:** brush options depth; original brush, symbol and graphic-style libraries
    generated in code (never Adobe's); dynamic symbols; Start Global Edit; brushes driven by pen tilt, bearing and
    barrel rotation (6D art pens, #372), which needs tablet input beyond pressure on every platform. 20–32 h.
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ Ordered by how much each gap blocks someone from switching. Sizes are one-agent
 7. **Views and windows:** multiple windows and arrange, Consolidate All Windows, video
    rulers. 15–25 h.
 8. **Hardening at scale:** a corpus of real-world SVG/PDF/EPS files, idle-machine perf budgets, Windows, Linux and
-   browser QA, accessibility, packaging. 50–80 h.
+   browser QA, pen tablets on Wayland and pen pressure beyond Windows (winit 0.31's tablet input, #491), accessibility, packaging. 50–80 h.
 
 ### Where we're going
 
@@ -97,49 +98,55 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 - **UI:** Illustrator 2026 layout restyled to measured values:
   - Medium Dark theme, categorized and Advanced toolbars (a tool group's flyout opens on a right press, a long press or a press on its corner triangle), 35 pt document tabs, 33 pt panel tabs.
   - Hint bar, contextual task bar, 19 dock panels with ≡ menus.
+  - The contextual task bar's handle drags it anywhere on the canvas (kept whole on it as the window resizes); unpinned it keeps that offset as it follows the selection, and its More Options menu hides it, pins its position across selection changes (`window.taskBar.pin`), resets it under the selection (`window.taskBar.reset`) and shows the Properties panel. As in Illustrator the position isn't kept across launches. Not done: the bar's tool-specific variants (only the selection tools show it).
   - Tool flyouts tear off: dragging or clicking the tear-off bar on a flyout's right side (or releasing the long press over it) floats its group as a strip of tool buttons, moved by the same bar and put back in the toolbar by the × at its top (`window.floatTools`). While a group floats, the presses that would open its flyout raise the strip instead. Floating strips are kept with the preferences and in user workspaces. Not done: turning a strip vertical, docking it.
+  - Panels undock (#495): a dock tab, a panel icon or a popped-out panel's title dragged out of the dock floats that panel inside the window, and the strip right of the dock's tabs floats the whole tabbed group. A floating group moves by its title bar, a tab dragged out of it floats on its own, and dropped on another group's title bar or tabs it stacks with that group; dropped on the dock, which lights up under the pointer, its panels go back where they live (the tabbed group or the icon column), as its × and the panel menus' Float Panel / Dock Panel do (`window.panel.float`, `window.panel.dock`). The Tools panel floats by its title bar and docks again on the window's left edge. Floating panels and the Tools panel's position are kept with the preferences and in user workspaces, and clamped into a smaller window. Not done: panels in separate OS windows, docking a panel into a dock group it doesn't belong to, reordering tabs by dragging, collapsing a floating group to icons, resizing floating panels.
   - The dock's double arrow collapses Properties, Layers and Libraries to icons at the top of the icon column, popping out like the other icon panels, and expands them again (`window.collapseDock`, kept with the preferences and in saved workspaces). The icon column's own arrow (expanding the icon panels into a full column) is not done.
-  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Simplified Chinese (mainland), Japanese and Spanish ship complete, and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese cover every menu label (and more), with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows, Linux and the web (the browser's languages, or `?lang=`), a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
-  - Native macOS menu bar, vector tool cursors, a ⌘K command palette, middle-button panning with any tool.
-  - macOS: Finder opens every format File › Open reads with VectorCraft (double-click, Open With, a drop on the Dock icon, `open -a`), at launch or while it runs; the release and `cargo xtask bundle` apps share one `Info.plist` that declares those document types, owning only VectorCraft's own formats.
+  - Localised UI: menus (in-window and native), panels, dialogs, toolbar and Preferences read from per-language catalogs (`crates/ui-egui/src/i18n`, see `docs/development.md`); Traditional Chinese (Taiwan), Simplified Chinese (mainland), Japanese, Spanish, French, Italian and Russian ship complete, and Czech and Brazilian Portuguese cover every menu label (and more), with system-locale detection on macOS, Windows, Linux and the web (the browser's languages, or `?lang=`), a VectorCraft ▸ Language menu and a Language preference. Names are never translated (fonts and their styles, layers, artboards, saved presets, user libraries, custom workspaces, recent files, plug-ins).
+  - Native macOS menu bar, vector tool cursors, a ⌘K command palette, middle-button panning with any tool. Native menus explicitly end tracking on command selection, outside window presses and Escape; menu updates wait until tracking ends, and a dismissing press never starts a canvas gesture (M14.8).
+  - The macOS menu bar is built from the in-window menus (one model, `native_menu`) and laid out as a Mac app's: the VectorCraft menu holds About, Settings ▸ (each Preferences page, General… ⌘K), Language ▸, Appearance ▸ (UI brightness), Services, Hide VectorCraft ⌃⌘H (⌘H stays Hide Edges), Hide Others, Show All and Quit; Window gains Minimize ⌃⌘M, Zoom and Bring All to Front, and Help the system's search field. Its key equivalents go back to egui as key presses, so user shortcuts, focused text fields and the Type tool's input method behave as in the window, and nothing fires twice; enabled, check marks and labels update in place. `--in-window-menus` or `VECTORCRAFT_IN_WINDOW_MENUS=1` keeps the menus in the window; `ui.inspect` reports `nativeMenuBar`.
+  - macOS: Finder opens every format File › Open reads with VectorCraft (double-click, Open With, a drop on the Dock icon, `open -a`), at launch or while it runs; the release and `cargo xtask bundle` apps share one `Info.plist` that declares those document types, owning only VectorCraft's own formats. The DMG opens on a designed Finder window, VectorCraft.app beside the `Applications` link over a background with the app icon (#493).
   - A canvas context menu: right-click selects the object under the pointer and lists what applies to the selection (Undo/Redo, clipboard, group, isolation, join, Remove Anchor Points when anchors are selected, masks, compound paths, guides, Transform, Arrange, Select, Export Selection), or the view commands on empty canvas.
   - Save / Don't Save / Cancel before closing or quitting with unsaved documents (tabs, Close, Close All, Quit, window close).
   - Four brightness themes, persistent preferences.
-  - Preferences that act (#394, in part): Show Tool Tips, Double Click To Isolate, Zoom with Mouse Wheel (the wheel zooms about the pointer, Shift-wheel scrolls up and down, Cmd/Ctrl-wheel sideways), Use Precise Cursors; Selection & Anchor Display › Tolerance (objects, anchors and handles), Object Selection by Path Only, Command Click to Select Objects Behind (cycling down the stack), Zoom to Selection, anchor Size, Highlight anchors on mouse over; Type › Number of Recent Fonts (up to 15); Guides & Grid › guide and grid Color and Style (lines or dots) and Grids In Back. Then Snap to Point (its distance, for moves, drawn points and reference points), Move Locked and Hidden Artwork with Artboard, Enable Rubber Band for the Pen and Curvature tools, Handles style, Show handles when multiple anchors are selected, Hide Corner Widget for angles greater than; General › Transform Pattern Tiles (the transforms' and dialogs' Transform Patterns) and Select Same Tint %; Type › Size/Leading, Tracking and Baseline Shift increments (`type.step`, Cmd+Shift+. and Cmd+Shift+, for the size, the Type tool's Alt+arrows), Enable Missing Glyph Protection and Fill New Type Objects With Placeholder Text. They reach agents too (`prefs.set`, then `pointer_gesture` or `press_key`; `ui.wheel` on the control channel). About 45 stored options still do nothing yet (the rest of #394: Auto Size New Area Type, Show Font Names in English, Highlight Alternate Glyphs, the smart guide display options, performance, devices…).
+  - Preferences that act (#394, in part): Show Tool Tips, Double Click To Isolate, Zoom with Mouse Wheel (the wheel zooms about the pointer, Shift-wheel scrolls up and down, Cmd/Ctrl-wheel sideways; Alt/Option-wheel and a trackpad pinch zoom about the pointer either way), Use Precise Cursors; Selection & Anchor Display › Tolerance (objects, anchors and handles), Object Selection by Path Only, Command Click to Select Objects Behind (cycling down the stack), Zoom to Selection, anchor Size, Highlight anchors on mouse over; Type › Number of Recent Fonts (up to 15); Guides & Grid › guide and grid Color and Style (lines or dots) and Grids In Back. Then Snap to Point (its distance, for moves, drawn points and reference points), Move Locked and Hidden Artwork with Artboard, Enable Rubber Band for the Pen and Curvature tools, Handles style, Show handles when multiple anchors are selected, Hide Corner Widget for angles greater than; General › Transform Pattern Tiles (the transforms' and dialogs' Transform Patterns) and Select Same Tint %; Type › Size/Leading, Tracking and Baseline Shift increments (`type.step`, Cmd+Shift+. and Cmd+Shift+, for the size, the Type tool's Alt+arrows), Enable Missing Glyph Protection and Fill New Type Objects With Placeholder Text. Then Smart Guides › Color, Alignment Guides, Anchor/Path Labels, Measurement Labels, Transform Tools, Object Highlighting (with Smart Guides on) and Snapping Tolerance (4 px by default, for every smart guide snap), then Construction Guides and their Angles (#506: a drawn point near a line at one of those angles through the point it leaves from lands on it). Then Type › Type Object Selection by Path Only (type is picked on the baseline of any of its lines, area type's frame or the path of type on a path, no longer anywhere in its bounds; the Type tools and the Eyedropper still take a click among the characters). Then General › Anti-aliased Artwork (off, the canvas draws the art with hard edges). Then Guides & Grid › Show Pixel Grid (Above 600% Zoom), a line at every document pixel over the art in Pixel Preview, turning with a rotated view as the document grid now does too. Then General › Show The Home Screen When No Documents Are Open (off, closing the last document leaves an empty window; the Home button still opens the screen). Then Units › Numbers Without Units Are Points (on by default: a number typed with no unit into a field in picas is read in points, a typed unit still wins; dimmed unless a unit is Picas). Then User Interface › Auto-Collapse Iconic Panels (off by default: on, a click away from a panel popped out of the icon column puts it away). They reach agents too (`prefs.set`, then `pointer_gesture` or `press_key`; `ui.wheel` on the control channel). About 30 stored options still do nothing yet (the rest of #394: Auto Size New Area Type, Show Font Names in English, Highlight Alternate Glyphs, Spacing Guides, performance, devices…).
   - Dialogs move by dragging their heading (the band down from the top edge, as a title bar), stay on screen and keep where they were moved for the session; the form dialogs' choices are dropdowns (Offset Path's Joins, Average's and Shear's and Reflect's axis), and Offset Path lists Offset, Joins, Miter Limit and previews (#423).
-  - Dialogs open with their first field focused and its value selected: type a value and press Enter (Move, Rotate, Scale…). Number fields in panels and dialogs step with Up/Down (Shift: ten, Ctrl/Cmd: a tenth of their unit), applied at once.
+  - Dialogs open with their first field focused and its value selected: type a value and press Enter (Move, Rotate, Scale…). Number fields in panels, the Control bar and dialogs (preferences too) step with Up/Down, or with the mouse wheel over the focused field (#485: a notch a step; the panel under it then stays put, and an unfocused field leaves the wheel to scrolling) (Shift: ten, Ctrl/Cmd: a tenth of their unit), applied at once.
   - Scrubby labels (#400, beyond Illustrator, as in Photoshop): dragging a numeric field's label left or right (the ↔ cursor shows over it) steps the value one unit every 2 points (Shift: ten, Ctrl/Cmd: a tenth; counts stay whole), in the field's unit and within its limits, applied live as the art follows; the whole drag is one undo step and Escape puts the value back. A click on the label focuses the field; the text box itself never scrubs, and a field with no label doesn't. Text labels before a field (Transform, Properties, Control bar, Stroke, Transparency, form rows in dialogs) and the Character and Paragraph panels' icons act as labels. Preferences › General › Scrub Numeric Fields by Dragging (on by default) turns it off.
+  - The Control bar's underlined Transform link opens the Transform panel in a popover under it (reference point, X/Y/W/H, Rotate and Shear with their icons and angle presets, flips, shape properties, Scale Corners and Scale Strokes & Effects), as its Stroke link does the Stroke panel; X/Y/W/H also show inline while the bar has room. The reference point locator is nine squares, the outer eight joined around the box.
   - Tab shows and hides the panels (in the Type tool it types a tab) without moving the keyboard focus onto a field, so the next shortcut or letter still works; in dialogs and panel fields it moves between fields.
-  - Cmd/Ctrl+A follows the keyboard: in a panel, dialog or search field it selects the field's text, while the Type tool edits it selects all of that text (also `select.all` over MCP), and only otherwise every object. On macOS the menu bar's Select All, Cut, Copy and Paste (keys or clicks) act on a focused field too. Not yet: Select All across threaded frames (one frame's text is selected).
+  - Cmd/Ctrl+A follows the keyboard: in a panel, dialog or search field it selects the field's text, while the Type tool edits it selects all of that text (also `select.all` over MCP), and only otherwise every object. On macOS the menu bar's Select All, Cut, Copy and Paste (keys or clicks) act on a focused field too, and elsewhere the in-window menus' do: the field that had the keyboard when the menu opened gets them, with its selection, and the keyboard back (#516). Not yet: Select All across threaded frames (one frame's text is selected).
   - On Windows and Linux the app bar is the window's title bar (its own minimize, maximize and close buttons, drag to move, edges to resize), with the dragon app icon as the brand mark; dialogs and menus size to their content. As on a native menu bar, once one menu is open, moving the pointer onto another title opens that one.
 - **Tools:**
-  - **Selection:** Selection, Direct/Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso. Dragging a path segment with Direct Selection bends it when it's curved (its anchors stay) and moves its two anchors when it's straight, one undo step; the fill, Shift or Alt still pick the whole path (Alt-drag copies it).
+  - **Shaper:** uneven squares and rectangles become live rectangles even when drawing begins mid-edge. Recognition uses uniformly spaced samples and closed-loop corners, fits rectangle edges/angles rather than requiring a nearly perfect bounding-box fill, and includes the pointer-release position. Rectangles/squares and ellipses snap to 45° steps, hexagons to 90°, and triangles point up or down; lines keep their free angle even with Shift. Shaper Groups retain the live originals, merge regions with the gesture-origin fill, punch fills independently from strokes, remove boundaries on exiting scribbles and trim protruding stroke pieces. Source moves/resizes re-evaluate the result in the same undo step; double-click enters construction editing. Native save/reopen, face recoloring, Release and Expand are covered. The construction-mode widget and finer gesture heuristics remain.
+  - **Selection:** Selection, Direct/Group Selection, Magic Wand, Lasso. A Shift-drag marquee toggles what it reaches: objects with the Selection tool, anchors with Direct and Group Selection (#483); the Lasso adds with Shift and subtracts with Alt. Dragging a path segment with Direct Selection bends it when it's curved (its anchors stay) and moves its two anchors when it's straight, one undo step; the fill, Shift or Alt still pick the whole path (Alt-drag copies it).
   - **Saved selections:** Select ▸ Save Selection… asks for a name and keeps the selection in the document (saved with the file, undoable, up to 25); each one is listed at the bottom of the Select menu and a click selects its objects again; Edit Selection… lists them to rename or delete, applied together on OK. A file's saved selections are capped and checked against its objects when it opens. Not yet: Update Selection and the Layers panel's saved-selection menu.
-  - **Drawing:** Pen, Curvature, anchor tools, Pencil, Paintbrush, Blob Brush, Smooth, Path Eraser, Join. Direction handles dragged with Direct Selection or the Anchor Point tool snap to smart guides, and Shift keeps them at 45° steps from their anchor.
+  - **Drawing:** Pen, Curvature, anchor tools, Pencil, Paintbrush, Blob Brush, Smooth, Path Eraser, Join. Direction handles dragged with Direct Selection or the Anchor Point tool snap to smart guides, and Shift keeps them at 45° steps from their anchor. Every point a drawing tool places snaps to Smart Guides through one snapper (#506): the Pen's and Curvature tool's anchors, the Pencil's ends, the shape tools' start and dragged corner or radius (Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Star, Line Segment, Arc, Spiral, the grids), the Type tool's click and frame, a new artboard's corners.
   - **Shapes:** all shape tools (including Flare) and the line, arc, spiral and grid tools. Space held while dragging out a shape, line, arc, spiral or grid moves it at its current size. While a grid is dragged out, Up/Down change its rows (concentric dividers) and Left/Right its columns (radial dividers).
   - **Cutting:** Eraser, Scissors, Knife, Mirror & Cut, Line Cut and Rectangle Cut (real geometry, compound paths keep their holes).
   - **Transform:** Rotate, Reflect, Scale, Shear (click or Alt-click snaps the reference point to anchors and centres; Alt-click opens the tool's dialog, and a drag with Alt down at the release, from the press or pressed mid-drag, transforms a copy), Reshape, Free Transform (free and perspective distort and shear, switched by the keys held during a handle drag).
-  - **Live Corners:** drag a live rectangle's corner widgets (Selection or Direct Selection) to round all corners, with a radius readout; with Direct Selection, select corner anchors to show and round just those corners (#381). Each corner keeps its own radius and kind (Round, Inverted Round, Chamfer): Alt-click a widget to cycle the kind, double-click it for the Corners dialog, and the Properties and Transform radius fields set the selected corners (`object.setLiveShape {corners, radius, kind}`). Corners stay circular when the rectangle is scaled unevenly or along its own sides when rotated (the radius keeps its size, or scales by the mean scale with Scale Corners on); only a shear distorts them. On a rectangle that isn't square every corner is the same circle: a radius past half the shorter side stops there for all of them, the widgets sit on the corners as drawn and turn the edited corners red at that limit, CSS export writes the drawn radii, and rectangles saved stretched by older versions get circular corners when their corners are next set (#442).
-  - **Pen:** Alt pressed in the middle of dragging out an anchor splits its handles and keeps the curve already shaped into it (only the outgoing handle follows the pointer); Space held while dragging out an anchor moves it, handles and all. Clicking the last anchor of the path being drawn retracts its outgoing handle (convert cursor), and dragging from it pulls out a new one on its own. Auto Add/Delete: over a selected path, a click on a segment adds an anchor and a click on an anchor deletes it (add and delete cursors); Shift held, or Preferences › General › Disable Auto Add/Delete, starts a new path instead.
+  - **Live Corners:** drag a live rectangle's corner widgets (Selection or Direct Selection) to round all corners, with a radius readout; with Direct Selection, select corner anchors to show and round just those corners (#381). Each corner keeps its own radius and kind (Round, Inverted Round, Chamfer): Alt-click a widget to cycle the kind, double-click it for the Corners dialog, and the Properties and Transform radius fields set the selected corners (`object.setLiveShape {corners, radius, kind}`). Corners stay circular when the rectangle is scaled unevenly or along its own sides when rotated (the radius keeps its size, or scales by the mean scale with Scale Corners on); only a shear distorts them. On a rectangle that isn't square every corner is the same circle: a radius past half the shorter side stops there for all of them, the widgets sit on the corners as drawn and turn the edited corners red at that limit, CSS export writes the drawn radii, and rectangles saved stretched by older versions get circular corners when their corners are next set (#442). Live Corners work on any path's corners too, as on a rectangle's (#511): a star's, a live polygon's (which also shows them to the Selection tool, has a Corner Radius field in the Properties and Transform panels and keeps its radius as its sides change) and a pen path's, wherever two straight sides meet at an anchor. Direct Selection shows the widgets of every corner, or of the corners holding selected anchors; each corner is a circle tangent to both sides, drawn no larger than takes its cut halfway along its shorter side; a path keeps its uncut outline so its corners stay editable, and the same command, dialog, angle preference and View › Hide Corner Widget apply.
+  - **Pen:** Alt pressed in the middle of dragging out an anchor splits its handles and keeps the curve already shaped into it (only the outgoing handle follows the pointer); Space held while dragging out an anchor moves it, handles and all. A press on the first anchor of the path being drawn closes it whatever the drag then does: the drag shapes the closing curve (symmetric handles, Alt breaks them) and the release closes the path wherever it ends (#501). Clicking the last anchor of the path being drawn retracts its outgoing handle (convert cursor), and dragging from it pulls out a new one on its own. Auto Add/Delete: over a selected path, a click on a segment adds an anchor and a click on an anchor deletes it (add and delete cursors); Shift held, or Preferences › General › Disable Auto Add/Delete, starts a new path instead. Alt held over a handle end or an anchor of a selected path (the one being drawn too) works as the Anchor Point tool, with its convert cursor: dragging a handle moves it alone, clicking a smooth anchor makes it a corner, dragging an anchor pulls out new symmetric handles, dragging a segment reshapes it; drawing then goes on. Cmd (Ctrl) held drags with the selection tool chosen last, Direct Selection until one is (handles, anchors and segments of the path being drawn or another), and the Pen then goes on drawing its path while that stays selected; the pointer shows that tool's while Cmd is held. The same holds for agents (`pointer_gesture` with `mods.cmd`), as the borrowing now lives in the engine (#494).
+  - **Path editing (#494):** the handles shown are the handles that drag: Direct Selection drags those of a path selected as a whole (as the Pen leaves it), the Anchor Point tool and Pen+Alt no longer grab handles that Show handles when multiple anchors are selected hides, a handle shorter than the tolerance leaves its anchor to be picked, and the anchor tools pick within Selection & Anchor Display › Tolerance. A dragged segment keeps a smooth anchor at either end smooth. With Direct Selection, the Pen, the Curvature and the anchor tools, a path selected as a whole shows all its anchors selected, and the Control bar and the Properties panel offer Convert (corner, smooth) for them too; Remove and Cut wait for anchors direct-selected (#504). A handle drag gathers its snap targets once per drag (it took 21 ms per pointer move on a 20,000-path document, now 1 ms; `vectorcraft-cli perf` measures handle and segment drags on a 5,000-anchor path).
   - **Graphs:** Column, Stacked Column, Bar, Stacked Bar, Line, Area, Scatter, Pie and Radar graph tools with Graph Data and Graph Type.
-  - **Other:** Eyedropper, Gradient annotator, Artboard (Alt-drag duplicates an artboard, and its art with Move/Copy Artwork with Artboard on), Measure, Type, Hand, Zoom, Rotate View.
+  - **Other:** Eyedropper, Gradient annotator, Artboard (Alt-drag duplicates an artboard, and its art with Move/Copy Artwork with Artboard on; Copy, Cut and Paste take the artboard with its art, Paste right of the last artboard, Paste in Place where it was, into this or another document, #446), Measure, Type, Hand, Zoom, Rotate View.
   - **Editing type:** double-clicking type with a selection tool switches to the Type tool with the caret where it was clicked.
   - **Temporary tools:** Cmd with any other tool drags with the selection tool used last (Selection, Direct Selection or Group Selection). Held Space pans and Cmd+Space zooms (Cmd+Alt+Space out) whatever the tool.
   - **Panel drag and drop:** art dragged off the canvas onto the Symbols panel becomes a symbol, onto the Swatches panel a pattern swatch and onto the Brushes panel an Art brush; a symbol dragged onto the canvas places an instance where it is dropped, and a brush dragged onto a path is applied to it.
   - **Tool double-clicks:** double-clicking a tool's button opens its options: Hand fits the artboard in the window, Zoom shows 100 %, Rotate, Scale, Reflect and Shear open their Object › Transform dialogs, the Selection, Direct Selection and Group Selection tools the Move dialog (Enter opens these seven tools' dialogs too), Gradient, Eyedropper, Blend and the Liquify tools their panels or options, and the Pencil, Paintbrush, Smooth, Blob Brush and Eraser tools their Tool Options (Fidelity, fill, the tolerances, the brush size).
-- **Layers panel:** every layer, sublayer, group and object is a clickable row at any depth: a click highlights it and makes its layer current (new art goes there), Shift-click a range, Ctrl/Cmd-click toggles. Sublayers are no longer treated as objects: clicks, marquees, Select All and the Select menu take the art inside them, and each sublayer selects in its own colour. Selection squares on rows with selected art (click selects a row's art, Shift adds or removes; dragging the square moves the selection to another row, Alt copies), the eye and lock on every row with drag-down-the-column (one undo step), Ctrl/Cmd-click an eye for per-layer Outline, Alt-click an eye or lock to hide or lock the other layers (again: show or unlock them all), triangles with Alt to open or close everything inside, drag and drop rows above, below or into layers and groups with a drop line (Alt copies) and a dimmed copy of the row under the pointer (dropped on the trash rows are deleted, on New Layer duplicated, as in Illustrator), inline rename, Delete key on highlighted rows. Buttons and the full panel menu: New Layer/Sublayer (Alt: options, Ctrl: on top), Duplicate, Delete, Options for Selection, clipping mask, isolation, Locate Object, Merge Selected, Flatten Artwork, Collect in New Layer, Release to Layers (Sequence and Build), Reverse Order, Template, Hide/Outline/Lock Others and Show/Preview/Unlock All, Paste Remembers Layers, Panel Options (row size, thumbnails per kind, Show Layers Only). Layer Options: name, colour (presets, each with a chip of its colour, or custom), Template, Lock, Show, Print, Preview (outline drawing and clicking) and Dim Images to %. Every operation is a command (`layer.move`, `layer.highlight`, `layer.merge`…) with validation against cycles and invalid nesting.
-- **Drawing aids:** Smart Guides and snapping (moving, with the Selection, Group Selection or Direct Selection tool, and resizing by the bounding-box handles: the dragged edges align with the other objects; anchors dragged with Direct Selection: the one pressed on lands on other anchors, its own path's that stay put among them, on path segments or in line with them, the others following, Shift keeps 45° steps, and with Smart Guides off Snap to Point pulls it onto anchors; the Artboard tool snaps artboards, and their bleed, to other artboards, bleeds and art, the grid or whole pixels while moving, copying and resizing them, and the Transform panel shows and edits the active artboard's X/Y/W/H), guides dragged out of the rulers (Shift snaps them to the ruler's ticks) that the Selection, Direct Selection and Group Selection tools then pick and drag (#414: the selected guides highlight and move together, Alt copies them, Shift snaps the dragged one to the ticks, otherwise it snaps to pixels, the grid or the art's edges, centres and anchors; the arrow keys nudge them, Delete deletes them, dragging one back onto its ruler deletes it, Lock Guides and Hide Guides leave them alone; `guide.list`, `guide.select`, `guide.move` and `guide.remove` reach agents), and Draw Normal / Behind / Inside modes.
-- **Views:** the status bar's artboard navigator (first, previous, next, last; `view.goToArtboard`) goes to an artboard and fits it, and Fit Artboard in Window and Actual Size show the navigator's artboard. The Artboards panel highlights that active artboard: clicking a row makes it active (the Artboard tool's too, while it is chosen) as does clicking an artboard with the Artboard tool, double-clicking its number also fits it in the window and double-clicking its name renames it.
+- **Layers panel:** every layer, sublayer, group and object is a clickable row at any depth: a click highlights it and makes its layer current (new art goes there), Shift-click a range, Ctrl/Cmd-click toggles. Sublayers are no longer treated as objects: clicks, marquees, Select All and the Select menu take the art inside them, and each sublayer selects in its own colour. Selection squares on rows with selected art (click selects a row's art, Shift adds or removes; dragging the square moves the selection to another row, Alt copies), the eye and lock on every row with drag-down-the-column (one undo step), Ctrl/Cmd-click an eye for per-layer Outline, Alt-click an eye or lock to hide or lock the other layers (again: show or unlock them all), triangles with Alt to open or close everything inside, drag and drop rows above, below or into layers and groups with a drop line (Alt copies) and a dimmed copy of the row under the pointer (dropped on the trash rows are deleted, on New Layer duplicated, as in Illustrator), inline rename, Delete key on highlighted rows. Buttons and the full panel menu: New Layer/Sublayer (Alt: options, Ctrl: on top), Duplicate, Delete, Options for Selection, clipping mask, isolation, Locate Object, Merge Selected, Flatten Artwork, Collect in New Layer, Release to Layers (Sequence and Build), Reverse Order, Template, Hide/Outline/Lock Others and Show/Preview/Unlock All, Paste Remembers Layers, Panel Options (row size, thumbnails per kind, Show Layers Only). Layer Options: name, colour (presets, each with a chip of its colour, or custom), Template, Lock, Show, Print, Preview (outline drawing and clicking) and Dim Images to %. Every operation is a command (`layer.move`, `layer.highlight`, `layer.merge`…) with validation against cycles and invalid nesting. A document opens with only its top-level layers open; the rows left open are saved in the native file (nothing is written for the default) and reopen that way. Only the rows scrolled into view are laid out, from a row list made once per change: a layer of 5,000 groups of 10 paths, all open, draws the panel in 0.4 ms a frame instead of about 29 s (#638).
+- **Drawing aids:** Smart Guides and snapping (moving, with the Selection, Group Selection or Direct Selection tool, and resizing by the bounding-box handles with the Selection or Free Transform tool, Shift and Alt too: the dragged corner or side lands on the other objects' anchors and centres ("anchor", "center") or lines up with their edges and centres (a line and "align"); the Rotate, Scale, Shear and Reflect tools drag from the anchor they grab and snap the pointer the same way, so a corner dragged onto another object's anchor scales exactly onto it, #482; anchors dragged with Direct Selection: the one pressed on lands on other anchors, its own path's that stay put among them, on path segments or in line with them, the others following, Shift keeps 45° steps, and with Smart Guides off Snap to Point pulls it onto anchors; the Artboard tool snaps artboards, and their bleed, to other artboards, bleeds and art, the grid or whole pixels while moving, copying and resizing them, and the Transform panel shows and edits the active artboard's X/Y/W/H; drawn points, #506: hovering shows where the press goes, the point lands on the other objects' anchors, centres and paths ("anchor", "center", "path") or lines up with their anchors, edges and centres ("align"), the Pen's on the path being drawn too, near a construction guide through the anchor before it on that guide (Preferences › Smart Guides › Construction Guides and Angles), and with Shift kept to its 45° step or a square's diagonal it slides along that way into line; the targets are gathered once per document state, from the art in the window, and the anchors, centres and lines near the pointer are found by bisection, so hovering never rescans the document), guides dragged out of the rulers (#451: they snap as moved guides do, Shift to the ruler's ticks; with the Artboard tool they are artboard guides, which run across their artboard only and move, copy and delete with it, `guide.add {artboard}`) that the Selection, Direct Selection and Group Selection tools then pick and drag (#414: the selected guides highlight and move together, Alt copies them, Shift snaps the dragged one to the ticks, otherwise it snaps to pixels, the grid or the edges, centres (so the sides' midpoints) and anchors of the art and the artboards, or with Smart Guides off Snap to Point pulls it onto anchors; the arrow keys nudge them, Delete deletes them, dragging one back onto its ruler deletes it, Lock Guides and Hide Guides leave them alone; `guide.list`, `guide.select`, `guide.move` and `guide.remove` reach agents), a right-click on either ruler or the origin box to pick the document's units (the current one checked; `document.setUnits`, one undo step, #528), and Draw Normal / Behind / Inside modes.
+- **Views:** the status bar's artboard navigator (first, previous, next, last; `view.goToArtboard`) goes to an artboard and fits it, and Fit Artboard in Window and Actual Size show the navigator's artboard. The Artboards panel highlights that active artboard: clicking a row makes it active (the Artboard tool's too, while it is chosen) as does clicking an artboard with the Artboard tool, double-clicking its number also fits it in the window and double-clicking its name renames it. Duplicate Artboards, or a row dragged onto New Artboard, copies the artboard with its art (#446). Escape leaves Presentation Mode, F from it goes back to Normal Screen Mode, and the screen mode isn't saved with the preferences: the app always starts in Normal Screen Mode with its menus and panels (#472). View › Pixel Preview shows the art as the document pixels it rasterizes to, one per point and hard-edged when magnified, turning with a rotated view (it used to draw the smooth vectors, with only the pixel grid over them).
 - **Geometry and effects:**
-  - Pathfinder (10 exact curve booleans), Offset, Outline Stroke, Simplify, Clean Up, Split Into Grid, Divide Objects Below. Object › Path › Remove Anchor Points (`path.removeAnchors`) removes the direct-selected anchors without opening their paths (the Delete key still deletes them with their segments): the neighbours keep their handle directions and their facing handles are refitted so one cubic follows the two old segments, and straight sides stay straight. The Delete Anchor Point tool uses the same refit. The Control bar, the contextual task bar, the Properties quick actions and the canvas context menu offer it when anchors are selected.
+  - Pathfinder (10 exact curve booleans), Offset, Outline Stroke, Simplify, Clean Up, Split Into Grid, Divide Objects Below. Object › Path › Remove Anchor Points (`path.removeAnchors`) removes the direct-selected anchors without opening their paths (the Delete key still deletes them with their segments): the neighbours keep their handle directions and their facing handles are refitted so one cubic follows the two old segments, and straight sides stay straight. The Delete Anchor Point tool uses the same refit. The Control bar, the contextual task bar, the Properties quick actions and the canvas context menu offer it when anchors are selected. With anchors selected, the Control bar and the Properties panel also convert them to corner or smooth (`path.convertAnchors`), connect end points (Join) and cut the path at them (`path.cutAtAnchors`, also on the task bar and the context menu): a closed path opens there and an open one becomes one path per piece, each cut leaving one of its two coincident anchors selected so a drag pulls the path apart.
   - Live effects with previewing dialogs: Distort & Transform, Path, Convert to Shape, 15 Warp styles, Round Corners, Scribble, Effect → Pathfinder (all 10 operations, live on groups; several loose objects are grouped first, in one undo step), Color Adjustments (Brightness/Contrast, Curves, Levels, Hue/Saturation, Shift to Color, Temperature/Tint, on vectors, live type and embedded images), and raster drop shadow, glows and feather. SVG and PDF export keep live effects (geometry baked; SVG raster effects as filters).
-- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity) and Options (Flip, Align to Path, Spacing; OK keeps the type where it is), type on a path's start, centre and end brackets (Selection and Direct Selection drag them to set where the type runs, slide it along its path and, across the path, flip it: #429), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline. Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done. Hebrew and Arabic are laid out right to left with the Unicode bidirectional algorithm (embedded Latin and numbers keep their direction, lines put in visual order after wrapping) in point, area and path type, with caret, selection and arrow keys in visual order; each paragraph's direction comes from its first strong character unless Paragraph Direction sets it (Paragraph panel with Show Indic Options, `text.setFormat {direction}`), and new type aligns to the start of its direction. SVG export outlines right-to-left text.
-- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese and Spanish (neutral international Spanish, for every `es-*` locale) cover the whole interface, Czech and Brazilian Portuguese every menu label, Brazilian Portuguese the shell's `tl!` literals too (tested); Spanish also translates status-bar and error messages as they are shown (`@msg` templates, every message literal tested; the messages themselves stay English for agents); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech and Spanish ones from the bundled UI fonts. The web app follows the browser's languages (or `?lang=`). The Basic toolbar's Type button holds Vertical Type in its flyout. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese, and justified Japanese lines spread their room between characters (not inside Latin words); Paragraph panel › Mojikumi Set (shown with Preferences › Type › Show East Asian Options, `text.setFormat {mojikumi}`): None or Line-end Punctuation Half Width (new type's default, as in Illustrator; older documents and imported text keep None) shares one half-em space between consecutive punctuation, sets a closing mark ending a line half width and an opening bracket starting a wrapped line flush with its start, and puts a quarter em between Japanese and Latin letters or digits; Paragraph panel menu › Top-to-Top / Bottom-to-Bottom Leading measures leading from em box top to top (area type's first line touches the frame) or from baseline to baseline; Character panel menu › Character Alignment (with the East Asian options; `text.setFormat` or `text.setRangeStyle {charAlign}`) lines characters smaller than the largest on their line up on the Roman baseline or the em box top/right, centre or bottom/left (ICF top and bottom not yet); Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
+- **Type:** Text Wrap, Type on a Path effects (Rainbow/Skew/3D Ribbon/Stair Step/Gravity) and Options (Flip, Align to Path, Spacing; OK keeps the type where it is), type on a path's start, centre and end brackets (Selection and Direct Selection drag them to set where the type runs, slide it along its path and, across the path, flip it: #429), Character and Paragraph Styles (override-preserving redefine), paragraph attributes per paragraph (alignment, indents, spacing, hyphenation, hanging punctuation, tab stops, paragraph style, direction, mojikumi and leading model; the Paragraph, Tabs and Paragraph Styles panels act on the paragraphs the Type tool's selection or caret touches, Return continues the paragraph's style, threads and SVG keep them), Area Type Options (rows/columns/inset/first baseline, vertical Align Top/Center/Bottom/Justify per row/column, reflowing non-rectangular frames and text wrap), threaded text across any closed shapes, Fit Headline, the Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text (paragraph-wide breaks for an even rag, Single-line per object from the Paragraph panel menu or `text.setFormat {composer}`). Area type resizes like Illustrator's type areas: a bounding-box handle drag (Selection tool) or Area Type Options Width/Height size the frame and the text reflows at its size (threads too); Direct Selection drags a frame corner or edge (`text.reshapeArea`). Point type still scales. Auto Size: the frame height follows the text after every edit, in the same undo step (rectangular frames of horizontal type in one row; columns get the least height that holds them; a height set by hand or threading turns it off), and the "Auto Size New Area Type" preference gives it to new area type. Shrink Text to Fit (beyond Illustrator): overflowing area type scales its sizes, leading and baseline shifts down by the largest factor (in 0.1 pt steps of the first run, down to a minimum percentage) that fits, at layout time so every export sees it. `text.areaOptions` and `document.inspect` report overflow and the shrink factor. The Selection tool shows the type widget beside selected type's bounding box (hollow on point type, filled on area type); double-clicking it converts between them (Type › Convert To Area Type / Convert To Point Type), keeping the text and its styles in place. Variable fonts list every named instance as a style of their family (Figtree Light to Black and their italics, Bahnschrift, Segoe UI Variable), and the instance chosen is shaped, drawn, outlined and measured at its axis settings; PDF and SVG embed it as that instance. Variation axis sliders are not done. Beyond Illustrator: inline graphics (`text.insertInline`, Type ▸ Insert Inline Symbol) set a document symbol in a run of type as one character that flows, wraps and justifies like a glyph (InDesign-style inline objects, e.g. mana symbols in card rules text): sized to a multiple of the font size, centred on the cap height, opening up tall lines, following Redefine Symbol; a character of its run's size for Character Alignment and Top-to-Top leading, placed by the bidi reordering in right-to-left text (a neutral U+FFFC); drawn on the canvas, kept as live text plus a `<use>` in SVG and as vector art in PDF; Backspace removes it whole. Hebrew and Arabic are laid out right to left with the Unicode bidirectional algorithm (embedded Latin and numbers keep their direction, lines put in visual order after wrapping) in point, area and path type, with caret, selection and arrow keys in visual order; each paragraph's direction comes from its first strong character unless Paragraph Direction sets it (Paragraph panel with Show Indic Options, `text.setFormat {direction}`), and new type aligns to the start of its direction. SVG export outlines right-to-left text. Font Size and Leading are combo boxes in the Character and Properties panels (Font Size in the Control bar too, beside the Character link, font family and style): type, step with ↑/↓ or the spinner, scrub the label, or pick a preset (6–72 pt, shown in the type unit; Leading also Auto), each pick one undo step; Kerning and Tracking list -100…200; a size, leading, kerning or tracking the selected text doesn't share shows blank (#458).
+- **Interface languages, vertical type:** VectorCraft ▸ Language (or Preferences ▸ User Interface) picks Automatic (the system locale) or a registered language, persisted as `interfaceLanguage`. Translations come from per-language catalogs (`i18n/*.tsv`): Traditional and Simplified Chinese, Japanese, Spanish (neutral international Spanish, for every `es-*` locale), French (every `fr-*` locale), Italian (every `it-*` locale) and Russian (every `ru-*` locale) cover the whole interface, Czech and Brazilian Portuguese every menu label, Brazilian Portuguese the shell's `tl!` literals too (tested); Spanish, French, Italian and Russian also translate status-bar and error messages as they are shown (`@msg` templates, every message literal tested; the messages themselves stay English for agents); untranslated text stays English. Japanese and Chinese glyphs come from the craft-fonts build input (release builds) or the installed fonts, Czech, Spanish, French, Italian and Russian ones from the bundled UI fonts. The web app follows the browser's languages (or `?lang=`). The Basic toolbar's Type button holds Vertical Type in its flyout. Vertical Type, Vertical Area Type and Vertical Type on a Path create vertical text (columns right to left, upright CJK glyphs and marks with `vert` alternates, Latin and longer numbers on their side, two- and three-digit numbers set as tate-chu-yoko in one em of the column (kept whole when justified), upright glyphs centred on the column (tracked or justified too), point type's anchor on the first column's centre line); kinsoku (the strict set) applies to horizontal and vertical Japanese, and justified Japanese lines spread their room between characters (not inside Latin words); Paragraph panel › Mojikumi Set (shown with Preferences › Type › Show East Asian Options, `text.setFormat {mojikumi}`): None or Line-end Punctuation Half Width (new type's default, as in Illustrator; older documents and imported text keep None) shares one half-em space between consecutive punctuation, sets a closing mark ending a line half width and an opening bracket starting a wrapped line flush with its start, and puts a quarter em between Japanese and Latin letters or digits; Paragraph panel menu › Top-to-Top / Bottom-to-Bottom Leading measures leading from em box top to top (area type's first line touches the frame) or from baseline to baseline (new type in a Japanese interface starts top to top, with em box centre character alignment, #432); Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari None / Regular / Force (`text.setFormat {burasagari: "none"|"standard"|"forced"}`) hangs an East Asian comma or full stop (、。，．､｡) ending an area type line outside it, Regular (new type's default) when it doesn't fit and Force always (the rest of the line then fills the measure; closing brackets and Latin punctuation don't hang); Character panel menu › Character Alignment (with the East Asian options; `text.setFormat` or `text.setRangeStyle {charAlign}`) lines characters smaller than the largest on their line up on the Roman baseline, the em box top/right, centre or bottom/left, or the ICF (ideographic character face) top/right or bottom/left, from the font's BASE table or, without one, the average ink box of some ideographs and kana; Type ▸ Type Orientation switches existing text; caret, selection, hit testing and arrow keys follow the writing direction. Vertical text exports to PDF as real text and to SVG as outlines.
 - **Transparency:** opacity masks (clip/invert/disable/link), exported as SVG `<mask>` and PDF soft masks.
-- **Advanced art:** live Blends (steps/distance/smooth colour, editable spine, anchor-targeted Blend tool, faithful interpolation, knockout), Envelope Distort (warp/mesh/top object, Reset, full Envelope Options, mesh handles, Edit Contents; type, images, symbols, gradients, patterns and appearance distorted everywhere), Liquify tools with options and pen pressure, Puppet Warp with rotating pins, Perspective Grid with presets, movable planes and projected type (choosing a perspective tool shows the grid; Hide Grid hides it with the tool still chosen), Gradient Mesh, Shape Builder (stroke-only open paths and lines cut the regions they cross and enclose regions of their own; filled open paths count as closed; erase mode while Alt/Option is held: a minus pointer, red highlights of what will go, a click or drag deletes the regions touched, the pieces of open lines and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet, opening their paths there) it passes over, one undo step, `shapeBuilder.merge {erase}` and `shapeBuilder.regions` edges over MCP), Live Paint (every path an edge, open lines included), Image Trace (12 presets), pattern swatches with pattern editing mode, live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror).
+- **Advanced art:** live Blends (steps/distance/smooth colour, editable spine, anchor-targeted Blend tool, faithful interpolation, knockout), Envelope Distort (warp/mesh/top object, Reset, full Envelope Options, mesh handles, Edit Contents; type, images, symbols, gradients, patterns and appearance distorted everywhere), Liquify tools with options and pen pressure, Puppet Warp with rotating pins, Perspective Grid with presets, movable planes and projected type (choosing a perspective tool shows the grid; Hide Grid hides it with the tool still chosen), Gradient Mesh, Shape Builder (stroke-only open paths and lines cut the regions they cross and enclose regions of their own; filled open paths count as closed; erase mode while Alt/Option is held: a minus pointer, red highlights of what will go, a click or drag deletes the regions touched, the pieces of open lines and the edges (outline pieces between the points where paths meet, opening their paths there) it passes over, one undo step, `shapeBuilder.merge {erase}` and `shapeBuilder.regions` edges over MCP), Live Paint (every path an edge, open lines included), Image Trace (12 presets, colour layers traced in parallel; a trace past two million anchor points or an image over 64 megapixels is refused with advice rather than running out of memory, and a selection too large to outline shows its bounds (#525); Object › Image Trace › Make and Make and Expand trace at once with the Default preset, #543; with an image selected the Control bar and the Properties panel show Image Trace, whose arrow traces with any preset, Mask (`object.maskImage`: a clipping path on the image's outline, selected so its handles crop), Crop Image and Embed or Unembed in place of Fill and Stroke; with an Image Trace object selected, its Preset (choosing another traces again), View, the Image Trace panel and Expand, plus Release in Properties; the five View modes (Tracing Result, with Outlines, Outlines, Outlines with Source Image, Source Image) redraw a trace on screen without tracing again, are saved with it and `imageTrace.setView` sets them, while exports and Expand keep the result; the panel's Advanced section is a header that stays open or closed as it was left (part of #641); Palette (Full Tone, Automatic, Document Library) and Create Strokes are not done), pattern swatches with pattern editing mode, live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror).
 - **Paint and appearance (M3):**
-  - **Swatches:** names follow the colour model and are unique; Swatch Options (process/spot, Global, Gray/RGB/HSB/CMYK/Web, live preview); editing a global or spot swatch recolours every linked fill, stroke and text run in one undo step; multi-select and delete with confirmation; New Swatch and New Color Group dialogs (a group from the selected artwork's colours); swatches in colour groups convert, separate and count like any other. The Swatches panel selects ranges and whole groups, has a find field, and drags swatches to reorder, regroup or paint art; Add Used Colors, Select All Unused, Merge, Ungroup and Sort by Kind; a CMYK document keeps applied colours in CMYK. Swatch libraries: nine generated colour libraries and five gradient libraries in a library panel, saved and loaded as `.vcswatches`, `.gpl` or CSS. Tints of global and spot colours ("Name 40%") stay linked and separate as a percentage of their plate. Spot colours can be defined in Lab (Spot Colors options). A built-in [Registration] swatch prints on every plate.
-  - **Colour:** a Color Picker (colour field, H/S/B/R/G/B channel slider, HSB/RGB/Lab/CMYK fields, hex, web-only snapping, out-of-gamut correction); the Color panel follows each colour's own model and Alt-click paints the other proxy; proxies look through groups and show "?" for mixed paint; Invert, Complement, Apply Last Color (`,`) and Apply Last Gradient (`.`) keep the colour model; every paint command feeds the recent colours. The Color Guide has 21 harmony rules, Steps and Variation options and Limit to Library. Adjust Color Balance (its Global mode shifts tints) and Saturate preview live; Edit Colors and Recolor also reach meshes, images and patterns. Recolor Artwork has colour reduction, five recolour methods, presets, Limit to Library, a colour-wheel Edit tab and Edit Color Group; a local Color Themes panel saves five-colour themes. Fill/Stroke chips open swatch and mixer popovers, panels have their shortcuts, and Eyedropper Options pick up and apply chosen attributes (Alt and Shift+Alt, image pixels). Fills and strokes can overprint (Attributes panel, Overprint Black options), and CMYK documents blend in inks on screen, in PDF and when flattening. Document Color Mode converts the art, symbols, pattern tiles and swatches through the colour settings: Gray stays Gray, RGB greys separate into four-colour greys and a rich black as Illustrator does, or go on the black plate only with `grays: "black"` (also for `document.open {colorMode}`).
+  - **Swatches:** names follow the colour model and are unique; Swatch Options (process/spot, Global, Gray/RGB/HSB/CMYK/Web, live preview); editing a global or spot swatch recolours every linked fill, stroke and text run in one undo step; multi-select and delete with confirmation; New Swatch and New Color Group dialogs (a group from the selected artwork's colours); swatches in colour groups convert, separate and count like any other. The Swatches panel selects ranges and whole groups, has a find field, and drags swatches to reorder, regroup or paint art; Add Used Colors, Select All Unused, Merge, Ungroup and Sort by Kind; a CMYK document keeps applied colours in CMYK. Swatch libraries: nine generated colour libraries and five gradient libraries in a library panel, saved as `.vcswatches`, `.gpl` or CSS, and loaded from `.vcswatches`, `.gpl` and swatch exchange (`.ase`) files (RGB, CMYK, Lab and Gray; global, spot and process; groups). Tints of global and spot colours ("Name 40%") stay linked and separate as a percentage of their plate. Spot colours can be defined in Lab (Spot Colors options). A built-in [Registration] swatch prints on every plate.
+  - **Colour:** a Color Picker (colour field, H/S/B/R/G/B channel slider, HSB/RGB/Lab/CMYK fields, hex, web-only snapping, out-of-gamut correction); the Color panel follows each colour's own model and Alt-click paints the other proxy; proxies look through groups and show "?" for mixed paint; Invert, Complement, Apply Last Color (`,`) and Apply Last Gradient (`.`) keep the colour model; every paint command feeds the recent colours. The Color Guide has 21 harmony rules, Steps and Variation options and Limit to Library. Adjust Color Balance (its Global mode shifts tints) and Saturate preview live; Edit Colors and Recolor also reach meshes, images and patterns. Recolor Artwork has colour reduction, five recolour methods, presets, Limit to Library, a colour-wheel Edit tab and Edit Color Group; a local Color Themes panel saves five-colour themes. Fill/Stroke chips open swatch and mixer popovers (the Properties panel has the Control bar's Fill and Stroke chips, Stroke link and weight spinner, with nothing selected too), panels have Illustrator's Window menu keys (Align Shift+F7, Transform Shift+F8, Pathfinder Cmd+Shift+F9, Layers F7, Character Cmd+T…; every panel can be given one in Edit › Keyboard Shortcuts), and Eyedropper Options pick up and apply chosen attributes (Alt and Shift+Alt, image pixels). Fills and strokes can overprint (Attributes panel, Overprint Black options), and CMYK documents blend in inks on screen, in PDF and when flattening. Document Color Mode converts the art, symbols, pattern tiles and swatches through the colour settings: Gray stays Gray, RGB greys separate into four-colour greys and a rich black as Illustrator does, or go on the black plate only with `grays: "black"` (also for `document.open {colorMode}`).
   - **Gradients:** lossless, validated gradient params; gradients follow rotate, reflect, shear, non-uniform scale and distortions; the Gradient tool edits the fill or stroke of the active proxy, type included; an interactive on-canvas annotator (move, length/angle, rotate, add/move/delete/duplicate stops, midpoints, a stop popover, Delete and arrow keys). The Gradient panel has the Fill/Stroke proxy, a gradient-swatch dropdown with Save to Swatches, midpoint locations, Alt-drag to copy or swap stops, swatch drops on the ramp and a stop eyedropper; copied appearances and graphic styles place gradients on each target's own bounds; gradient handles snap and honour Constrain Angle. Gradient stops stay linked to global and spot swatches. Freeform gradients (points and lines) are edited on the canvas; radial gradients have an extent ellipse, an aspect handle and an off-centre focal point (SVG `fx`/`fy`, PDF two-point radials). A stroke's gradient runs within, along or across it. Object ▸ Expand turns gradients into N objects or a gradient mesh.
   - **Strokes:** one stroke-geometry module shared by the canvas, SVG, PDF and Outline Stroke; dotted lines (zero-length dashes draw dots or squares); arrowheads with hollow outlines, tip-on-end or extend-past-end alignment and one opacity for line and head. SVG and PDF export arrowheads, width profiles, brushes and aligned strokes exactly as the canvas draws them; Outline Stroke and the live Outline Stroke effect outline every stroke item as drawn (dashes, heads, profiles, alignment); dashes can be fitted to corners and path ends; width profiles carry through dashes, and their corners take the join. The Stroke panel edits type's character strokes, follows the stroke units (its weight presets are round values in that unit: `0.25 mm`, `0.0625 in`, `1 px`, #426; fields show four decimals in mm, cm and inches, three in points), shows mixed values blank and opens from the Control bar. A width profile library, thirty more arrowheads, and Width Point Edit with multi-select and discontinuous points. Visual bounds and clicks cover the whole painted stroke. Scale Strokes & Effects, Scale Corners and Use Preview Bounds work everywhere, and new art inherits stroke options, a graphic style or the whole last appearance.
   - **Appearance:** the Appearance panel's selected row drives every paint, stroke, gradient and transparency edit (`item` on the commands); effects apply to one fill or stroke; per-item Opacity popups, whose blend-mode list and opacity slider stay open inside them (#430; the Control bar's Stroke popover too); Mixed Appearances, Layers target dots and basic-appearance rules. Effects can be reordered, moved between items and copied by dragging; Show All Hidden Attributes; clicking an effect edits it in place; the object thumbnail drags onto art; effects render on type, images, symbols, blends, envelopes, meshes and repeats, and per-item raster effects export. Groups, layers and type have their own fills, strokes and effects (Contents and Characters rows); the Layers panel's target circles target layers, groups and objects; Expand Appearance turns fills, strokes, effects and brushes into objects.
@@ -150,12 +157,13 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 - **Colour, type and file workflows:** Recolor Artwork (dialog with harmonies), Edit Colors, Find & Replace, Change Case, Smart Punctuation, Guides, Lock/Hide Above, Transform Each, Rasterize.
 - **Fonts:** a font is found by any of its names (family and style in every language of its name table, legacy family/style pairs, PostScript name), so documents from other apps open with the font they name; Find Font and `text.fonts` say for each font whether it was found exactly, by another name, substituted or missing, and how many glyphs are missing. PDF and `.ai` import brings Japanese text back as live type: CID fonts without a ToUnicode map read through the standard CMaps, vertical columns (WMode 1) as vertical type, letter spacing as tracking; a glyph is live type only when the installed font (in the closest style of its family) draws the same glyph, and text in a font that isn't installed comes in as live type shown in the fallback font until the font is installed (exports that draw it — PDF, EPS, EMF/WMF, raster, SVG outlines or embedded fonts — warn that they wrote the fallback font; `textAs: outlines` keeps the PDF's embedded glyphs).
 - **Files (M4):**
-  - `.vectorcraft` (lossless JSON, compressed, atomic saves, save down to v1), Save As with a format chooser, Save a Copy, Revert, templates, Data Recovery after a crash (browser tabs hold their copies with Web Locks too, so a background tab's copies are never taken for a crash's, and a tab repairs copies another removed when it resumes: #367), background save and export.
-  - SVG/SVGZ in and out with SVG Options, Preserve Editing, symbols, filters, rich text and physical units (SVG type under a transform or `viewBox` scale opens at the size it draws at, the scale moved into its size, leading, baseline shift and strokes, a stretch, skew or rotation kept as its transform: #396; a top-level group with a clip path, such as a clipped Inkscape layer, opens as a layer with a clipping mask, its name kept: #420); PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` in and out (layers, with hidden ones kept hidden with their art and nested ones as sublayers, on pages of up to 64 million operators, art whose layer can't be told going to a hidden, non-printing layer rather than showing or printing: #419; strokes kept live, a fill and a stroke of one outline as one object; masks, editable text with type set along a curve coming back as type on a path, each artboard's art on its own page only, an `.ai`'s white page under its layers left out rather than coming in as art, spot colours, presets, security, marks and bleed, ICC output intents, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3). CMYK images keep their ink amounts from PDF import (and from placed CMYK TIFFs) to PDF export: a CMYK JPEG passes through unchanged, others stay CMYK (DeviceCMYK, or ICC-based CMYK in PDF/X-3/X-4) unless the Output settings convert them; the canvas shows them through the working CMYK profile (#320).
-  - EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF in and out; PNG (with PNG-8), JPEG, WebP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, Targa and layered PSD export. EPS import runs Illustrator's AGM/CoolType prologs (resource categories, `resourceforall`, `clipsave`/`cliprestore`, subarrays and substrings that share storage, the standard dictionaries in `systemdict`, `dictstack`, `internaldict`, executable filters, `cshow`, metadata skipped with `flushfile`), so Illustrator 30 EPS files open as vectors, and falls back to its palette TIFF preview. DXF TEXT justified Fit or Aligned spans its two points (stretched, or scaled as a whole).
-  - Place and the Links panel, Package, File Info, Print with print presets, PostScript output and print tiling, slices and Save for Web, Export for Screens and Asset Export, CSS Properties, PNG/PDF/SVG/text clipboard flavours; files copied in a file manager paste as art (SVG, PDF, EMF/WMF, bitmaps) on every desktop platform, and Linux/Wayland reads the compositor's clipboard (#398).
+  - `.vectorcraft` (lossless JSON, compressed, atomic saves, save down to v1), Save As with a format chooser, Save a Copy, Revert, templates, Data Recovery after a crash (browser tabs hold their copies with Web Locks too, so a background tab's copies are never taken for a crash's, and a tab repairs copies another removed when it resumes: #367), background save and export. The desktop app writes its warnings and errors (graphics adapter, a lost graphics device, panics the guard recovered from) to standard error and to `logs/vectorcraft.log` next to the preferences, the two previous runs kept and each file capped at 16 MiB, so a launch without a terminal still leaves something to attach to a bug report (#465).
+  - SVG/SVGZ in and out with SVG Options, Preserve Editing, symbols, filters, rich text and physical units (SVG type under a transform or `viewBox` scale opens at the size it draws at, the scale moved into its size, leading, baseline shift and strokes, a stretch, skew or rotation kept as its transform: #396; a top-level group with a clip path, such as a clipped Inkscape layer, opens as a layer with a clipping mask, its name kept: #420; hidden objects written hidden on Save and `convert`, and `data-*` attributes kept as the objects' own data: #522; top-level groups open as layers named from `data-name`, else the id, also when one more group (a transform on all the art, a `<switch>`) wraps them, hidden ones hidden, and a file whose art sits loose under a root `<svg>` with an id (or `data-name`), as one-layer exports write it, opens with its one layer named from it; nested groups stay groups, except the sublayers VectorCraft writes, marked `data-vc-layer`, and Inkscape sublayers, which open as sublayers in their layer's colour: #372); PDF and PDF-compatible `.ai` in and out (layers, with hidden ones kept hidden with their art and nested ones as sublayers, on pages of up to 64 million operators, art whose layer can't be told going to a hidden, non-printing layer rather than showing or printing: #419; strokes kept live, a fill and a stroke of one outline as one object; a type object's stroke written as each glyph's outline stroked back on the type, so it stays one editable object; lines wrapped in a frame (each wrapped line ending in a space, one left edge, leading and font) back as one area type object, left aligned or justified with its paragraph spacing, where laying it out breaks the lines where the file does; glyphs set apart by gaps wider than a space (a barcode's digit groups) keeping their places; layers stacked as the pages mark them even when one first paints on a later page, art ending a layer's marked content or a clip closing in a later layer kept in its own layer, and layers with no art kept empty: #508; masks, editable text with type set along a curve coming back as type on a path, each artboard's art on its own page only, an `.ai`'s white page under its layers left out rather than coming in as art, spot colours, presets, security, marks and bleed, ICC output intents, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3). CMYK images keep their ink amounts from PDF import (and from placed CMYK TIFFs) to PDF export: a CMYK JPEG passes through unchanged, others stay CMYK (DeviceCMYK, or ICC-based CMYK in PDF/X-3/X-4) unless the Output settings convert them; the canvas shows them through the working CMYK profile (#320).
+  - EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF in and out; PNG (with PNG-8), JPEG, WebP, GIF, TIFF, BMP, Targa and layered PSD export. EPS import runs a PostScript Level 3 interpreter written from the PostScript Language Reference: resource categories and `resourceforall`, local and global VM (`currentglobal`/`setglobal`/`gcheck`), `clipsave`/`cliprestore`, subarrays and substrings that share storage, the standard dictionaries in `systemdict`, `dictstack`, `internaldict`, executable filters and strings, `load` by any key, `//name` immediate names, `token`, `execform`, user paths, `cshow`, `rootfont`, `cachestatus`, colour rendering and halftone queries, file `status` and data read with `flushfile`, and `pdfmark` marks dropped (Discord feedback, #466, #469, #474). Masked images (`ImageType 3` in its three interleavings) and reusable streams are read, and an image's several data sources are read in turn, as the reference defines (procedures that read one file get their own rows: such images came in banded, #498). `restore` puts dictionaries back as they were at the `save`, so programs that count their saves in a dictionary read to their end (part of #505). Tiling patterns come in as pattern swatches, uncoloured ones too; Type 3 fonts' glyphs as their outlines, spaced by `ashow`/`widthshow`/`xshow`/`kshow`; mesh and function-based shadings (types 1, 4–7) as gradient meshes; sampled functions (type 0) and Flate/LZW predictors are read. It is tested with programs written from the specification in the ways common generators use these features; Inkscape/cairo EPS files open as vectors. When a file's PostScript still can't be read, it opens as its TIFF preview, its Windows metafile preview (as vectors) or its EPSI preview, and the warning (in the status bar, `document.open`/`app.open`/MCP `open_file` replies and `vectorcraft-cli info`) names the error, the operator that raised it and the procedures it ran in. Legacy PostScript `.ai` files (Illustrator 3–8, written with the prolog that defines their operators) keep their groups and nested groups (`u` … `U`), between and inside clipping groups; EPS and EMF/WMF import nest clips (and groups) at most 128 deep, so a hostile file can't exhaust the stack. DXF TEXT justified Fit or Aligned spans its two points (stretched, or scaled as a whole).
+  - Placed documents: File › Place of a `.vectorcraft` file links to it by default (`file.place`'s `link`): one locked object showing an artboard of the document (or its art's bounds), read the way placing it without Link reads it, its symbols, patterns and images kept apart from the document's; without Link (or from bytes, not a file) it is an editable copy as before. It stays vectors in every output (SVG, PDF, EPS, EMF, DXF), and so do placed documents inside it, read from their own files up to 8 levels deep (documents that place each other stop there). On screen they draw from bitmaps cached per file and zoom step, shared by every copy and made in the background (a placeholder until ready), so a sheet of them redraws in about a millisecond; exports and prints draw them exactly. Like linked images, a save keeps only a preview of each (JPEG when opaque) unless Include Linked Files; output, and zooming past the preview, read the file again, falling back to the preview with a warning when it is gone or changed. Saves for older versions write them as plain art. Links check, update, relink, Update Links on open, Link Info (the artboard's size), Placement Options, Break Link (also Embed, Object › Expand: the editable copy placing without Link gives, its resources joining the document), Edit Original (the document in a new tab) and the Links panel cover them; saving a document updates the open documents that place it. The native format (v4) keeps data of 8 KB or more after the JSON instead of base64 in it.
+  - Place and the Links panel, Package, File Info, Print with print presets, PostScript output and print tiling, slices and Save for Web, Export for Screens and Asset Export, CSS Properties, PNG/PDF/SVG/text clipboard flavours; files copied in a file manager paste as art (SVG, PDF, EMF/WMF, bitmaps) on every desktop platform, and Linux/Wayland reads the compositor's clipboard (#398); on Linux the Paste menu checks the clipboard off the UI thread, so an X11 owner that never answers can't freeze the window (#510); screenshots and other copied pictures paste as embedded images at the view centre everywhere, the web included (#457).
 - **Performance:** 20k shapes + 1k texts render in 27 ms per full-retina frame (7.8 ms zoomed), 7× faster than the first version. The UI thread never blocks. The web build is 7.1 MB gzipped.
-- **Graphics processor:** the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only composites it, so the desktop app asks for the power-saving GPU by default (the integrated one on hybrid-graphics laptops, where presenting from the discrete GPU made the window flicker, #306). Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`) or `WGPU_POWER_PREF` picks the discrete one; Help › About and `ui.inspect` name the adapter in use. When the browser drops the page's WebGPU device or WebGL context, the web build writes recovery copies, starts again on new graphics with the same app and uploads its textures again; if it can't, it removes the stale canvas and says to reload, which offers the copies back. The desktop app writes the copies and says to restart (#369).
+- **Graphics processor:** the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only composites it, so any GPU that can show the window will do. Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`) is Automatic by default: the power-saving GPU on Windows and macOS (the integrated one on hybrid-graphics laptops, where presenting from the discrete GPU made the window flicker, #306), and the GPU the desktop runs on under Linux, where KWin on an NVIDIA GPU refused frames from a Ryzen's integrated GPU and 0.5.0 crashed at startup (#502). Power Saving and High Performance pick a kind of GPU; `WGPU_POWER_PREF`, `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME` and `WGPU_BACKEND` override them. The app picks among the adapters that can present to the window (native backends before OpenGL, hardware before software, and on Windows a GPU's DX12 adapter before its Vulkan one: Intel's Vulkan driver made the whole window flicker black, #545), and if the window fails on one while starting up it starts again without it instead of crashing; Help › About, `ui.inspect` and the log name the adapter in use. When the browser drops the page's WebGPU device or WebGL context, the web build writes recovery copies, starts again on new graphics with the same app and uploads its textures again; if it can't, it removes the stale canvas and says to reload, which offers the copies back. The desktop app writes the copies and says to restart (#369). On Windows and Linux the tools' cursors are OS cursors (bitmaps rasterized once per display scale), which the system moves itself: painted into the window, they trailed the pointer by the frames waiting to be shown, and the window now queues one frame instead of two (#444). macOS and the web still paint them (macOS sizes cursor bitmaps in points, eframe has no bitmap cursors on the web). Pens and touch drive the tools as the mouse does, and a tap pressed and lifted within one frame clicks where it tapped (#491); pen pressure reaches the Liquify tools' Use Pressure Pen on Windows, while winit 0.30 reports none on macOS or Linux and egui none on the web. On Linux, see `docs/development.md` for pens under Wayland.
 - **Tests and robustness:** ~2,840 automated tests: model-based property tests, a junk-parameter sweep over every command, import fuzzing (SVG, PDF, libraries), golden renders, and MCP end-to-end tests over stdio. Shipped code never panics (workspace lints and a rollback safety net; see `docs/development.md`).
 
 ## Milestones and estimates
@@ -164,19 +172,19 @@ grade by behaviour against `plan/illustrator/`, not by whether a menu item exist
 |---|---|---|---|
 | M0 | Skeleton + vertical slice | ✅ done | — |
 | M1 | Selection, transform, layers, MCP | ✅ mostly done (transform reference point snaps to anchors/centres; rotated objects keep a rotated bounding box and their angle; Free Transform, Scale and Reflect along a rotated box pending) | 4–6 |
-| M2 | Drawing tools + smart guides | ✅ mostly done (Flare, Reshape, Live Corners widget dragging and per-corner radii and kinds landed; Shaper, the remaining Pen modifier nuances) | 15–20 |
+| M2 | Drawing tools + smart guides | ✅ mostly done (Flare, Reshape, Live Corners widget dragging and per-corner radii and kinds landed, on any path's corners; Shaper rough-shape recognition and orientation steps, the remaining Pen modifier nuances; Shaper Groups with editable sources and separate fill/stroke edits landed; construction widget/refinements pending) | 12–18 |
 | M3 | Paint & appearance (swatches, color, gradient, stroke, appearance, transparency, styles) | ✅ done (M3.7–M3.98): swatches, groups, libraries, tints, Lab spots and Registration; Color Picker, Color panel, Color Guide, Color Themes, Edit Colors and Recolor Artwork; gradients that follow every transform, the annotator, linked stops, freeform gradients, focal points, gradients on strokes and Expand; stroke geometry, arrowheads, dashes fitted to corners, stroke on type, width profiles and the Width tool, Scale Strokes and preview bounds; Appearance targeting, container appearance, target circles, Expand Appearance; knockout, isolation, blend accuracy, CMYK blending, overprint, Attributes, masks and clipping, Flatten Transparency; graphic styles, links and libraries. Left: freeform and mixed spot/process gradients export as stops or process colours to SVG/PDF; confirm the Scale Strokes & Effects default | 4–8 |
 | M4 | Files (native, SVG, PDF, raster, Export for Screens, clipboard interop) | ✅ done (M4.14–M4.98 on 2026-10-05): Save As/Save a Copy/Revert/templates, Data Recovery and background save, SVG import and export fidelity (units, text, symbols, filters, SVGZ, Preserve Editing, SVG Options), PDF import (colours, layers, masks, editable text, security) and export (presets, marks, bleed, ICC and output intent, raster effects, subset fonts, PDF/X-1a, X-3 and X-4, PDF layers, overprint, page thumbnails, fast web view, PDF 1.3), Place and Links, Package, EPS and DXF in and out, EMF/WMF, TIFF/BMP/Targa/PSD/GIF/PNG-8 export, Print and print presets, slices, Save for Web, Asset Export, clipboard flavours, File Info. Left: DWG (use DXF), PSD placement as layers, overprint read back from PDF, polish | 3–6 |
 | M5 | Performance | 🟡 background render + caches + MT done; `vectorcraft-cli bench` and `vectorcraft-cli perf` (budget suite); file format v2 opens 3× faster (50k paths: 722 → 244 ms); raster effects (glows, shadows, blur, feather) no longer force the whole frame single-threaded (filtered offscreen per effect, verified equal to the single-threaded reference); effect-heavy demos need a clean-machine benchmark; dirty-region rendering, GPU backend spike pending | 15–25 |
 | M6 | Path operations (Pathfinder, Shape Builder, offset…) | ✅ mostly done (Boolean precision on almost-horizontal edges fixed and the property tests made deterministic; Shape Builder gap detection, large-offset bug open) | 3–6 |
-| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, Area Type Options (with Width/Height), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (fonts registered with Windows outside its font folders, the XDG and Flatpak host font folders on Linux, and fonts installed while the app runs, listed when it comes back to the front; searchable; the Character and Properties menus show each family's sample of the selected text, preview it live under the pointer or ↑/↓, filter by script and kind, list a family's styles, and star favourites; the Glyphs panel and Find Font's Replace With use the same menu without the live preview) and found by name on open/import, variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects and Options with draggable start/centre/end brackets (slide, flip), tab stops + Tabs panel, Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional text and Paragraph Direction done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
+| M7 | Type (point/area/path, editing, styles, OpenType, threading, glyphs) | 🟡 Character/Paragraph Styles, per-paragraph paragraph attributes, Area Type Options (with Width/Height, Auto Size and Shrink Text to Fit; overflow reported to agents and vertical Align), type areas resized by their handles and reshaped with Direct Selection, threaded text, Fit Headline, Glyphs, OpenType panel, Find Font, installed system fonts in every font menu (fonts registered with Windows outside its font folders, the XDG and Flatpak host font folders on Linux, and fonts installed while the app runs, listed when it comes back to the front; searchable; the Character and Properties menus show each family's sample of the selected text, preview it live under the pointer or ↑/↓, filter by script and kind, list a family's styles, and star favourites; the Glyphs panel and Find Font's Replace With use the same menu without the live preview) and found by name on open/import, variable fonts' named instances as styles, CJK names in the UI, input methods (marked text in place, candidate window at the caret; Japanese IME), Text Wrap (offset, invert, both sides of an object; follows edits), Type on a Path effects and Options with draggable start/centre/end brackets (slide, flip), tab stops + Tabs panel, inline symbols in text (beyond parity), Hebrew/Arabic bidirectional text, Paragraph Direction, Every-line/Single-line Composer per object (ragged text too) done; tab leaders, spell check, vertical type pending | 45–60 |
 | M8 | Transform & distort (Puppet Warp, Liquify tools, Envelopes, Blends, Perspective Grid) | ✅ done (M8.1–M8.20 on 2026-10-06, fidelity pass): Liquify Tool Options with one shared brush, pen pressure, hold-to-apply, a safe scope and incremental strokes; tool options that last; Puppet Warp rotation, multi-select, Control bar and a rest-shape session that follows Undo; Width tool on compound paths; Envelope dialogs with preview, Reset with Warp/Mesh, full Envelope Options, type/images/symbols/appearance/gradients/patterns distorted on canvas and in every export, warps that keep their frame, Edit Contents, mesh handles and Control bar; Blend Options, anchor-targeted Blend tool, editable spine, keys picked on the canvas, faithful interpolation and knockout; Perspective Grid with Define Grid, presets, lock/snap/rulers, widgets, the 1–4 plane switch, movable planes, Perspective Selection scale/copy/perpendicular/Transform Again, and type and symbols truly projected with Edit Text. Left: Anti-Alias and Preserve Shape output, warp-envelope point editing, brush interpolation in blends, Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box | 2–4 |
 | M9 | Live effects (+ 3D & Materials) | 🟡 2D effects done incl. Effect → Pathfinder and Color Adjustments; SVG Filters, Document Raster Effects Settings, 3D pending | 86–135 |
 | M10 | Brushes, symbols, patterns, Repeat | 🟡 pattern swatches (5 tile types, Pattern Options, editing mode, SVG `<pattern>`/PDF export) and live Repeat (radial/grid/mirror) done; brushes/symbols in progress | 23–37 |
 | M11 | Artboards & views (artboard panel/tool, Trim View, middle-button pan, print tiling and the status bar's artboard navigator done; multiple windows, presentation polish) | 🟡 | 15–25 |
 | M12 | Advanced color & art (CMYK/ICC, separations, Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace, Graphs) | 🟡 Gradient Mesh, Live Paint, Image Trace (12 presets, 18 ms/1k² image), Recolor Artwork, colour management (ICC, soft proofing, separations preview), Graphs (all 9 tools, Graph Data/Type, regenerate in place) done; graph Design/Column/Marker designs pending | 6–10 |
 | M13 | Automation (Actions ✅ record/playback, persisted; variables, scripting, batch) | 🟡 | 18–27 |
-| M14 | 1.0 polish (preferences, shortcut editor, workspaces, accessibility, packaging for all OSes) | 🟡 Preferences, shortcut editor (chords with Shift and a punctuation key fire as typed), workspaces, a custom title bar on Windows/Linux with a Home button, content-sized dialogs and menus that scroll when longer than the window done; an experimental, unsupported Windows 7 x64 portable OpenGL build (not verified by maintainers); accessibility and broader Windows/Linux packaging/QA pending | 18–28 |
+| M14 | 1.0 polish (preferences, shortcut editor, workspaces, accessibility, packaging for all OSes) | 🟡 Preferences, shortcut editor (chords with Shift and a punctuation key fire as typed), workspaces, a custom title bar on Windows/Linux with a Home button, content-sized dialogs, menus that scroll when longer than the window and macOS native menu dismissal done (M14.8); an experimental, unsupported Windows 7 x64 portable OpenGL build (not verified by maintainers); accessibility and broader Windows/Linux packaging/QA pending | 18–28 |
 | — | Interaction fidelity pass (every tool's modifiers, Properties panel per context, isolation, nuance) | ⬜ | 60–90 |
 | — | Hardening at scale (big-file corpus, fuzzing, cross-platform + browser QA) | 🟡 | 50–80 |
 | | **Total to full parity** (one agent; re-derived from the [Parity estimate](#parity-estimate) table) | | **~320–500** |
@@ -196,7 +204,7 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Area | Weight | Done | Missing (main items) | One agent (h) |
 |---|---:|---:|---|---:|
 | Selection, transform & align tools | 6 | 85% | Free Transform/Scale/Reflect along a rotated box, Start Global Edit, transform nuances (the rotated persistent bounding box is done) | 4–6 |
-| Drawing tools | 7 | 85% | Shaper Groups (merge/punch overlapping shapes), pencil and the remaining pen modifier nuances, the freehand Tool Options' Keep selected, Alt to the Smooth tool, Blob Brush Merge Only with Selection and brush angle/roundness, Touch Type, Live Corners on plain paths and polygons (and Relative rounding) | 10–15 |
+| Drawing tools | 7 | 85% | rough-square Shaper recognition and orientation steps corrected; editable Shaper Groups landed; remaining: Shaper construction widget/gesture refinements, pencil and the remaining pen modifier nuances, the freehand Tool Options' Keep selected, Alt to the Smooth tool, Blob Brush Merge Only with Selection and brush angle/roundness, Touch Type, Live Corners on corners between curved sides (and Relative rounding) | 8–13 |
 | Path operations, Pathfinder, Shape Builder, Live Paint | 5 | 86% | Live Paint gap options, Shape Builder gap detection, options (Tool Options dialog, clicking a stroke in merge mode) and Shift-drag marquee | 3–6 |
 | Colour, swatches, gradients, patterns, mesh, recolor | 7 | 96% | freeform and mixed spot/process gradients in SVG/PDF (exported as stops or process colours), pattern fills in Expand | 2–4 |
 | Strokes, brushes, width profiles | 5 | 88% | brush options depth, brush libraries (generated in code), brushes driven by pen tilt, bearing and barrel rotation (6D art pens) | 12–20 |
@@ -204,19 +212,19 @@ about 1–1.5 agent-hours each, so the other rows (estimated on the older scale)
 | Live vector effects | 5 | 85% | Outline Object, Pathfinder Hard/Soft Mix and Trap, SVG Filters | 6–10 |
 | Raster effects (Effect Gallery, Document Raster Effects Settings) | 4 | 20% | ~55 Photoshop-style filters (Artistic, Brush Strokes, Distort, Pixelate, Sketch, Stylize, Texture, Video) and the Effect Gallery; Document Raster Effects Settings and raster effects in PDF are done | 28–42 |
 | 3D and Materials | 4 | 0% | Extrude & Bevel, Revolve, Inflate, Rotate, lighting, materials (software renderer) | 50–80 |
-| Type core | 9 | 79% | Middle Eastern features beyond bidi layout and Paragraph Direction (Character Direction, digit types, kashidas, the Middle Eastern composers, editable bidirectional SVG text, a split caret where directions meet); composer/hyphenation options, Optical Margin Alignment, hidden characters, Transform Again after a type-area resize (it scales the type), partial selection of type-area anchors by marquee | 15–20 |
-| Type advanced | 4 | 50% | CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi beyond Line-end Punctuation Half Width — the other sets (and their paragraph-start bracket and indent rules), hanging punctuation, kinsoku sets and the Mojikumi Settings dialog —, proportional vertical metrics, manual tate-chu-yoko, Character Alignment on the ICF top and bottom), variable font axis sliders (named instances are styles), tab leaders, spell check (open dictionary), Touch Type, Retype; vertical point/area/path type and Type Orientation have initial support | 20–28 |
+| Type core | 9 | 80% | Middle Eastern features beyond bidi layout and Paragraph Direction (Character Direction, digit types, kashidas, the Middle Eastern composers, editable bidirectional SVG text, a split caret where directions meet); Hyphenation… and Justification… options (Every-line Composer for justified and ragged text, per object, is done; it is tuned by eye, not yet compared side by side with Illustrator; mixed type sizes in a paragraph still break single-line), Optical Margin Alignment, paragraph spacing limit for vertically justified area type, hidden characters, paragraph attributes in the Type tool's copy and paste (the characters keep their styles, the paragraphs take the destination's), mixed-value display in the Paragraph panel for a selection across differing paragraphs, Transform Again after a type-area resize (it scales the type), partial selection of type-area anchors by marquee | 14–19 |
+| Type advanced | 4 | 50% | CJK composition for vertical type (ruby, mojikumi beyond Line-end Punctuation Half Width — the other sets (and their paragraph-start bracket and indent rules), kinsoku sets and the Mojikumi Settings dialog —, proportional vertical metrics, manual tate-chu-yoko), variable font axis sliders (named instances are styles), tab leaders, spell check (open dictionary), Touch Type, Retype; vertical point/area/path type and Type Orientation have initial support (beyond parity, not scored: inline symbols in text) | 20–28 |
 | Symbols, blends, envelopes, Repeat, perspective | 5 | 88% | symbol libraries (original), dynamic symbols, envelope Anti-Alias/Preserve Shape output and warp point editing, brush interpolation in blends (M8 fidelity pass done) | 5–8 |
-| Image Trace, graphs, image tools | 3 | 70% | graph Design/Column/Marker, Create Object Mosaic, Crop Image polish (Vector Halftone is done) | 6–10 |
+| Image Trace, graphs, image tools | 3 | 70% | graph Design/Column/Marker, Create Object Mosaic, Crop Image polish (an on-canvas crop box), Image Trace Palette (Full Tone, Automatic, Document Library) and Create Strokes (Vector Halftone and the Image Trace View modes are done) | 6–10 |
 | Layers, artboards, document setup | 5 | 82% | Layers panel: a confirmation before deleting layers that hold art, Collect for Export, row context menus, the Layer Options dialog for several rows with mixed values, Paste Remembers Layers for sublayers, drag-scrolling a long panel while dragging rows; artboard presets/rearrange polish (Document Setup, New Document and the rest of the Layers panel are done) | 4–7 |
 | View & navigation | 3 | 70% | New View/Edit Views, multiple windows/arrange, Snap to Pixel/Glyph (print tiling is done) | 9–14 |
-| Guides, grids, smart guides, snapping, rulers | 3 | 80% | global/video rulers, smart-guide preference depth, Alt swapping a ruler guide's orientation, ruler guides selected together with art (marquee, Shift-click) and on layers (dragging existing guides is done, #414) | 3–6 |
-| File formats | 6 | 85% | DWG (no open spec: DXF instead), PSD placement as layers, Illustrator EPS checked against more real files (two Illustrator 30 files open as vectors so far), the remaining fidelity polish; EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, TIFF, BMP, Targa, PSD export, SVGZ, PDF security, PDF/X, PDF layers and presets are done | 6–10 |
+| Guides, grids, smart guides, snapping, rulers | 3 | 84% | global/video rulers, Spacing Guides, Smart Guides' angle and distance readouts while drawing, Alt swapping a ruler guide's orientation, ruler guides selected together with art (marquee, Shift-click), ruler guides as Layers rows with their own lock and hide (#451: Lock Guides locks them all; Make Guides paths are Layers rows already) (dragging existing guides is done, #414; new guides snapping to side midpoints and artboards, and artboard guides, #451; the drawing tools snapping, with Construction Guides, #506) | 2–4 |
+| File formats | 6 | 85% | DWG (no open spec: DXF instead), PSD placement as layers, EPS checked against more real files users send (Inkscape files open as vectors; other generators' constructs are tested with programs written from the PostScript Language Reference only; CID-keyed CJK type and `CCITTFaxDecode` images not read), legacy `.ai` files saved without the prolog that defines their operators (their own operator set isn't read yet), the remaining fidelity polish; EPS, DXF, EMF/WMF, TIFF, BMP, Targa, PSD export, SVGZ, PDF security, PDF/X, PDF layers and presets are done | 6–10 |
 | Export for Screens, Asset Export, slices, Save for Web | 3 | 85% | polish only (all four are done) | 2–4 |
 | Print, colour management, separations, flattener | 3 | 80% | print preview fidelity (flattener presets in PDF and print, overprint in PDF and composite print, Print dialog, presets, PostScript, marks, separations, Print Tiling, print overprint/flattener/bitmap options and printer profile are done) | 1–2 |
 | Automation | 3 | 60% | Variables (data merge), scripting surface, batch | 8–12 |
-| UI chrome (panels, contextual Properties, workspaces, prefs) | 6 | 78% | Variables, SVG Interactivity, Properties per context, Consolidate All Windows, context menus beyond the canvas (Links, Asset Export, CSS Properties, Attributes and the canvas context menu are done), about 45 Preferences options stored but not yet acted on (#394: smart guide display options, Auto Size New Area Type, Show Font Names in English, Highlight Alternate Glyphs, Show Pixel Grid, performance, devices…) | 16–26 |
-| Libraries, Links, Package | 2 | 50% | a local Libraries panel (no cloud by design); Links and Package are done | 5–8 |
+| UI chrome (panels, contextual Properties, workspaces, prefs) | 6 | 78% | macOS native menu dismissal fixed (M14.8); remaining: Variables, SVG Interactivity, Properties per context, Consolidate All Windows, floating panels outside the app window and docked into any group, context menus beyond the canvas (Links, Asset Export, CSS Properties, Attributes and the canvas context menu are done), about 30 Preferences options stored but not yet acted on (#394: Spacing Guides, Auto Size New Area Type, Show Font Names in English, Highlight Alternate Glyphs, performance, devices…) | 14–22 |
+| Libraries, Links, Package | 2 | 50% | a local Libraries panel (no cloud by design); Links and Package are done; placed VectorCraft documents are done (linked by default, vectors in every output, previews, Break Link, Expand, Edit Original, refresh on save) | 5–8 |
 | **Feature parity** | **103** | **~75%** | | **~210–330** |
 | Interaction-fidelity pass (side by side with Illustrator: every tool modifier, cursor, dialog, Properties context) | | | | 60–90 |
 | Hardening (big-file corpus, fuzzing, cross-platform and browser QA, accessibility, packaging) | | | | 50–80 |
@@ -235,7 +243,7 @@ lossless SVG/PDF export of live effects with SVG filters, a documented JSON form
 command, gesture and dialog drivable by agents (MCP, CLI, control channel).
 
 ## Out of scope (by design or by law)
-- **Native `.ai` private data:** it's undocumented. We read the PDF-compatible part, so Illustrator-only live objects arrive as appearance.
+- **Native `.ai` private data:** it's undocumented. We read the PDF-compatible part, so Illustrator-only live objects arrive as appearance, and plain groups arrive ungrouped: that part draws each object on its own and marks only layers, clipping groups and groups with opacity, blending or a mask (those come back). Art outside the artboards isn't in that part at all (Illustrator's PDF part leaves it out), so it doesn't open; the import says so in a note (#472). That part also has no paragraphs: area type is written line by line, and comes back as area type only where its font is installed and lays the lines out with the same breaks, else as a point type object per line (#508). Art off the page that a PDF does draw opens on the pasteboard.
 - **Adobe cloud services** (Libraries sync, Adobe Fonts, Firefly/generative): these are pluggable provider APIs, not built in.
 - **Adobe's bundled assets** (swatch/brush/symbol libraries, presets, icons): ours are original.
 

apps/vectorcraft-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -22,7 +22,14 @@ vectorcraft-geom = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-svg = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-mcp = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-render = { workspace = true }
+vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
+log = { workspace = true }
+
+# DirectWrite's system font collection (the desktop app's src/system_fonts.rs, shared): fonts that
+# font services such as Adobe Fonts load in place (#579). MIT OR Apache-2.0.
+[target.'cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))'.dependencies]
+windows = { version = "0.62", features = ["Win32_Graphics_DirectWrite"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 vectorcraft-testkit = { workspace = true }

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/main.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 //! vectorcraft-cli bench FILE [--size 2880x1800] [--iters 5]
 //! vectorcraft-cli perf [--paths 50000]
 //! ```
-#![forbid(unsafe_code)]
+// Denied, not forbidden: the DirectWrite font lister shared with the desktop app (Windows) allows
+// it for its COM calls, and nothing else may.
+#![deny(unsafe_code)]
 
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::process::ExitCode;
@@ -35,6 +37,10 @@ macro_rules! out {
 }
 
 mod perf;
+/// The desktop app's DirectWrite font lister, shared: exports and MCP find the same fonts.
+#[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+#[path = "../../vectorcraft/src/system_fonts.rs"]
+mod system_fonts;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_mcp::{Backend, DEFAULT_ADDR, Headless, Remote, Server};
@@ -69,10 +75,13 @@ USAGE:
       Open IN (any readable format) and export OUT in the format its extension picks (see Writable
       formats). --artboard is 0-based, --range 1-based (\"1-3,5\"); a PDF gets every artboard
       unless one of them is given, EPS the bounds of the art, the other formats the first artboard.
-      Live effects are kept; --outline-text writes SVG text as paths.
+      Live effects are kept, and hidden layers and objects (written hidden in SVG and PSD), with
+      SVG's data-* attributes; --outline-text writes SVG text as paths.
 
   vectorcraft-cli info FILE
-      Print a JSON summary: title, colour mode, units, artboards, object counts by kind, fonts.
+      Print a JSON summary: the import warnings (what didn't come in as it was, such as an EPS
+      read from its preview and why), title, colour mode, units, artboards, object counts by
+      kind, fonts.
 
   vectorcraft-cli bench FILE [--size WxH] [--iters N]
       Render FILE (any readable format) fitted to WxH (default 2880x1800) and print ms per frame
@@ -90,6 +99,9 @@ fn usage() -> String {
 }
 
 fn main() -> ExitCode {
+    // Before any font lookup: the fonts font services load (#579).
+    #[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+    system_fonts::install();
     let args: Vec<String> = std::env::args().skip(1).collect();
     let r = match args.first().map(String::as_str) {
         Some("mcp") => mcp(&args[1..]),
@@ -175,12 +187,10 @@ fn convert(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
     let [input, output] = <[String; 2]>::try_from(files).map_err(|_| "convert needs IN and OUT")?;
     let mut h = Headless::new();
     h.call("app.open", json!({"path": input})).map_err(|e| format!("open {input}: {e}"))?;
-    let r = h
-        .call(
-            "engine.execute",
-            json!({"command": "document.export", "params": {"path": output, "scale": scale, "artboard": artboard, "range": range, "outlineText": outline_text}}),
-        )
-        .map_err(|e| format!("export {output}: {e}"))?;
+    // A conversion keeps hidden layers and objects, written hidden, where the format can (SVG,
+    // PSD).
+    let params = json!({"path": output, "scale": scale, "artboard": artboard, "range": range, "outlineText": outline_text, "hiddenLayers": true});
+    let r = h.call("engine.execute", json!({"command": "document.export", "params": params})).map_err(|e| format!("export {output}: {e}"))?;
     outln!("{r}");
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -188,7 +198,7 @@ fn convert(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
 fn info(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
     let file = args.first().ok_or("info needs a FILE")?;
     let mut h = Headless::new();
-    h.call("app.open", json!({"path": file})).map_err(|e| format!("open {file}: {e}"))?;
+    let opened = h.call("app.open", json!({"path": file})).map_err(|e| format!("open {file}: {e}"))?;
     let base = h.call("engine.execute", json!({"command": "file.info", "params": {}}))?;
     let doc = h.session.doc().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?.doc.clone();
     let mut kinds: std::collections::BTreeMap<&'static str, usize> = Default::default();
@@ -196,7 +206,8 @@ fn info(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
     let fonts = h.call("engine.execute", json!({"command": "text.fonts", "params": {}})).unwrap_or(Value::Null);
     let artboards: Vec<Value> =
         doc.artboards.iter().map(|a| json!({"name": a.name, "rect": [a.rect.x0, a.rect.y0, a.rect.width(), a.rect.height()]})).collect();
-    let v = json!({"file": file, "info": base, "artboards": artboards, "kinds": kinds, "fonts": fonts});
+    // What didn't come in as it was (an EPS read from its preview says why).
+    let v = json!({"file": file, "warnings": opened["warnings"], "info": base, "artboards": artboards, "kinds": kinds, "fonts": fonts});
     outln!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&v).unwrap_or_default());
     Ok(())
 }

apps/vectorcraft-cli/src/perf.rs

@@ -70,6 +70,49 @@ fn load_average() -> Option<f64> {
     text.split_whitespace().map(|t| t.trim_matches(|c| c == '{' || c == '}')).find_map(|t| t.parse().ok())
 }
 
+/// Milliseconds per pointer move of a Direct Selection drag of a handle, then of a segment, of a
+/// 5,000-anchor wave of smooth anchors added on top of the synthetic `n`-path document.
+fn edit_drags(n: usize) -> Result<(f64, f64), String> {
+    use vectorcraft_engine::tools::{Mods, PointerEvent, PointerKind};
+    use vectorcraft_geom::{Anchor, PathData, SubPath, Vec2};
+    let mut doc = synthetic(n)?;
+    let l = doc.layers.first().map(|l| l.id);
+    let id = doc.alloc_id();
+    // Anchors 2 pt apart, up and down by 20 pt, their handles 0.6 pt long.
+    let anchor = |i: usize| {
+        let p = Point::new(i as f64 * 2.0, if i.is_multiple_of(2) { 500.0 } else { 520.0 });
+        Anchor::smooth(p, p + Vec2::new(0.6, 0.0))
+    };
+    let path = PathData::single(SubPath::new((0..5000).map(anchor).collect(), false));
+    doc.insert(l, usize::MAX, Node::path(id, path, Appearance::default_art())).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let mut s = vectorcraft_engine::Session::new();
+    s.add_document(doc, None);
+    let view = vectorcraft_engine::ViewInfo { zoom: 8.0, ..Default::default() };
+    let err = |e: vectorcraft_engine::EngineError| e.to_string();
+    let mut drag = |down: Point| -> Result<f64, String> {
+        let ev = |kind, y: f64| PointerEvent { kind, pos: down + Vec2::new(0.0, y), mods: Mods::default(), pressure: 1.0 };
+        s.execute("select.anchors", &json!({"id": id.0, "anchors": [[0, 400]]})).map_err(err)?;
+        s.select_tool("directSelection", view).map_err(err)?;
+        let undo = s.doc().map_err(err)?.history.undo.len();
+        s.pointer(&ev(PointerKind::Down, 0.0), view).map_err(err)?;
+        let mut y = 0.0;
+        let ms = median_ms(9, || {
+            y += 3.0;
+            // A failed move shows as the missing undo step below.
+            let _ = s.pointer(&ev(PointerKind::Drag, y), view);
+        });
+        s.pointer(&ev(PointerKind::Up, y), view).map_err(err)?;
+        if s.doc().map_err(err)?.history.undo.len() != undo + 1 {
+            return Err(format!("the drag from {down:?} made no undo step"));
+        }
+        Ok(ms)
+    };
+    // Anchor 400 is at (800, 500): its outgoing handle's end, then its segment to anchor 401.
+    let handle = drag(Point::new(800.6, 500.0))?;
+    let segment = drag(Point::new(801.0, 510.0))?;
+    Ok((handle, segment))
+}
+
 pub fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
     let mut n = 50_000usize;
     let mut it = args.iter();
@@ -145,6 +188,15 @@ pub fn run(args: &[String]) -> Result<(), String> {
         }
     });
     rows.push(("Pathfinder Unite, 1,000 paths", unite, 150.0));
+
+    // Path editing: one pointer move of a Direct Selection drag (the tool event and the preview it
+    // applies), on a 5,000-anchor path among the synthetic paths.
+    let (handle, segment) = edit_drags(n).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        failed = Some(e);
+        (0.0, 0.0)
+    });
+    rows.push(("handle drag, 5,000-anchor path (per move)", handle, 8.0));
+    rows.push(("segment drag, 5,000-anchor path (per move)", segment, 8.0));
     if let Some(e) = failed {
         return Err(e);
     }

apps/vectorcraft-cli/tests/fileio.rs

@@ -82,3 +82,14 @@ fn help_lists_readable_formats() {
     let out = ok(&["--help"]);
     assert!(out.contains("Readable formats: .vectorcraft") && out.contains(".ait") && out.contains(".webp"), "{out}");
 }
+
+/// `info` reports the import warnings: an EPS read only up to an error names it.
+#[test]
+fn info_reports_why_an_eps_read_partly() {
+    let eps = tmp("partial.eps");
+    std::fs::write(&eps, "%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n%%BoundingBox: 0 0 100 100\n%%EndComments\n0 0 10 10 rectfill frobnicate\n%%EOF\n").unwrap();
+    let v = info(&eps);
+    let w = v["warnings"][0].as_str().unwrap_or_default();
+    assert!(w.contains("`frobnicate`"), "{v}");
+    assert_eq!(v["kinds"]["Path"], 1, "{v}");
+}

apps/vectorcraft-web/Cargo.toml

@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ rfd = { workspace = true }
 wasm-bindgen = "0.2"
 wasm-bindgen-futures = "0.4"
 js-sys = "0.3"
-web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["Window", "Document", "Element", "HtmlElement", "HtmlCanvasElement", "HtmlIFrameElement", "HtmlAnchorElement", "Blob", "BlobPropertyBag", "Url", "Location", "CssStyleDeclaration", "Event", "EventTarget", "MouseEvent", "DragEvent", "Storage", "Navigator"] }
+web-sys = { version = "0.3", features = ["Window", "Document", "Element", "HtmlElement", "HtmlCanvasElement", "HtmlIFrameElement", "HtmlAnchorElement", "Blob", "BlobPropertyBag", "ClipboardEvent", "DataTransfer", "File", "FileList", "Url", "Location", "CssStyleDeclaration", "Event", "EventTarget", "MouseEvent", "DragEvent", "Storage", "Navigator"] }

apps/vectorcraft-web/src/web.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-//! The browser shell: web `Services`, drag-and-drop, the eframe web runner, and starting again
-//! with new graphics when the page loses them (#369).
+//! The browser shell: web `Services`, drag-and-drop, pasted pictures and files, the eframe web
+//! runner, and starting again with new graphics when the page loses them (#369).
 
 use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
+use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, file_flavour, is_address};
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::recovery::{self, Hold, RecoveryStore};
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::graphics::GraphicsLoss;
@@ -23,6 +24,14 @@ type Inbox = Arc<Mutex<Vec<(String, Vec<u8>)>>>;
 /// whether Shift was held: where dropped files land.
 type DragPos = Rc<Cell<Option<(f32, f32, bool)>>>;
 
+/// A picture or file pasted into the page, read and waiting for the next frame with the modifiers
+/// held at the paste, and the context to wake for it (the current runner's).
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Pasted {
+    flavour: Option<(Flavour, egui::Modifiers)>,
+    ctx: Option<egui::Context>,
+}
+
 const CANVAS_ID: &str = "vectorcraft_canvas";
 const LOADING_ID: &str = "vectorcraft_loading";
 
@@ -37,6 +46,7 @@ struct Host {
     inbox: Inbox,
     place_inbox: PlaceInbox,
     drag: DragPos,
+    pasted: Rc<RefCell<Pasted>>,
     /// The page's Web Locks for Data Recovery, started once before the first frame: a graphics
     /// restart keeps them, so the tab stays the owner of its recovery area.
     locks: Option<WebLocks>,
@@ -59,9 +69,11 @@ pub fn start() {
             inbox: Arc::default(),
             place_inbox: Arc::default(),
             drag: DragPos::default(),
+            pasted: Rc::default(),
             locks,
             restarts: 0,
         };
+        track_paste(&host.pasted);
         run(host, canvas, None).await;
     });
 }
@@ -94,6 +106,7 @@ async fn run(host: Host, canvas: web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement, moving: Option<Movi
                     let (loss, ctx) = (loss.clone(), ctx.clone());
                     rs.device.set_device_lost_callback(move |reason, msg| loss.report(&ctx, format!("{reason:?}: {msg}")));
                 }
+                host.pasted.borrow_mut().ctx = Some(ctx.clone());
                 let services = services(host.inbox.clone(), host.place_inbox.clone(), ctx.clone(), host.locks.clone());
                 let app = match taken.borrow_mut().take() {
                     Some(mut app) => {
@@ -178,6 +191,51 @@ fn track_drag(canvas: &web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement, pos: &DragPos) {
     on_drag.forget();
 }
 
+/// Take pictures and files pasted into the page (egui reads a paste's text only): a paste without
+/// text hands the first of its files that is art (a bitmap, SVG, PDF, a metafile) to the next
+/// frame. Text, SVG markup among it, is left to egui.
+fn track_paste(pasted: &Rc<RefCell<Pasted>>) {
+    let Some(window) = web_sys::window() else { return };
+    let pasted = pasted.clone();
+    let on_paste = wasm_bindgen::closure::Closure::<dyn FnMut(web_sys::ClipboardEvent)>::new(move |e: web_sys::ClipboardEvent| {
+        let Some(data) = e.clipboard_data() else { return };
+        let Some(files) = data.files().filter(|f| f.length() > 0) else { return };
+        // Text is egui's, but for the address a browser's Copy Image puts next to the picture.
+        if data.get_data("text").is_ok_and(|t| !t.is_empty() && !is_address(&t)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        e.prevent_default();
+        let held = pasted.borrow().ctx.as_ref().map(|c| c.input(|i| i.modifiers)).unwrap_or_default();
+        let files: Vec<web_sys::File> = (0..files.length()).filter_map(|i| files.get(i)).collect();
+        let pasted = pasted.clone();
+        wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
+            for file in files {
+                let bytes = match wasm_bindgen_futures::JsFuture::from(file.array_buffer()).await {
+                    Ok(buf) => js_sys::Uint8Array::new(&buf).to_vec(),
+                    Err(e) => {
+                        log::error!("couldn't read the pasted file {}: {}", file.name(), js_err(e));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                };
+                if let Some(mime) = file_flavour(&file.name(), bytes.get(..FILE_HEAD).unwrap_or(&bytes), &PASTE_ORDER) {
+                    let mut p = pasted.borrow_mut();
+                    p.flavour = Some((Flavour { mime, data: bytes }, held));
+                    if let Some(ctx) = &p.ctx {
+                        ctx.request_repaint();
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    });
+    // Captured before eframe's own listener, which stops the event.
+    if let Err(e) = window.add_event_listener_with_callback_and_bool("paste", on_paste.as_ref().unchecked_ref(), true) {
+        log::error!("couldn't follow paste events: {e:?}");
+    }
+    // The listener lives as long as the page.
+    on_paste.forget();
+}
+
 /// Report the loss of `canvas`'s WebGL context to `loss` (WebGPU devices report theirs through
 /// wgpu).
 fn watch_canvas(canvas: &web_sys::HtmlCanvasElement, loss: &GraphicsLoss, ctx: &egui::Context) {
@@ -284,15 +342,20 @@ impl eframe::App for WebShell {
             self.restart(&why);
         }
         let Some(app) = &mut self.app else { return };
+        let pasted = self.host.pasted.borrow_mut().flavour.take();
+        if let Some((f, held)) = pasted {
+            app.paste_from_host(ctx, f, held);
+        }
         let dropped = ctx.input_mut(|i| std::mem::take(&mut i.raw.dropped_files));
         if !dropped.is_empty() {
             let at = self.host.drag.take();
             let z = ctx.zoom_factor();
-            let target = app.drop_target(at.map(|(x, y, _)| egui::pos2(x / z, y / z)), at.is_some_and(|a| a.2));
+            let (pos, shift) = (at.map(|(x, y, _)| egui::pos2(x / z, y / z)), at.is_some_and(|a| a.2));
             for f in dropped {
+                let name = f.path().file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().to_string()).unwrap_or_else(|| "dropped".into());
+                let target = app.drop_target(&name, pos, shift);
                 let (inbox, place_inbox, ctx) = (self.host.inbox.clone(), self.host.place_inbox.clone(), ctx.clone());
                 wasm_bindgen_futures::spawn_local(async move {
-                    let name = f.path().file_name().map(|n| n.to_string_lossy().to_string()).unwrap_or_else(|| "dropped".into());
                     match f.bytes_async().await {
                         Ok(bytes) => {
                             match target {

apps/vectorcraft/Cargo.toml

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ windows7 = ["eframe/glow"]
 [dependencies]
 vectorcraft-engine = { workspace = true }
 vectorcraft-ui-egui = { workspace = true }
+vectorcraft-text = { workspace = true }
 eframe = { workspace = true, features = ["default_fonts", "wayland", "x11"] }
 egui = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
@@ -36,12 +37,19 @@ winit = { version = "0.30", default-features = false }
 [target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
 clipboard-win = { workspace = true }
 
+# DirectWrite's system font collection (src/system_fonts.rs): fonts that font services such as
+# Adobe Fonts load in place (#579). MIT OR Apache-2.0, already in the build through accesskit.
+[target.'cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))'.dependencies]
+windows = { version = "0.62", features = ["Win32_Graphics_DirectWrite"] }
+
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
-muda = { version = "0.21", default-features = false }
+# The macOS menu bar (src/mac_menu.rs): Tauri's menu crate, AppKit menus behind a safe API (no GTK
+# with default features off). Pinned exactly: review the diff before bumping.
+muda = { version = "=0.21.1", default-features = false }
 objc2 = "0.6"
-objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "NSApplication", "NSResponder", "NSTextInputContext"] }
-# Files opened from Finder and the Dock (src/open_documents.rs); both already come with winit, muda and rfd.
-objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "block2", "NSArray", "NSNotification", "NSOperation", "NSString", "NSURL"] }
+objc2-app-kit = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "NSApplication", "NSMenu", "NSEvent", "NSPasteboard", "NSResponder", "NSTextInputContext"] }
+# Files opened from Finder and the Dock (src/open_documents.rs) and pasted bitmaps (src/clipboard.rs); both already come with winit, muda and rfd.
+objc2-foundation = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["std", "block2", "NSArray", "NSData", "NSNotification", "NSOperation", "NSString", "NSURL"] }
 block2 = "0.6"
 
 [build-dependencies]

apps/vectorcraft/src/clipboard.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 //! (`Services::system_clipboard`).
 //!
 //! - Windows: text, SVG, PDF, PNG and an opaque bitmap (for apps that don't read PNG) in one go;
-//!   Paste reads each of them.
+//!   Paste reads each of them, a bitmap as PNG, else as the device-independent bitmap that
+//!   screenshots and most apps copy (`CF_DIBV5`, `CF_DIB`; the system makes them of a `CF_BITMAP`).
 //! - macOS and Linux: one format at a time, the text (a type-only copy's text or the SVG markup),
-//!   else the PNG as a bitmap; Paste reads text and bitmaps. On Wayland, arboard's data-control
+//!   else the PNG as a bitmap; Paste reads text and bitmaps (on macOS the pasteboard's PNG or TIFF
+//!   as they are, as screenshots copy them). On Wayland, arboard's data-control
 //!   backend reads the compositor's clipboard (X11 through XWayland only sees what X11 apps
 //!   copied), falling back to X11 where the compositor lacks the protocol.
 //! - Everywhere: files copied in a file manager paste as the first one that is art (SVG, PDF, a
@@ -30,10 +32,79 @@ fn text_of(flavours: &[Flavour]) -> Option<String> {
     flavours.iter().find(|f| f.mime == TEXT).map(|f| String::from_utf8_lossy(&f.data).into_owned())
 }
 
+/// Most pixels a side of a bitmap another app put on the clipboard (untrusted data).
+const MAX_SIDE: u32 = 32_768;
+
 fn decode_png(png: &[u8]) -> Option<image::RgbaImage> {
     Some(image::load_from_memory_with_format(png, image::ImageFormat::Png).ok()?.to_rgba8())
 }
 
+/// `img` as a PNG flavour.
+fn png_flavour(img: &image::RgbaImage) -> Option<Flavour> {
+    let mut data = vec![];
+    img.write_to(&mut Cursor::new(&mut data), image::ImageFormat::Png).ok()?;
+    Some(Flavour { mime: PNG, data })
+}
+
+/// A Windows device-independent bitmap (`CF_DIB`, `CF_DIBV5`: a BITMAPINFO header, the colour
+/// masks of a BITMAPINFOHEADER, the colour table, then the pixels) as a BMP file, whose header
+/// says where the pixels start. `None` when the header is cut short or out of range.
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
+fn dib_file(dib: &[u8]) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    const BI_BITFIELDS: u32 = 3;
+    const BI_ALPHABITFIELDS: u32 = 6;
+    let u16_at = |i: usize| Some(u16::from_le_bytes(dib.get(i..i + 2)?.try_into().ok()?));
+    let u32_at = |i: usize| Some(u32::from_le_bytes(dib.get(i..i + 4)?.try_into().ok()?));
+    let header = u32_at(0)?;
+    // BITMAPCOREHEADER has 16-bit fields and 3-byte colours; the others 32-bit fields, 4-byte
+    // colours and a count of them (0: all a palette of the depth has), the 40-byte one its masks
+    // after it.
+    let (bits, used, entry, masks) = match header {
+        12 => (u16_at(10)?, 0, 3, 0),
+        _ => {
+            let masks = match (header, u32_at(16)?) {
+                (40, BI_BITFIELDS) => 12,
+                (40, BI_ALPHABITFIELDS) => 16,
+                _ => 0,
+            };
+            (u16_at(14)?, u32_at(32)?, 4, masks)
+        }
+    };
+    let colours = match used {
+        0 if bits <= 8 => 1 << bits,
+        n if n <= 256 => n,
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+    let offset = [header, masks, colours * entry].into_iter().try_fold(14u32, u32::checked_add)?;
+    let size = u32::try_from(dib.len()).ok()?.checked_add(14)?;
+    if offset > size {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let mut bmp = Vec::with_capacity(dib.len() + 14);
+    bmp.extend_from_slice(b"BM");
+    bmp.extend_from_slice(&size.to_le_bytes());
+    bmp.extend_from_slice(&[0; 4]);
+    bmp.extend_from_slice(&offset.to_le_bytes());
+    bmp.extend_from_slice(dib);
+    Some(bmp)
+}
+
+/// A device-independent bitmap as an image, at most [`MAX_SIDE`] pixels a side. It is opaque when
+/// its alpha is zero throughout: screenshots and most apps leave the fourth byte of a 32-bit pixel
+/// at zero, even under an alpha mask.
+#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
+fn dib_image(dib: &[u8]) -> Option<image::RgbaImage> {
+    let mut reader = image::ImageReader::with_format(Cursor::new(dib_file(dib)?), image::ImageFormat::Bmp);
+    let mut limits = image::Limits::default();
+    (limits.max_image_width, limits.max_image_height) = (Some(MAX_SIDE), Some(MAX_SIDE));
+    reader.limits(limits);
+    let mut img = reader.decode().ok()?.into_rgba8();
+    if img.pixels().all(|p| p.0[3] == 0) {
+        img.pixels_mut().for_each(|p| p.0[3] = u8::MAX);
+    }
+    Some(img)
+}
+
 /// The first of `paths` (files copied in a file manager) that pastes as one of `mimes`, read
 /// whole. Only its first bytes are read to tell, so other files cost little.
 fn copied_file(paths: Vec<PathBuf>, mimes: &[&'static str]) -> Option<Flavour> {
@@ -71,6 +142,10 @@ mod win {
         }
     }
 
+    /// The device-independent bitmaps, the one that carries alpha first. Each is there whenever the
+    /// other or a `CF_BITMAP` is: the system converts between them.
+    const DIBS: [u32; 2] = [formats::CF_DIBV5, formats::CF_DIB];
+
     fn formats_of(mime: &str) -> impl Iterator<Item = u32> {
         names(mime).iter().filter_map(|n| raw::register_format(n)).map(NonZeroU32::get)
     }
@@ -162,7 +237,7 @@ mod win {
             raw::is_format_avail(formats::CF_HDROP)
                 || mimes.iter().any(|m| match *m {
                     TEXT => raw::is_format_avail(formats::CF_UNICODETEXT),
-                    BITMAP => raw::is_format_avail(formats::CF_BITMAP) || formats_of(PNG).any(raw::is_format_avail),
+                    BITMAP => DIBS.into_iter().chain(formats_of(PNG)).any(raw::is_format_avail),
                     m => formats_of(m).any(raw::is_format_avail),
                 })
         }
@@ -182,9 +257,11 @@ mod win {
         let mime = match mime {
             BITMAP if read_registered(PNG, &mut data) => PNG,
             BITMAP => {
-                data.clear();
-                raw::get_bitmap(&mut data).ok()?;
-                "image/bmp"
+                return DIBS.into_iter().find_map(|id| {
+                    data.clear();
+                    raw::get_vec(id, &mut data).ok()?;
+                    png_flavour(&dib_image(&data)?)
+                });
             }
             TEXT => {
                 raw::get_string(&mut data).ok()?;
@@ -210,13 +287,6 @@ mod portable {
 
     use super::*;
 
-    /// `img` as PNG bytes.
-    fn encode_png(img: &image::RgbaImage) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
-        let mut out = vec![];
-        img.write_to(&mut Cursor::new(&mut out), image::ImageFormat::Png).ok()?;
-        Some(out)
-    }
-
     /// What our last write put on the clipboard.
     enum Ours {
         Text(String),
@@ -283,21 +353,65 @@ mod portable {
             mimes.iter().find_map(|m| match *m {
                 TEXT => cb.get_text().ok().filter(|t| !t.is_empty()).map(|t| Flavour { mime: TEXT, data: t.into_bytes() }),
                 BITMAP => {
+                    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+                    if let Some(f) = super::mac::bitmap() {
+                        return Some(f);
+                    }
                     let img = cb.get_image().ok()?;
                     let rgba = image::RgbaImage::from_raw(u32::try_from(img.width).ok()?, u32::try_from(img.height).ok()?, img.bytes.into_owned())?;
-                    encode_png(&rgba).map(|data| Flavour { mime: PNG, data })
+                    png_flavour(&rgba)
                 }
                 _ => None,
             })
         }
 
-        /// Text only: reading a bitmap costs as much as pasting it.
+        /// Text, and on macOS a bitmap (by the pasteboard's types). Linux has no cheap way to ask
+        /// for a bitmap (reading one costs as much as pasting it): the paste keys take it, the
+        /// menu item waits for text.
         fn has(&mut self, mimes: &[&'static str]) -> bool {
+            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+            if mimes.contains(&BITMAP) && super::mac::has_bitmap() {
+                return true;
+            }
             mimes.contains(&TEXT) && self.cb().is_ok_and(|cb| cb.get_text().is_ok_and(|t| !t.is_empty()))
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// The macOS pasteboard's bitmaps as they are (arboard reads TIFF only, and decodes it).
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+mod mac {
+    use objc2::rc::autoreleasepool;
+    use objc2_app_kit::NSPasteboard;
+    use objc2_foundation::{NSArray, NSString};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// The bitmap types Paste reads, best first (the values of `NSPasteboardTypePNG` and
+    /// `NSPasteboardTypeTIFF`), with their MIME types.
+    const TYPES: [(&str, &str); 2] = [("public.png", PNG), ("public.tiff", "image/tiff")];
+
+    /// Does the pasteboard hold a bitmap? Asks for its types only.
+    pub fn has_bitmap() -> bool {
+        autoreleasepool(|_| {
+            let types = TYPES.map(|(t, _)| NSString::from_str(t));
+            let types: Vec<&NSString> = types.iter().map(|t| &**t).collect();
+            NSPasteboard::generalPasteboard().availableTypeFromArray(&NSArray::from_slice(&types)).is_some()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// The pasteboard's bitmap, PNG before TIFF.
+    pub fn bitmap() -> Option<Flavour> {
+        autoreleasepool(|_| {
+            let pasteboard = NSPasteboard::generalPasteboard();
+            TYPES.into_iter().find_map(|(t, mime)| {
+                let data = pasteboard.dataForType(&NSString::from_str(t))?.to_vec();
+                (!data.is_empty()).then_some(Flavour { mime, data })
+            })
+        })
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::clipboard::{PASTE_ORDER, SVG};
@@ -341,4 +455,95 @@ mod tests {
         let with_cr = PathBuf::from(format!("{}\r", red.display()));
         assert_eq!(copied_file(vec![with_cr], &PASTE_ORDER).map(|f| f.mime), Some(PNG));
     }
+
+    /// A DIB of `w`×`h` pixels (top row first when `h` is negative): a `header`-byte header (40,
+    /// or 124 for a BITMAPV5HEADER with BGRA masks), `extra` (the masks after a 40-byte header, a
+    /// colour table), then `rows`, each padded to 4 bytes.
+    fn dib(header: u32, w: i32, h: i32, bits: u16, compression: u32, extra: &[u8], rows: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut d = vec![];
+        d.extend(header.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend(w.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend(h.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend(1u16.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend(bits.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend(compression.to_le_bytes());
+        d.extend((rows.len() as u32).to_le_bytes());
+        // 96 ppi, every colour of the table used.
+        d.extend([3780u32, 3780, 0, 0].iter().flat_map(|v| v.to_le_bytes()));
+        if header == 124 {
+            d.extend([0x00FF_0000u32, 0xFF00, 0xFF, 0xFF00_0000, 0x7352_4742].iter().flat_map(|v| v.to_le_bytes()));
+            d.resize(124, 0);
+        }
+        d.extend_from_slice(extra);
+        d.extend_from_slice(rows);
+        d
+    }
+
+    /// 32-bit BGRA rows of `px` (top row first).
+    fn bgra(px: &[[u8; 4]]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        px.iter().flat_map(|[r, g, b, a]| [*b, *g, *r, *a]).collect()
+    }
+
+    const RED: [u8; 4] = [255, 0, 0, 255];
+    const BLUE: [u8; 4] = [0, 0, 255, 255];
+
+    fn pixels(img: &image::RgbaImage) -> Vec<[u8; 4]> {
+        img.pixels().map(|p| p.0).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_screenshot_dib_pastes_opaque_and_upright() {
+        // CF_DIB as screenshots copy it: 32-bit BI_RGB, bottom row first, the fourth byte zero.
+        let rows = bgra(&[[0, 0, 255, 0], [0, 0, 255, 0], [255, 0, 0, 0], [255, 0, 0, 0]]);
+        let img = dib_image(&dib(40, 2, 2, 32, 0, &[], &rows)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&img), [RED, RED, BLUE, BLUE]);
+        // The same bitmap with an alpha mask (CF_DIBV5), alpha still zero throughout: opaque too.
+        let img = dib_image(&dib(124, 2, -2, 32, 3, &[], &bgra(&[[255, 0, 0, 0]; 4]))).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&img), [RED; 4]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_dibv5_keeps_its_alpha_top_down() {
+        // A negative height: top row first.
+        let rows = bgra(&[[255, 0, 0, 128], [255, 0, 0, 128], [0, 0, 255, 0], [0, 0, 255, 255]]);
+        let img = dib_image(&dib(124, 2, -2, 32, 3, &[], &rows)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&img), [[255, 0, 0, 128], [255, 0, 0, 128], [0, 0, 255, 0], BLUE]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn masks_and_colour_tables_come_before_the_pixels() {
+        // BI_BITFIELDS after a 40-byte header: three masks between it and the pixels.
+        let masks: Vec<u8> = [0x00FF_0000u32, 0xFF00, 0xFF].iter().flat_map(|v| v.to_le_bytes()).collect();
+        let img = dib_image(&dib(40, 1, 1, 32, 3, &masks, &bgra(&[[0, 0, 255, 0]]))).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&img), [BLUE]);
+        // 8-bit, two colours used, rows padded to 4 bytes, bottom row first.
+        let mut table = bgra(&[RED, BLUE]);
+        table[3] = 0;
+        let mut d = dib(40, 3, 2, 8, 0, &table, &[1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]);
+        d[32..36].copy_from_slice(&2u32.to_le_bytes());
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&dib_image(&d).unwrap()), [RED, BLUE, RED, BLUE, BLUE, BLUE]);
+        // 24-bit, rows padded.
+        let img = dib_image(&dib(40, 1, 2, 24, 0, &[], &[255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 255, 0])).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pixels(&img), [RED, BLUE]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn untrusted_dibs_are_refused_not_trusted() {
+        let one = bgra(&[RED]);
+        // Too large a side (the pixels aren't even there), cut short, a header or a colour count
+        // out of range, no pixels.
+        assert!(dib_image(&dib(40, MAX_SIDE as i32 + 1, 1, 32, 0, &[], &one)).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&dib(40, 1, -(MAX_SIDE as i32) - 1, 32, 0, &[], &one)).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&dib(40, 4096, 4096, 32, 0, &[], &one)).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&[40, 0, 0]).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&[]).is_none());
+        let mut d = dib(40, 1, 1, 32, 0, &[], &one);
+        d[0..4].copy_from_slice(&u32::MAX.to_le_bytes());
+        assert!(dib_image(&d).is_none());
+        let mut d = dib(40, 1, 1, 8, 0, &[], &[0; 4]);
+        d[32..36].copy_from_slice(&u32::MAX.to_le_bytes());
+        assert!(dib_file(&d).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&dib(40, 1, 1, 32, 0, &[], &[])).is_none());
+        assert!(dib_image(&dib(40, 0, 0, 32, 0, &[], &[])).is_none());
+    }
 }

apps/vectorcraft/src/gpu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+//! Which graphics adapter the window renders with (#306, #502), and what happens when it can't
+//! show the window.
+//!
+//! The canvas is rasterized on the CPU; the GPU only composites it and draws the UI, so any
+//! adapter that can present to the window will do. [`adapter_order`] ranks the adapters: those that
+//! can't present to the window's surface never, then the one `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME` names, hardware
+//! before software, the native backends (Vulkan, Metal, DX12) before OpenGL, the power preference
+//! ([`power_preference`]) among the rest, and a GPU's DX12 adapter before its Vulkan one (#545).
+//! eframe is handed [`selector`], which takes the first of that order.
+//!
+//! An adapter can report that it presents to the window and still fail once it does: on a hybrid
+//! Linux desktop under Wayland, the compositor runs on one GPU and may refuse the frame buffers
+//! another GPU allocates, which kills the window's Wayland connection; egui-wgpu then panics while
+//! configuring the surface (#502). Nothing in the process can show a window after that, so when
+//! the graphics fail while the window is starting up, [`finish`] starts the app again without
+//! that adapter, as the next one in the order would be tried. Each restart leaves out one more
+//! adapter, so it ends when none is left.
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, OnceLock};
+
+use eframe::egui_wgpu::NativeAdapterSelectorMethod;
+use eframe::wgpu::{self, Backend, DeviceType, PowerPreference};
+
+/// The adapters a restart leaves out, those the window failed on, as comma-separated
+/// `backend:vendor:device` keys (`Vulkan:1002:164e`). Set by the app itself when it starts again.
+pub const SKIP_ENV: &str = "VECTORCRAFT_GPU_SKIP";
+
+/// wgpu's variable for choosing an adapter by (part of) its name, any case.
+const NAME_ENV: &str = "WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME";
+
+/// Where to read how to choose another adapter, for the error that ends the app.
+const HELP: &str =
+    "to choose a graphics adapter, see https://github.com/storytold/vectorcraft/blob/main/docs/development.md#desktop-graphics-processor";
+
+/// Frames the UI ran before the failure, below which it was still starting up. The failure in
+/// #502 came on the first or second frame; later, the adapter has proved itself, and a lost
+/// window is something else (such as the compositor restarting).
+const STARTUP_FRAMES: u64 = 10;
+
+/// The preference used when Preferences say Automatic. Windows and macOS show frames from any GPU
+/// (the integrated one avoids the flicker of #306). Elsewhere, the system's own order: Mesa's
+/// device-select layer puts the GPU the desktop runs on first (the integrated one on hybrid
+/// laptops), and a Wayland compositor may not show frames from another GPU (#502).
+pub const AUTOMATIC: PowerPreference = if cfg!(any(windows, target_os = "macos")) { PowerPreference::LowPower } else { PowerPreference::None };
+
+/// The power preference that orders the adapters: the `WGPU_POWER_PREF` environment variable
+/// (`low`, `high`, `none`) when set, otherwise Preferences › Performance › Graphics Processor
+/// (`gpuPreference`). Automatic, and any value this version doesn't know (0.5.0's default
+/// `powerSaving`, a newer or damaged preference file), is [`AUTOMATIC`].
+pub fn power_preference(pref: Option<&str>, env: Option<PowerPreference>) -> PowerPreference {
+    match (env, pref) {
+        (Some(p), _) => p,
+        (None, Some("highPerformance")) => PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
+        (None, Some("lowPower")) => PowerPreference::LowPower,
+        (None, _) => AUTOMATIC,
+    }
+}
+
+/// One adapter, as [`adapter_order`] sees it.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Candidate {
+    /// Identifies the adapter across a restart: `backend:vendor:device` ([`key`]).
+    pub key: String,
+    pub name: String,
+    pub backend: Backend,
+    pub device_type: DeviceType,
+    /// Reports that it can present to the window's surface.
+    pub presents: bool,
+}
+
+impl Candidate {
+    fn new(adapter: &wgpu::Adapter, surface: Option<&wgpu::Surface<'_>>) -> Self {
+        let info = adapter.get_info();
+        Self {
+            key: key(info.backend, info.vendor, info.device),
+            presents: surface.is_none_or(|s| adapter.is_surface_supported(s)),
+            name: info.name,
+            backend: info.backend,
+            device_type: info.device_type,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `backend:vendor:device`, e.g. `Vulkan:1002:164e` (PCI ids, as `MESA_VK_DEVICE_SELECT` takes them).
+fn key(backend: Backend, vendor: u32, device: u32) -> String {
+    format!("{backend:?}:{vendor:04x}:{device:04x}")
+}
+
+/// The order to try `candidates` in (their indices): only those that present to the window and
+/// aren't in `skip`; the one whose name contains `named` (any case) first; hardware before
+/// software; native backends before OpenGL; then by `power`; then DX12 before Vulkan, keeping the
+/// system's order among equals (all of it for [`PowerPreference::None`]). Windows lists each GPU
+/// under both, and Intel's Vulkan driver made the whole window flicker black where DX12 and OpenGL
+/// didn't (#545); elsewhere there is no DX12 adapter, so the order is unchanged.
+pub fn adapter_order(candidates: &[Candidate], power: PowerPreference, named: Option<&str>, skip: &[String]) -> Vec<usize> {
+    let named = named.map(str::to_lowercase).filter(|n| !n.is_empty());
+    let mut order: Vec<(usize, &Candidate)> = candidates.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| c.presents && !skip.contains(&c.key)).collect();
+    // Stable, so equals keep the system's order.
+    order.sort_by_key(|(_, c)| {
+        let unnamed = named.as_ref().is_some_and(|n| !c.name.to_lowercase().contains(n));
+        (unnamed, c.device_type == DeviceType::Cpu, c.backend == Backend::Gl, power_rank(c.device_type, power), c.backend == Backend::Vulkan)
+    });
+    order.into_iter().map(|(i, _)| i).collect()
+}
+
+/// wgpu's own ranking for a power preference: the preferred kind of GPU, the other kind, unknown,
+/// virtual, software.
+fn power_rank(t: DeviceType, power: PowerPreference) -> u8 {
+    match (power, t) {
+        (PowerPreference::None, _) => 0,
+        (PowerPreference::LowPower, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu) | (PowerPreference::HighPerformance, DeviceType::DiscreteGpu) => 0,
+        (_, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu | DeviceType::DiscreteGpu) => 1,
+        (_, DeviceType::Other) => 2,
+        (_, DeviceType::VirtualGpu) => 3,
+        (_, DeviceType::Cpu) => 4,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The adapters [`SKIP_ENV`] lists.
+pub fn skipped() -> Vec<String> {
+    std::env::var(SKIP_ENV).map(|v| parse_skip(&v)).unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+fn parse_skip(v: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    v.split(',').map(str::trim).filter(|k| !k.is_empty()).map(String::from).collect()
+}
+
+/// What the window's start-up leaves for [`finish`].
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Startup {
+    /// The key of the adapter [`selector`] picked.
+    adapter: OnceLock<String>,
+    /// The UI's context, which counts the frames run.
+    ui: OnceLock<egui::Context>,
+}
+
+impl Startup {
+    /// The app was created on `ctx`.
+    pub fn created(&self, ctx: &egui::Context) {
+        // Set once; the window is created once.
+        let _ = self.ui.set(ctx.clone());
+    }
+}
+
+/// eframe's adapter choice: the first of [`adapter_order`] for `power`, `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME` and the
+/// adapters a restart left out. Every adapter and the choice are logged, for bug reports.
+pub fn selector(power: PowerPreference, startup: Arc<Startup>) -> NativeAdapterSelectorMethod {
+    let named = std::env::var(NAME_ENV).ok();
+    let skip = skipped();
+    Arc::new(move |adapters, surface| {
+        let candidates: Vec<Candidate> = adapters.iter().map(|a| Candidate::new(a, surface)).collect();
+        let order = adapter_order(&candidates, power, named.as_deref(), &skip);
+        let listed: Vec<String> = candidates
+            .iter()
+            .map(|c| {
+                let note = if !c.presents {
+                    ", can't show the window"
+                } else if skip.contains(&c.key) {
+                    ", failed before"
+                } else {
+                    ""
+                };
+                format!("{} ({:?}, {:?}, {}{note})", c.name.trim(), c.backend, c.device_type, c.key)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        log::info!("graphics adapters: {}", listed.join("; "));
+        let first = order.first().and_then(|&i| adapters.get(i).zip(candidates.get(i)));
+        let Some((adapter, chosen)) = first else {
+            return Err(format!("no graphics adapter can show the window (power preference {power:?}, {} adapters)", adapters.len()));
+        };
+        // Set once; eframe picks the adapter once.
+        let _ = startup.adapter.set(chosen.key.clone());
+        Ok(adapter.clone())
+    })
+}
+
+/// The last panic came from the graphics stack (see [`watch_panics`]).
+static GRAPHICS_PANIC: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+/// Note whether each panic comes from the graphics stack, so [`finish`] can tell a failing adapter
+/// from a bug. The default hook still prints it.
+pub fn watch_panics() {
+    let default = std::panic::take_hook();
+    std::panic::set_hook(Box::new(move |info| {
+        GRAPHICS_PANIC.store(info.location().is_some_and(|l| in_graphics_stack(l.file())), Ordering::Relaxed);
+        default(info);
+    }));
+}
+
+/// A source file of wgpu (`wgpu-core-30.0.1/src/…`, `wgpu-hal-…`), egui-wgpu or naga.
+fn in_graphics_stack(file: &str) -> bool {
+    file.split(['/', '\\']).any(|dir| ["wgpu-", "egui-wgpu-", "naga-"].iter().any(|p| dir.starts_with(p)))
+}
+
+/// The adapter to start again without: the one picked, when the graphics failed while the window
+/// was starting up and it wasn't already left out.
+fn restart_without<'a>(graphics_failed: bool, frames: u64, picked: Option<&'a str>, skip: &[String]) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    picked.filter(|p| graphics_failed && frames < STARTUP_FRAMES && !skip.iter().any(|s| s == p))
+}
+
+/// After the window's run: `Ok` when it closed normally or the app started again (see the module
+/// docs), otherwise why it failed. `outcome` is eframe's result, or the message of a panic that
+/// ended it.
+pub fn finish(outcome: Result<eframe::Result, String>, startup: &Startup) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let (why, graphics_failed) = match outcome {
+        Ok(Ok(())) => return Ok(()),
+        Ok(Err(e @ eframe::Error::Wgpu(_))) => (e.to_string(), true),
+        Ok(Err(e)) => (e.to_string(), false),
+        Err(panic) => (panic, GRAPHICS_PANIC.load(Ordering::Relaxed)),
+    };
+    let frames = startup.ui.get().map_or(0, egui::Context::cumulative_frame_nr);
+    let mut skip = skipped();
+    let Some(failed) = restart_without(graphics_failed, frames, startup.adapter.get().map(String::as_str), &skip) else {
+        return Err(if graphics_failed { format!("{why} ({HELP})") } else { why });
+    };
+    log::error!("the window failed on graphics adapter {failed} ({why}): starting again without it");
+    skip.push(failed.to_string());
+    restart(&skip.join(",")).map_err(|e| format!("{why}; starting again failed: {e}"))
+}
+
+/// Start the app again with the same arguments, leaving out the adapters in `skip`. On Unix the
+/// new app replaces this process (same process id, so an AppImage keeps its files mounted), and
+/// this returns only on failure; on Windows it starts beside this one, which then exits.
+fn restart(skip: &str) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    log::logger().flush();
+    let mut c = std::process::Command::new(std::env::current_exe()?);
+    c.args(std::env::args_os().skip(1)).env(SKIP_ENV, skip);
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt as _;
+        Err(c.exec())
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(unix))]
+    c.spawn().map(|_| ())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn gpu(name: &str, backend: Backend, device_type: DeviceType) -> Candidate {
+        Candidate { key: format!("{backend:?}:{name}"), name: name.into(), backend, device_type, presents: true }
+    }
+
+    fn names(c: &[Candidate], order: &[usize]) -> Vec<String> {
+        order.iter().map(|&i| c[i].name.clone()).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// The machine of #502 as Vulkan lists it with Mesa's device-select layer: the GPU KDE's
+    /// compositor runs on (NVIDIA) first, then the Ryzen's integrated GPU, Mesa's software
+    /// renderer, and OpenGL.
+    fn issue_502() -> Vec<Candidate> {
+        vec![
+            gpu("NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::DiscreteGpu),
+            gpu("AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu),
+            gpu("llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::Cpu),
+            gpu("NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2", Backend::Gl, DeviceType::Other),
+        ]
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn automatic_keeps_the_systems_order_on_linux_and_saves_power_elsewhere() {
+        let c = issue_502();
+        let order = adapter_order(&c, power_preference(None, None), None, &[]);
+        let first = &c[order[0]].name;
+        if cfg!(any(windows, target_os = "macos")) {
+            assert_eq!(first, "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)");
+        } else {
+            // #502: the integrated GPU couldn't show frames to a compositor on the NVIDIA GPU.
+            assert_eq!(first, "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn each_preference_orders_the_adapters_then_falls_back_to_opengl_and_software() {
+        let c = issue_502();
+        let order = |power| names(&c, &adapter_order(&c, power, None, &[]));
+        assert_eq!(
+            order(PowerPreference::None),
+            [
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070",
+                "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2",
+                "llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)"
+            ]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            order(PowerPreference::LowPower),
+            [
+                "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2",
+                "llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)"
+            ]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            order(PowerPreference::HighPerformance),
+            [
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070",
+                "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2",
+                "llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)"
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// A restart leaves out the adapter the window failed on, so Power Saving on the machine of
+    /// #502 ends up on the NVIDIA GPU, and once every adapter failed there is nothing to try.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_restart_tries_the_next_adapter() {
+        let c = issue_502();
+        let mut skip = vec![];
+        let mut tried = vec![];
+        while let Some(&i) = adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, None, &skip).first() {
+            tried.push(c[i].name.clone());
+            skip.push(c[i].key.clone());
+        }
+        assert_eq!(
+            tried,
+            [
+                "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070",
+                "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2",
+                "llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)"
+            ]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn adapters_that_cannot_present_to_the_window_are_never_tried() {
+        let mut c = issue_502();
+        c[0].presents = false;
+        c[3].presents = false;
+        for power in [PowerPreference::None, PowerPreference::LowPower, PowerPreference::HighPerformance] {
+            let order = adapter_order(&c, power, None, &[]);
+            assert!(!order.contains(&0) && !order.contains(&3), "{power:?}: {order:?}");
+            assert_eq!(order.len(), 2);
+        }
+        for p in &mut c {
+            p.presents = false;
+        }
+        assert!(adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::None, None, &[]).is_empty());
+        assert!(adapter_order(&[], PowerPreference::HighPerformance, None, &[]).is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn wgpu_adapter_name_picks_an_adapter_first_and_the_rest_stay_as_fallbacks() {
+        let c = issue_502();
+        let order = adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::HighPerformance, Some("radv"), &[]);
+        assert_eq!(c[order[0]].name, "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (RADV RAPHAEL_MENDOCINO)");
+        assert_eq!(order.len(), 4);
+        // Any case; every match comes before the rest, natively first.
+        let order = adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, Some("GeForce"), &[]);
+        assert_eq!(names(&c, &order[..2]), ["NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070", "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070/PCIe/SSE2"]);
+        // An empty name or one nothing matches changes nothing.
+        for named in ["", "no such gpu"] {
+            assert_eq!(adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, Some(named), &[]), adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, None, &[]));
+        }
+        // A named adapter that failed is left out like any other.
+        let skip = vec![c[1].key.clone()];
+        assert_eq!(adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::None, Some("radv"), &skip)[0], 0);
+    }
+
+    /// A Windows machine lists every GPU twice (Vulkan and DX12): power saving still takes the
+    /// integrated GPU first, as wgpu's own choice did (#306), each GPU through DX12 first (#545).
+    #[test]
+    fn hybrid_laptop_on_windows_renders_on_the_integrated_gpu_with_power_saving() {
+        let c = vec![
+            gpu("Intel(R) Arc(TM) A370M", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::DiscreteGpu),
+            gpu("Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu),
+            gpu("Intel(R) Arc(TM) A370M", Backend::Dx12, DeviceType::DiscreteGpu),
+            gpu("Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics", Backend::Dx12, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu),
+            gpu("Microsoft Basic Render Driver", Backend::Dx12, DeviceType::Cpu),
+        ];
+        let order = adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, None, &[]);
+        assert_eq!(order, [3, 1, 2, 0, 4]);
+        assert_eq!(adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::HighPerformance, None, &[]), [2, 0, 3, 1, 4]);
+    }
+
+    /// The machine of #545: one Intel GPU, whose Vulkan driver made the window flicker black.
+    /// DX12 comes first whatever the preference; Vulkan stays a fallback, and `WGPU_ADAPTER_NAME`
+    /// or a restart leaving DX12 out still reach it.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_windows_gpu_renders_through_dx12_before_vulkan() {
+        let c = vec![
+            gpu("Intel(R) Graphics", Backend::Vulkan, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu),
+            gpu("Intel(R) Graphics", Backend::Dx12, DeviceType::IntegratedGpu),
+            gpu("Microsoft Basic Render Driver", Backend::Dx12, DeviceType::Cpu),
+            gpu("Intel(R) Graphics", Backend::Gl, DeviceType::Other),
+        ];
+        for power in [PowerPreference::LowPower, PowerPreference::HighPerformance, PowerPreference::None] {
+            assert_eq!(adapter_order(&c, power, None, &[]), [1, 0, 3, 2], "{power:?}");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(adapter_order(&c, PowerPreference::LowPower, None, &[c[1].key.clone()]), [0, 3, 2], "DX12 failed: Vulkan next");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn power_preference_follows_the_environment_then_the_preference() {
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(None, None), AUTOMATIC);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("automatic"), None), AUTOMATIC);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("lowPower"), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), None), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
+        // 0.5.0's default, and values this version doesn't know (a newer or damaged file).
+        for old in ["powerSaving", "turbo", ""] {
+            assert_eq!(power_preference(Some(old), None), AUTOMATIC, "{old}");
+        }
+        // WGPU_POWER_PREF wins over the preference, either way.
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("lowPower"), Some(PowerPreference::HighPerformance)), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), Some(PowerPreference::LowPower)), PowerPreference::LowPower);
+        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("lowPower"), Some(PowerPreference::None)), PowerPreference::None);
+        assert_eq!(AUTOMATIC, if cfg!(any(windows, target_os = "macos")) { PowerPreference::LowPower } else { PowerPreference::None });
+    }
+
+    /// The preference the engine saves is the one the app reads back before the window opens.
+    #[test]
+    fn the_saved_engine_preference_is_found() {
+        let mut prefs = vectorcraft_engine::Prefs::default();
+        let saved = prefs.to_json();
+        assert_eq!(saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str), Some("automatic"));
+        for (value, power) in [("lowPower", PowerPreference::LowPower), ("highPerformance", PowerPreference::HighPerformance)] {
+            prefs.gpu_preference = value.into();
+            let saved = prefs.to_json();
+            assert_eq!(power_preference(saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str), None), power);
+        }
+        // Every choice Preferences offer means something here.
+        for (value, _) in vectorcraft_engine::cmd::prefscmds::GPU_PREFERENCES {
+            assert!(["automatic", "lowPower", "highPerformance"].contains(value), "{value}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn skipped_adapters_parse_from_a_comma_separated_list() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_skip("Vulkan:1002:164e, Gl:10de:2f04,,"), ["Vulkan:1002:164e", "Gl:10de:2f04"]);
+        assert!(parse_skip("").is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(key(Backend::Vulkan, 0x1002, 0x164e), "Vulkan:1002:164e");
+        assert_eq!(key(Backend::Gl, 0x10de, 0x2f04), "Gl:10de:2f04");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn panics_in_wgpu_egui_wgpu_and_naga_are_graphics_failures() {
+        for file in [
+            "/home/u/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f/egui-wgpu-0.36.2/src/winit.rs",
+            r"C:\Users\u\.cargo\registry\src\index.crates.io-1949cf8c6b5b557f\wgpu-core-30.0.1\src\device\mod.rs",
+            "/rustc/deps/wgpu-hal-30.0.1/src/vulkan/adapter.rs",
+            "naga-30.0.0/src/back/spv/writer.rs",
+        ] {
+            assert!(in_graphics_stack(file), "{file}");
+        }
+        for file in [
+            "apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs",
+            "/home/wgpu/vectorcraft/crates/ui-egui/src/lib.rs",
+            "egui-0.36.2/src/context.rs",
+            "winit-0.30.12/src/x.rs",
+        ] {
+            assert!(!in_graphics_stack(file), "{file}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn only_a_graphics_failure_while_starting_up_restarts_without_the_adapter() {
+        let amd = Some("Vulkan:1002:164e");
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(true, 0, amd, &[]), amd);
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(true, STARTUP_FRAMES - 1, amd, &[]), amd);
+        // After start-up the adapter has shown frames; a lost window is something else.
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(true, STARTUP_FRAMES, amd, &[]), None);
+        // A bug outside the graphics, or no adapter picked: nothing another adapter would change.
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(false, 0, amd, &[]), None);
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(true, 0, None, &[]), None);
+        // Never the same adapter twice, so restarts end.
+        assert_eq!(restart_without(true, 0, amd, &["Vulkan:1002:164e".into()]), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_normal_exit_or_another_failure_does_not_restart() {
+        let startup = Startup::default();
+        assert_eq!(finish(Ok(Ok(())), &startup), Ok(()));
+        // No adapter was picked (none can show the window): the error is returned, nothing restarts.
+        let none =
+            eframe::Error::Wgpu(eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuError::CustomNativeAdapterSelectionError("no graphics adapter can show the window".into()));
+        assert_eq!(
+            finish(Ok(Err(none)), &startup),
+            Err(format!("WGPU error: Adapter selection failed: no graphics adapter can show the window ({HELP})"))
+        );
+        let _ = startup.adapter.set("Vulkan:1002:164e".into());
+        GRAPHICS_PANIC.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        assert_eq!(finish(Err("a bug".into()), &startup), Err("a bug".into()));
+    }
+}

apps/vectorcraft/src/logging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+//! The desktop app's logger: `log::` records go to standard error and to a log file.
+//!
+//! Without a logger every `log::warn!`/`log::error!` in the workspace (the graphics adapter, a
+//! lost graphics device, a panic the engine's guard recovered from) vanished. A launch from a desktop menu
+//! has no terminal, so the file is what a bug report can attach: `<settings dir>/logs/vectorcraft.log`,
+//! next to the preferences (`prefs_path` in `main.rs`). Each start moves the previous log to
+//! `vectorcraft.1.log` (and that one to `.2`), so the log of a run that crashed survives the next
+//! launch. Runs without preferences (`VECTORCRAFT_NO_PREFS`) log to standard error only.
+//!
+//! Levels: `info` for VectorCraft's own crates, `warn` for everything else (wgpu and naga are
+//! chatty). `RUST_LOG` replaces that with env_logger-style directives: `debug`,
+//! `warn,vectorcraft_render=trace`, `wgpu_core=info`. A directive ending in `*` matches every
+//! target that starts with it (`vectorcraft*=debug`).
+//!
+//! Records logged before the settings directory is known are kept (up to [`MAX_PENDING`]) and
+//! written once the file is attached. Writing never panics: a file that can't be created or
+//! written leaves standard error as the only sink.
+//!
+//! This is the desktop app's logger only. `vectorcraft-cli mcp` installs its own
+//! (`vectorcraft_mcp::logging`, MCP `notifications/message`); the two never share a process.
+
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock, PoisonError};
+use std::time::SystemTime;
+
+use log::LevelFilter;
+
+/// The current log file's name inside the log directory.
+pub const LOG_FILE: &str = "vectorcraft.log";
+/// How many previous logs are kept (`vectorcraft.1.log` … `vectorcraft.<KEEP>.log`).
+pub const KEEP: usize = 2;
+/// The log file stops growing past this size (a runaway warning can't fill the disk).
+pub const MAX_FILE_BYTES: u64 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+/// Records kept in memory until the log file is attached.
+pub const MAX_PENDING: usize = 512;
+/// The built-in filter when `RUST_LOG` is unset or empty.
+pub const DEFAULT_FILTER: &str = "warn,vectorcraft*=info";
+
+/// Per-target level filter parsed from env_logger-style directives.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Filter {
+    default: LevelFilter,
+    directives: Vec<(String, LevelFilter)>,
+}
+
+impl Filter {
+    /// Parse `spec`; unknown levels and empty parts are skipped. Without a bare level, targets no
+    /// directive names log errors only.
+    pub fn parse(spec: &str) -> Filter {
+        let mut f = Filter { default: LevelFilter::Error, directives: Vec::new() };
+        for part in spec.split(',').map(str::trim).filter(|p| !p.is_empty()) {
+            match part.split_once('=') {
+                Some((name, level)) => {
+                    let name = name.trim();
+                    if let (false, Some(level)) = (name.is_empty(), parse_level(level)) {
+                        f.directives.push((name.to_owned(), level));
+                    }
+                }
+                None => match parse_level(part) {
+                    Some(level) => f.default = level,
+                    // A bare target name: everything from it (env_logger does the same).
+                    None => f.directives.push((part.to_owned(), LevelFilter::Trace)),
+                },
+            }
+        }
+        f
+    }
+
+    /// The level that applies to `target` (the most specific matching directive wins).
+    pub fn level_for(&self, target: &str) -> LevelFilter {
+        self.directives.iter().filter(|(name, _)| matches(name, target)).max_by_key(|(name, _)| name.len()).map_or(self.default, |(_, level)| *level)
+    }
+
+    /// The most verbose level any target can reach (for `log::set_max_level`).
+    pub fn max(&self) -> LevelFilter {
+        self.directives.iter().map(|(_, level)| *level).fold(self.default, Ord::max)
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_level(s: &str) -> Option<LevelFilter> {
+    s.trim().parse().ok()
+}
+
+/// `name` matches `target` itself and its submodules (`a` matches `a` and `a::b`, not `ab`);
+/// `name*` matches every target starting with `name`.
+fn matches(name: &str, target: &str) -> bool {
+    match name.strip_suffix('*') {
+        Some(prefix) => target.starts_with(prefix),
+        None => target.strip_prefix(name).is_some_and(|rest| rest.is_empty() || rest.starts_with("::")),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `2026-10-08T07:59:17.728Z` (UTC, milliseconds). A clock before 1970 reads as the epoch.
+pub fn timestamp(t: SystemTime) -> String {
+    let since = t.duration_since(std::time::UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap_or_default();
+    let secs = since.as_secs();
+    let (days, rem) = (secs / 86_400, secs % 86_400);
+    let (y, m, d) = civil_from_days(days);
+    format!("{y:04}-{m:02}-{d:02}T{:02}:{:02}:{:02}.{:03}Z", rem / 3600, rem % 3600 / 60, rem % 60, since.subsec_millis())
+}
+
+/// Days since 1970-01-01 to a proleptic Gregorian (year, month, day) (Howard Hinnant's
+/// `civil_from_days`, unsigned because `timestamp` clamps at the epoch). Saturating, so no clock
+/// value can overflow it.
+fn civil_from_days(days: u64) -> (u64, u64, u64) {
+    let z = days.saturating_add(719_468);
+    let era = z / 146_097;
+    let doe = z % 146_097;
+    let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365;
+    let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100);
+    let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153;
+    let d = doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1;
+    let m = if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 };
+    let y = era.saturating_mul(400).saturating_add(yoe).saturating_add(u64::from(m <= 2));
+    (y, m, d)
+}
+
+fn numbered(dir: &Path, n: usize) -> PathBuf {
+    if n == 0 { dir.join(LOG_FILE) } else { dir.join(format!("vectorcraft.{n}.log")) }
+}
+
+/// Shift the previous logs up one (`.log` → `.1.log` → … → `.<KEEP>.log`, the oldest dropped)
+/// and create a fresh, empty log file in `dir` (created if missing).
+pub fn rotate(dir: &Path) -> std::io::Result<(PathBuf, File)> {
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(dir)?;
+    for n in (1..=KEEP).rev() {
+        match std::fs::rename(numbered(dir, n - 1), numbered(dir, n)) {
+            Err(e) if e.kind() != std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => return Err(e),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    let path = numbered(dir, 0);
+    let file = File::create(&path)?;
+    Ok((path, file))
+}
+
+/// One formatted log line: `<timestamp> <LEVEL> [<thread>] <target>: <message>\n`.
+pub fn format_line(ts: &str, level: log::Level, thread: &str, target: &str, message: &str) -> String {
+    let message = message.strip_suffix('\n').unwrap_or(message);
+    format!("{ts} {level:<5} [{thread}] {target}: {message}\n")
+}
+
+/// Where formatted lines go besides standard error: kept in memory until a file is attached,
+/// then appended to it until it reaches its size cap.
+pub struct Sink {
+    file: Option<File>,
+    pending: Vec<String>,
+    dropped: usize,
+    written: u64,
+    max_bytes: u64,
+    capped: bool,
+}
+
+impl Sink {
+    pub fn new(max_bytes: u64) -> Sink {
+        Sink { file: None, pending: Vec::new(), dropped: 0, written: 0, max_bytes, capped: false }
+    }
+
+    /// Append `line` to the file, or keep it until [`Sink::attach`].
+    pub fn write(&mut self, line: &str) {
+        if self.file.is_none() {
+            if self.capped {
+                // No file is coming ([`Sink::no_file`]): standard error had the line.
+            } else if self.pending.len() < MAX_PENDING {
+                self.pending.push(line.to_owned());
+            } else {
+                self.dropped = self.dropped.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        self.append(line);
+    }
+
+    /// Start writing to `file` (a fresh one: the size cap starts over), first the lines kept so far.
+    pub fn attach(&mut self, file: File) {
+        self.file = Some(file);
+        self.written = 0;
+        self.capped = false;
+        for line in std::mem::take(&mut self.pending) {
+            self.append(&line);
+        }
+        if self.dropped > 0 {
+            let note = format!("{} earlier log lines were dropped before the log file was opened\n", self.dropped);
+            self.dropped = 0;
+            self.append(&note);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// There will be no log file: forget the lines kept for it and keep no more.
+    pub fn no_file(&mut self) {
+        self.pending = Vec::new();
+        self.dropped = 0;
+        self.capped = true;
+    }
+
+    fn append(&mut self, line: &str) {
+        if self.capped {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(file) = self.file.as_mut() else { return };
+        let len = u64::try_from(line.len()).unwrap_or(u64::MAX);
+        let text = if self.written.saturating_add(len) > self.max_bytes {
+            self.capped = true;
+            format!("log file reached {} bytes; later records go to standard error only\n", self.max_bytes)
+        } else {
+            self.written = self.written.saturating_add(len);
+            line.to_owned()
+        };
+        // A full disk or a vanished file must not take the app down: drop the file sink.
+        if file.write_all(text.as_bytes()).is_err() {
+            self.file = None;
+            self.capped = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The installed logger: a [`Filter`], standard error and a [`Sink`].
+pub struct AppLogger {
+    filter: Filter,
+    stderr: bool,
+    sink: Mutex<Sink>,
+}
+
+impl AppLogger {
+    pub fn new(filter: Filter, stderr: bool) -> AppLogger {
+        AppLogger { filter, stderr, sink: Mutex::new(Sink::new(MAX_FILE_BYTES)) }
+    }
+
+    /// Rotate the logs in `dir` and send records to the fresh file; returns its path. On an error
+    /// standard error stays the only sink.
+    pub fn attach_dir(&self, dir: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+        // A thread that panicked while logging leaves the sink usable: take it back.
+        let mut sink = self.sink.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner);
+        match rotate(dir) {
+            Ok((path, file)) => {
+                sink.attach(file);
+                Ok(path)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                sink.no_file();
+                Err(format!("{}: {e}", dir.display()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// No log file for this run (runs without preferences): log to standard error only.
+    pub fn no_file(&self) {
+        self.sink.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner).no_file();
+    }
+}
+
+impl log::Log for AppLogger {
+    fn enabled(&self, metadata: &log::Metadata<'_>) -> bool {
+        metadata.level() <= self.filter.level_for(metadata.target())
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record<'_>) {
+        if !self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Formatted before the sink is locked, so a message that logs while it is formatted can't deadlock.
+        let thread = std::thread::current();
+        let line =
+            format_line(&timestamp(SystemTime::now()), record.level(), thread.name().unwrap_or("?"), record.target(), &record.args().to_string());
+        if self.stderr {
+            // No terminal (a Windows GUI build, a closed pipe) is not an error worth reporting.
+            let _ = std::io::stderr().write_all(line.as_bytes());
+        }
+        self.sink.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner).write(&line);
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {}
+}
+
+/// Install the logger (filter from `RUST_LOG`, else [`DEFAULT_FILTER`]); `None` when another
+/// logger was installed first. Call [`AppLogger::attach_dir`] once the settings directory is known.
+pub fn install() -> Option<&'static AppLogger> {
+    static LOGGER: OnceLock<AppLogger> = OnceLock::new();
+    let spec = std::env::var("RUST_LOG").ok().filter(|s| !s.trim().is_empty());
+    let filter = Filter::parse(spec.as_deref().unwrap_or(DEFAULT_FILTER));
+    let max = filter.max();
+    let logger = LOGGER.get_or_init(|| AppLogger::new(filter, true));
+    log::set_logger(logger).ok()?;
+    log::set_max_level(max);
+    Some(logger)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+    use std::time::{Duration, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+    fn temp_dir(tag: &str) -> PathBuf {
+        static N: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+        let d = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("vectorcraft-logging-{tag}-{}-{}", std::process::id(), N.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&d);
+        d
+    }
+
+    fn read(path: &Path) -> String {
+        std::fs::read_to_string(path).expect("read log")
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_default_filter_shows_vectorcraft_info_and_other_crates_warnings() {
+        let f = Filter::parse(DEFAULT_FILTER);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft::window"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft_engine::guard"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft_ui_egui::io"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("wgpu_core::device"), LevelFilter::Warn);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("naga"), LevelFilter::Warn);
+        assert_eq!(f.max(), LevelFilter::Info);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn directives_follow_env_logger_and_the_most_specific_one_wins() {
+        let f = Filter::parse("info,wgpu_core=error,vectorcraft_render=trace,vectorcraft_render::tiles=off");
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("eframe"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("wgpu_core::instance"), LevelFilter::Error);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft_render::canvas"), LevelFilter::Trace);
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("vectorcraft_render::tiles"), LevelFilter::Off);
+        assert_eq!(f.max(), LevelFilter::Trace);
+        // A module name is matched at `::` boundaries, not as a bare prefix.
+        assert_eq!(f.level_for("wgpu_core_extra"), LevelFilter::Info);
+        // A trailing `*` is a prefix.
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("vectorcraft*=debug").level_for("vectorcraft_text::shape"), LevelFilter::Debug);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("vectorcraft*=debug").level_for("eframe"), LevelFilter::Error);
+        // A bare target name sets that target to the most verbose level, as env_logger does.
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("naga").level_for("naga::front"), LevelFilter::Trace);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("naga").level_for("eframe"), LevelFilter::Error);
+        // Levels are case-insensitive and surrounding blanks are ignored.
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse(" WARN , vectorcraft = Debug ").level_for("vectorcraft"), LevelFilter::Debug);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse(" WARN , vectorcraft = Debug ").level_for("eframe"), LevelFilter::Warn);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hostile_specs_never_panic_and_fall_back_sensibly() {
+        let long = "x".repeat(100_000);
+        let many = "a=info,".repeat(10_000);
+        for spec in [
+            "",
+            ",,,",
+            "=",
+            "==",
+            "=debug",
+            "vectorcraft=",
+            "nonsense=loud",
+            "🦀=info",
+            "*",
+            "*=",
+            "=*",
+            "a=b=c",
+            "warn,,vectorcraft=DEBUG",
+            "\0",
+            "é::ü=trace",
+            &long,
+            &many,
+        ] {
+            let f = Filter::parse(spec);
+            for target in ["", "vectorcraft", "🦀", "a::b", "*"] {
+                let _ = f.level_for(target);
+            }
+            let _ = f.max();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("warn,,vectorcraft=DEBUG").level_for("vectorcraft"), LevelFilter::Debug);
+        // An unknown level is skipped: that target keeps the default.
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("nonsense=loud").level_for("nonsense"), LevelFilter::Error);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("vectorcraft=").level_for("vectorcraft"), LevelFilter::Error);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("=debug").max(), LevelFilter::Error);
+        assert_eq!(Filter::parse("🦀=info").level_for("🦀::claw"), LevelFilter::Info);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn timestamps_are_utc_with_milliseconds() {
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH), "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_millis(1_791_446_357_728)), "2026-10-08T07:59:17.728Z");
+        // Leap day, and the day after it.
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1_709_164_800)), "2024-02-29T00:00:00.000Z");
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1_709_251_199)), "2024-02-29T23:59:59.000Z");
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(1_709_251_200)), "2024-03-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+        // 2000 is a leap year (divisible by 400), 2100 is not.
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(951_782_400)), "2000-02-29T00:00:00.000Z");
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::from_secs(4_107_542_400)), "2100-03-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+        // Before the epoch (a clock set wrong) clamps instead of panicking.
+        assert_eq!(timestamp(UNIX_EPOCH - Duration::from_secs(5)), "1970-01-01T00:00:00.000Z");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_line_carries_time_level_thread_target_and_message() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            format_line("2026-10-08T07:59:17.728Z", log::Level::Info, "main", "vectorcraft", "rendering with Mesa (Vulkan, IntegratedGpu)"),
+            "2026-10-08T07:59:17.728Z INFO  [main] vectorcraft: rendering with Mesa (Vulkan, IntegratedGpu)\n"
+        );
+        // A multi-line message keeps its lines; the record still ends in one newline.
+        assert!(format_line("t", log::Level::Error, "w", "x", "a\nb\n").ends_with("x: a\nb\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rotation_keeps_the_previous_logs_and_starts_an_empty_file() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("rotate");
+        for run in 1..=4 {
+            let (path, _file) = rotate(&dir).expect("rotate");
+            assert_eq!(path, dir.join(LOG_FILE));
+            assert_eq!(read(&path), "");
+            std::fs::write(&path, format!("run {run}")).expect("write");
+        }
+        assert_eq!(read(&dir.join(LOG_FILE)), "run 4");
+        assert_eq!(read(&dir.join("vectorcraft.1.log")), "run 3");
+        assert_eq!(read(&dir.join("vectorcraft.2.log")), "run 2");
+        assert!(!dir.join("vectorcraft.3.log").exists(), "only {KEEP} old logs are kept");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rotation_into_an_unusable_directory_is_an_error_not_a_panic() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("blocked");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.parent().expect("parent")).expect("tmp");
+        std::fs::write(&dir, "a file where the directory should be").expect("block");
+        assert!(rotate(&dir).is_err());
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lines_logged_before_the_file_exists_are_written_when_it_is_attached() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("pending");
+        let (path, file) = rotate(&dir).expect("rotate");
+        let mut sink = Sink::new(MAX_FILE_BYTES);
+        sink.write("early 1\n");
+        sink.write("early 2\n");
+        sink.attach(file);
+        sink.write("late\n");
+        assert_eq!(read(&path), "early 1\nearly 2\nlate\n");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_pending_buffer_is_bounded_and_says_how_much_it_dropped() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("bounded");
+        let (path, file) = rotate(&dir).expect("rotate");
+        let mut sink = Sink::new(MAX_FILE_BYTES);
+        for i in 0..MAX_PENDING + 5 {
+            sink.write(&format!("line {i}\n"));
+        }
+        sink.attach(file);
+        let text = read(&path);
+        assert_eq!(text.lines().filter(|l| l.starts_with("line ")).count(), MAX_PENDING);
+        assert!(text.contains("5 earlier log lines were dropped"), "{text}");
+        assert!(text.contains("line 0\n") && !text.contains(&format!("line {MAX_PENDING}\n")));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn exactly_a_full_pending_buffer_drops_nothing() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("full");
+        let (path, file) = rotate(&dir).expect("rotate");
+        let mut sink = Sink::new(MAX_FILE_BYTES);
+        for i in 0..MAX_PENDING {
+            sink.write(&format!("line {i}\n"));
+        }
+        sink.attach(file);
+        let text = read(&path);
+        assert_eq!(text.lines().count(), MAX_PENDING);
+        assert!(!text.contains("dropped"), "{text}");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn without_a_file_nothing_is_kept_in_memory() {
+        let mut sink = Sink::new(MAX_FILE_BYTES);
+        sink.write("early\n");
+        sink.no_file();
+        sink.write("late\n");
+        assert!(sink.pending.is_empty() && sink.dropped == 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_file_stops_at_its_size_cap_with_one_note() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("cap");
+        let (path, file) = rotate(&dir).expect("rotate");
+        let mut sink = Sink::new(100);
+        sink.attach(file);
+        for i in 0..50 {
+            sink.write(&format!("line {i:02} with some padding\n"));
+        }
+        let text = read(&path);
+        assert_eq!(text.lines().filter(|l| l.starts_with("line ")).count(), 3, "{text}");
+        assert_eq!(text.matches("log file reached").count(), 1, "{text}");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_logger_filters_records_and_writes_them_to_the_attached_file() {
+        use log::Log;
+        let dir = temp_dir("logger");
+        let logger = AppLogger::new(Filter::parse(DEFAULT_FILTER), false);
+        let record = |level, target: &'static str, msg: &'static str| {
+            logger.log(&log::Record::builder().level(level).target(target).args(format_args!("{msg}")).build());
+        };
+        record(log::Level::Info, "vectorcraft", "before the settings directory");
+        record(log::Level::Info, "wgpu_core::device", "too chatty");
+        let path = logger.attach_dir(&dir).expect("attach");
+        assert_eq!(path, dir.join(LOG_FILE));
+        record(log::Level::Warn, "wgpu_hal::vulkan", "a real warning");
+        record(log::Level::Error, "vectorcraft_engine::guard", "recovered from a panic: boom");
+        record(log::Level::Debug, "vectorcraft", "below info");
+        let text = read(&path);
+        let lines: Vec<&str> = text.lines().collect();
+        assert_eq!(lines.len(), 3, "{text}");
+        assert!(lines[0].contains(" INFO  [") && lines[0].ends_with("vectorcraft: before the settings directory"), "{text}");
+        assert!(lines[1].ends_with("wgpu_hal::vulkan: a real warning"), "{text}");
+        assert!(lines[2].contains(" ERROR [") && lines[2].ends_with("vectorcraft_engine::guard: recovered from a panic: boom"), "{text}");
+        assert!(logger.enabled(&log::Metadata::builder().level(log::Level::Info).target("vectorcraft_ui_egui").build()));
+        assert!(!logger.enabled(&log::Metadata::builder().level(log::Level::Info).target("naga").build()));
+        // Attaching again rotates: the first log becomes `.1`.
+        logger.attach_dir(&dir).expect("attach again");
+        assert_eq!(read(&dir.join("vectorcraft.1.log")), text);
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn records_from_many_threads_are_whole_lines() {
+        use log::Log;
+        let dir = temp_dir("threads");
+        let logger = std::sync::Arc::new(AppLogger::new(Filter::parse("info"), false));
+        let path = logger.attach_dir(&dir).expect("attach");
+        let workers: Vec<_> = (0..8)
+            .map(|t| {
+                let l = std::sync::Arc::clone(&logger);
+                std::thread::spawn(move || {
+                    for i in 0..100 {
+                        l.log(
+                            &log::Record::builder().level(log::Level::Info).target("vectorcraft").args(format_args!("thread {t} record {i}")).build(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                })
+            })
+            .collect();
+        for w in workers {
+            w.join().expect("worker");
+        }
+        let text = read(&path);
+        assert_eq!(text.lines().count(), 800);
+        assert!(text.lines().all(|l| l.contains(" vectorcraft: thread ")), "{text}");
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn attaching_to_an_unusable_directory_reports_an_error_and_keeps_logging() {
+        use log::Log;
+        let dir = temp_dir("unusable");
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(dir.parent().expect("parent")).expect("tmp");
+        std::fs::write(&dir, "not a directory").expect("block");
+        let logger = AppLogger::new(Filter::parse("info"), false);
+        assert!(logger.attach_dir(&dir).is_err());
+        logger.log(&log::Record::builder().level(log::Level::Error).target("x").args(format_args!("still fine")).build());
+        // Nothing waits in memory for a file that won't come.
+        assert!(logger.sink.lock().expect("sink").pending.is_empty());
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_file(&dir);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_poisoned_sink_still_logs() {
+        use log::Log;
+        let dir = temp_dir("poison");
+        let logger = std::sync::Arc::new(AppLogger::new(Filter::parse("info"), false));
+        let l = std::sync::Arc::clone(&logger);
+        let _ = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let _guard = l.sink.lock().expect("lock");
+            panic!("poison the sink");
+        })
+        .join();
+        assert!(logger.sink.is_poisoned());
+        let path = logger.attach_dir(&dir).expect("attach");
+        logger.log(&log::Record::builder().level(log::Level::Warn).target("vectorcraft").args(format_args!("after the poison")).build());
+        assert!(read(&path).contains("vectorcraft: after the poison"));
+        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    }
+}

apps/vectorcraft/src/mac_menu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,487 @@
+//! The macOS menu bar, through muda (Tauri's menu crate: AppKit menus behind a safe API, no GTK
+//! with default features off). The menus, their Mac layout and how their keys reach VectorCraft
+//! are in `vectorcraft_ui_egui::native_menu`; this file only builds and updates the `NSMenu`s.
+//!
+//! - Item ids are the items' places (`vc12`, depth first): one command can run from several items
+//!   (each language of VectorCraft › Language is `app.language` with its own code).
+//! - A structure change (a recent file added, the language or a shortcut changed) rebuilds the
+//!   menu; labels, enabled and checked are updated in place.
+//! - A chosen item is a click or a key equivalent: AppKit's current event says which. A key
+//!   equivalent goes back to egui as the key press that was made (the event's modifiers, not the
+//!   item's: AppKit may match ⌘R to a ⇧⌘R item), so VectorCraft's key rules still apply.
+//! - Hide and Hide Others are items of ours calling `NSApplication`: AppKit's own always take ⌘H
+//!   (View › Hide Edges) and ⌥⌘H.
+
+use std::sync::Once;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, channel};
+
+use block2::RcBlock;
+
+use egui::{Key, KeyboardShortcut};
+use muda::accelerator::{Accelerator, Code, Modifiers};
+use muda::{CheckMenuItem, Menu, MenuEvent, MenuItem, PredefinedMenuItem, Submenu};
+use objc2::MainThreadMarker;
+use objc2_app_kit::{NSApplication, NSEventModifierFlags, NSEventType, NSMenuDidBeginTrackingNotification, NSMenuDidEndTrackingNotification};
+use objc2_foundation::{NSNotification, NSNotificationCenter};
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::VectorcraftApp;
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::native_menu::{self, Backend, Event, MenuBar, MenuRole, Node, Standard};
+
+// AppKit can deliver window input while its system menu is still tracking (especially with
+// asynchronous menu presentation). Keep the native tracking state separate from egui popups.
+static TRACKING: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+fn observe_tracking(ctx: &egui::Context) {
+    static INSTALL: Once = Once::new();
+    INSTALL.call_once(|| {
+        // SAFETY: AppKit initializes these immutable notification-name constants.
+        #[allow(unsafe_code)]
+        let notifications = unsafe { [(NSMenuDidBeginTrackingNotification, true), (NSMenuDidEndTrackingNotification, false)] };
+        for (name, tracking) in notifications {
+            let repaint = ctx.clone();
+            let block = RcBlock::new(move |_: std::ptr::NonNull<NSNotification>| {
+                TRACKING.store(tracking, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                // Apply any deferred menu updates as soon as the tracking session ends.
+                if !tracking {
+                    repaint.request_repaint();
+                }
+            });
+            // SAFETY: these are AppKit's notification names. The notification center retains
+            // the observer and block for the application's lifetime; callbacks update an atomic and request repaint.
+            #[allow(unsafe_code)]
+            unsafe {
+                NSNotificationCenter::defaultCenter().addObserverForName_object_queue_usingBlock(Some(name), None, None, &block);
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn cancel_tracking() {
+    if let Some(mtm) = MainThreadMarker::new()
+        && let Some(menu) = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm).mainMenu()
+    {
+        menu.cancelTracking();
+    }
+    TRACKING.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
+}
+
+/// A dismissing click belongs to the menu, so the canvas and panel controls must not see it.
+fn dismiss_input(raw: &mut egui::RawInput, tracking: bool) -> bool {
+    if !raw
+        .events
+        .iter()
+        .any(|e| matches!(e, egui::Event::PointerButton { pressed: true, .. } | egui::Event::Key { key: egui::Key::Escape, pressed: true, .. }))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if tracking {
+        raw.events.retain(|e| !matches!(e, egui::Event::PointerButton { .. } | egui::Event::Key { key: egui::Key::Escape, .. }));
+    }
+    true
+}
+
+/// Inspect real window input before native key equivalents and control events are added.
+pub fn raw_input_hook(raw: &mut egui::RawInput) {
+    // Asynchronous menu presentation may leave a displayed menu after its tracking notification.
+    // Still cancel it, but consume the dismissing input only during a reported tracking session.
+    if dismiss_input(raw, TRACKING.load(Ordering::Relaxed)) {
+        cancel_tracking();
+    }
+}
+
+enum Handle {
+    Plain(MenuItem),
+    Check(CheckMenuItem),
+}
+
+/// One native item, in the order of [`MenuBar::items`].
+struct Entry {
+    handle: Handle,
+    item: native_menu::Item,
+    /// Its shortcut, when it is a key equivalent.
+    chord: Option<KeyboardShortcut>,
+}
+
+/// How an item was chosen, read from AppKit's current event while it calls the handler.
+struct Chosen {
+    id: String,
+    /// A key press (not a mouse click), and the modifiers held: ⌘, ⌃, ⌥, ⇧.
+    key: bool,
+    mods: [bool; 4],
+}
+
+pub struct MacMenu {
+    menu: Option<Menu>,
+    entries: Vec<Entry>,
+    rx: Receiver<Chosen>,
+    structure: u64,
+    /// Latest menu state to apply after AppKit finishes tracking; item ids stay stable meanwhile.
+    pending: Option<MenuBar>,
+}
+
+impl MacMenu {
+    fn new(ctx: &egui::Context) -> MacMenu {
+        observe_tracking(ctx);
+        let (tx, rx) = channel();
+        let repaint = ctx.clone();
+        MenuEvent::set_event_handler(Some(move |e: MenuEvent| {
+            // AppKit calls this on the main thread, from the event that chose the item: a key
+            // equivalent is a key-down, a click a mouse-up (or ↩ inside the open menu).
+            let event = MainThreadMarker::new().and_then(|mtm| NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm).currentEvent());
+            let key = event.as_ref().is_some_and(|ev| ev.r#type() == NSEventType::KeyDown);
+            let flags = event.as_ref().map_or(NSEventModifierFlags::empty(), |ev| ev.modifierFlags());
+            let mods = [NSEventModifierFlags::Command, NSEventModifierFlags::Control, NSEventModifierFlags::Option, NSEventModifierFlags::Shift]
+                .map(|m| flags.contains(m));
+            // The receiver only goes away with the app.
+            let _ = tx.send(Chosen { id: e.id.0, key, mods });
+            // Wake egui, so the item runs now rather than on the next mouse move.
+            repaint.request_repaint();
+        }));
+        MacMenu { menu: None, entries: Vec::new(), rx, structure: 0, pending: None }
+    }
+
+    /// Build the menus of `bar` and make them the app's, in place of the ones before.
+    fn build(&mut self, bar: &MenuBar) -> muda::Result<()> {
+        let mut entries = Vec::new();
+        let menu = Menu::new();
+        let mut special = Vec::new();
+        for m in &bar.menus {
+            let sub = Submenu::new(escape(&m.title), true);
+            append(&sub, &m.children, &mut entries)?;
+            menu.append(&sub)?;
+            if matches!(m.role, MenuRole::Window | MenuRole::Help) {
+                special.push((m.role, sub));
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(old) = self.menu.take() {
+            old.remove_for_nsapp();
+        }
+        menu.init_for_nsapp();
+        // Only once the menu is the app's: muda looks the submenus up in the installed main menu.
+        for (role, sub) in special {
+            match role {
+                MenuRole::Window => sub.set_as_windows_menu_for_nsapp(),
+                _ => sub.set_as_help_menu_for_nsapp(),
+            }
+        }
+        self.menu = Some(menu);
+        self.entries = entries;
+        self.structure = native_menu::structure_key(bar);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn append(sub: &Submenu, nodes: &[Node], entries: &mut Vec<Entry>) -> muda::Result<()> {
+    for n in nodes {
+        match n {
+            Node::Separator => sub.append(&PredefinedMenuItem::separator())?,
+            Node::Header(label) => sub.append(&MenuItem::new(escape(label), false, None))?,
+            Node::Submenu { label, children } => {
+                let s = Submenu::new(escape(label), !children.is_empty());
+                append(&s, children, entries)?;
+                sub.append(&s)?;
+            }
+            Node::Standard(item) => {
+                let text = Some(vectorcraft_ui_egui::i18n::t(item.label()));
+                let p = match item {
+                    Standard::Services => PredefinedMenuItem::services(text),
+                    Standard::ShowAll => PredefinedMenuItem::show_all(text),
+                    Standard::Zoom => PredefinedMenuItem::maximize(text),
+                    Standard::BringAllToFront => PredefinedMenuItem::bring_all_to_front(text),
+                };
+                sub.append(&p)?;
+            }
+            Node::Item(it) => {
+                let id = format!("vc{}", entries.len());
+                let chord = it.shortcut.and_then(vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcuts::parse).filter(native_menu::native_ok);
+                let accel = chord.as_ref().and_then(accelerator);
+                let handle = match it.checked {
+                    Some(c) => {
+                        let h = CheckMenuItem::with_id(id, escape(&it.label), it.enabled, c, accel);
+                        sub.append(&h)?;
+                        Handle::Check(h)
+                    }
+                    None => {
+                        let h = MenuItem::with_id(id, escape(&it.label), it.enabled, accel);
+                        sub.append(&h)?;
+                        Handle::Plain(h)
+                    }
+                };
+                entries.push(Entry { handle, item: it.clone(), chord });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+impl Backend for MacMenu {
+    fn sync(&mut self, bar: &MenuBar) {
+        // Replacing or mutating an NSMenu during tracking can strand its displayed menu. Keep
+        // the latest state: the shared model considers this sync complete and may not resend it.
+        if TRACKING.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+            self.pending = Some(bar.clone());
+            return;
+        }
+        self.pending = None;
+        let items = bar.items();
+        if self.menu.is_none() || native_menu::structure_key(bar) != self.structure || items.len() != self.entries.len() {
+            if let Err(e) = self.build(bar) {
+                // The menus as they were stay up (a failed build changed nothing).
+                log::warn!("couldn't rebuild the macOS menu bar: {e}");
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        for (e, it) in self.entries.iter_mut().zip(items) {
+            if e.item.label != it.label {
+                let text = escape(&it.label);
+                match &e.handle {
+                    Handle::Plain(h) => h.set_text(text),
+                    Handle::Check(h) => h.set_text(text),
+                }
+            }
+            if e.item.enabled != it.enabled {
+                match &e.handle {
+                    Handle::Plain(h) => h.set_enabled(it.enabled),
+                    Handle::Check(h) => h.set_enabled(it.enabled),
+                }
+            }
+            // Compare with AppKit's own state: muda toggles a check item when it's clicked.
+            if let (Handle::Check(h), Some(c)) = (&e.handle, it.checked)
+                && h.is_checked() != c
+            {
+                h.set_checked(c);
+            }
+            if e.item != *it {
+                e.item = it.clone();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn drain(&mut self) -> Vec<Event> {
+        let mut out = Vec::new();
+        while let Ok(chosen) = self.rx.try_recv() {
+            cancel_tracking();
+            // Ids that aren't ours are AppKit's own items (Services, Zoom…), already handled.
+            let Some(e) = chosen.id.strip_prefix("vc").and_then(|n| n.parse::<usize>().ok()).and_then(|i| self.entries.get(i)) else { continue };
+            if let Some(command @ (native_menu::HIDE | native_menu::HIDE_OTHERS)) = e.item.command {
+                if let Some(mtm) = MainThreadMarker::new() {
+                    let app = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm);
+                    if command == native_menu::HIDE { app.hide(None) } else { app.hideOtherApplications(None) }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            // A key-down chose it: its key equivalent, unless it was ↩ or Space inside the open
+            // menu (no ⌘ or ⌃ while the item's shortcut has one). The key is the item's (AppKit
+            // matched on it); the modifiers are the ones held.
+            let [cmd, ctrl, alt, shift] = chosen.mods;
+            let key = e
+                .chord
+                .filter(|c| {
+                    chosen.key && e.item.command != Some(native_menu::MINIMIZE) && (cmd || ctrl || !(c.modifiers.command || c.modifiers.ctrl))
+                })
+                .map(|c| KeyboardShortcut::new(egui::Modifiers { alt, ctrl, shift, mac_cmd: cmd, command: cmd }, c.logical_key));
+            out.push(match key {
+                Some(k) => Event::Key(k),
+                None => Event::Click(e.item.clone()),
+            });
+        }
+        // Drain against the old item ids before a deferred structure change replaces them.
+        if !TRACKING.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+            && let Some(bar) = self.pending.take()
+        {
+            self.sync(&bar);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+/// Install the menu bar (in eframe's creator closure, so winit's default menu doesn't stay up).
+/// `None` keeps the menus in the window: AppKit refused them (logged), never a crash.
+pub fn install(ctx: &egui::Context, app: &VectorcraftApp) -> Option<native_menu::NativeMenu> {
+    vectorcraft_ui_egui::i18n::set_current(app.ui_language());
+    let bar = native_menu::layout(app).bar;
+    let built = vectorcraft_engine::guard::catch_panic(|| {
+        let mut menu = MacMenu::new(ctx);
+        menu.build(&bar).map(|()| menu)
+    });
+    match built {
+        Ok(Ok(menu)) => Some(native_menu::NativeMenu::new(Box::new(menu))),
+        Ok(Err(e)) => {
+            log::warn!("couldn't install the macOS menu bar ({e}); the menus stay in the window");
+            None
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            log::warn!("couldn't install the macOS menu bar ({e}); the menus stay in the window");
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `&` marks a mnemonic in muda labels: "Fill & Stroke" keeps its ampersand.
+fn escape(s: &str) -> String {
+    s.replace('&', "&&")
+}
+
+/// A key equivalent for AppKit. `Cmd` is ⌘ (`META`) and `Ctrl` is ⌃: never folded together.
+fn accelerator(c: &KeyboardShortcut) -> Option<Accelerator> {
+    let m = c.modifiers;
+    let mut mods = Modifiers::empty();
+    for (on, flag) in [(m.command || m.mac_cmd, Modifiers::META), (m.ctrl, Modifiers::CONTROL), (m.alt, Modifiers::ALT), (m.shift, Modifiers::SHIFT)]
+    {
+        if on {
+            mods |= flag;
+        }
+    }
+    Some(Accelerator::new(mods, code(c.logical_key)?))
+}
+
+/// The key code AppKit matches for an egui key.
+fn code(key: Key) -> Option<Code> {
+    Some(match key {
+        Key::A => Code::KeyA,
+        Key::B => Code::KeyB,
+        Key::C => Code::KeyC,
+        Key::D => Code::KeyD,
+        Key::E => Code::KeyE,
+        Key::F => Code::KeyF,
+        Key::G => Code::KeyG,
+        Key::H => Code::KeyH,
+        Key::I => Code::KeyI,
+        Key::J => Code::KeyJ,
+        Key::K => Code::KeyK,
+        Key::L => Code::KeyL,
+        Key::M => Code::KeyM,
+        Key::N => Code::KeyN,
+        Key::O => Code::KeyO,
+        Key::P => Code::KeyP,
+        Key::Q => Code::KeyQ,
+        Key::R => Code::KeyR,
+        Key::S => Code::KeyS,
+        Key::T => Code::KeyT,
+        Key::U => Code::KeyU,
+        Key::V => Code::KeyV,
+        Key::W => Code::KeyW,
+        Key::X => Code::KeyX,
+        Key::Y => Code::KeyY,
+        Key::Z => Code::KeyZ,
+        Key::Num0 => Code::Digit0,
+        Key::Num1 => Code::Digit1,
+        Key::Num2 => Code::Digit2,
+        Key::Num3 => Code::Digit3,
+        Key::Num4 => Code::Digit4,
+        Key::Num5 => Code::Digit5,
+        Key::Num6 => Code::Digit6,
+        Key::Num7 => Code::Digit7,
+        Key::Num8 => Code::Digit8,
+        Key::Num9 => Code::Digit9,
+        Key::F1 => Code::F1,
+        Key::F2 => Code::F2,
+        Key::F3 => Code::F3,
+        Key::F4 => Code::F4,
+        Key::F5 => Code::F5,
+        Key::F6 => Code::F6,
+        Key::F7 => Code::F7,
+        Key::F8 => Code::F8,
+        Key::F9 => Code::F9,
+        Key::F10 => Code::F10,
+        Key::F11 => Code::F11,
+        Key::F12 => Code::F12,
+        Key::F13 => Code::F13,
+        Key::F14 => Code::F14,
+        Key::F15 => Code::F15,
+        Key::F16 => Code::F16,
+        Key::F17 => Code::F17,
+        Key::F18 => Code::F18,
+        Key::F19 => Code::F19,
+        Key::F20 => Code::F20,
+        Key::F21 => Code::F21,
+        Key::F22 => Code::F22,
+        Key::F23 => Code::F23,
+        Key::F24 => Code::F24,
+        Key::OpenBracket => Code::BracketLeft,
+        Key::CloseBracket => Code::BracketRight,
+        Key::Backslash => Code::Backslash,
+        Key::Slash => Code::Slash,
+        // `+` is Shift+`=` on the keyboards AppKit matches by key: Zoom In shows ⌘=.
+        Key::Equals | Key::Plus => Code::Equal,
+        Key::Minus => Code::Minus,
+        Key::Quote => Code::Quote,
+        Key::Semicolon => Code::Semicolon,
+        Key::Comma => Code::Comma,
+        Key::Period => Code::Period,
+        Key::Backtick => Code::Backquote,
+        Key::Backspace => Code::Backspace,
+        Key::Delete => Code::Delete,
+        Key::Enter => Code::Enter,
+        Key::Tab => Code::Tab,
+        Key::Space => Code::Space,
+        Key::Escape => Code::Escape,
+        Key::ArrowLeft => Code::ArrowLeft,
+        Key::ArrowRight => Code::ArrowRight,
+        Key::ArrowUp => Code::ArrowUp,
+        Key::ArrowDown => Code::ArrowDown,
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    /// Every shortcut the Mac menu shows as a key equivalent has one AppKit can match.
+    #[test]
+    fn every_menu_shortcut_maps_to_a_key_equivalent() {
+        let app = VectorcraftApp::new(vectorcraft_engine::Session::new(), Default::default());
+        let bar = native_menu::layout(&app).bar;
+        let mut native = 0;
+        for it in bar.items() {
+            let Some(c) = it.shortcut.and_then(vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcuts::parse).filter(native_menu::native_ok) else { continue };
+            assert!(accelerator(&c).is_some(), "{:?} ({:?}) has no key equivalent", it.shortcut, it.command);
+            native += 1;
+        }
+        assert!(native > 70, "{native} key equivalents");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn control_and_command_stay_distinct() {
+        let parse = |s| vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcuts::parse(s).and_then(|c| accelerator(&c));
+        assert_ne!(parse("Cmd+M"), parse("Ctrl+Cmd+M"));
+        assert!(parse("Cmd+M").is_some());
+    }
+
+    fn press() -> egui::Event {
+        egui::Event::PointerButton {
+            pos: egui::pos2(300.0, 200.0),
+            button: egui::PointerButton::Primary,
+            pressed: true,
+            modifiers: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn outside_press_dismisses_without_starting_a_canvas_gesture() {
+        let moved = egui::Event::PointerMoved(egui::pos2(300.0, 200.0));
+        let mut raw = egui::RawInput { events: vec![moved.clone(), press()], ..Default::default() };
+        assert!(dismiss_input(&mut raw, true));
+        assert_eq!(raw.events, [moved]);
+        assert!(!dismiss_input(&mut raw, true));
+        raw.events.push(press());
+        assert!(dismiss_input(&mut raw, false));
+        assert_eq!(raw.events.len(), 2, "ordinary canvas presses still reach egui");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn escape_dismisses_without_reaching_the_active_tool() {
+        let escape = |pressed| egui::Event::Key { key: egui::Key::Escape, physical_key: None, pressed, repeat: false, modifiers: Default::default() };
+        let mut raw = egui::RawInput { events: vec![escape(true), escape(false)], ..Default::default() };
+        assert!(dismiss_input(&mut raw, true));
+        assert!(raw.events.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn moving_the_pointer_does_not_dismiss_a_tracking_menu() {
+        let mut raw = egui::RawInput { events: vec![egui::Event::PointerMoved(egui::pos2(300.0, 200.0))], ..Default::default() };
+        assert!(!dismiss_input(&mut raw, true));
+        assert_eq!(raw.events.len(), 1);
+    }
+}

apps/vectorcraft/src/main.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 //! VectorCraft desktop app.
 //!
-//! Usage: `vectorcraft [--control <port>] [files…]`
+//! Usage: `vectorcraft [--control <port>] [--in-window-menus] [files…]`
+//!
+//! `--in-window-menus` (or `VECTORCRAFT_IN_WINDOW_MENUS=1`) keeps the menus inside the window on
+//! macOS instead of the macOS menu bar (`mac_menu`).
 //!
 //! `--control <port>` (or `VECTORCRAFT_CONTROL_PORT`) starts a localhost JSON-lines control server:
 //! `{"id":1,"method":"ui.inspect","params":{}}` → `{"id":1,"ok":true,"result":…}`.
@@ -16,17 +19,23 @@ compile_error!("the win7 target requires --no-default-features --features window
 
 mod clipboard;
 mod control_server;
+#[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+mod gpu;
+mod logging;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-mod native_menu;
+mod mac_menu;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod open_documents;
 mod printing;
+#[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+mod system_fonts;
 mod window;
 
 use vectorcraft_engine::Session;
 use vectorcraft_engine::cmd::fileio;
 use vectorcraft_ui_egui::graphics::GraphicsLoss;
-use vectorcraft_ui_egui::{FilePick, Services, VectorcraftApp};
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::picks::PickRequest;
+use vectorcraft_ui_egui::{ClipboardProbeFactory, FilePick, Services, VectorcraftApp};
 
 struct App {
     app: VectorcraftApp,
@@ -34,8 +43,6 @@ struct App {
     graphics_loss: GraphicsLoss,
     /// The graphics device was lost and the unsaved changes are kept for Data Recovery.
     graphics_lost: bool,
-    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-    menu: Option<native_menu::NativeMenu>,
 }
 
 impl eframe::App for App {
@@ -56,15 +63,7 @@ impl eframe::App for App {
             return;
         }
         #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-        {
-            if self.menu.is_none() && std::env::var_os("VECTORCRAFT_NO_NATIVE_MENU").is_none() {
-                self.menu = Some(native_menu::NativeMenu::install(&mut self.app));
-            }
-            if let Some(m) = &mut self.menu {
-                m.poll(&mut self.app, ctx);
-            }
-            open_files(&mut self.app, open_documents::take());
-        }
+        open_files(&mut self.app, open_documents::take());
         self.app.logic(ctx);
         window::track(ctx, &mut self.app.ui.window);
         if self.app.ui.status == "quit" {
@@ -72,6 +71,10 @@ impl eframe::App for App {
         }
     }
     fn raw_input_hook(&mut self, _ctx: &egui::Context, raw: &mut egui::RawInput) {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+        if self.app.services.native_menu.is_some() {
+            mac_menu::raw_input_hook(raw);
+        }
         self.app.raw_input_hook(raw);
     }
     fn ui(&mut self, ui: &mut egui::Ui, _frame: &mut eframe::Frame) {
@@ -139,6 +142,11 @@ fn prefs_path_for(name: &str, lower: &str) -> Option<std::path::PathBuf> {
     base.map(|b| b.join("ui.json"))
 }
 
+/// Where the log files live: `logs` in the preferences folder (see `logging`).
+fn log_dir() -> Option<std::path::PathBuf> {
+    Some(prefs_path()?.parent()?.join("logs"))
+}
+
 /// Runs without preferences (`VECTORCRAFT_NO_PREFS`, agents' test runs) neither read nor write them.
 fn prefs_enabled() -> bool {
     std::env::var_os("VECTORCRAFT_NO_PREFS").is_none()
@@ -178,9 +186,22 @@ fn save_prefs(app: &VectorcraftApp) {
     }
 }
 
-/// A native file dialog showing `pick`'s file types, folder and suggested name.
-fn file_dialog(pick: &FilePick) -> rfd::FileDialog {
-    let d = pick.filters.iter().fold(rfd::FileDialog::new(), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(*name, exts));
+/// The window file dialogs belong to.
+type Parent = Option<std::sync::Arc<winit::window::Window>>;
+
+/// A native file dialog for `request` over `parent` (Windows and Linux, where the portal then
+/// shows it over the window and keeps it in front; macOS shows them as before).
+fn file_dialog(request: &PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> rfd::FileDialog {
+    let d = match parent {
+        Some(w) if !cfg!(target_os = "macos") => rfd::FileDialog::new().set_parent(&**w),
+        _ => rfd::FileDialog::new(),
+    };
+    let pick = match request {
+        PickRequest::Open(pick) | PickRequest::Save(pick) => pick,
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => return fileio::place_filters().fold(d.set_title("Place"), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(name, exts)),
+        PickRequest::Folder => return d,
+    };
+    let d = pick.filters.iter().fold(d, |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(*name, exts));
     let d = match &pick.folder {
         Some(folder) => d.set_directory(folder),
         None => d,
@@ -188,6 +209,28 @@ fn file_dialog(pick: &FilePick) -> rfd::FileDialog {
     if pick.name.is_empty() { d } else { d.set_file_name(&pick.name) }
 }
 
+/// Show `dialog` for `request` (on the calling thread, until it closes) → the paths picked.
+fn show_dialog(dialog: rfd::FileDialog, request: &PickRequest) -> Vec<String> {
+    let paths = match request {
+        PickRequest::Open(_) => dialog.pick_file().into_iter().collect(),
+        PickRequest::OpenMany => dialog.pick_files().unwrap_or_default(),
+        PickRequest::Save(pick) => {
+            // The Templates folder may not exist yet.
+            if let Some(folder) = &pick.folder {
+                let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(folder);
+            }
+            dialog.save_file().into_iter().collect()
+        }
+        PickRequest::Folder => dialog.pick_folder().into_iter().collect(),
+    };
+    paths.into_iter().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()).collect()
+}
+
+/// Show the dialog for `request` over `parent` now → the paths picked.
+fn pick_now(request: PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> Vec<String> {
+    show_dialog(file_dialog(&request, parent), &request)
+}
+
 /// File → Show in Folder: select `path` in Finder / Explorer, or open its folder elsewhere.
 fn reveal(path: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
     reveal_command(path).spawn().map(|_| ()).map_err(|e| format!("can't show {path}: {e}"))
@@ -223,31 +266,41 @@ fn write_file(path: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(), String> {
     fileio::write_atomic(std::path::Path::new(path), bytes).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
 }
 
-fn services() -> Services {
+/// Linux: show the dialog for `request` over `parent` on a thread of its own, answering on the
+/// receiver. Shown on the UI thread, nothing would answer the compositor meanwhile, which then
+/// offers to kill the window as not responding (#592).
+fn start_pick(request: PickRequest, parent: &Parent) -> Option<std::sync::mpsc::Receiver<Vec<String>>> {
+    let dialog = file_dialog(&request, parent);
+    let (tx, rx) = std::sync::mpsc::channel();
+    std::thread::Builder::new()
+        .name("file-dialog".into())
+        .spawn(move || {
+            // The app gone meanwhile has no use for the answer.
+            let _ = tx.send(show_dialog(dialog, &request));
+        })
+        .ok()?;
+    Some(rx)
+}
+
+fn services(parent: Parent) -> Services {
+    let (p1, p2, p3, p4, p5) = (parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent.clone(), parent);
     Services {
-        pick_open: Some(Box::new(|pick: &FilePick| file_dialog(pick).pick_file().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()))),
-        pick_open_multi: Some(Box::new(|| {
-            fileio::place_filters()
-                .fold(rfd::FileDialog::new().set_title("Place"), |d, (name, exts)| d.add_filter(name, exts))
-                .pick_files()
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-                .collect()
-        })),
-        pick_save: Some(Box::new(|pick: &FilePick| {
-            // The Templates folder may not exist yet.
-            if let Some(folder) = &pick.folder {
-                let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(folder);
-            }
-            file_dialog(pick).save_file().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string())
-        })),
+        pick_open: Some(Box::new(move |pick: &FilePick| pick_now(PickRequest::Open(pick.clone()), &p1).into_iter().next())),
+        pick_open_multi: Some(Box::new(move || pick_now(PickRequest::OpenMany, &p2))),
+        pick_save: Some(Box::new(move |pick: &FilePick| pick_now(PickRequest::Save(pick.clone()), &p3).into_iter().next())),
+        // Windows and macOS dialogs run the window's events while they are open; Linux's don't.
+        start_pick: cfg!(all(unix, not(target_os = "macos")))
+            .then(|| Box::new(move |request: PickRequest| start_pick(request, &p5)) as vectorcraft_ui_egui::picks::StartPick),
         read: Some(Box::new(|p: &str| std::fs::read(p).map_err(|e| e.to_string()))),
         write: Some(Box::new(write_file)),
         // Background Save and Export write from a worker thread.
         write_shared: Some(std::sync::Arc::new(write_file)),
         // Every format Copy offers and Paste reads (menu-bar Paste never sees egui's Paste event).
         system_clipboard: Some(clipboard::system_clipboard()),
+        // Linux checks whether Paste has something to take on a background thread: an X11 clipboard
+        // owner that never answers holds a read for up to 4 s. Windows only asks which formats the
+        // clipboard holds and macOS asks the pasteboard server, so they check in line.
+        clipboard_probe: cfg!(target_os = "linux").then(|| Box::new(clipboard::system_clipboard) as ClipboardProbeFactory),
         // Help → Discord / website / GitHub, the Discord button, About and Home links.
         open_url: Some(Box::new(|url: &str| {
             let _ = webbrowser::open(url);
@@ -255,7 +308,7 @@ fn services() -> Services {
         reveal: Some(Box::new(reveal)),
         // Links panel: Edit Original; Package: Show Package. Relink to Folder and Package pick folders.
         open_file: Some(Box::new(open_file)),
-        pick_folder: Some(Box::new(|| rfd::FileDialog::new().pick_folder().map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().to_string()))),
+        pick_folder: Some(Box::new(move || pick_now(PickRequest::Folder, &p4).into_iter().next())),
         // File → Print: the system's printers and print queue.
         print: Some(Box::new(printing::SystemPrint)),
         ..Default::default()
@@ -291,23 +344,6 @@ fn app_icon() -> egui::IconData {
     eframe::icon_data::from_png_bytes(png).unwrap_or_default()
 }
 
-/// The power preference wgpu picks the window's graphics adapter with (#306): the
-/// `WGPU_POWER_PREF` environment variable (`low`, `high`, `none`) when set, otherwise Preferences ›
-/// Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`). Power saving unless the preference asks for
-/// high performance: the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only composites it, which the
-/// integrated GPU of a hybrid-graphics laptop does easily, while presenting frames rendered on the
-/// discrete GPU through the integrated one made the window flicker on some laptops. With a single
-/// GPU both preferences pick it.
-#[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
-fn power_preference(pref: Option<&str>, env: Option<eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference>) -> eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference {
-    use eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference;
-    match (env, pref) {
-        (Some(p), _) => p,
-        (None, Some("highPerformance")) => PowerPreference::HighPerformance,
-        (None, _) => PowerPreference::LowPower,
-    }
-}
-
 /// "name (backend, kind)" of the adapter the window renders with, for Help › About and bug reports.
 #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
 fn adapter_summary(info: &eframe::wgpu::AdapterInfo) -> String {
@@ -318,27 +354,50 @@ fn adapter_summary(info: &eframe::wgpu::AdapterInfo) -> String {
 /// macOS keeps its traffic lights over the integrated title strip.
 const CUSTOM_TITLEBAR: bool = !cfg!(target_os = "macos");
 
-fn main() -> eframe::Result {
+fn main() -> std::process::ExitCode {
+    // First, so every start-up warning is recorded (`logging`).
+    let logger = logging::install();
     vectorcraft_ui_egui::i18n::detect_system_lang_in_background();
+    // Before the first font scan (the app's start): the fonts font services load (#579).
+    #[cfg(all(windows, not(target_vendor = "win7")))]
+    system_fonts::install();
     let mut control_port: Option<u16> = std::env::var("VECTORCRAFT_CONTROL_PORT").ok().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok());
     let mut files = Vec::new();
+    let mut in_window_menus = std::env::var_os("VECTORCRAFT_IN_WINDOW_MENUS").is_some_and(|v| !v.is_empty() && v != "0");
     let mut args = std::env::args().skip(1);
     while let Some(a) = args.next() {
         match a.as_str() {
             "--control" => control_port = args.next().and_then(|p| p.parse().ok()),
+            "--in-window-menus" => in_window_menus = true,
             "--version" => {
                 println!("vectorcraft {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"));
-                return Ok(());
+                return std::process::ExitCode::SUCCESS;
             }
             _ => files.push(a),
         }
     }
+    // The log file lives in the settings directory, next to the preferences; opened after the
+    // arguments, so `--version` leaves no file behind. Records logged until now are written to it
+    // first. Runs without preferences (agents' test runs) log to standard error only, so they
+    // don't rotate away the user's own logs.
+    if let Some(logger) = logger {
+        match log_dir().filter(|_| prefs_enabled()) {
+            Some(dir) => match logger.attach_dir(&dir) {
+                Ok(path) => log::info!("VectorCraft {}, log file {}", env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"), path.display()),
+                // Standard error only by now (`attach_dir` gave up on the file); unlike `eprintln!`, never panics.
+                Err(e) => log::warn!("no log file: {e}"),
+            },
+            None => logger.no_file(),
+        }
+    }
     let saved = read_prefs();
     let saved_window = saved.as_ref().and_then(|ui| ui.window);
     #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
     let gpu_pref = saved.as_ref().and_then(|ui| ui.engine_prefs.get("gpuPreference")).and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str);
     #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
-    let power = power_preference(gpu_pref, eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference::from_env());
+    let power = gpu::power_preference(gpu_pref, eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference::from_env());
+    #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+    let startup = std::sync::Arc::new(gpu::Startup::default());
     let options = eframe::NativeOptions {
         viewport: egui::ViewportBuilder::default()
             .with_title("VectorCraft")
@@ -358,86 +417,99 @@ fn main() -> eframe::Result {
     #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
     let options = {
         let mut options = options;
+        // One frame queued, not two: the canvas is rasterized on the CPU and the GPU only
+        // composites it, so the window answers the pointer a frame sooner (#444).
+        options.wgpu_options.surface = eframe::egui_wgpu::SurfaceConfig::LOW_LATENCY;
+        // Only adapters that can show the window, in the order `gpu` gives (#306, #502).
         if let eframe::egui_wgpu::WgpuSetup::CreateNew(create) = &mut options.wgpu_options.wgpu_setup {
-            create.power_preference = power;
+            create.native_adapter_selector = Some(gpu::selector(power, startup.clone()));
         }
         options
     };
+    #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+    gpu::watch_panics();
     // Files opened from Finder and the Dock arrive as events, not arguments.
     #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
     open_documents::install();
-    eframe::run_native(
-        "VectorCraft",
-        options,
-        Box::new(move |cc| {
-            let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), services());
-            load_prefs(&mut app, saved);
-            // Fit the window to its monitor, or put it back where it was (still hidden).
-            if let Some(w) = cc.winit_window() {
-                app.ui.window = Some(window::restore(w, saved_window));
-            }
-            // User Defined swatch and graphic style libraries live next to the preferences.
-            let swatches = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Swatches").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
-            app.session.swatch_libraries.set_user_dir(swatches);
-            let styles = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Graphic Styles").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
-            app.session.style_libraries.set_user_dir(styles);
-            // Data Recovery copies live next to the preferences too (none for runs without
-            // preferences, such as agents' test runs, unless the recoveryFolder preference is set).
-            if std::env::var_os("VECTORCRAFT_NO_PREFS").is_none() {
-                let recovery = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Data Recovery").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
-                app.session.recovery.set_default_folder(recovery);
-            }
-            let graphics_loss = GraphicsLoss::default();
-            #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
-            if let Some(rs) = &cc.wgpu_render_state {
-                let summary = adapter_summary(&rs.adapter.get_info());
-                log::info!("vectorcraft: rendering with {summary} (power preference {power:?})");
-                app.graphics_adapter = Some(summary);
-                let (loss, ctx) = (graphics_loss.clone(), cc.egui_ctx.clone());
-                rs.device.set_device_lost_callback(move |reason, msg| loss.report(&ctx, format!("{reason:?}: {msg}")));
-            }
-            #[cfg(feature = "windows7")]
-            {
-                app.graphics_adapter = Some("OpenGL (Windows 7 compatibility)".into());
-            }
-            app.integrated_titlebar = cfg!(target_os = "macos");
-            app.custom_titlebar = CUSTOM_TITLEBAR;
-            if let Some(port) = control_port {
-                let rx = control_server::start(port, cc.egui_ctx.clone());
-                app = app.with_control(rx);
-            }
-            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-            open_documents::set_ui(&cc.egui_ctx);
-            open_files(&mut app, files);
-            Ok(Box::new(App {
-                app,
-                graphics_loss,
-                graphics_lost: false,
+    #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+    let created = startup.clone();
+    // A panic that ends the window (egui-wgpu's own, #502) is caught here: never a crash.
+    let outcome = vectorcraft_engine::guard::catch_panic(|| {
+        eframe::run_native(
+            "VectorCraft",
+            options,
+            Box::new(move |cc| {
+                let mut app = VectorcraftApp::new(Session::new(), services(cc.winit_window().cloned()));
+                load_prefs(&mut app, saved);
+                // Fit the window to its monitor, or put it back where it was (still hidden).
+                if let Some(w) = cc.winit_window() {
+                    app.ui.window = Some(window::restore(w, saved_window));
+                }
+                // User Defined swatch and graphic style libraries live next to the preferences.
+                let swatches = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Swatches").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
+                app.session.swatch_libraries.set_user_dir(swatches);
+                let styles = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Graphic Styles").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
+                app.session.style_libraries.set_user_dir(styles);
+                // Data Recovery copies live next to the preferences too (none for runs without
+                // preferences, such as agents' test runs, unless the recoveryFolder preference is set).
+                if std::env::var_os("VECTORCRAFT_NO_PREFS").is_none() {
+                    let recovery = prefs_path().and_then(|p| Some(p.parent()?.join("Data Recovery").to_string_lossy().to_string()));
+                    app.session.recovery.set_default_folder(recovery);
+                }
+                let graphics_loss = GraphicsLoss::default();
+                #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+                if let Some(rs) = &cc.wgpu_render_state {
+                    let summary = adapter_summary(&rs.adapter.get_info());
+                    log::info!("rendering with {summary} (power preference {power:?})");
+                    created.created(&cc.egui_ctx);
+                    if !gpu::skipped().is_empty() {
+                        app.status(format!("The graphics processor tried first couldn't show the window, so VectorCraft started again on {summary}"));
+                    }
+                    app.graphics_adapter = Some(summary);
+                    let (loss, ctx) = (graphics_loss.clone(), cc.egui_ctx.clone());
+                    rs.device.set_device_lost_callback(move |reason, msg| loss.report(&ctx, format!("{reason:?}: {msg}")));
+                }
+                #[cfg(feature = "windows7")]
+                {
+                    app.graphics_adapter = Some("OpenGL (Windows 7 compatibility)".into());
+                }
+                app.integrated_titlebar = cfg!(target_os = "macos");
+                app.custom_titlebar = CUSTOM_TITLEBAR;
+                if let Some(port) = control_port {
+                    let rx = control_server::start(port, cc.egui_ctx.clone());
+                    app = app.with_control(rx);
+                }
                 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
-                menu: None,
-            }))
-        }),
-    )
+                {
+                    open_documents::set_ui(&cc.egui_ctx);
+                    // The macOS menu bar, installed now so winit's default menu doesn't stay up.
+                    if !in_window_menus {
+                        app.services.native_menu = mac_menu::install(&cc.egui_ctx, &app);
+                    }
+                }
+                #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
+                let _ = in_window_menus;
+                open_files(&mut app, files);
+                Ok(Box::new(App { app, graphics_loss, graphics_lost: false }))
+            }),
+        )
+    });
+    #[cfg(feature = "wgpu")]
+    let outcome = gpu::finish(outcome, &startup);
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "wgpu"))]
+    let outcome = outcome.and_then(|r| r.map_err(|e| e.to_string()));
+    match outcome {
+        Ok(()) => std::process::ExitCode::SUCCESS,
+        Err(e) => {
+            log::error!("VectorCraft stopped: {e}");
+            std::process::ExitCode::FAILURE
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(test, feature = "wgpu"))]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use eframe::wgpu::PowerPreference;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn power_saving_unless_the_preference_or_the_environment_says_otherwise() {
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(None, None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("powerSaving"), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), None), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
-        // A value this version doesn't know (a newer or damaged preference file) is the default.
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("turbo"), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some(""), None), PowerPreference::LowPower);
-        // WGPU_POWER_PREF wins over the preference, either way.
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("powerSaving"), Some(PowerPreference::HighPerformance)), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(Some("highPerformance"), Some(PowerPreference::LowPower)), PowerPreference::LowPower);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(None, Some(PowerPreference::None)), PowerPreference::None);
-    }
 
     /// The file extensions the macOS bundle declares: its document types and its own exported type.
     fn plist_extensions(plist: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
@@ -467,16 +539,4 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(types > 1 && plist.matches("<key>LSHandlerRank</key>").count() == types, "every document type has a rank");
         assert_eq!(plist.matches("<string>Owner</string>").count(), 2, "only VectorCraft documents and templates are owned");
     }
-
-    /// The preference the engine saves is the one the app reads back before the window opens.
-    #[test]
-    fn the_saved_engine_preference_is_found() {
-        let mut prefs = vectorcraft_engine::Prefs::default();
-        let saved = prefs.to_json();
-        assert_eq!(saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str), Some("powerSaving"));
-        prefs.gpu_preference = "highPerformance".into();
-        let saved = prefs.to_json();
-        let pref = saved.get("gpuPreference").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str);
-        assert_eq!(power_preference(pref, None), PowerPreference::HighPerformance);
-    }
 }

apps/vectorcraft/src/native_menu.rs

@@ -1,183 +0,0 @@
-//! macOS: VectorCraft's menu tree as the native system menu bar (like Illustrator on the Mac).
-//! Items dispatch through the same command path as the in-window menus; enablement, check marks
-//! and dynamic labels ("Undo Move") are refreshed a few times per second, and the menu is rebuilt
-//! when saved views or recent files come and go.
-
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::str::FromStr;
-
-use muda::accelerator::Accelerator;
-use muda::{CheckMenuItem, Menu, MenuEvent, MenuItem, PredefinedMenuItem, Submenu};
-use serde_json::Value;
-use vectorcraft_ui_egui::VectorcraftApp;
-use vectorcraft_ui_egui::i18n::{self, Lang, t};
-use vectorcraft_ui_egui::menus::{self, Item};
-
-enum Handle {
-    Plain(MenuItem),
-    Check(CheckMenuItem),
-}
-
-pub struct NativeMenu {
-    _menu: Menu,
-    items: HashMap<String, (String, Value, Handle, String)>,
-    last_refresh: f64,
-    /// Shortcut-override / workspace-list generation the menu was built for.
-    generation: u64,
-    /// Saved views and recent files listed (empty slots are left out, so a change rebuilds).
-    slots: usize,
-    /// Plug-in registry revision the Plug-ins submenus were built for.
-    plugins: u64,
-    /// The language the labels were built in (a change rebuilds the menu).
-    language: Lang,
-}
-
-/// Accelerator for a shortcut like "Cmd+Shift+]" (modifier-less shortcuts stay in the app so they
-/// don't steal keys from text fields; a focused field still gets Cmd+A/X/C/V, see [`NativeMenu::poll`]).
-fn accel(sc: &str) -> Option<Accelerator> {
-    if !(sc.contains("Cmd") || sc.contains("Ctrl") || sc.contains("Alt") || sc.starts_with('F')) {
-        return None;
-    }
-    Accelerator::from_str(&sc.replace("Cmd", "CMD").replace("Alt", "ALT").replace("Shift", "SHIFT").replace("Ctrl", "CTRL")).ok()
-}
-
-impl NativeMenu {
-    pub fn install(app: &mut VectorcraftApp) -> Self {
-        // Accelerators come from `shortcut_of`, which honours the user's overrides.
-        vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcut_editor::sync(&app.ui);
-        let generation = vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcut_editor::GENERATION.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed);
-        let menu = Menu::new();
-        let mut items = HashMap::new();
-        let mut counter = 0usize;
-        for (title, entries) in menus::menu_tree() {
-            let sub = Submenu::new(t(title), true);
-            build(app, &sub, &entries, &mut items, &mut counter);
-            let _ = menu.append(&sub);
-        }
-        menu.init_for_nsapp();
-        app.native_menu = true;
-        app.native_shortcuts = items
-            .values()
-            .filter(|(_, p, _, c)| (p.is_null() || p.as_object().is_some_and(|o| o.is_empty())) && menus::shortcut_of(c).and_then(accel).is_some())
-            .map(|(_, _, _, c)| c.clone())
-            .collect();
-        Self {
-            _menu: menu,
-            items,
-            last_refresh: 0.0,
-            generation,
-            slots: menus::listed_slots(app),
-            plugins: menus::plugin_revision(),
-            language: i18n::current(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Dispatch chosen items (a focused text field takes Select All and the clipboard) and refresh
-    /// state.
-    pub fn poll(&mut self, app: &mut VectorcraftApp, ctx: &egui::Context) {
-        while let Ok(ev) = MenuEvent::receiver().try_recv() {
-            if let Some((cmd, params, _, _)) = self.items.get(ev.id.as_ref()) {
-                let p = if params.is_null() { serde_json::json!({}) } else { params.clone() };
-                menus::invoke_from_system_menu(app, ctx, cmd, p);
-            }
-        }
-        let now = vectorcraft_ui_egui::now_ms();
-        if now - self.last_refresh < 250.0 {
-            return;
-        }
-        self.last_refresh = now;
-        // Shortcuts edited, workspaces added, saved views, recent files, plug-ins or the UI language
-        // changed: rebuild so accelerators, lists and labels are current.
-        if vectorcraft_ui_egui::shortcut_editor::GENERATION.load(std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed) != self.generation
-            || menus::listed_slots(app) != self.slots
-            || menus::plugin_revision() != self.plugins
-            || i18n::current() != self.language
-        {
-            *self = NativeMenu::install(app);
-            return;
-        }
-        for (run, rp, h, cmd) in self.items.values() {
-            let null = Value::Null;
-            let params = if run == cmd { rp } else { &null };
-            let en = menus::enabled(app, cmd);
-            match h {
-                Handle::Plain(i) => {
-                    i.set_enabled(en);
-                    if matches!(
-                        cmd.as_str(),
-                        "edit.undo"
-                            | "edit.redo"
-                            | "view.outline"
-                            | "view.rulers"
-                            | "view.guides"
-                            | "view.grid"
-                            | "view.edges"
-                            | "view.artboards"
-                            | "view.boundingBox"
-                            | "view.transparencyGrid"
-                            | "window.workspace.reset"
-                    ) || cmd.starts_with("file.openRecent")
-                        || cmd.starts_with("type.recentFont")
-                        || cmd.starts_with("view.goto")
-                        || matches!(
-                            cmd.as_str(),
-                            "view.cornerWidget" | "view.textThreads" | "view.gradientAnnotator" | "effect.last" | "type.hiddenCharacters"
-                        )
-                    {
-                        i.set_text(menus::display_label(app, cmd, ""));
-                    }
-                }
-                Handle::Check(c) => {
-                    c.set_enabled(en);
-                    c.set_checked(menus::checked(app, cmd, params).unwrap_or(false));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn build(
-    app: &VectorcraftApp,
-    parent: &Submenu,
-    entries: &[Item],
-    items: &mut HashMap<String, (String, Value, Handle, String)>,
-    counter: &mut usize,
-) {
-    for e in entries {
-        match e {
-            Item::Sep => {
-                let _ = parent.append(&PredefinedMenuItem::separator());
-            }
-            Item::Header(h) => {
-                let _ = parent.append(&MenuItem::new(t(h), false, None));
-            }
-            Item::Todo(label, sc) => {
-                let _ = parent.append(&MenuItem::new(t(label), false, accel(sc)));
-            }
-            Item::Sub(label, children) => {
-                let sub = Submenu::new(t(label), true);
-                build(app, &sub, children, items, counter);
-                let _ = parent.append(&sub);
-            }
-            // Unused saved-view and recent-file slots are left out, as in the in-window menus.
-            Item::Cmd(_, cmd, _) if menus::hidden_slot(app, cmd) => {}
-            Item::Cmd(label, cmd, params) => {
-                *counter += 1;
-                let id = format!("dc{counter}");
-                let sc = if params.is_null() { menus::shortcut_of(cmd).and_then(accel) } else { None };
-                let handle = if menus::checked(app, cmd, params).is_some() {
-                    let c = CheckMenuItem::with_id(id.clone(), menus::display_label(app, cmd, label), true, false, sc);
-                    let _ = parent.append(&c);
-                    Handle::Check(c)
-                } else {
-                    let i = MenuItem::with_id(id.clone(), menus::display_label(app, cmd, label), true, sc);
-                    let _ = parent.append(&i);
-                    Handle::Plain(i)
-                };
-                let (run, run_params) = menus::click_target(label, cmd, params);
-                let _ = &run_params;
-                items.insert(id, (run, run_params, handle, cmd.to_string()));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}

apps/vectorcraft/src/open_documents.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn take() -> Vec<String> {
 fn add_open_urls_method() {
     let Some(mtm) = MainThreadMarker::new() else { return };
     let Some(delegate) = NSApplication::sharedApplication(mtm).delegate() else {
-        log::warn!("vectorcraft: no application delegate; files opened from Finder won't open");
+        log::warn!("no application delegate; files opened from Finder won't open");
         return;
     };
     let class = AsRef::<AnyObject>::as_ref(&*delegate).class();
@@ -72,13 +72,14 @@ fn add_open_urls_method() {
         objc2::ffi::class_addMethod(std::ptr::from_ref(class).cast_mut(), sel!(application:openURLs:), imp, c"v@:@@".as_ptr())
     };
     if !added.as_bool() {
-        log::warn!("vectorcraft: the application delegate already handles open-document events");
+        log::warn!("the application delegate already handles open-document events");
     }
 }
 
 /// Queue the files among `urls` and wake the UI. Never panics: it runs inside AppKit.
 extern "C-unwind" fn open_urls(_delegate: &AnyObject, _cmd: Sel, _app: &AnyObject, urls: &NSArray<NSURL>) {
-    let paths = urls.iter().filter_map(|u| u.to_file_path()).map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
+    // Only file URLs: macOS 27 turns an https URL's path into a file path too (#433).
+    let paths = urls.iter().filter(|u| u.isFileURL()).filter_map(|u| u.to_file_path()).map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned());
     PENDING.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner).extend(paths);
     if let Some(ctx) = UI.get() {
         ctx.request_repaint();

apps/vectorcraft/src/system_fonts.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Windows: the font files in DirectWrite's system font collection, scanned with the font folders
+//! (`vectorcraft_text::set_platform_font_files`). The desktop app and `vectorcraft-cli` (exports,
+//! MCP) both install it; the CLI shares this file.
+//!
+//! Font services such as Adobe Fonts load their fonts with GDI at run time, from files in their
+//! own folders, without installing them: the font folders and the registry don't list them. Since
+//! Windows 10 (version 1607) DirectWrite's system font collection holds them too
+//! (<https://learn.microsoft.com/windows/win32/directwrite/what-s-new-in-directwrite-for-windows-8-consumer-preview>,
+//! "Support for Adobe Typekit and other font-service clients"), so VectorCraft lists them as other
+//! apps do, reading the files in place (#579).
+//!
+//! DirectWrite is COM, which has no safe API, hence the scoped `unsafe_code` allowance.
+#![allow(unsafe_code)]
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use windows::Win32::Graphics::DirectWrite::{
+    DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED, DWriteCreateFactory, IDWriteFactory3, IDWriteFontSet, IDWriteLocalFontFileLoader,
+};
+use windows::core::Interface;
+
+/// The most fonts read from the collection (a system has a few thousand).
+const MAX_FONTS: u32 = 1 << 16;
+/// The longest file path taken, in UTF-16 units (Windows' own limit).
+const MAX_PATH: u32 = 32_767;
+
+/// Have the font scans read the font files DirectWrite lists.
+pub fn install() {
+    vectorcraft_text::set_platform_font_files(font_files);
+}
+
+/// The local files of the fonts in DirectWrite's system font collection as it is now (fonts
+/// loaded since the last call included). None before Windows 10, or when DirectWrite fails: the
+/// font folders and the registry still list the installed fonts.
+fn font_files() -> Vec<String> {
+    match collection_files() {
+        Ok(files) => files.into_iter().collect(),
+        Err(e) => {
+            log::debug!("DirectWrite's system fonts aren't listed: {e}");
+            Vec::new()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn collection_files() -> windows::core::Result<BTreeSet<String>> {
+    // SAFETY: plain DirectWrite calls on interfaces it returned, each checked for failure; the
+    // collection is asked to check for fonts loaded since the factory last looked.
+    let set = unsafe {
+        let factory: IDWriteFactory3 = DWriteCreateFactory(DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED)?;
+        let mut collection = None;
+        factory.GetSystemFontCollection(false, &mut collection, true)?;
+        let Some(collection) = collection else { return Ok(BTreeSet::new()) };
+        collection.GetFontSet()?
+    };
+    // SAFETY: a count of the set's fonts.
+    let count = unsafe { set.GetFontCount() }.min(MAX_FONTS);
+    // Faces of one file (a collection's, a variable font's instances) name it once.
+    Ok((0..count).filter_map(|i| local_path(&set, i)).collect())
+}
+
+/// The path of the file holding font `i` of `set`, when it is a local file (not a downloadable
+/// font, nor one in memory).
+fn local_path(set: &IDWriteFontSet, i: u32) -> Option<String> {
+    // SAFETY: `i` is below the set's count; the key DirectWrite hands back stays valid while
+    // `file` (which owns it) lives, and is passed back with its own size; the path buffer is
+    // sized from DirectWrite's answer plus the terminating NUL.
+    unsafe {
+        let file = set.GetFontFaceReference(i).ok()?.GetFontFile().ok()?;
+        let loader: IDWriteLocalFontFileLoader = file.GetLoader().ok()?.cast().ok()?;
+        let (mut key, mut size) = (std::ptr::null_mut(), 0u32);
+        file.GetReferenceKey(&mut key, &mut size).ok()?;
+        let len = loader.GetFilePathLengthFromKey(key, size).ok()?;
+        if len == 0 || len > MAX_PATH {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut path = vec![0u16; len as usize + 1];
+        loader.GetFilePathFromKey(key, size, &mut path).ok()?;
+        Some(String::from_utf16_lossy(path.get(..len as usize)?))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    /// DirectWrite lists the installed fonts, by their files' full paths.
+    #[test]
+    fn directwrite_lists_the_installed_font_files() {
+        let files = super::font_files();
+        assert!(files.iter().all(|f| std::path::Path::new(f).is_absolute()), "{:?}", files.first());
+        let fonts = std::path::Path::new(&std::env::var("WINDIR").unwrap()).join("Fonts").to_string_lossy().to_lowercase();
+        assert!(files.iter().any(|f| f.to_lowercase().starts_with(&fonts)), "{} files, {:?}", files.len(), files.first());
+    }
+}

assets/icons/dc-anchor-smooth.svg

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M3 20 C5 11 8 7 12 7 S19 11 21 20"/><path d="M5 7 H19"/><circle cx="5" cy="7" r="1.4" fill="currentColor"/><circle cx="19" cy="7" r="1.4" fill="currentColor"/><rect x="10" y="5" width="4" height="4" fill="currentColor"/></svg>

assets/icons/dc-pen-add.svg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 19l-7-7 3-6 8 3 3 7-7 3z" /><path d="M5 12l5-5"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="1.5"/><path d="M19 3v5M16.5 5.5h5"/></svg>

assets/icons/dc-pen-delete.svg

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M12 19l-7-7 3-6 8 3 3 7-7 3z" /><path d="M5 12l5-5"/><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="1.5"/><path d="M16.5 5.5h5"/></svg>

assets/icons/pen-tool-add.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!-- @license lucide-static v1.49.0 - ISC -->
+<!-- Lucide's pen-tool with a plus badge added for VectorCraft -->
+<svg
+  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+  width="24"
+  height="24"
+  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+  fill="none"
+  stroke="currentColor"
+  stroke-width="2"
+  stroke-linecap="round"
+  stroke-linejoin="round"
+>
+  <path d="M15.707 21.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-1.586-1.586a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5.586-5.586a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l1.586 1.586a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414z" />
+  <path d="m18 13-1.375-6.874a1 1 0 0 0-.746-.776L3.235 2.028a1 1 0 0 0-1.207 1.207L5.35 15.879a1 1 0 0 0 .776.746L13 18" />
+  <path d="m2.3 2.3 7.286 7.286" />
+  <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="2" />
+  <path d="M4 18.3v4.4M1.8 20.5h4.4" />
+</svg>

assets/icons/pen-tool-delete.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!-- @license lucide-static v1.49.0 - ISC -->
+<!-- Lucide's pen-tool with a minus badge added for VectorCraft -->
+<svg
+  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+  width="24"
+  height="24"
+  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+  fill="none"
+  stroke="currentColor"
+  stroke-width="2"
+  stroke-linecap="round"
+  stroke-linejoin="round"
+>
+  <path d="M15.707 21.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-1.586-1.586a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l5.586-5.586a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0l1.586 1.586a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414z" />
+  <path d="m18 13-1.375-6.874a1 1 0 0 0-.746-.776L3.235 2.028a1 1 0 0 0-1.207 1.207L5.35 15.879a1 1 0 0 0 .776.746L13 18" />
+  <path d="m2.3 2.3 7.286 7.286" />
+  <circle cx="11" cy="11" r="2" />
+  <path d="M1.8 20.5h4.4" />
+</svg>

contributors/people.toml

@@ -21,3 +21,17 @@
 real_name = "Brandon Thomas"
 display_name = "Brandon Thomas"
 sync_github_name = false
+
+[people.callmeBalloch]
+real_name = "Riccardo Balloch"
+sync_github_name = false
+
+[people.mo0kid]
+sync_github_name = true
+
+[people.omd0]
+sync_github_name = true
+
+[people.dotCooCoo]
+real_name = "Robert Lee"
+sync_github_name = true

crates/cad/src/scene.rs

@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ impl<'a> Scene<'a> {
                 }
             }
             // Live blends, envelopes, meshes and repeats are written as their evaluated art.
-            NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Mesh(_) | NodeKind::Repeat(_) => {
+            NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Mesh(_) | NodeKind::Repeat(_) | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => {
                 let g = vectorcraft_effects::expand_live_deep(Some(self.doc), n);
                 for c in g.children().into_iter().flatten() {
                     self.node(c, false);

crates/color/src/palette_io.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 //! Swatch library files: the native `.vcswatches` JSON (colour models, global, spot, gradients
 //! and colour groups exactly), `.gpl` palettes (8-bit RGB; colour groups as `# Group:` comment
-//! headers) and CSS custom properties (written only).
+//! headers) and CSS custom properties (written only). Swatch exchange files (`.ase`) are read
+//! only ([`read_bytes`]).
+
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -58,6 +61,15 @@ struct NativeFile {
 const NATIVE_FORMAT: &str = "vcswatches";
 const GPL_HEADER: &str = "GIMP Palette";
 const GPL_GROUP: &str = "# Group:";
+const ASE_SIGNATURE: &[u8] = b"ASEF";
+const ASE_GROUP_START: u16 = 0xC001;
+const ASE_GROUP_END: u16 = 0xC002;
+const ASE_COLOR: u16 = 0x0001;
+/// The most colors and groups read from one `.ase` file.
+const ASE_MAX_ENTRIES: usize = 100_000;
+/// The most UTF-16 code units of a name that are kept.
+const ASE_MAX_NAME: usize = 1024;
+const ASE_CUT_SHORT: &str = "the swatch exchange file is cut short";
 
 /// Write `lib` in `format`. Pattern swatches (their tiles live in a document) and None are left
 /// out; `.gpl` keeps solid colours only, as 8-bit RGB.
@@ -199,16 +211,34 @@ pub fn sniff(text: &str) -> bool {
     t.starts_with(GPL_HEADER) || (t.starts_with('{') && t.contains(NATIVE_FORMAT))
 }
 
+/// Read the bytes of a library file: a swatch exchange `.ase` file, else a `.vcswatches` or
+/// `.gpl` library ([`read`]). `name` names it when the file doesn't.
+pub fn read_bytes(bytes: &[u8], name: &str) -> Result<SwatchLibrary, String> {
+    if bytes.starts_with(ASE_SIGNATURE) {
+        return read_ase(bytes, name);
+    }
+    read(&String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes), name)
+}
+
+/// Are `bytes` a library [`read_bytes`] understands? Text that isn't valid UTF-8 is checked as
+/// [`read_bytes`] reads it, with the invalid bytes replaced (its first KiB is enough).
+pub fn sniff_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    bytes.starts_with(ASE_SIGNATURE)
+        || std::str::from_utf8(bytes).is_ok_and(sniff)
+        || sniff(&String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes.get(..1024).unwrap_or(bytes)))
+}
+
 /// `.gpl`: `Name:` names the library, `# Group: name` starts a colour group, other `#` lines and
-/// headers (`Columns:`) are skipped, as are lines that aren't `r g b [name]`. Unnamed colours are
-/// named by their values; repeated names get a number.
+/// headers (`Columns:`) are skipped, as are lines that aren't `r g b [name]`. Unnamed colors are
+/// named by their values and unnamed groups "Color Group"; a name a color or group already has gets
+/// a number ([`UniqueNames`]).
 fn read_gpl(text: &str, fallback: &str) -> SwatchLibrary {
     let mut lib = SwatchLibrary { name: fallback.into(), ..Default::default() };
-    let mut names: Vec<String> = vec![];
+    let mut names = UniqueNames::default();
     for line in text.lines().skip(1) {
         let line = line.trim();
         if let Some(g) = line.strip_prefix(GPL_GROUP) {
-            lib.groups.push(SwatchGroup { name: g.trim().to_string(), swatches: vec![] });
+            lib.groups.push(SwatchGroup { name: names.unique(group_name(g)), swatches: vec![] });
             continue;
         }
         if let Some(n) = line.strip_prefix("Name:") {
@@ -221,9 +251,7 @@ fn read_gpl(text: &str, fallback: &str) -> SwatchLibrary {
         let [r, g, b] = rgb[..] else { continue };
         let rest = words[3..].join(" ");
         let base = if rest.is_empty() { format!("R={r} G={g} B={b}") } else { rest };
-        let name = (1..).map(|i| if i == 1 { base.clone() } else { format!("{base} {i}") }).find(|n| !names.contains(n)).unwrap_or(base);
-        names.push(name.clone());
-        let w = Swatch { name, paint: Paint::solid(Color::rgb8(r, g, b)), global: false, spot: false };
+        let w = Swatch { name: names.unique(base), paint: Paint::solid(Color::rgb8(r, g, b)), global: false, spot: false };
         match lib.groups.last_mut() {
             Some(grp) => grp.swatches.push(w),
             None => lib.swatches.push(w),
@@ -232,6 +260,184 @@ fn read_gpl(text: &str, fallback: &str) -> SwatchLibrary {
     lib
 }
 
+/// `.ase`, from public descriptions of the format: the layout from
+/// <https://www.selapa.net/swatches/colors/fileformats.php>, the component ranges from
+/// <https://github.com/nsfmc/swatch>. After the signature come, big-endian, a `u16` major (1) and
+/// minor version, a `u32` block count and the blocks, each a `u16` type, a `u32` body length and
+/// the body. A group start's body is a name. A color's body is a name, a four-character model
+/// (`RGB `, `CMYK`, `LAB `, `Gray`), its components as `f32` (3, 4, 3 and 1 of them) and a `u16`
+/// color type (0 global, 1 spot, 2 process). RGB, CMYK and gray components run from 0 to 1 (a
+/// gray level of 1 is white), Lab lightness from 0 to 1 and a and b from −128 to 127. A lightness
+/// above 1 is read as L* itself. A name is a `u16` count of UTF-16 code units, the terminating zero
+/// included, then the units.
+///
+/// Color groups become groups: a group start inside an open group ends that group, and a group
+/// left open ends with the file. Blocks of other types and colors in other models are skipped.
+/// Unnamed colors are named by their values and unnamed groups "Color Group"; a name a color or
+/// group already has gets a number ([`UniqueNames`]). A truncated file, a major version other than
+/// 1 or more than [`ASE_MAX_ENTRIES`] colors and groups is an error.
+fn read_ase(bytes: &[u8], fallback: &str) -> Result<SwatchLibrary, String> {
+    let mut data = AseData(bytes);
+    data.bytes(ASE_SIGNATURE.len())?;
+    let (major, minor) = (data.u16()?, data.u16()?);
+    if major != 1 {
+        return Err(format!("swatch exchange version {major}.{minor} isn't supported (only 1.x)"));
+    }
+    let blocks = data.u32()?;
+    let mut lib = SwatchLibrary { name: fallback.into(), ..Default::default() };
+    let mut names = UniqueNames::default();
+    let (mut in_group, mut entries) = (false, 0usize);
+    for _ in 0..blocks {
+        let kind = data.u16()?;
+        let len = usize::try_from(data.u32()?).unwrap_or(usize::MAX);
+        let mut body = AseData(data.bytes(len)?);
+        if matches!(kind, ASE_GROUP_START | ASE_COLOR) {
+            entries += 1;
+            if entries > ASE_MAX_ENTRIES {
+                return Err(format!("the swatch exchange file holds more than {ASE_MAX_ENTRIES} colors and groups"));
+            }
+        }
+        match kind {
+            ASE_GROUP_START => {
+                lib.groups.push(SwatchGroup { name: names.unique(group_name(&body.name()?)), swatches: vec![] });
+                in_group = true;
+            }
+            ASE_GROUP_END => in_group = false,
+            ASE_COLOR => {
+                let Some(mut w) = ase_swatch(&mut body)? else { continue };
+                w.name = names.unique(std::mem::take(&mut w.name));
+                match lib.groups.last_mut().filter(|_| in_group) {
+                    Some(g) => g.swatches.push(w),
+                    None => lib.swatches.push(w),
+                }
+            }
+            // Other blocks are skipped.
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(lib)
+}
+
+/// The swatch of an `.ase` color block, `None` for a model other than RGB, CMYK, Lab and Gray.
+/// Components are clamped to their ranges.
+fn ase_swatch(body: &mut AseData) -> Result<Option<Swatch>, String> {
+    let name = body.name()?;
+    let unit = |v: f32| v.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    let color = match &body.array::<4>()? {
+        b"RGB " => {
+            let [r, g, b] = [body.f32()?, body.f32()?, body.f32()?];
+            Color::rgb(unit(r), unit(g), unit(b))
+        }
+        b"CMYK" => {
+            let [c, m, y, k] = [body.f32()?, body.f32()?, body.f32()?, body.f32()?];
+            Color::cmyk(unit(c), unit(m), unit(y), unit(k))
+        }
+        // Lightness is stored as a fraction of 100. Some writers store L* itself, which shows as a
+        // value above 1.
+        b"LAB " => {
+            let [l, a, b] = [body.f32()?, body.f32()?, body.f32()?];
+            let l = if l > 1.0 { l.min(100.0) } else { unit(l) * 100.0 };
+            Color::lab(l, a.clamp(-128.0, 127.0), b.clamp(-128.0, 127.0))
+        }
+        // A gray level (1 is white); a gray color holds its ink.
+        b"Gray" => Color::gray(1.0 - unit(body.f32()?)),
+        _ => return Ok(None),
+    };
+    // Some writers leave the color type out, which makes a process color.
+    let kind = if body.0.len() >= 2 { body.u16()? } else { 2 };
+    // Spot colors are global.
+    let (global, spot) = match kind {
+        0 => (true, false),
+        1 => (true, true),
+        _ => (false, false),
+    };
+    let name = if name.is_empty() { value_name(color) } else { name };
+    Ok(Some(Swatch { name, paint: Paint::solid(color), global, spot }))
+}
+
+/// A color's values in its own model, as new swatches are named ("C=10 M=20 Y=30 K=0",
+/// "R=255 G=128 B=0", "Gray K=40", "L=52 a=70 b=-30").
+fn value_name(c: Color) -> String {
+    let pct = |v: f32| (v * 100.0).round();
+    let byte = |v: f32| (v * 255.0).round();
+    match c {
+        Color::Cmyk { c, m, y, k } => format!("C={} M={} Y={} K={}", pct(c), pct(m), pct(y), pct(k)),
+        Color::Rgb { r, g, b } => format!("R={} G={} B={}", byte(r), byte(g), byte(b)),
+        Color::Gray { k } => format!("Gray K={}", pct(k)),
+        // `+ 0.0` turns a rounded -0 into 0.
+        Color::Lab { l, a, b } => format!("L={} a={} b={}", l.round() + 0.0, a.round() + 0.0, b.round() + 0.0),
+    }
+}
+
+/// `.ase` data, read field by field; reading past its end is an error.
+struct AseData<'a>(&'a [u8]);
+
+impl<'a> AseData<'a> {
+    fn bytes(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<&'a [u8], String> {
+        let (head, rest) = self.0.split_at_checked(n).ok_or(ASE_CUT_SHORT)?;
+        self.0 = rest;
+        Ok(head)
+    }
+    fn array<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> Result<[u8; N], String> {
+        let (head, rest) = self.0.split_first_chunk::<N>().ok_or(ASE_CUT_SHORT)?;
+        self.0 = rest;
+        Ok(*head)
+    }
+    fn u16(&mut self) -> Result<u16, String> {
+        self.array().map(u16::from_be_bytes)
+    }
+    fn u32(&mut self) -> Result<u32, String> {
+        self.array().map(u32::from_be_bytes)
+    }
+    /// A component; one that isn't a finite number reads as 0.
+    fn f32(&mut self) -> Result<f32, String> {
+        let v = f32::from_be_bytes(self.array()?);
+        Ok(if v.is_finite() { v } else { 0.0 })
+    }
+    /// A name up to its terminating zero, trimmed. A block that ends before it has no name.
+    fn name(&mut self) -> Result<String, String> {
+        if self.0.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(String::new());
+        }
+        let n = usize::from(self.u16()?);
+        let (units, _) = self.bytes(n * 2)?.as_chunks::<2>();
+        let units: Vec<u16> = units.iter().take(ASE_MAX_NAME).map(|u| u16::from_be_bytes(*u)).take_while(|&u| u != 0).collect();
+        Ok(String::from_utf16_lossy(&units).trim().to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A group's name as a file gives it, trimmed; "Color Group" when it has none.
+fn group_name(name: &str) -> String {
+    let name = name.trim();
+    if name.is_empty() { "Color Group".into() } else { name.to_string() }
+}
+
+/// The swatch and group names a reader has handed out. Swatches and color groups share one set of
+/// names, as in a document, and a name already taken gets the first free number ("Black 2").
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct UniqueNames {
+    taken: HashSet<String>,
+    /// The last number tried for each repeated name.
+    last: HashMap<String, usize>,
+}
+
+impl UniqueNames {
+    fn unique(&mut self, base: String) -> String {
+        if self.taken.insert(base.clone()) {
+            return base;
+        }
+        // Each pass tries the next number, and only finitely many names are taken.
+        let n = self.last.entry(base.clone()).or_insert(1);
+        loop {
+            *n += 1;
+            let name = format!("{base} {n}");
+            if self.taken.insert(name.clone()) {
+                return name;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -294,6 +500,11 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(names, ["Sky Blue", "R=10 G=20 B=30", "Black", "Black 2"]);
         assert_eq!(lib.swatches[0].paint.color(), Some(Color::rgb8(0, 128, 255)));
         assert_eq!(read("GIMP Palette\n1 2 3 x\n", "Fallback").unwrap().name, "Fallback");
+        // Colors and groups share names; an unnamed group is "Color Group".
+        let lib = read("GIMP Palette\n0 0 0 Black\n# Group: Black\n1 1 1 Black\n# Group:\n", "x").unwrap();
+        let groups: Vec<(&str, Vec<&str>)> =
+            lib.groups.iter().map(|g| (g.name.as_str(), g.swatches.iter().map(|w| w.name.as_str()).collect())).collect();
+        assert_eq!(groups, [("Black 2", vec!["Black 3"]), ("Color Group", vec![])]);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -321,4 +532,117 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(text.contains("--red: #000000;") && text.contains("--red-2: #000000;"));
         assert!(read(&text, "x").is_err(), "CSS is written only");
     }
+
+    /// A swatch exchange file of `blocks` (type, body).
+    fn ase(blocks: &[(u16, Vec<u8>)]) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut out = b"ASEF\0\x01\0\0".to_vec();
+        out.extend((blocks.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
+        for (kind, body) in blocks {
+            out.extend(kind.to_be_bytes());
+            out.extend((body.len() as u32).to_be_bytes());
+            out.extend(body);
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// A name as `.ase` stores it.
+    fn ase_name(name: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let units: Vec<u16> = name.encode_utf16().chain([0]).collect();
+        let mut out = (units.len() as u16).to_be_bytes().to_vec();
+        out.extend(units.iter().flat_map(|u| u.to_be_bytes()));
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// A color block: name, model, components and color type.
+    fn ase_color(name: &str, model: &[u8; 4], values: &[f32], kind: u16) -> (u16, Vec<u8>) {
+        let mut body = ase_name(name);
+        body.extend(model);
+        body.extend(values.iter().flat_map(|v| v.to_be_bytes()));
+        body.extend(kind.to_be_bytes());
+        (ASE_COLOR, body)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ase_reads_color_models_kinds_and_groups() {
+        let bytes = ase(&[
+            ase_color("Sky", b"RGB ", &[0.0, 0.5, 1.0], 0),
+            ase_color("Ink", b"CMYK", &[1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.2], 1),
+            (ASE_GROUP_START, ase_name("Neutrals")),
+            ase_color("Mist", b"Gray", &[0.75], 2),
+            ase_color("Clay", b"LAB ", &[0.5, 20.0, -30.0], 2),
+            (ASE_GROUP_END, vec![]),
+            ase_color("Paper", b"RGB ", &[1.0, 1.0, 1.0], 2),
+        ]);
+        assert!(sniff_bytes(&bytes));
+        let sw = |name: &str, color, global, spot| Swatch { name: name.into(), paint: Paint::solid(color), global, spot };
+        let expected = SwatchLibrary {
+            name: "Brand".into(),
+            swatches: vec![
+                sw("Sky", Color::rgb(0.0, 0.5, 1.0), true, false),
+                sw("Ink", Color::cmyk(1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.2), true, true),
+                sw("Paper", Color::WHITE, false, false),
+            ],
+            groups: vec![SwatchGroup {
+                name: "Neutrals".into(),
+                swatches: vec![sw("Mist", Color::gray(0.25), false, false), sw("Clay", Color::lab(50.0, 20.0, -30.0), false, false)],
+            }],
+        };
+        assert_eq!(read_bytes(&bytes, "Brand").unwrap(), expected, "named after the file; 0 global, 1 spot, 2 process");
+        // A lightness above 1 is L* itself.
+        let deep = read_bytes(&ase(&[ase_color("Deep", b"LAB ", &[53.0, 20.0, -30.0], 2)]), "x").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(deep.swatches[0].paint.color(), Some(Color::lab(53.0, 20.0, -30.0)));
+        // Text libraries read through the same call, also when they aren't valid UTF-8.
+        assert!(sniff_bytes(b"GIMP Palette\n1 2 3 x\n") && !sniff_bytes(b"ASE") && !sniff_bytes(&[0xff, 0xfe, 0]));
+        assert_eq!(read_bytes(b"GIMP Palette\n1 2 3 x\n", "F").unwrap().swatches.len(), 1);
+        let latin1 = b"GIMP Palette\n1 2 3 Caf\xe9\n";
+        assert!(sniff_bytes(latin1));
+        assert_eq!(read_bytes(latin1, "F").unwrap().swatches.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ase_names_unnamed_and_repeated_entries_and_skips_other_blocks() {
+        let mut untyped = ase_color("Plain", b"RGB ", &[0.2, 0.4, 0.6], 2);
+        untyped.1.truncate(untyped.1.len() - 2);
+        let bytes = ase(&[
+            ase_color("Café 🎨", b"RGB ", &[1.0, 0.0, 0.0], 2),
+            ase_color("", b"CMYK", &[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.0], 2),
+            ase_color(" Red ", b"RGB ", &[2.0, -1.0, f32::NAN], 0),
+            ase_color("Red", b"Gray", &[0.0], 2),
+            untyped,
+            ase_color("Hue", b"HSB ", &[0.1, 0.2, 0.3], 2),
+            (0x0042, vec![1, 2, 3]),
+            (ASE_GROUP_END, vec![]),
+            (ASE_GROUP_START, ase_name("")),
+            (ASE_GROUP_START, ase_name("Red")),
+            ase_color("Red", b"Gray", &[1.0], 2),
+        ]);
+        let lib = read_bytes(&bytes, "x").unwrap();
+        let names: Vec<&str> = lib.swatches.iter().map(|w| w.name.as_str()).collect();
+        assert_eq!(names, ["Café 🎨", "C=10 M=20 Y=30 K=0", "Red", "Red 2", "Plain"], "an HSB color and an unknown block are skipped");
+        assert_eq!(lib.swatches[2].paint.color(), Some(Color::rgb(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)), "clamped, NaN read as 0");
+        assert!(lib.swatches[2].global && !lib.swatches[4].global, "without a color type: process");
+        // A group start ends the open group, and groups and colors share names.
+        let groups: Vec<(&str, Vec<&str>)> =
+            lib.groups.iter().map(|g| (g.name.as_str(), g.swatches.iter().map(|w| w.name.as_str()).collect())).collect();
+        assert_eq!(groups, [("Color Group", vec![]), ("Red 3", vec!["Red 4"])]);
+        assert_eq!(lib.groups[1].swatches[0].paint.color(), Some(Color::gray(0.0)), "gray level 1 is white");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn damaged_ase_files_are_errors() {
+        let good = ase(&[(ASE_GROUP_START, ase_name("G")), ase_color("Sky", b"RGB ", &[0.0, 0.5, 1.0], 0)]);
+        assert_eq!(read_bytes(&good, "x").unwrap().len(), 1);
+        for n in ASE_SIGNATURE.len()..good.len() {
+            assert!(read_bytes(&good[..n], "x").is_err(), "cut at {n}");
+        }
+        let mut v2 = good.clone();
+        v2[5] = 2;
+        assert!(read_bytes(&v2, "x").unwrap_err().contains("2.0"), "version 2.0");
+        // Too many colors, or too many groups (empty group starts take 6 bytes each).
+        let colors: Vec<(u16, Vec<u8>)> = (0..=ASE_MAX_ENTRIES).map(|_| ase_color("Gray", b"Gray", &[0.5], 2)).collect();
+        assert!(read_bytes(&ase(&colors), "x").unwrap_err().contains("more than"));
+        let groups: Vec<(u16, Vec<u8>)> = (0..=ASE_MAX_ENTRIES).map(|_| (ASE_GROUP_START, vec![])).collect();
+        assert!(read_bytes(&ase(&groups), "x").unwrap_err().contains("more than"));
+        assert_eq!(read_bytes(&ase(&groups[1..]), "x").unwrap().groups.len(), ASE_MAX_ENTRIES, "up to the limit");
+    }
 }

crates/doc/src/blend.rs

@@ -527,7 +527,8 @@ impl Lerp {
             (NodeKind::Mesh(ma), NodeKind::Mesh(mb)) if ma.rows == mb.rows && ma.cols == mb.cols && ma.points.len() == mb.points.len() => Shape::Mesh,
             (NodeKind::Text(_), NodeKind::Text(_))
             | (NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. }, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. })
-            | (NodeKind::Image(_), NodeKind::Image(_)) => Shape::Placed,
+            | (NodeKind::Image(_), NodeKind::Image(_))
+            | (NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)) => Shape::Placed,
             _ => match (node_path(a), node_path(b)) {
                 (Some((pa, ra, ma)), Some((pb, rb, mb))) => {
                     Shape::Path { pair: PathPair::new(&pa, &pb, starts), rules: (ra, rb), members: ma.zip(mb) }
@@ -586,6 +587,7 @@ impl Lerp {
                         *o = lerp_affine(*x, *y, t)
                     }
                     (NodeKind::Image(o), NodeKind::Image(x), NodeKind::Image(y)) => o.xf = lerp_affine(x.xf, y.xf, t),
+                    (NodeKind::PlacedDocument(o), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(x), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(y)) => o.xf = lerp_affine(x.xf, y.xf, t),
                     _ => {}
                 }
                 n.mask = None;
@@ -687,6 +689,7 @@ fn lerp_text(o: &mut TextObject, x: &TextObject, y: &TextObject, t: f64) {
     }
     if resized {
         o.cached_bounds = None;
+        o.cached_baselines.clear();
     }
 }
 

crates/doc/src/clipnest.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-//! Clipped art read from page descriptions (metafiles, PostScript) into clipping groups.
+//! Clipped and grouped art read from page descriptions (metafiles, PostScript) into clipping
+//! groups and groups.
 //!
-//! Importers record each object they draw with the chain of clips in force at the time, outermost
-//! first ([`Drawn`]); [`nest`] then puts runs of objects under the same clip into one clipping
-//! group, nesting groups for nested clips, keeping the drawing order.
+//! Importers record each object they draw with the chain of clips (and groups) in force at the
+//! time, outermost first ([`Drawn`]); [`nest`] then puts runs of objects under the same clip into
+//! one clipping group (under the same group into one group), nesting groups for nested clips,
+//! keeping the drawing order.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -11,20 +13,30 @@ use vectorcraft_geom::{BezPath, FillRule, PathData};
 use crate::appearance::Appearance;
 use crate::{Document, Node, NodeKind};
 
-/// A clip: a region in document space and its rule. Each has an id unique within an import, so
-/// what one clip clips can be grouped.
+/// A clip: a region in document space and its rule, or a plain group (one that holds its art
+/// without clipping it, such as an Illustrator file's `u` … `U`). Each has an id unique within an
+/// import, so what one clip clips (or one group holds) can be grouped.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Clip {
     pub id: u32,
-    pub path: BezPath,
-    pub rule: FillRule,
+    /// The region and its rule; `None` for a plain group.
+    pub region: Option<(BezPath, FillRule)>,
+}
+
+/// Deepest nesting of clips, and of groups, an importer records ([`nest`] goes one level deeper
+/// for each): deeper ones are left out.
+pub const MAX_NEST: usize = 128;
+
+/// The warning for clips left out for nesting deeper than [`MAX_NEST`].
+pub fn deep_clips() -> String {
+    format!("clips nested more than {MAX_NEST} deep were left out: what they clip is clipped by the clips around them")
 }
 
 /// Objects in drawing order, each with its clips (outermost first).
 pub type Drawn = Vec<(Vec<Arc<Clip>>, Node)>;
 
-/// The nodes of `items`, those under clips grouped into clipping groups (ids from `doc`), in
-/// order.
+/// The nodes of `items`, those under clips grouped into clipping groups and those in groups into
+/// groups (ids from `doc`), in order.
 pub fn nest(doc: &mut Document, items: Drawn) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
     nest_at(doc, items, 0)
 }
@@ -53,14 +65,18 @@ fn nest_at(doc: &mut Document, items: Drawn, depth: usize) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
     out
 }
 
-/// A clipping group of `items`, clipped by `c` (their clip at `depth`).
+/// A clipping group of `items`, clipped by `c` (their clip at `depth`), or their group when `c` is
+/// a plain group.
 fn clip_group(doc: &mut Document, c: &Clip, items: Drawn, depth: usize) -> Arc<Node> {
-    let mut path = Node::path(doc.alloc_id(), PathData::from_bezpath(&c.path), Appearance::default());
-    if let NodeKind::Path { clipping, rule, .. } = &mut path.kind {
-        *clipping = true;
-        *rule = c.rule;
+    let mut children = vec![];
+    if let Some((bp, r)) = &c.region {
+        let mut path = Node::path(doc.alloc_id(), PathData::from_bezpath(bp), Appearance::default());
+        if let NodeKind::Path { clipping, rule, .. } = &mut path.kind {
+            *clipping = true;
+            *rule = *r;
+        }
+        children.push(Arc::new(path));
     }
-    let mut children = vec![Arc::new(path)];
     children.extend(nest_at(doc, items, depth + 1));
-    Arc::new(Node::new(doc.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: true }))
+    Arc::new(Node::new(doc.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: c.region.is_some() }))
 }

crates/doc/src/corners.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+//! Live Corners on any path: the corners of its uncut outline (a live rectangle's or polygon's, a
+//! live path's, or a plain path's own), each one's radius and kind, and the anchors of the path as
+//! drawn that belong to each. [`set_corners`] edits them.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+use vectorcraft_geom::corners::{Corner, cut_corners, path_corners};
+use vectorcraft_geom::shapes::{self, CornerKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Rect};
+
+use crate::node::{LiveShape, Node, NodeKind};
+use crate::selection::AnchorRef;
+
+/// The Live Corners of a path.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct LiveCorners<'a> {
+    /// The path with its corners uncut, in the corners' own space: a live rectangle's (its size
+    /// and radii in document units, see [`LiveShape::folded`]), else the document's.
+    pub base: Cow<'a, PathData>,
+    /// Maps `base` into the document.
+    pub xf: Affine,
+    /// The corners that can be cut, in anchor order ([`path_corners`] of `base`).
+    pub corners: Vec<Corner>,
+    radii: Vec<f64>,
+    kinds: Vec<CornerKind>,
+    /// For each anchor of the path as drawn (per subpath), the anchor of `base` it comes from.
+    sources: Vec<Vec<usize>>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> LiveCorners<'a> {
+    /// The Live Corners of `path` and its live shape; `None` for shapes without corners (ellipses,
+    /// lines).
+    pub fn new(path: &'a PathData, live: Option<&'a LiveShape>) -> Option<Self> {
+        let (base, xf, radii, kinds) = match live {
+            None => (Cow::Borrowed(path), Affine::IDENTITY, vec![], vec![]),
+            Some(l @ LiveShape::Rectangle { .. }) => {
+                let LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii, kinds, xf } = l.folded() else { return None };
+                (Cow::Owned(shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, w, h))), xf, radii.to_vec(), kinds.to_vec())
+            }
+            Some(l @ LiveShape::Polygon { radii, kinds, .. }) => (Cow::Owned(l.polygon_outline()), Affine::IDENTITY, radii.clone(), kinds.clone()),
+            Some(LiveShape::Path { base, radii, kinds }) => (Cow::Borrowed(base), Affine::IDENTITY, radii.clone(), kinds.clone()),
+            Some(LiveShape::Ellipse { .. } | LiveShape::Line { .. }) => return None,
+        };
+        let sources = if radii.iter().any(|r| *r > 0.0) {
+            cut_corners(&base, &radii, &kinds).1
+        } else {
+            let mut first = 0;
+            base.subpaths
+                .iter()
+                .map(|sp| {
+                    first += sp.anchors.len();
+                    (first - sp.anchors.len()..first).collect()
+                })
+                .collect()
+        };
+        Some(Self { corners: path_corners(&base), base, xf, radii, kinds, sources })
+    }
+
+    /// The Live Corners of a path object.
+    pub fn of(node: &'a Node) -> Option<Self> {
+        let NodeKind::Path { path, live, .. } = &node.kind else { return None };
+        Self::new(path, live.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    /// The corner at anchor `index` of `base`.
+    pub fn corner(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&Corner> {
+        self.corners.binary_search_by_key(&index, |c| c.index).ok().and_then(|i| self.corners.get(i))
+    }
+
+    /// The radius corner `index` is set to, in document units (drawn no larger than fits).
+    pub fn radius(&self, index: usize) -> f64 {
+        self.radii.get(index).copied().unwrap_or(0.0)
+    }
+
+    /// The kind corner `index` is cut with.
+    pub fn kind(&self, index: usize) -> CornerKind {
+        self.kinds.get(index).copied().unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    /// Every corner.
+    pub fn all(&self) -> BTreeSet<usize> {
+        self.corners.iter().map(|c| c.index).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// The corners holding one of `anchors` (of the path as drawn).
+    pub fn corners_of(&self, anchors: &BTreeSet<AnchorRef>) -> BTreeSet<usize> {
+        anchors.iter().filter_map(|(si, ai)| self.sources.get(*si)?.get(*ai).copied()).filter(|k| self.corner(*k).is_some()).collect()
+    }
+
+    /// The corners Live Corners edit for a selection: those holding a selected anchor when the
+    /// path is partly selected (Direct Selection), else every corner.
+    pub fn picked(&self, partial: Option<&BTreeSet<AnchorRef>>) -> BTreeSet<usize> {
+        let picked = partial.map(|a| self.corners_of(a)).unwrap_or_default();
+        if picked.is_empty() { self.all() } else { picked }
+    }
+
+    /// The anchors of the path as drawn that belong to `corners` (to keep them selected as the
+    /// path changes).
+    pub fn anchors_of(&self, corners: &BTreeSet<usize>) -> BTreeSet<AnchorRef> {
+        let mut out = BTreeSet::new();
+        for (si, from) in self.sources.iter().enumerate() {
+            out.extend(from.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, k)| corners.contains(k)).map(|(ai, _)| (si, ai)));
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// For each anchor of the path as drawn (per subpath), the anchor of `base` it comes from.
+    pub fn sources(&self) -> &[Vec<usize>] {
+        &self.sources
+    }
+
+    /// The radius (document units) and kind `corners` share (each `None` when they differ, or
+    /// for no corners).
+    pub fn style(&self, corners: &BTreeSet<usize>) -> (Option<f64>, Option<CornerKind>) {
+        fn shared<T: Copy>(mut it: impl Iterator<Item = T>, same: impl Fn(T, T) -> bool) -> Option<T> {
+            let first = it.next()?;
+            it.all(|x| same(x, first)).then_some(first)
+        }
+        let radius = shared(corners.iter().map(|k| self.radius(*k)), |a, b| (a - b).abs() < 1e-9);
+        (radius, shared(corners.iter().map(|k| self.kind(*k)), |a, b| a == b))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Set `radius` (document units; negative: 0) and/or `kind` on the `corners` (anchor indices of
+/// the uncut outline, see [`LiveCorners`]) of a path and its live shape, then cut the path again.
+/// A path that isn't a live shape keeps its uncut outline as a [`LiveShape::Path`], which is a
+/// plain path again once no corner is cut. Ellipses and lines have no corners: they stay as they
+/// are.
+pub fn set_corners(path: &mut PathData, live: &mut Option<LiveShape>, corners: &BTreeSet<usize>, radius: Option<f64>, kind: Option<CornerKind>) {
+    fn edit(radii: &mut [f64], kinds: &mut [CornerKind], corners: &BTreeSet<usize>, radius: Option<f64>, kind: Option<CornerKind>) {
+        for k in corners {
+            if let (Some(r), Some(slot)) = (radius, radii.get_mut(*k)) {
+                *slot = r.max(0.0);
+            }
+            if let (Some(kind), Some(slot)) = (kind, kinds.get_mut(*k)) {
+                *slot = kind;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /// One radius and kind per corner of an outline of `n` anchors while editing; none saved
+    /// when all are sharp or round.
+    fn edit_vec(
+        n: usize,
+        radii: &mut Vec<f64>,
+        kinds: &mut Vec<CornerKind>,
+        corners: &BTreeSet<usize>,
+        radius: Option<f64>,
+        kind: Option<CornerKind>,
+    ) {
+        radii.resize(n, 0.0);
+        kinds.resize(n, CornerKind::Round);
+        edit(radii, kinds, corners, radius, kind);
+        if radii.iter().all(|r| *r <= 0.0) {
+            radii.clear();
+        }
+        if kinds.iter().all(|k| *k == CornerKind::Round) {
+            kinds.clear();
+        }
+    }
+    let l = live.get_or_insert_with(|| LiveShape::Path { base: path.clone(), radii: vec![], kinds: vec![] });
+    // Radii are document lengths and corners circular, also on a rectangle from a file that kept
+    // an uneven scale in its transform (#442).
+    l.fold_scale();
+    match l {
+        LiveShape::Rectangle { radii, kinds, .. } => edit(radii, kinds, corners, radius, kind),
+        LiveShape::Polygon { sides, radii, kinds, .. } => edit_vec(*sides as usize, radii, kinds, corners, radius, kind),
+        LiveShape::Path { base, radii, kinds } => edit_vec(base.anchor_count(), radii, kinds, corners, radius, kind),
+        LiveShape::Ellipse { .. } | LiveShape::Line { .. } => return,
+    }
+    match live {
+        Some(LiveShape::Path { base, radii, kinds }) if radii.is_empty() && kinds.is_empty() => {
+            *path = std::mem::take(base);
+            *live = None;
+        }
+        Some(l) => *path = l.to_path(),
+        None => {}
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use vectorcraft_geom::{Point, SubPath};
+
+    fn set(v: &[usize]) -> BTreeSet<usize> {
+        v.iter().copied().collect()
+    }
+
+    fn anchors(v: &[usize]) -> BTreeSet<AnchorRef> {
+        v.iter().map(|ai| (0, *ai)).collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn rectangle_corners_map_to_their_anchors() {
+        let l = LiveShape::Rectangle { w: 100.0, h: 50.0, radii: [0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0], kinds: Default::default(), xf: Affine::IDENTITY };
+        let path = l.to_path();
+        let c = LiveCorners::new(&path, Some(&l)).unwrap();
+        // Anchors: top-left, the top-right corner's two, bottom-right, bottom-left.
+        assert_eq!(c.sources(), [vec![0, 1, 1, 2, 3]]);
+        assert_eq!(path.anchor_count(), 5);
+        assert_eq!(c.corners_of(&anchors(&[2, 4])), set(&[1, 3]));
+        assert!(c.corners_of(&anchors(&[9])).is_empty(), "out of range");
+        assert_eq!(c.anchors_of(&set(&[1, 3])), anchors(&[1, 2, 4]));
+        // Partly selected: the corners of the selected anchors; wholly (or no anchor): all four.
+        assert_eq!(c.picked(Some(&anchors(&[0]))), set(&[0]));
+        assert_eq!(c.picked(None), set(&[0, 1, 2, 3]));
+        assert_eq!(c.picked(Some(&anchors(&[]))), set(&[0, 1, 2, 3]));
+        assert_eq!(c.style(&set(&[1])), (Some(10.0), Some(CornerKind::Round)));
+        assert_eq!(c.style(&set(&[0, 1])), (None, Some(CornerKind::Round)));
+        assert_eq!(c.style(&set(&[0, 2, 3])), (Some(0.0), Some(CornerKind::Round)));
+        let e = LiveShape::Ellipse { w: 1.0, h: 1.0, pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: Affine::IDENTITY };
+        assert!(LiveCorners::new(&e.to_path(), Some(&e)).is_none());
+    }
+
+    /// #511: a plain path (a star) rounds its corners and keeps them editable; with none cut it
+    /// is plain again.
+    #[test]
+    fn a_plain_path_keeps_its_cut_corners_live() {
+        let star = shapes::star(Point::new(100.0, 100.0), 50.0, 25.0, 5, 0.0);
+        let (mut path, mut live) = (star.clone(), None);
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &set(&[0, 2]), Some(5.0), None);
+        let Some(LiveShape::Path { base, radii, kinds }) = &live else { panic!("live corners: {live:?}") };
+        assert_eq!((base, radii.len(), kinds.len()), (&star, 10, 0));
+        assert_eq!(path.anchor_count(), 12, "two corners cut");
+        let c = LiveCorners::new(&path, live.as_ref()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(c.style(&set(&[0, 2])), (Some(5.0), Some(CornerKind::Round)));
+        assert_eq!(c.corners_of(&anchors(&[0, 11])), set(&[0]), "the first corner's cut ends the path");
+        // Kinds alone keep it live; squaring every corner makes it the plain star again.
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &set(&[0, 2]), Some(0.0), Some(CornerKind::Chamfer));
+        assert!(matches!(&live, Some(LiveShape::Path { radii, .. }) if radii.is_empty()));
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &set(&[0, 2]), None, Some(CornerKind::Round));
+        assert_eq!((path, live), (star, None));
+    }
+
+    /// A polygon's corners are cut in the document and survive a change of sides when shared.
+    #[test]
+    fn polygon_corners_follow_their_sides() {
+        let mut l = LiveShape::Polygon { radius: 50.0, sides: 6, xf: Affine::translate((100.0, 100.0)), radii: vec![], kinds: vec![] };
+        let (mut path, mut live) = (l.to_path(), Some(l.clone()));
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &set(&[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]), Some(8.0), None);
+        assert_eq!(path.anchor_count(), 12);
+        l = live.clone().unwrap();
+        l.set_sides(8);
+        assert!(matches!(&l, LiveShape::Polygon { radii, .. } if *radii == vec![8.0; 8]));
+        assert_eq!(l.to_path().anchor_count(), 16);
+        // Mixed radii: the new corners are sharp.
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &set(&[1]), Some(3.0), None);
+        let mut l = live.unwrap();
+        l.set_sides(7);
+        assert!(matches!(&l, LiveShape::Polygon { radii, .. } if *radii == [8.0, 3.0, 8.0, 8.0, 8.0, 8.0, 0.0]));
+        // An uneven scale keeps the cuts circular: the radius scales by the mean scale.
+        let mut p = l.clone();
+        assert!(p.transform(Affine::scale_non_uniform(4.0, 1.0)));
+        assert!(matches!(&p, LiveShape::Polygon { radii, .. } if (radii[0] - 16.0).abs() < 1e-9));
+        assert!(!p.transform(Affine::translate((5.0, 0.0))), "a move needs no new cuts");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn open_paths_and_curves_keep_their_ends_and_smooth_anchors() {
+        let pen = PathData::single(SubPath::polyline(&[Point::new(0.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 0.0), Point::new(100.0, 80.0)], false));
+        let c = LiveCorners::new(&pen, None).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(c.all(), set(&[1]));
+        assert_eq!(c.picked(Some(&anchors(&[0]))), set(&[1]), "an end is no corner: every corner");
+        let (mut path, mut live) = (pen.clone(), None);
+        set_corners(&mut path, &mut live, &c.all(), Some(10.0), None);
+        assert_eq!(path.anchor_count(), 4);
+        assert_eq!(path.subpaths[0].anchors[0].p, Point::new(0.0, 0.0));
+        assert_eq!(path.subpaths[0].anchors[3].p, Point::new(100.0, 80.0));
+    }
+}

crates/doc/src/hit.rs

@@ -44,17 +44,23 @@ impl Hit {
 /// Options for hit testing.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub struct HitOptions {
+    /// The isolated construction container, whose retained Shaper sources are hittable.
+    pub scope: Option<NodeId>,
     /// Tolerance in document units (screen tolerance / zoom).
     pub tol: f64,
     /// Outline mode: only outlines are hittable.
     pub outline: bool,
     /// "Object Selection by Path Only" preference.
     pub path_only: bool,
+    /// "Type Object Selection by Path Only" preference: type is picked on its type path only
+    /// (point type's baseline, area type's frame, type on a path's path), not anywhere in its
+    /// bounds.
+    pub type_path_only: bool,
 }
 
 impl Default for HitOptions {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self { tol: 3.0, outline: false, path_only: false }
+        Self { tol: 3.0, outline: false, path_only: false, type_path_only: false, scope: None }
     }
 }
 
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@ pub fn hit_test(doc: &Document, p: Point, opt: HitOptions) -> Option<Hit> {
 /// The objects under `p` that [`Hit::top_object`] picks in `scope` (isolation mode), topmost
 /// first: what clicks there select, one below the other (Cmd/Ctrl-click selects behind).
 pub fn objects_at(doc: &Document, p: Point, opt: HitOptions, scope: Option<NodeId>) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+    let opt = HitOptions { scope: scope.or(opt.scope), ..opt };
     let mut tops: Vec<NodeId> = vec![];
     // Each round leaves out the objects found so far (and everything inside them).
     while let Some(top) = hit_test_skipping(doc, p, opt, &|id| tops.contains(&id)).map(|h| h.top_object(scope)) {
@@ -127,13 +134,20 @@ fn hit_children(parent: &Node, p: Point, opt: HitOptions, skip: &dyn Fn(NodeId)
     {
         return None;
     }
-    for c in children.iter().rev() {
+    for (i, c) in children.iter().enumerate().rev() {
+        if parent.shaper.is_some() {
+            let construction = children.first().is_some_and(|source| Some(source.id) == opt.scope);
+            if (i == 0) != construction {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
         // Hidden, locked and template sublayers block clicks like top-level layers do.
         if !c.visible || c.locked || c.is_template() || skip(c.id) {
             continue;
         }
         // (An envelope's content sits where it was, not where the envelope draws it.)
-        if !edits_contents(c)
+        if !(edits_contents(c)
+            || c.shaper.is_some() && c.children().and_then(|children| children.first()).is_some_and(|source| Some(source.id) == opt.scope))
             && let Some(b) = c.reach_bounds()
             && !b.inflate(opt.tol, opt.tol).contains(p)
         {
@@ -190,9 +204,17 @@ fn hit_leaf(n: &Node, p: Point, opt: HitOptions) -> Option<HitKind> {
             }
             (!opt.outline && !opt.path_only && fill_contains(&bp, *rule, p)).then_some(HitKind::Fill)
         }
-        NodeKind::Text(_) | NodeKind::Image(_) | NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. } | NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } => {
-            n.geometric_bounds().filter(|b| b.inflate(opt.tol, opt.tol).contains(p)).map(|_| HitKind::Bounds)
+        // The type path lies within the bounds: they rule out the rest before it is measured.
+        NodeKind::Text(t) if opt.type_path_only => {
+            n.geometric_bounds().filter(|b| b.inflate(opt.tol, opt.tol).contains(p))?;
+            on_type_path(n, t, p, opt.tol).then_some(HitKind::Outline)
         }
+        NodeKind::Text(_)
+        | NodeKind::Image(_)
+        | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)
+        | NodeKind::SymbolInstance { .. }
+        | NodeKind::Blend { .. }
+        | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } => n.geometric_bounds().filter(|b| b.inflate(opt.tol, opt.tol).contains(p)).map(|_| HitKind::Bounds),
         NodeKind::Repeat(r) => r.expand().iter().find_map(|g| hit_any(g, p, opt)),
         NodeKind::Mesh(m) => {
             let bp = m.outline().to_bezpath();
@@ -205,6 +227,28 @@ fn hit_leaf(n: &Node, p: Point, opt: HitOptions) -> Option<HitKind> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Is `p` within `tol` of the type path of `t` (in `n`), what "Type Object Selection by Path
+/// Only" picks type by: its baselines ([`crate::TextObject::baselines`]), area type's frame and
+/// type on a path's path, drawn through `n`'s perspective projection if it has one.
+fn on_type_path(n: &Node, t: &crate::TextObject, p: Point, tol: f64) -> bool {
+    use crate::TextKind;
+    use vectorcraft_geom::kurbo::ParamCurveNearest;
+    let h = n.projection();
+    let project = |q: Point| h.as_ref().and_then(|h| h.apply(q)).unwrap_or(q);
+    // A homography keeps straight lines straight: a baseline's ends are enough.
+    let near = |(a, b): (Point, Point)| vectorcraft_geom::Line::new(project(t.xf * a), project(t.xf * b)).nearest(p, 1e-9).distance_sq <= tol * tol;
+    if t.baselines().any(near) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    let (TextKind::Area { frame: path } | TextKind::OnPath { path, .. }) = &t.kind else { return false };
+    let mut path = path.transformed(t.xf);
+    if h.is_some() {
+        let piece = path.bounds().map_or(1.0, |b| (b.width().max(b.height()) / 64.0).max(0.25));
+        path = crate::live::map_nonlinear(&path, piece, project);
+    }
+    stroke_contains(&path.to_bezpath(), 0.0, tol, p)
+}
+
 /// Hit anywhere in an evaluated subtree (groups recurse; leaves use [`hit_leaf`]).
 fn hit_any(n: &Node, p: Point, opt: HitOptions) -> Option<HitKind> {
     match &n.kind {
@@ -404,6 +448,102 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Type Object Selection by Path Only: point type is picked on its baseline, area type on its
+    /// frame and type on a path on its path, no longer anywhere in its bounds.
+    #[test]
+    fn type_path_only_picks_type_on_its_path() {
+        use crate::{CharStyle, TextKind, TextObject};
+        let mut d = Document::new(400.0, 400.0);
+        let l = d.layers[0].id;
+        let mut add = |t: TextObject| {
+            let id = d.alloc_id();
+            d.insert(Some(l), 9, Node::new(id, NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)))).unwrap();
+            id
+        };
+        // Point type at (10, 100), 20 pt: its glyphs rise above the baseline, its layout is 60 wide.
+        let mut point = TextObject::point(Point::new(10.0, 100.0), "Hello", CharStyle { size: 20.0, ..CharStyle::default() });
+        point.cached_bounds = Some(Rect::new(0.0, -16.0, 60.0, 4.0));
+        let point = add(point);
+        let mut area = TextObject::point(Point::new(200.0, 200.0), "Area", CharStyle::default());
+        area.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 50.0)) };
+        let area = add(area);
+        let mut on_path = TextObject::point(Point::new(10.0, 300.0), "Path", CharStyle::default());
+        on_path.kind = TextKind::OnPath { path: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 40.0)), start: 0.0, end: None };
+        let on_path = add(on_path);
+        let path_only = HitOptions { type_path_only: true, ..Default::default() };
+        let hit = |p: Point, opt: HitOptions| hit_test(&d, p, opt).map(|h| (h.leaf, h.kind));
+        // Off: anywhere in the bounds.
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 90.0), HitOptions::default()), Some((point, HitKind::Bounds)));
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(250.0, 225.0), HitOptions::default()), Some((area, HitKind::Bounds)));
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(60.0, 320.0), HitOptions::default()), Some((on_path, HitKind::Bounds)));
+        // On: the glyphs and the inside of the frame or path no longer pick the type.
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 90.0), path_only), None, "point type: among its glyphs");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(250.0, 225.0), path_only), None, "area type: inside its frame");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(60.0, 320.0), path_only), None, "type on a path: inside its path");
+        // The baseline (within the tolerance, across the layout's width), frame and path do.
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 101.5), path_only), Some((point, HitKind::Outline)), "point type: its baseline");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(75.0, 100.0), path_only), None, "point type: past the end of its layout");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(250.0, 200.5), path_only), Some((area, HitKind::Outline)), "area type: its frame");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(60.0, 339.5), path_only), Some((on_path, HitKind::Outline)), "type on a path: its path");
+    }
+
+    /// Type Object Selection by Path Only with the layout's baselines: every line's for point type,
+    /// area type's besides its frame, a vertical column's centre line, and type in perspective
+    /// where it is drawn.
+    #[test]
+    fn type_path_only_picks_every_baseline() {
+        use crate::{CharStyle, PerspectiveAttachment, TextKind, TextObject};
+        use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Homography};
+        let mut d = Document::new(400.0, 400.0);
+        let l = d.layers[0].id;
+        let mut add = |t: TextObject, perspective: Option<Affine>| {
+            let mut n = Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)));
+            n.perspective = perspective.map(|a| {
+                Box::new(PerspectiveAttachment { projection: Some(Homography::from_affine(a).to_array()), ..PerspectiveAttachment::new("left", 0.0) })
+            });
+            let id = n.id;
+            d.insert(Some(l), 9, n).unwrap();
+            id
+        };
+        let style = CharStyle { size: 20.0, ..CharStyle::default() };
+        // Two lines of point type at (10, 100), 24 pt apart.
+        let mut point = TextObject::point(
+            Point::new(10.0, 100.0),
+            "Hello
+world",
+            style.clone(),
+        );
+        point.cached_bounds = Some(Rect::new(0.0, -16.0, 60.0, 28.0));
+        point.cached_baselines = vec![(Point::ZERO, Point::new(60.0, 0.0)), (Point::new(0.0, 24.0), Point::new(50.0, 24.0))];
+        let point = add(point, None);
+        // Area type: a line inside its frame.
+        let mut area = TextObject::point(Point::new(200.0, 50.0), "Area", style.clone());
+        area.kind = TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 100.0, 50.0)) };
+        area.cached_baselines = vec![(Point::new(0.0, 16.0), Point::new(40.0, 16.0))];
+        let area = add(area, None);
+        // Vertical point type at (300, 200) with no baselines cached: down its first column.
+        let mut vertical = TextObject::point(Point::new(300.0, 200.0), "Tate", style.clone());
+        vertical.vertical = true;
+        vertical.cached_bounds = Some(Rect::new(-10.0, 0.0, 10.0, 80.0));
+        let vertical = add(vertical, None);
+        // Point type drawn 100 to the right of where it is laid out.
+        let mut moved = TextObject::point(Point::new(10.0, 350.0), "Moved", style);
+        moved.cached_bounds = Some(Rect::new(0.0, -16.0, 60.0, 4.0));
+        let moved = add(moved, Some(Affine::translate((100.0, 0.0))));
+        let path_only = HitOptions { type_path_only: true, ..Default::default() };
+        let hit = |p: Point| hit_test(&d, p, path_only).map(|h| h.leaf);
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 100.0)), Some(point), "the first line's baseline");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 125.0)), Some(point), "the second line's");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 112.0)), None, "between the lines");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(65.0, 124.0)), None, "past the end of the shorter second line");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(220.0, 66.0)), Some(area), "area type: a line's baseline");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(220.0, 80.0)), None, "area type: inside the frame, off the baselines");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(299.0, 260.0)), Some(vertical), "vertical type: down the column");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(306.0, 260.0)), None, "vertical type: beside it");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(140.0, 351.0)), Some(moved), "in perspective: where it is drawn");
+        assert_eq!(hit(Point::new(40.0, 351.0)), None, "in perspective: not where it is laid out");
+    }
+
     /// `objects_at`: every object under the point, topmost first; a group counts once.
     #[test]
     fn objects_at_lists_the_stack() {

crates/doc/src/inline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+//! Inline graphics in text ([`crate::TextRun::inline`]): resolving each inline symbol's art bounds
+//! from the document's symbols, which the text layout needs to size and place it.
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect};
+
+use crate::{Document, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
+
+/// The document key under which the app records each symbol's natural size (`{name: [w, h]}`).
+pub const SYMBOL_SIZES: &str = "symbolSizes";
+/// Half the side of the square symbol art is normalised to.
+pub const SYMBOL_HALF: f64 = 10.0;
+
+/// Usable art bounds: finite, non-degenerate.
+fn usable(r: Option<Rect>) -> Option<Rect> {
+    r.filter(|r| [r.x0, r.y0, r.x1, r.y1].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite()) && r.width() >= 0.0 && r.height() > 1e-9)
+}
+
+impl Document {
+    /// Symbol space → the symbol's art at its natural size. Symbols made in the app keep their
+    /// art in a 20 × 20 square around the origin and their size as drawn in the document's
+    /// `symbolSizes` (an instance is placed with that scale); other symbols are as they are.
+    pub fn symbol_natural_xf(&self, name: &str) -> Affine {
+        let size = self.unknown.get(SYMBOL_SIZES).and_then(|m| m.get(name)).and_then(|v| Some((v.get(0)?.as_f64()?, v.get(1)?.as_f64()?)));
+        match size {
+            Some((w, h)) if w.is_finite() && h.is_finite() && w > 0.0 && h > 0.0 => {
+                Affine::scale_non_uniform(w / (2.0 * SYMBOL_HALF), h / (2.0 * SYMBOL_HALF))
+            }
+            _ => Affine::IDENTITY,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Visual bounds of the art of the symbol named `name` at its natural size (see
+    /// [`Self::symbol_natural_xf`]), if it exists and has a usable extent.
+    pub fn symbol_art_bounds(&self, name: &str) -> Option<Rect> {
+        let s = self.symbols.iter().find(|s| s.name == name)?;
+        let b = usable(s.art.visual_bounds().or_else(|| s.art.geometric_bounds()))?;
+        usable(Some(self.symbol_natural_xf(name).transform_rect_bbox(b)))
+    }
+
+    /// Does `t` have inline graphics whose resolved bounds differ from the document's symbols?
+    fn inline_stale(&self, t: &TextObject) -> bool {
+        t.runs.iter().filter_map(|r| r.inline.as_ref()).any(|a| a.bounds != self.symbol_art_bounds(&a.symbol))
+    }
+
+    /// `t` with its inline graphics' art bounds resolved from this document's symbols (borrowed
+    /// when nothing changes). Renderers and exporters lay text out through this, so they never
+    /// depend on the cached bounds being current.
+    pub fn inline_resolved<'a>(&self, t: &'a TextObject) -> Cow<'a, TextObject> {
+        if !self.inline_stale(t) {
+            return Cow::Borrowed(t);
+        }
+        let mut t = t.clone();
+        self.resolve_text_inline(&mut t);
+        Cow::Owned(t)
+    }
+
+    /// Fill in the art bounds of `t`'s inline graphics; returns whether any changed (the text's
+    /// cached layout bounds are then cleared).
+    pub fn resolve_text_inline(&self, t: &mut TextObject) -> bool {
+        let mut changed = false;
+        for r in &mut t.runs {
+            if let Some(a) = &mut r.inline {
+                let b = self.symbol_art_bounds(&a.symbol);
+                if a.bounds != b {
+                    a.bounds = b;
+                    changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if changed {
+            t.cached_bounds = None;
+        }
+        changed
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve the inline graphics of every text object in the layers (after opening a document
+    /// or changing its symbols). Returns the ids of the texts that changed: their cached layout
+    /// bounds were cleared and need recomputing.
+    pub fn resolve_inline_art(&mut self) -> Vec<NodeId> {
+        let mut stale = vec![];
+        self.walk(|n| {
+            if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind
+                && t.runs.iter().any(|r| r.inline.is_some())
+                && self.inline_stale(t)
+            {
+                stale.push(n.id);
+            }
+        });
+        let mut out = vec![];
+        for id in stale {
+            let Some(mut t) = self.node(id).and_then(|n| match &n.kind {
+                NodeKind::Text(t) => Some(t.clone()),
+                _ => None,
+            }) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            if self.resolve_text_inline(&mut t)
+                && let Some(n) = self.node_mut(id)
+            {
+                n.kind = NodeKind::Text(t);
+                out.push(id);
+            }
+        }
+        out
+    }
+}

crates/doc/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ pub mod assets;
 pub mod blend;
 pub mod clipnest;
 pub mod cmyk;
+pub mod corners;
 pub mod graph;
 pub mod hit;
 pub mod inks;
+mod inline;
+pub use inline::{SYMBOL_HALF, SYMBOL_SIZES};
 pub mod links;
 pub mod live;
 pub mod marks;
@@ -23,6 +26,7 @@ pub mod overprint;
 pub mod pattern;
 pub mod perspective;
 mod pixels;
+pub mod placed_document;
 pub mod profiles;
 pub mod puppet;
 pub mod range;
@@ -31,10 +35,12 @@ mod reach;
 pub mod recolor;
 pub mod selection;
 pub mod setup;
+pub mod shaper;
 pub mod slices;
 pub mod style_libs;
 pub mod swatches;
 pub mod text;
+pub mod trace;
 
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ pub use appearance::{
     StrokeLayer, WidthProfile,
 };
 pub use assets::ExportAsset;
+pub use corners::LiveCorners;
 pub use graph::{GraphKind, GraphSpec};
 pub use hit::{Hit, HitKind};
 pub use links::{LinkInfo, PlacementOptions};
@@ -70,6 +77,7 @@ pub use node::{ImageObject, LAYER_COLORS, LayerColor, LiveShape, Node, NodeId, N
 pub use orient::OrientedBox;
 pub use pattern::{Overlap, PatternDef, PatternEdit, RepeatKind, RepeatSpec, TileType};
 pub use perspective::PerspectiveAttachment;
+pub use placed_document::PlacedDocument;
 pub use profiles::ColorProfiles;
 pub use puppet::{PuppetPin, PuppetPins};
 pub use rastersettings::{RasterColorModel, RasterEffectsSettings};
@@ -78,15 +86,17 @@ pub use setup::{Background, DocSetup, ExportText, GridSize, Quotes};
 pub use slices::{CellAlign, CellVAlign, Slice, SliceArea, SliceKind, SliceOptions, SliceSource};
 pub use style_libs::StyleLibrary;
 pub use text::{
-    AreaOptions, CharAlign, CharPosition, CharStyle, FirstBaseline, Justify, LeadingModel, Mojikumi, ParaDirection, ParaStyle, PathAlign, PathEffect,
-    ScriptMetrics, TabAlign, TabStop, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun, TextStyleDef, TextWrap, WrapShape,
+    AreaFit, AreaOptions, Burasagari, CharAlign, CharPosition, CharStyle, Composer, FirstBaseline, InlineArt, Justify, LeadingModel, Mojikumi,
+    ParaDirection, ParaStyle, PathAlign, PathEffect, ScriptMetrics, TabAlign, TabStop, TextKind, TextObject, TextRun, TextStyleDef, TextWrap,
+    VerticalAlign, WrapShape,
 };
+pub use trace::TraceView;
 pub use vectorcraft_color as color;
 pub use vectorcraft_geom as geom;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use vectorcraft_color::{Swatch, SwatchGroup};
-use vectorcraft_geom::{Point, Rect};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Point, Rect, Vec2};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, PartialEq)]
 pub enum DocError {
@@ -386,6 +396,22 @@ pub struct Guide {
     /// true = vertical guide at `pos` (x), false = horizontal at `pos` (y).
     pub vertical: bool,
     pub pos: f64,
+    /// An artboard guide: the [`Artboard::id`] it belongs to. It runs across that artboard only
+    /// and moves, is copied and is deleted with it. None: a canvas guide, across the whole canvas.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub artboard: Option<u32>,
+}
+
+impl Guide {
+    /// A canvas guide.
+    pub fn new(vertical: bool, pos: f64) -> Self {
+        Self { vertical, pos, artboard: None }
+    }
+
+    /// Moved by `d` (a vertical guide across, a horizontal one down).
+    pub fn moved(&self, d: Vec2) -> Self {
+        Self { pos: self.pos + if self.vertical { d.x } else { d.y }, ..self.clone() }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -586,6 +612,11 @@ pub struct Document {
     /// save time only, so changing the view never marks the document modified.
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub last_view: Option<SavedView>,
+    /// The layers, sublayers and groups open in the Layers panel when the document was saved; they
+    /// reopen that way. `None`: the default, only the top-level layers open. Written at save time
+    /// only, like [`Document::last_view`].
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub layers_open: Option<Vec<NodeId>>,
     /// Edit → Assign Profile: the profiles the document is tagged with (files before format v3
     /// kept them in `unknown`, see [`Document::migrate_color_profiles`]).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "ColorProfiles::is_empty")]
@@ -678,6 +709,7 @@ impl Document {
             metadata: DocMetadata::default(),
             raster_effects: RasterEffectsSettings::default(),
             last_view: None,
+            layers_open: None,
             color_profiles: ColorProfiles::default(),
             export_settings: Default::default(),
             extra: Default::default(),
@@ -940,6 +972,47 @@ impl Document {
         }
         art
     }
+    /// Where ruler guide `g` runs along its line (the y range of a vertical guide): across its
+    /// artboard for an artboard guide, None (the whole canvas) for a canvas guide or one whose
+    /// artboard is gone.
+    pub fn guide_span(&self, g: &Guide) -> Option<(f64, f64)> {
+        let r = self.artboards.iter().find(|a| Some(a.id) == g.artboard)?.rect;
+        Some(if g.vertical { (r.y0, r.y1) } else { (r.x0, r.x1) })
+    }
+    /// Does ruler guide `g` run past `p` (up to `tol` beyond its ends)?
+    pub fn guide_passes(&self, g: &Guide, p: Point, tol: f64) -> bool {
+        let along = if g.vertical { p.y } else { p.x };
+        self.guide_span(g).is_none_or(|(a, b)| along >= a - tol && along <= b + tol)
+    }
+    /// Keep the ruler guides `keep` accepts (by index), the selected ones left keeping their
+    /// place among the rest (the selected art stays selected). Returns how many went.
+    pub fn retain_guides(&mut self, sel: &mut Selection, keep: impl Fn(usize, &Guide) -> bool) -> usize {
+        let kept: Vec<bool> = self.guides.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, g)| keep(i, g)).collect();
+        // Where each kept guide ends up.
+        let (mut to, mut n) = (Vec::with_capacity(kept.len()), 0);
+        for k in &kept {
+            to.push(k.then_some(n));
+            n += usize::from(*k);
+        }
+        sel.guides = sel.guides.iter().filter_map(|i| to.get(*i).copied().flatten()).collect();
+        let before = self.guides.len();
+        let mut flags = kept.into_iter();
+        self.guides.retain(|_| flags.next().unwrap_or(true));
+        before - self.guides.len()
+    }
+    /// Move the guides of artboard `id` by `d` (along with their artboard).
+    pub fn move_artboard_guides(&mut self, id: u32, d: Vec2) {
+        for g in self.guides.iter_mut().filter(|g| g.artboard == Some(id)) {
+            *g = g.moved(d);
+        }
+    }
+    /// Copy the guides of artboard `from` onto artboard `to`, `d` away (with a copy of their
+    /// artboard).
+    pub fn copy_artboard_guides(&mut self, from: u32, to: u32, d: Vec2) {
+        let copies: Vec<Guide> =
+            self.guides.iter().filter(|g| g.artboard == Some(from)).map(|g| Guide { artboard: Some(to), ..g.moved(d) }).collect();
+        self.guides.extend(copies);
+    }
     pub fn next_artboard_id(&self) -> u32 {
         self.artboards.iter().map(|a| a.id).max().unwrap_or(0) + 1
     }

crates/doc/src/links.rs

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ impl Document {
         }
     }
 
-    /// The keys of image blobs only linked images show: what a save writes as their preview.
+    /// The keys of image blobs only linked images (or placed documents, always linked) show: what a save writes as their preview.
     pub fn linked_only_images(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
         if self.images.values().all(|b| b.proxy.is_none()) {
             return BTreeSet::new();
@@ -152,6 +152,8 @@ impl Document {
                 u.1 = true;
             }
         });
+        // A placed document saves its file's preview the same way.
+        self.visit_placed(|_, p| uses.entry(p.key.as_str()).or_default().0 = true);
         uses.into_iter().filter(|(_, (linked, embedded))| *linked && !embedded).map(|(k, _)| k.to_string()).collect()
     }
 }

crates/doc/src/live.rs

@@ -589,6 +589,46 @@ impl GradientMesh {
         self.rows >= 1 && self.cols >= 1 && self.points.len() == (self.rows as usize + 1) * (self.cols as usize + 1)
     }
 
+    /// A 1×1 mesh from its four corners (bottom-left, top-left, top-right, bottom-right in u/v
+    /// order: row 0 is v = 0, columns follow u), each with its handles ([`H_RIGHT`] …).
+    fn patch(corners: [(Point, [Vec2; 4], Color); 4]) -> Self {
+        let point = |(p, handles, color): (Point, [Vec2; 4], Color)| MeshPoint { p, color, opacity: 1.0, handles };
+        let [a, b, c, d] = corners;
+        Self { rows: 1, cols: 1, points: vec![point(a), point(d), point(b), point(c)] }
+    }
+
+    /// A 1×1 mesh from a Coons patch's twelve boundary points (in the order PDF and PostScript
+    /// shadings list them: v runs cp0 → cp3 along cp1 and cp2, u runs cp0 → cp9 along cp11 and
+    /// cp10) and its corner colours (at cp0, cp3, cp6, cp9); `None` if a point isn't finite.
+    pub fn coons(cp: &[Point; 12], colors: [Color; 4]) -> Option<Self> {
+        if !cp.iter().all(|p| p.is_finite()) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let h = |a: usize, b: usize| cp[b] - cp[a];
+        let handles = |right: Vec2, left: Vec2, down: Vec2, up: Vec2| {
+            let mut h = [Vec2::ZERO; 4];
+            (h[H_RIGHT], h[H_LEFT], h[H_DOWN], h[H_UP]) = (right, left, down, up);
+            h
+        };
+        let [c0, c1, c2, c3] = colors;
+        Some(Self::patch([
+            (cp[0], handles(h(0, 11), Vec2::ZERO, h(0, 1), Vec2::ZERO), c0),
+            (cp[3], handles(h(3, 4), Vec2::ZERO, Vec2::ZERO, h(3, 2)), c1),
+            (cp[6], handles(Vec2::ZERO, h(6, 5), Vec2::ZERO, h(6, 7)), c2),
+            (cp[9], handles(Vec2::ZERO, h(9, 10), h(9, 8), Vec2::ZERO), c3),
+        ]))
+    }
+
+    /// A 1×1 mesh of a Gouraud-shaded triangle (a patch with two corners together); `None` if a
+    /// point isn't finite.
+    pub fn triangle(corners: [(Point, Color); 3]) -> Option<Self> {
+        if !corners.iter().all(|(p, _)| p.is_finite()) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let [a, b, c] = corners.map(|(p, color)| (p, [Vec2::ZERO; 4], color));
+        Some(Self::patch([a, b, c, c]))
+    }
+
     /// A mesh over surface `s` (u, v ∈ [0,1]) with handles from its partial derivatives.
     pub fn from_surface(rows: u32, cols: u32, s: &dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> Point, color: &dyn Fn(f64, f64) -> Color) -> Self {
         let (us, vs) = (even_steps(cols), even_steps(rows));
@@ -1407,6 +1447,8 @@ fn map_node(n: &Node, w: &Warper) -> Node {
             let im = im.clone();
             return warp_image(&out, &im, w);
         }
+        // Its art is plain, so it warps at this depth.
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => return map_node(&expanded_group_hooks(n, w.hooks), w),
     }
     out
 }
@@ -1567,7 +1609,7 @@ pub fn envelope_bounds(content: &[Arc<Node>], kind: &EnvelopeKind, frame: Affine
 
 /// Is this one of the live kinds?
 pub fn is_live(n: &Node) -> bool {
-    matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Mesh(_) | NodeKind::Repeat(_))
+    matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Mesh(_) | NodeKind::Repeat(_) | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_))
 }
 
 /// Mesh tessellation as filled quad paths (no stroke), `n`×`n` per patch.
@@ -1601,6 +1643,7 @@ pub fn expand_live_hooks(n: &Node, hooks: Hooks) -> Vec<Node> {
         NodeKind::Envelope { content, kind, fidelity, options, frame, .. } => expand_envelope(content, kind, *fidelity, *options, *frame, hooks),
         NodeKind::Mesh(m) => mesh_quad_nodes(m, 8),
         NodeKind::Repeat(r) => r.expand(),
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => p.art(n),
         _ => vec![n.clone()],
     }
 }

crates/doc/src/node.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
 //! Document nodes.
 
-use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use vectorcraft_color::BlendMode;
+use vectorcraft_geom::corners::cut_corners;
 use vectorcraft_geom::shapes::{self, CornerKind};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, BezPath, FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect};
 
 use crate::appearance::Appearance;
 use crate::live::{BlendSpec, EnvelopeKind, GradientMesh, Outliner};
 use crate::pattern::RepeatSpec;
-use crate::selection::AnchorRef;
 use crate::text::TextObject;
 
 /// Stable per-document object id. Never reused.
@@ -104,11 +103,30 @@ pub enum LiveShape {
         radius: f64,
         sides: u32,
         xf: Affine,
+        /// Corner radii in document units, by vertex from the first one clockwise (none: sharp).
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+        radii: Vec<f64>,
+        /// Corner kinds, in the same order (none: round).
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "all_round")]
+        kinds: Vec<CornerKind>,
     },
     Line {
         a: Point,
         b: Point,
     },
+    /// Any other path whose corners Live Corners cut (a star, a pen path): it keeps its uncut
+    /// outline so the corners stay editable. Without a cut corner it is a plain path again.
+    Path {
+        /// The path with its corners uncut, in the document.
+        base: PathData,
+        /// Corner radii in document units, by anchor index of `base` (counting every subpath's
+        /// anchors in order; missing: sharp).
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+        radii: Vec<f64>,
+        /// Corner kinds, in the same order (missing: round).
+        #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "all_round")]
+        kinds: Vec<CornerKind>,
+    },
 }
 
 impl LiveShape {
@@ -119,6 +137,7 @@ impl LiveShape {
             LiveShape::Ellipse { .. } => "Ellipse",
             LiveShape::Polygon { .. } => "Polygon",
             LiveShape::Line { .. } => "Line",
+            LiveShape::Path { .. } => "Path",
         }
     }
     /// Regenerate the path.
@@ -128,10 +147,33 @@ impl LiveShape {
                 shapes::rectangle_with_corners(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, *w, *h), *radii, *kinds).transformed(*xf)
             }
             LiveShape::Ellipse { w, h, xf, .. } => shapes::ellipse(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, *w, *h)).transformed(*xf),
-            LiveShape::Polygon { radius, sides, xf } => shapes::polygon(Point::ZERO, *radius, *sides, 0.0).transformed(*xf),
+            LiveShape::Polygon { radii, kinds, .. } => cut_corners(&self.polygon_outline(), radii, kinds).0,
             LiveShape::Line { a, b } => shapes::line(*a, *b),
+            LiveShape::Path { base, radii, kinds } => cut_corners(base, radii, kinds).0,
         }
     }
+    /// A polygon's outline with its corners uncut, in the document (empty for other shapes).
+    pub fn polygon_outline(&self) -> PathData {
+        match self {
+            LiveShape::Polygon { radius, sides, xf, .. } => shapes::polygon(Point::ZERO, *radius, *sides, 0.0).transformed(*xf),
+            _ => PathData::default(),
+        }
+    }
+    /// Give a polygon `n` sides (3–1000). Its corners keep the radius and kind they shared; else
+    /// the corners past the old last one are sharp.
+    pub fn set_sides(&mut self, n: u64) {
+        let LiveShape::Polygon { sides, radii, kinds, .. } = self else { return };
+        *sides = n.clamp(3, 1000) as u32;
+        fn spread<T: Copy + PartialEq + Default>(v: &mut Vec<T>, n: usize) {
+            match v.first().copied() {
+                Some(x) if v.iter().all(|y| *y == x) => *v = vec![x; n],
+                Some(_) => v.resize(n, T::default()),
+                None => {}
+            }
+        }
+        spread(radii, *sides as usize);
+        spread(kinds, *sides as usize);
+    }
     /// Apply `a` to the shape. True when the shape is no longer `a` applied to the old path, so
     /// the caller must regenerate the path with [`LiveShape::to_path`].
     ///
@@ -140,19 +182,27 @@ impl LiveShape {
     /// only the rotation, reflection and position. The radii scale by the mean scale (the square
     /// root of the determinant), which [`LiveShape::keep_corners`] undoes for Scale Corners off.
     /// A shear can't keep circular corners: `xf` takes it, as do moves (so files saved with a
-    /// scale in `xf` keep their exact geometry until they're next transformed).
+    /// scale in `xf` keep their exact geometry until they're next transformed). A polygon's or a
+    /// path's corner radii are document lengths: they scale by the mean scale and the corners are
+    /// cut again, circular whatever `a` does.
     pub fn transform(&mut self, a: Affine) -> bool {
         match self {
             LiveShape::Rectangle { xf, .. } => {
                 *xf = a * *xf;
-                let [a0, a1, a2, a3, _, _] = a.as_coeffs();
-                let moves_only = (a0 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12 && a1.abs() < 1e-12 && a2.abs() < 1e-12 && (a3 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12;
-                !moves_only && self.fold_scale()
+                !moves_only(a) && self.fold_scale()
             }
-            LiveShape::Ellipse { xf, .. } | LiveShape::Polygon { xf, .. } => {
+            LiveShape::Ellipse { xf, .. } => {
                 *xf = a * *xf;
                 false
             }
+            LiveShape::Polygon { xf, radii, .. } => {
+                *xf = a * *xf;
+                scale_radii(radii, a)
+            }
+            LiveShape::Path { base, radii, .. } => {
+                base.transform(a);
+                scale_radii(radii, a)
+            }
             LiveShape::Line { a: p, b } => {
                 *p = a * *p;
                 *b = a * *b;
@@ -192,52 +242,16 @@ impl LiveShape {
     /// Divide live corner radii by `k`, the mean scale of a transform just applied, so the corners
     /// keep their size (Scale Corners off). False when nothing changed.
     pub fn keep_corners(&mut self, k: f64) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            LiveShape::Rectangle { radii, .. } if radii.iter().any(|r| *r > 0.0) && k > 1e-12 => {
-                radii.iter_mut().for_each(|r| *r /= k);
-                true
-            }
-            _ => false,
+        let radii: &mut [f64] = match self {
+            LiveShape::Rectangle { radii, .. } => radii,
+            LiveShape::Polygon { radii, .. } | LiveShape::Path { radii, .. } => radii,
+            LiveShape::Ellipse { .. } | LiveShape::Line { .. } => return false,
+        };
+        if !radii.iter().any(|r| *r > 0.0) || k <= 1e-12 {
+            return false;
         }
-    }
-    /// The corner (radii order) of each anchor of a rectangle's path; empty for other shapes.
-    pub fn anchor_corners(&self) -> Vec<usize> {
-        match self {
-            LiveShape::Rectangle { w, h, radii, .. } => shapes::rectangle_anchor_corners(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, *w, *h), *radii),
-            _ => vec![],
-        }
-    }
-    /// The corners of a rectangle that hold one of `anchors` (of its only subpath).
-    pub fn corners_of(&self, anchors: &BTreeSet<AnchorRef>) -> [bool; 4] {
-        let map = self.anchor_corners();
-        let mut out = [false; 4];
-        for k in anchors.iter().filter(|(si, _)| *si == 0).filter_map(|(_, ai)| map.get(*ai)) {
-            if let Some(c) = out.get_mut(*k) {
-                *c = true;
-            }
-        }
-        out
-    }
-    /// The corners Live Corners edit for a selection: those holding a selected anchor when the
-    /// shape is partly selected (Direct Selection), else all four.
-    pub fn picked_corners(&self, partial: Option<&BTreeSet<AnchorRef>>) -> [bool; 4] {
-        let picked = partial.map_or([true; 4], |a| self.corners_of(a));
-        if picked.contains(&true) { picked } else { [true; 4] }
-    }
-    /// The anchors of a rectangle's `corners` (to keep them selected as its path changes).
-    pub fn corner_anchors(&self, corners: [bool; 4]) -> BTreeSet<AnchorRef> {
-        self.anchor_corners().into_iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, k)| corners.get(*k) == Some(&true)).map(|(ai, _)| (0, ai)).collect()
-    }
-    /// The radius (in document units, see [`LiveShape::folded`]) and kind the `corners` of a
-    /// rectangle share (each `None` when they differ).
-    pub fn corner_style(&self, corners: [bool; 4]) -> (Option<f64>, Option<CornerKind>) {
-        let LiveShape::Rectangle { radii, kinds, .. } = self.folded() else { return (None, None) };
-        fn shared<T: Copy>(v: [T; 4], corners: [bool; 4], same: impl Fn(T, T) -> bool) -> Option<T> {
-            let mut it = v.into_iter().zip(corners).filter(|(_, on)| *on).map(|(x, _)| x);
-            let first = it.next()?;
-            it.all(|x| same(x, first)).then_some(first)
-        }
-        (shared(radii, corners, |a, b| (a - b).abs() < 1e-9), shared(kinds, corners, |a, b| a == b))
+        radii.iter_mut().for_each(|r| *r /= k);
+        true
     }
     /// Rotation angle of the live shape in degrees (shown in the Properties panel).
     pub fn angle_deg(&self) -> f64 {
@@ -247,14 +261,33 @@ impl LiveShape {
                 c[1].atan2(c[0]).to_degrees()
             }
             LiveShape::Line { a, b } => (b.y - a.y).atan2(b.x - a.x).to_degrees(),
+            LiveShape::Path { .. } => 0.0,
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn all_round(kinds: &[CornerKind; 4]) -> bool {
+fn all_round(kinds: &[CornerKind]) -> bool {
     kinds.iter().all(|k| *k == CornerKind::Round)
 }
 
+/// Whether `a` only moves (no rotation, scale, shear or reflection).
+fn moves_only(a: Affine) -> bool {
+    let [a0, a1, a2, a3, _, _] = a.as_coeffs();
+    (a0 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12 && a1.abs() < 1e-12 && a2.abs() < 1e-12 && (a3 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-12
+}
+
+/// Scale corner radii in document units by the mean scale of `a`, applied to their path. True
+/// when the path must be cut again: some corner is cut and `a` does more than move it (an
+/// uneven scale would otherwise make the cuts elliptical).
+fn scale_radii(radii: &mut [f64], a: Affine) -> bool {
+    if moves_only(a) || !radii.iter().any(|r| *r > 0.0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let k = a.determinant().abs().sqrt();
+    radii.iter_mut().for_each(|r| *r *= k);
+    true
+}
+
 /// What a transform scales besides geometry, by its mean scale (the square root of its
 /// determinant). `Scaling::default()` (and `false`) scales nothing else; `true` scales stroke
 /// weights and dashes only. Transforms the user asks for take theirs from Scale Strokes & Effects
@@ -390,6 +423,9 @@ pub enum NodeKind {
     Mesh(GradientMesh),
     /// Live Repeat (radial / grid / mirror) of source art.
     Repeat(RepeatSpec),
+    /// A placed document: an artboard of another VectorCraft file, linked and locked (see
+    /// [`crate::placed_document`]).
+    PlacedDocument(Box<crate::placed_document::PlacedDocument>),
 }
 
 fn yes() -> bool {
@@ -427,7 +463,8 @@ pub struct Node {
     /// Opacity mask (Transparency panel). Its art lives here, outside the layer tree.
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub mask: Option<Box<OpacityMask>>,
-    /// Image Trace object: `{preset, params}` it was traced with (the Image Trace panel shows them).
+    /// Image Trace object: `{preset, params, view?}` it was traced with (the Image Trace panel shows
+    /// them; `view` is its [`crate::TraceView`] id, absent for the tracing result).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub trace: Option<Box<serde_json::Value>>,
     /// Object → Text Wrap: area type below this object (in the same layer) flows around it.
@@ -436,6 +473,9 @@ pub struct Node {
     /// Graph object: the group's children are generated from this spec (Object → Graph).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
     pub graph: Option<Box<crate::graph::GraphSpec>>,
+    /// Editable Shaper composition; the original art is retained in its source child.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub shaper: Option<Box<crate::shaper::ShaperSpec>>,
     pub kind: NodeKind,
     /// The [`crate::GraphicStyle::id`] last applied to this object. It stays linked while it keeps
     /// that style's look: editing its appearance or transparency breaks the link.
@@ -500,6 +540,7 @@ impl Node {
             trace: None,
             wrap: None,
             graph: None,
+            shaper: None,
             kind,
             graphic_style: None,
             attrs: None,
@@ -609,6 +650,7 @@ impl Node {
             NodeKind::Envelope { .. } => "Envelope",
             NodeKind::Mesh(_) => "Mesh",
             NodeKind::Repeat(r) => r.kind.label(),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => "Placed Document",
         }
     }
     /// Name shown in the Layers panel: explicit name or `<Kind>`.
@@ -670,6 +712,7 @@ impl Node {
             }
             NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } | NodeKind::Group { children, .. } | NodeKind::Compound { children, .. } => children
                 .iter()
+                .skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some()))
                 .filter(|c| c.visible || !matches!(self.kind, NodeKind::Layer { .. }))
                 .fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.geometric_bounds())),
             NodeKind::Text(t) => self.projected(t.bounds()),
@@ -682,6 +725,7 @@ impl Node {
             NodeKind::Envelope { content, kind, frame, .. } => crate::live::envelope_bounds(content, kind, *frame),
             NodeKind::Mesh(m) => m.bounds(),
             NodeKind::Repeat(r) => r.bounds(),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some(p.bounds()),
         }
     }
     /// Visual bounds: what the object paints, its strokes included (paths and compound paths
@@ -700,7 +744,11 @@ impl Node {
             NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } | NodeKind::Group { children, .. } => {
                 // The container's own strokes paint around its members.
                 let o = self.appearance.outset();
-                children.iter().fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds())).map(|b| b.inflate(o, o))
+                children
+                    .iter()
+                    .skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some()))
+                    .fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds()))
+                    .map(|b| b.inflate(o, o))
             }
             NodeKind::Blend { children, spec } => {
                 let b = children.iter().fold(None, |acc, c| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, c.visual_bounds()));
@@ -777,6 +825,7 @@ impl Node {
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Image(im) => im.xf = a * im.xf,
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => p.xf = a * p.xf,
             NodeKind::SymbolInstance { xf, .. } => *xf = a * *xf,
             NodeKind::Blend { children, spec } => {
                 for c in children.iter_mut() {
@@ -926,7 +975,7 @@ impl Node {
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Group { children, .. } | NodeKind::Layer { children, .. } => {
-                for c in children.iter().filter(|c| c.visible) {
+                for c in children.iter().skip(usize::from(self.shaper.is_some())).filter(|c| c.visible) {
                     c.push_clip_shapes(text, out);
                 }
             }
@@ -939,6 +988,10 @@ impl Node {
                 let frame = shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, im.width as f64, im.height as f64)).transformed(im.xf);
                 out.push((frame.to_bezpath(), FillRule::NonZero));
             }
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => {
+                let frame = shapes::rectangle(p.natural()).transformed(p.xf);
+                out.push((frame.to_bezpath(), FillRule::NonZero));
+            }
             NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Mesh(_) | NodeKind::Repeat(_) => {
                 crate::live::expand_deep(self, text).push_clip_shapes(text, out);
             }
@@ -1171,6 +1224,10 @@ pub struct ObjectAttributes {
     /// The note shown in the Attributes panel.
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "String::is_empty")]
     pub note: String,
+    /// The object's own data, in order: SVG's `data-*` attributes (`data-pivot="100,180"` is
+    /// `("pivot", "100,180")`), kept from import to export (`object.setProps {data}`).
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    pub data: Vec<(String, String)>,
 }
 
 /// The Attributes panel's Image Map shapes.
@@ -1214,7 +1271,7 @@ impl Node {
 
     /// Shapes drawn with the shape tools (live rectangles, ellipses and polygons) show their centre.
     pub fn shows_center_by_default(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(&self.kind, NodeKind::Path { live: Some(l), .. } if !matches!(l, LiveShape::Line { .. }))
+        matches!(&self.kind, NodeKind::Path { live: Some(l), .. } if !matches!(l, LiveShape::Line { .. } | LiveShape::Path { .. }))
     }
 
     /// Change this object's attributes with `f`; all-default attributes are dropped.
@@ -1276,23 +1333,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn rectangle_corners_map_to_their_anchors() {
+    fn corner_kinds_save_only_when_some_corner_isnt_round() {
         let mut l = LiveShape::Rectangle { w: 100.0, h: 50.0, radii: [0.0, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0], kinds: Default::default(), xf: Affine::IDENTITY };
-        // Anchors: top-left, the top-right corner's two, bottom-right, bottom-left.
-        assert_eq!(l.anchor_corners(), [0, 1, 1, 2, 3]);
-        assert_eq!(l.to_path().anchor_count(), 5);
-        let set = |v: &[usize]| v.iter().map(|ai| (0, *ai)).collect::<BTreeSet<AnchorRef>>();
-        assert_eq!(l.corners_of(&set(&[2, 4])), [false, true, false, true]);
-        assert_eq!(l.corners_of(&set(&[9])), [false; 4], "out of range");
-        assert_eq!(l.corner_anchors([false, true, false, true]), set(&[1, 2, 4]));
-        // Partly selected: the corners of the selected anchors; wholly (or no anchor): all four.
-        assert_eq!(l.picked_corners(Some(&set(&[0]))), [true, false, false, false]);
-        assert_eq!(l.picked_corners(None), [true; 4]);
-        assert_eq!(l.picked_corners(Some(&set(&[]))), [true; 4]);
-        assert_eq!(l.corner_style([false, true, false, false]), (Some(10.0), Some(CornerKind::Round)));
-        assert_eq!(l.corner_style([true, true, false, false]), (None, Some(CornerKind::Round)));
-        assert_eq!(l.corner_style([true, false, true, true]), (Some(0.0), Some(CornerKind::Round)));
-        // Corner kinds save only when some corner isn't round, and older files read as round.
+        // Older files read as round.
         let json = serde_json::to_value(&l).unwrap();
         assert!(json.get("kinds").is_none(), "{json}");
         assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<LiveShape>(json).unwrap(), l);
@@ -1302,7 +1345,16 @@ mod tests {
         let json = serde_json::to_value(&l).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(json["kinds"], serde_json::json!(["round", "chamfer", "round", "round"]));
         assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<LiveShape>(json).unwrap(), l);
-        assert!(LiveShape::Ellipse { w: 1.0, h: 1.0, pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: Affine::IDENTITY }.anchor_corners().is_empty());
+        // Polygons saved before Live Corners cut theirs read as sharp; a live path round-trips.
+        let p: LiveShape =
+            serde_json::from_value(serde_json::json!({"shape": "polygon", "radius": 10.0, "sides": 5, "xf": [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(p, LiveShape::Polygon { radius: 10.0, sides: 5, xf: Affine::IDENTITY, radii: vec![], kinds: vec![] });
+        let star = shapes::star(Point::new(0.0, 0.0), 20.0, 10.0, 5, 0.0);
+        let path = LiveShape::Path { base: star, radii: vec![2.0; 10], kinds: vec![] };
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(&path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!((json["shape"].as_str(), json.get("kinds")), (Some("path"), None));
+        assert_eq!(serde_json::from_value::<LiveShape>(json).unwrap(), path);
+        assert_eq!(path.label(), "Path");
     }
 
     /// A node holding a live rectangle (`w` × `h`, all radii `r`, placed by `xf`) and its path.
@@ -1427,7 +1479,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(near_xf(*xf, Affine::translate((5.0, 5.0))));
         let (a, b) = (folded.to_path().bounds().unwrap(), live.to_path().bounds().unwrap());
         assert!(near(a.x0, b.x0) && near(a.y0, b.y0) && near(a.x1, b.x1) && near(a.y1, b.y1), "same place and size: {a:?} {b:?}");
-        assert_eq!(live.corner_style([true; 4]).0, Some(40.0), "the radius in document units");
+        let corners = crate::LiveCorners::of(&n).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(corners.style(&corners.all()).0, Some(40.0), "the radius in document units");
         // Nothing to fold: a moved, rotated or reflected rectangle and a sheared one stay as they are.
         let place = Affine::translate((5.0, 5.0)) * Affine::rotate(0.5) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(-1.0, 1.0);
         let shear = Affine::new([1.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0]);

crates/doc/src/placed_document.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+//! Placed documents: another VectorCraft file placed linked ([`PlacedDocument`]).
+//!
+//! The object keeps the link to the file and the file's bytes, stored like image data in
+//! [`Document::images`] (with a small preview a save writes instead, as for linked images), so the
+//! document shows correctly without the file. The art it shows is read from those bytes and never
+//! joins the object tree, so editing can't reach it: it is locked by design. Drawing and exporting
+//! expand it like a live object ([`crate::live::expanded`]).
+//!
+//! The file is read by the native format's loader, which lives above this crate and registers
+//! itself ([`set_loader`]); the art read is kept in a small cache by content. Before exporting,
+//! every exporter calls [`Document::with_placed_art`], which adds the resources the art uses
+//! (images, symbols, patterns) under names of their own ([`RESOURCE_PREFIX`]) to a temporary copy
+//! of the document, so they never meet the user's or show in panels. Placed documents inside a
+//! placed document are read the same way, up to [`MAX_DEPTH`] deep (documents that place each
+//! other stop there, showing their previews).
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, MutexGuard, OnceLock, PoisonError};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect};
+
+use vectorcraft_color::Paint;
+
+use crate::{AppearanceItem, Document, ImageBlob, ImageObject, LinkInfo, Node, NodeKind, PatternDef, PlacementOptions, Symbol};
+
+/// A placed document: an artboard of another VectorCraft file, shown as one locked object.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct PlacedDocument {
+    /// The file (its `page` is the artboard shown, 1-based).
+    pub link: LinkInfo,
+    /// Key into [`Document::images`]: the file's bytes (see [`key_for`]).
+    pub key: String,
+    /// The art's bounds rather than the artboard (File › Place's `crop: "bounding"`).
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
+    pub bounding: bool,
+    /// The artboard's size (or the art's) at 100% (pt).
+    pub width: f64,
+    pub height: f64,
+    /// Maps the box (0..width, 0..height) into the document.
+    pub xf: Affine,
+    /// Links panel → Placement Options: how the file read again takes this object's place.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
+    pub placement: PlacementOptions,
+}
+
+/// The images key of a file's bytes (`hash`, [`crate::links::hash_bytes`]) placed showing
+/// artboard `page` (`bounding`: its art's bounds): objects showing the same thing share a blob and
+/// its preview.
+pub fn key_for(hash: &str, page: u32, bounding: bool) -> String {
+    format!("{hash}-{page}{}", if bounding { "b" } else { "" })
+}
+
+impl PlacedDocument {
+    /// The artboard shown (1-based).
+    pub fn page(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.link.page.unwrap_or(1)
+    }
+
+    /// The box at 100%.
+    pub fn natural(&self) -> Rect {
+        Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, self.width, self.height)
+    }
+
+    /// The four corners of the box in the document.
+    pub fn corners(&self) -> [vectorcraft_geom::Point; 4] {
+        let r = self.natural();
+        [(r.x0, r.y0), (r.x1, r.y0), (r.x1, r.y1), (r.x0, r.y1)].map(|(x, y)| self.xf * vectorcraft_geom::Point::new(x, y))
+    }
+
+    /// The box in the document (axis-aligned).
+    pub fn bounds(&self) -> Rect {
+        self.xf.transform_rect_bbox(self.natural())
+    }
+
+    /// The transform from the file's coordinates (its artboard or art bounds `frame`) to the
+    /// document; `None` when either size is empty.
+    pub fn art_xf(&self, frame: Rect) -> Option<Affine> {
+        let ok = self.width > 0.0 && self.height > 0.0 && frame.width() > 0.0 && frame.height() > 0.0;
+        ok.then(|| {
+            self.xf * Affine::scale_non_uniform(self.width / frame.width(), self.height / frame.height()) * Affine::translate((-frame.x0, -frame.y0))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// The art the object shows, as plain objects with `n`'s id: one group, its resources named
+    /// as [`Document::with_placed_art`] adds them (nothing until that has read it).
+    pub fn art(&self, n: &Node) -> Vec<Node> {
+        let prefix = prefix(&self.key);
+        read_cached(self).and_then(|e| self.art_node(n, &e, &prefix)).into_iter().collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Read `e`'s art placed as this object `n` shows it (`n`'s id), its resources renamed with
+    /// `prefix`.
+    fn art_node(&self, n: &Node, e: &ReadDocument, prefix: &str) -> Option<Node> {
+        let m = self.art_xf(e.frame)?;
+        let mut g = (*e.art).clone();
+        rename(&mut g, prefix);
+        g.transform(m, true);
+        each_mut(&mut g, &mut |c| crate::pattern::transform_pattern_paints(c, m));
+        g.id = n.id;
+        Some(g)
+    }
+
+    /// An image object showing preview `bytes` (stored under this object's key) in this object's
+    /// box: what it shows and outputs as when the file can't be read.
+    pub fn preview_image(&self, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<ImageObject> {
+        let (w, h) = image_size(bytes).filter(|(w, h)| *w > 0 && *h > 0)?;
+        let px = Affine::scale_non_uniform(self.width / w as f64, self.height / h as f64);
+        Some(ImageObject { key: self.key.clone(), width: w, height: h, xf: self.xf * px, link: None, placement: Default::default() })
+    }
+}
+
+/// The names the resources of the art stored under `key` take in a prepared document.
+fn prefix(key: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{RESOURCE_PREFIX}{key}/")
+}
+
+/// `n` and every descendant, opacity-mask art included.
+fn walk_all<'a>(n: &'a Node, f: &mut impl FnMut(&'a Node)) {
+    f(n);
+    if let Some(m) = &n.mask {
+        walk_all(&m.art, f);
+    }
+    for c in n.children().into_iter().flatten() {
+        walk_all(c, f);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The roots of `d`'s art: layers, symbol definitions and pattern swatches.
+fn roots(d: &Document) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Arc<Node>> {
+    d.layers.iter().chain(d.symbols.iter().map(|s| &s.art)).chain(d.patterns.iter().flat_map(|p| &p.art))
+}
+
+fn roots_mut(d: &mut Document) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut Arc<Node>> {
+    d.layers.iter_mut().chain(d.symbols.iter_mut().map(|s| &mut s.art)).chain(d.patterns.iter_mut().flat_map(|p| &mut p.art))
+}
+
+impl Document {
+    /// Visit every placed document: in the layers, then in symbol definitions and pattern
+    /// swatches, opacity-mask art included.
+    pub fn visit_placed<'a>(&'a self, mut f: impl FnMut(&'a Node, &'a PlacedDocument)) {
+        for root in roots(self) {
+            walk_all(root, &mut |n| {
+                if let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &n.kind {
+                    f(n, p);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Does the document hold a placed document anywhere?
+    pub fn has_placed(&self) -> bool {
+        let mut any = false;
+        self.visit_placed(|_, _| any = true);
+        any
+    }
+
+    /// Every placed document (those in the art they show too) replaced by a plain group of that
+    /// art, for apps that don't know them: call it on [`Self::with_placed_art`]'s copy. Only the
+    /// subtrees holding one are copied.
+    pub fn placed_as_groups(&mut self) {
+        fn holds(n: &Node) -> bool {
+            let mut hit = false;
+            walk_all(n, &mut |c| hit |= matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)));
+            hit
+        }
+        fn update(n: &mut Arc<Node>) {
+            if !holds(n) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)) {
+                let mut g = crate::live::expanded_group(n, None);
+                g.appearance = n.appearance.clone();
+                *n = Arc::new(g);
+            }
+            // The art shown may hold placed documents too.
+            let n = Arc::make_mut(n);
+            if let Some(m) = &mut n.mask {
+                update(&mut m.art);
+            }
+            for c in n.children_mut().into_iter().flatten() {
+                update(c);
+            }
+        }
+        for root in roots_mut(self) {
+            update(root);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Placed documents whose key is in `keys` replaced by images of their previews (for output
+    /// when their files can't be read).
+    pub fn placed_as_previews(&mut self, keys: &BTreeSet<String>) {
+        fn update(n: &mut Arc<Node>, keys: &BTreeSet<String>, images: &std::collections::BTreeMap<String, ImageBlob>) {
+            let mut hit = false;
+            walk_all(n, &mut |c| hit |= matches!(&c.kind, NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) if keys.contains(&p.key)));
+            if !hit {
+                return;
+            }
+            let n = Arc::make_mut(n);
+            if let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &n.kind
+                && keys.contains(&p.key)
+            {
+                if let Some(im) = images.get(&p.key).and_then(|b| p.preview_image(&b.bytes)) {
+                    n.kind = NodeKind::Image(im);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            if let Some(m) = &mut n.mask {
+                update(&mut m.art, keys, images);
+            }
+            for c in n.children_mut().into_iter().flatten() {
+                update(c, keys, images);
+            }
+        }
+        let images = self.images.clone();
+        for root in roots_mut(self) {
+            update(root, keys, &images);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ---------- previews and the files' bytes ----------
+
+/// A placed document's preview: this many pixels per point of its box…
+pub const PREVIEW_PX_PER_PT: f64 = 1.0;
+/// …and at most this many on its longer side.
+pub const PREVIEW_MAX: u32 = 1024;
+/// How deep placed documents inside placed documents are read; deeper ones show their previews.
+pub const MAX_DEPTH: usize = 8;
+
+/// Reads `p`'s file again (`None`: not found, or changed since it was read). The engine registers
+/// one with [`set_file_reader`].
+pub type FileReader = fn(&PlacedDocument) -> Option<Vec<u8>>;
+
+static FILE_READER: OnceLock<FileReader> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Register how files are read again (the first registration stays).
+pub fn set_file_reader(f: FileReader) {
+    // Already set: the same engine, registered by another session.
+    let _ = FILE_READER.set(f);
+}
+
+/// The most bytes of files read again kept.
+const FULL_BYTES: usize = 512 << 20;
+
+/// Files read again, by key, the most recently read last.
+type FullFiles = Vec<(String, Arc<Vec<u8>>)>;
+
+static FULL: Mutex<FullFiles> = Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+
+fn full() -> MutexGuard<'static, FullFiles> {
+    // Entries are only pushed and removed: a panic while held leaves it whole.
+    FULL.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner)
+}
+
+/// The file's bytes when they are at hand: stored (`blob` isn't just the preview) or read again
+/// already. Never reads it.
+pub fn full_bytes_cached(p: &PlacedDocument, blob: &ImageBlob) -> Option<Arc<Vec<u8>>> {
+    if !blob.is_proxy() {
+        return Some(blob.bytes.clone());
+    }
+    full().iter().rev().find(|(k, _)| *k == p.key).map(|(_, b)| b.clone())
+}
+
+/// The file's bytes: stored, read again already, or read again now ([`set_file_reader`]). `None`
+/// when only the preview can be had.
+pub fn full_bytes(p: &PlacedDocument, blob: &ImageBlob) -> Option<Arc<Vec<u8>>> {
+    if let Some(b) = full_bytes_cached(p, blob) {
+        return Some(b);
+    }
+    let b = Arc::new(FILE_READER.get()?(p)?);
+    let mut c = full();
+    c.push((p.key.clone(), b.clone()));
+    let mut total: usize = c.iter().map(|(_, b)| b.len()).sum();
+    while total > FULL_BYTES && c.len() > 1 {
+        total = total.saturating_sub(c.remove(0).1.len());
+    }
+    Some(b)
+}
+
+/// The size in pixels of image bytes `bytes` (a preview), read from its header.
+pub fn image_size(bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<(u32, u32)> {
+    image::ImageReader::new(std::io::Cursor::new(bytes)).with_guessed_format().ok()?.into_dimensions().ok()
+}
+
+// ---------- reading files ----------
+
+/// The prefix of the names the resources of placed documents' art take in a prepared document:
+/// `placed:<key>/<name>`.
+pub const RESOURCE_PREFIX: &str = "placed:";
+
+/// Reads a placed document's file (its bytes) into what it shows: a document holding the
+/// resources (no layers), the art as one group in the file's coordinates, and the frame shown
+/// (the artboard, or the art's bounds). The native format lives above this crate, so the engine
+/// registers one with [`set_loader`].
+pub type Loader = fn(&PlacedDocument, &[u8]) -> Option<(Document, Node, Rect)>;
+
+static LOADER: OnceLock<Loader> = OnceLock::new();
+
+/// Register how files are read (the first registration stays).
+pub fn set_loader(l: Loader) {
+    // Already set: the same loader, registered by another session.
+    let _ = LOADER.set(l);
+}
+
+/// The most files kept read whatever their size.
+const CACHE_SIZE: usize = 64;
+/// Past [`CACHE_SIZE`], the most bytes of files kept read (their own sizes, standing for what
+/// reading them holds).
+const CACHE_BYTES: usize = 256 << 20;
+
+/// A placed document's file read: the art it shows, ready to draw with its own resources.
+pub struct ReadDocument {
+    key: String,
+    /// Read from the preview, not the file.
+    preview: bool,
+    /// The bytes read (what tells a cached read is still the one shown).
+    bytes: Arc<Vec<u8>>,
+    /// The artboard (or art bounds) shown: what the object's box shows.
+    pub frame: Rect,
+    /// The art as one group, in the file's coordinates. Its images, symbols and patterns are
+    /// `doc`'s, under their own names.
+    pub art: Arc<Node>,
+    /// The file's resources and setup (no layers: the art is `art`).
+    pub doc: Arc<Document>,
+}
+
+struct Entry {
+    e: Arc<ReadDocument>,
+    used: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Cache {
+    entries: std::collections::HashMap<(String, bool), Entry>,
+    clock: u64,
+}
+
+static CACHE: std::sync::LazyLock<Mutex<Cache>> = std::sync::LazyLock::new(Default::default);
+
+fn cache() -> MutexGuard<'static, Cache> {
+    // A panic while the cache was held leaves it whole (entries are only inserted and removed).
+    CACHE.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner)
+}
+
+impl Cache {
+    /// The read of `key` (its preview's when `preview`; made from `bytes` when given), marked used.
+    fn get(&mut self, key: &str, preview: bool, bytes: Option<&Arc<Vec<u8>>>) -> Option<Arc<ReadDocument>> {
+        self.clock += 1;
+        let clock = self.clock;
+        let e = self.entries.get_mut(&(key.to_string(), preview))?;
+        if bytes.is_some_and(|b| !Arc::ptr_eq(&e.e.bytes, b)) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        e.used = clock;
+        Some(e.e.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn insert(&mut self, e: Arc<ReadDocument>) {
+        self.clock += 1;
+        self.entries.insert((e.key.clone(), e.preview), Entry { e, used: self.clock });
+        // The least recently used go while over both limits.
+        let mut total: usize = self.entries.values().map(|x| x.e.bytes.len()).sum();
+        while self.entries.len() > CACHE_SIZE && total > CACHE_BYTES {
+            let Some(k) = self.entries.iter().min_by_key(|(_, x)| x.used).map(|(k, _)| k.clone()) else { break };
+            if let Some(x) = self.entries.remove(&k) {
+                total = total.saturating_sub(x.e.bytes.len());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// `p`'s file (`bytes`) read, from the cache when it was read already: what the renderer draws a
+/// placed document from. `None` when it can't be read (or no loader is registered).
+pub fn read(p: &PlacedDocument, bytes: &Arc<Vec<u8>>) -> Option<Arc<ReadDocument>> {
+    if let Some(e) = cache().get(&p.key, false, Some(bytes)) {
+        return Some(e);
+    }
+    let loader = LOADER.get()?;
+    let (doc, art, frame) = loader(p, bytes)?;
+    let e = Arc::new(ReadDocument { key: p.key.clone(), preview: false, bytes: bytes.clone(), frame, art: Arc::new(art), doc: Arc::new(doc) });
+    cache().insert(e.clone());
+    Some(e)
+}
+
+/// `p`'s preview (`bytes`) read as art: one image filling the box.
+fn read_preview(p: &PlacedDocument, bytes: &Arc<Vec<u8>>) -> Option<Arc<ReadDocument>> {
+    if let Some(e) = cache().get(&p.key, true, Some(bytes)) {
+        return Some(e);
+    }
+    let (w, h) = image_size(bytes).filter(|(w, h)| *w > 0 && *h > 0)?;
+    let frame = p.natural();
+    let mut doc = Document::new(frame.width().max(1.0), frame.height().max(1.0));
+    doc.layers.clear();
+    doc.swatches.clear();
+    let mime = if bytes.starts_with(&[0xff, 0xd8]) { "image/jpeg" } else { "image/png" };
+    doc.images.insert("preview".into(), ImageBlob { mime: mime.into(), bytes: bytes.clone(), proxy: None });
+    let xf = Affine::scale_non_uniform(frame.width() / w as f64, frame.height() / h as f64);
+    let im = ImageObject { key: "preview".into(), width: w, height: h, xf, link: None, placement: Default::default() };
+    let art = Node::new(art_id(), NodeKind::Group { children: vec![Arc::new(Node::new(art_id(), NodeKind::Image(im)))], clip: false });
+    let e = Arc::new(ReadDocument { key: p.key.clone(), preview: true, bytes: bytes.clone(), frame, art: Arc::new(art), doc: Arc::new(doc) });
+    cache().insert(e.clone());
+    Some(e)
+}
+
+/// `p`'s file as read already (else its preview's), without reading it.
+pub fn read_cached(p: &PlacedDocument) -> Option<Arc<ReadDocument>> {
+    let mut c = cache();
+    c.get(&p.key, false, None).or_else(|| c.get(&p.key, true, None))
+}
+
+/// Keep `read` (what [`Loader`] gives), just read from `bytes` for `p` (when it was placed), so
+/// drawing it doesn't read it again.
+pub fn prime(p: &PlacedDocument, bytes: Arc<Vec<u8>>, (doc, art, frame): (Document, Node, Rect)) {
+    cache().insert(Arc::new(ReadDocument { key: p.key.clone(), preview: false, bytes, frame, art: Arc::new(art), doc: Arc::new(doc) }));
+}
+
+/// The id the read art's own nodes take (their object's, once expanded).
+fn art_id() -> crate::NodeId {
+    crate::NodeId(0)
+}
+
+/// Visit `n` and every descendant (opacity-mask art included) mutably.
+fn each_mut(n: &mut Node, f: &mut impl FnMut(&mut Node)) {
+    f(n);
+    if let Some(m) = &mut n.mask {
+        each_mut(Arc::make_mut(&mut m.art), f);
+    }
+    for c in n.children_mut().into_iter().flatten() {
+        each_mut(Arc::make_mut(c), f);
+    }
+}
+
+/// `n`'s references to images, symbols, patterns and placed files prefixed with `prefix`. Colours
+/// keep their swatch links (a spot colour stays a plate, one with the parent's spot of that name).
+fn rename(n: &mut Node, prefix: &str) {
+    let paint = |p: &mut Paint| {
+        if let Paint::Pattern { pattern, .. } = p {
+            *pattern = format!("{prefix}{pattern}");
+        }
+    };
+    each_mut(n, &mut |n| {
+        for it in &mut n.appearance.items {
+            match it {
+                AppearanceItem::Fill(f) => paint(&mut f.paint),
+                AppearanceItem::Stroke(s) => paint(&mut s.paint),
+            }
+        }
+        match &mut n.kind {
+            NodeKind::Text(t) => {
+                for r in &mut t.runs {
+                    paint(&mut r.style.fill);
+                    paint(&mut r.style.stroke);
+                }
+            }
+            NodeKind::Image(im) => im.key = format!("{prefix}{}", im.key),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => p.key = format!("{prefix}{}", p.key),
+            NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } => *symbol = format!("{prefix}{symbol}"),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+impl Document {
+    /// This document ready to export its placed documents: their files read (the file read again
+    /// when only the preview is stored, else the preview), and the resources their art uses added
+    /// under names of their own ([`RESOURCE_PREFIX`]); the same for the placed documents in that
+    /// art, up to [`MAX_DEPTH`] deep. Borrowed when there is none. (The renderer draws them from
+    /// [`read`] instead.)
+    pub fn with_placed_art(&self) -> Cow<'_, Document> {
+        let mut queue: Vec<(PlacedDocument, usize)> = vec![];
+        let mut seen = BTreeSet::new();
+        self.visit_placed(|_, p| {
+            if seen.insert(p.key.clone()) {
+                queue.push((p.clone(), 0));
+            }
+        });
+        if queue.is_empty() {
+            return Cow::Borrowed(self);
+        }
+        let mut d = self.clone();
+        let mut found: Vec<Arc<ReadDocument>> = vec![];
+        while let Some((p, depth)) = queue.pop() {
+            let Some(blob) = d.images.get(&p.key).cloned() else { continue };
+            let full = if depth < MAX_DEPTH { full_bytes(&p, &blob) } else { None };
+            if full.and_then(|b| read(&p, &b)).is_none() {
+                let preview = if blob.is_proxy() { Some(blob.bytes.clone()) } else { blob.proxy.clone() };
+                if let Some(bytes) = preview {
+                    read_preview(&p, &bytes);
+                }
+            }
+            // What the art (`PlacedDocument::art`) will show.
+            let Some(e) = read_cached(&p) else { continue };
+            let prefix = prefix(&p.key);
+            add_resources(&mut d, &e.doc, &prefix);
+            // The placed documents in that art, under their names here.
+            let inner = std::iter::once(&e.art).chain(e.doc.symbols.iter().map(|s| &s.art)).chain(e.doc.patterns.iter().flat_map(|p| &p.art));
+            for root in inner {
+                walk_all(root, &mut |n| {
+                    if let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(q) = &n.kind {
+                        let key = format!("{prefix}{}", q.key);
+                        if seen.insert(key.clone()) {
+                            queue.push((PlacedDocument { key, ..(**q).clone() }, depth + 1));
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+            found.push(e);
+        }
+        // Read last, so all stay read while the art is made (see `PlacedDocument::art`).
+        {
+            let mut c = cache();
+            for e in &found {
+                c.get(&e.key, e.preview, None);
+            }
+        }
+        Cow::Owned(d)
+    }
+
+    /// Drop the resources [`Self::with_placed_art`] added under its names (what a save leaves out).
+    pub fn drop_placed_resources(&mut self) {
+        self.symbols.retain(|s| !s.name.starts_with(RESOURCE_PREFIX));
+        self.patterns.retain(|p| !p.name.starts_with(RESOURCE_PREFIX));
+        self.images.retain(|k, _| !k.starts_with(RESOURCE_PREFIX));
+    }
+}
+
+/// The resources of `src` (a read file's) added to `d` under `prefix`: symbols, patterns, images;
+/// swatches by name, when `d` has none of that name.
+fn add_resources(d: &mut Document, src: &Document, prefix: &str) {
+    for s in &src.symbols {
+        let name = format!("{prefix}{}", s.name);
+        if !d.symbols.iter().any(|x| x.name == name) {
+            let mut s = s.clone();
+            rename(Arc::make_mut(&mut s.art), prefix);
+            d.symbols.push(Symbol { name, ..s });
+        }
+    }
+    for p in &src.patterns {
+        let name = format!("{prefix}{}", p.name);
+        if d.pattern(&name).is_none() {
+            let mut p = p.clone();
+            p.art.iter_mut().for_each(|a| rename(Arc::make_mut(a), prefix));
+            d.patterns.push(PatternDef { name, ..p });
+        }
+    }
+    for (k, b) in &src.images {
+        d.images.entry(format!("{prefix}{k}")).or_insert_with(|| b.clone());
+    }
+    for w in &src.swatches {
+        if d.swatch(&w.name).is_none() {
+            d.swatches.push(w.clone());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::NodeId;
+
+    fn placed(key: &str) -> PlacedDocument {
+        PlacedDocument {
+            link: LinkInfo::new("/art/logo.vectorcraft"),
+            key: key.into(),
+            bounding: false,
+            width: 80.0,
+            height: 40.0,
+            xf: Affine::translate((10.0, 10.0)),
+            placement: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whatever the bytes: a 40×20 artboard showing a symbol instance and, when the bytes say
+    /// `nest`, a placed document of key `inner`.
+    fn stub_loader(_: &PlacedDocument, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<(Document, Node, Rect)> {
+        let mut d = Document::new(40.0, 20.0);
+        d.layers.clear();
+        let art = Node::new(
+            NodeId(50),
+            NodeKind::Image(ImageObject { key: "pic".into(), width: 1, height: 1, xf: Affine::IDENTITY, link: None, placement: Default::default() }),
+        );
+        d.symbols.push(Symbol { name: "Star".into(), art: Arc::new(art) });
+        d.images.insert("pic".into(), ImageBlob::new("image/png", vec![1, 2, 3]));
+        let mut children = vec![Arc::new(Node::new(NodeId(51), NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol: "Star".into(), xf: Affine::IDENTITY }))];
+        if bytes.starts_with(b"nest") {
+            d.images.insert("inner".into(), ImageBlob::new("application/json", b"leaf".to_vec()));
+            let inner = PlacedDocument { key: "inner".into(), width: 10.0, height: 10.0, xf: Affine::IDENTITY, ..placed("inner") };
+            children.push(Arc::new(Node::new(NodeId(52), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(inner)))));
+        }
+        Some((d, Node::new(NodeId(0), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: false }), Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, 40.0, 20.0)))
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn round_trips_through_json() {
+        let n = Node::new(NodeId(3), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(placed("doc1-1"))));
+        let v = serde_json::to_value(&n).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(v["kind"]["type"], "placeddocument");
+        assert_eq!(v["kind"]["link"]["path"], "/art/logo.vectorcraft");
+        let back: Node = serde_json::from_value(v).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(back, n);
+        assert_eq!(key_for("img00", 2, true), "img00-2b");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn the_art_and_its_resources_join_only_a_prepared_copy_under_their_own_names() {
+        set_loader(stub_loader);
+        let mut d = Document::new(200.0, 200.0);
+        d.symbols.push(Symbol { name: "Star".into(), art: Arc::new(Node::new(NodeId(60), NodeKind::Group { children: vec![], clip: false })) });
+        d.images.insert("doc1-1".into(), ImageBlob::new("application/json", b"nest".to_vec()));
+        let p = placed("doc1-1");
+        let layer = d.layers[0].id;
+        d.insert(Some(layer), 0, Node::new(NodeId(7), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(p.clone())))).unwrap();
+        assert!(d.has_placed());
+        let prepared = d.with_placed_art();
+        let names: Vec<&str> = prepared.symbols.iter().map(|s| s.name.as_str()).collect();
+        // The placed document inside is read too, its resources under its own names.
+        assert_eq!(names, ["Star", "placed:doc1-1/Star", "placed:placed:doc1-1/inner/Star"]);
+        assert!(prepared.images.contains_key("placed:doc1-1/pic"));
+        assert_eq!(d.symbols.len(), 1, "the document itself is unchanged");
+        // The art: a group of the drawing, its resources renamed.
+        let n = d.node(NodeId(7)).unwrap();
+        let art = p.art(n);
+        let [g] = &art[..] else { panic!("{art:?}") };
+        let mut refs = vec![];
+        g.walk(&mut |c| match &c.kind {
+            NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } => refs.push(symbol.clone()),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(q) => {
+                // Its 10×10 box at the file's origin, scaled ×2 into the box at (10, 10).
+                assert_eq!(q.bounds(), Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 30.0, 30.0));
+                refs.push(q.key.clone())
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        });
+        assert_eq!(refs, ["placed:doc1-1/Star", "placed:doc1-1/inner"]);
+        // For older apps: plain groups all the way down.
+        let mut older = prepared.clone().into_owned();
+        older.placed_as_groups();
+        assert!(!older.has_placed());
+        let mut saved = prepared.into_owned();
+        saved.drop_placed_resources();
+        assert_eq!((saved.symbols.len(), saved.images.len()), (1, 1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn more_files_than_the_cache_holds_all_draw() {
+        set_loader(stub_loader);
+        let mut d = Document::new(200.0, 200.0);
+        let layer = d.layers[0].id;
+        let n = CACHE_SIZE + 10;
+        for i in 0..n {
+            let key = format!("many{i}-1");
+            d.images.insert(key.clone(), ImageBlob::new("application/json", format!("doc {i}").into_bytes()));
+            d.insert(Some(layer), i, Node::new(NodeId(100 + i as u64), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(placed(&key))))).unwrap();
+        }
+        let _prepared = d.with_placed_art();
+        let mut empty = 0;
+        d.visit_placed(|n, p| empty += usize::from(p.art(n).is_empty()));
+        assert_eq!(empty, 0, "every file of the document is kept read");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_file_that_cant_be_read_shows_its_preview() {
+        set_loader(stub_loader);
+        let mut png = vec![];
+        image::RgbaImage::from_pixel(8, 4, image::Rgba([0, 200, 0, 255]))
+            .write_to(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&mut png), image::ImageFormat::Png)
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut blob = ImageBlob::new("image/png", png);
+        blob.proxy = Some(blob.bytes.clone());
+        let mut d = Document::new(200.0, 200.0);
+        d.images.insert("gone-1".into(), blob);
+        let layer = d.layers[0].id;
+        d.insert(Some(layer), 0, Node::new(NodeId(7), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(placed("gone-1"))))).unwrap();
+        // No file reader: only the preview can be had.
+        let prepared = d.with_placed_art();
+        assert!(prepared.images.contains_key("placed:gone-1/preview"));
+        let n = d.node(NodeId(7)).unwrap();
+        let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &n.kind else { panic!("not a placed document") };
+        let art = p.art(n);
+        assert_eq!(art.first().and_then(Node::geometric_bounds), Some(Rect::new(10.0, 10.0, 90.0, 50.0)));
+    }
+}

crates/doc/src/selection.rs

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(s.guides.is_empty());
         // Pruning drops guides the document no longer has.
         let mut d = Document::new(100.0, 100.0);
-        d.guides.push(crate::Guide { vertical: true, pos: 10.0 });
+        d.guides.push(crate::Guide::new(true, 10.0));
         s.set_guides([0, 1]);
         s.prune(&d);
         assert_eq!(s.guides, vec![0]);

crates/doc/src/shaper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//! Persistent Shaper edits over retained source paths. Source indices (not document ids) keep
+//! recipes valid when a group is copied. Selector anchors use source-relative bounding boxes,
+//! so the intended face or stroke follows source art when it moves or resizes.
+use crate::Appearance;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use vectorcraft_geom::Point;
+
+pub const SOURCES: &str = "Shaper Sources";
+pub const FILL_PREFIX: &str = "Shaper Fill ";
+pub const STROKE_PREFIX: &str = "Shaper Stroke ";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct ShaperSpec {
+    pub faces: Vec<FaceEdit>,
+    pub edges: Vec<EdgeEdit>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FaceSelector {
+    pub sources: Vec<usize>,
+    pub anchor: Point,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct FaceEdit {
+    pub selector: FaceSelector,
+    pub erase: bool,
+    pub erase_edges: bool,
+    pub paint_source: Option<usize>,
+    pub merge: Option<u64>,
+    pub paint: Option<Appearance>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct EdgeEdit {
+    pub source: usize,
+    pub sides: [Vec<usize>; 2],
+    pub anchor: Point,
+    pub erase: bool,
+    pub paint: Option<Appearance>,
+}

crates/doc/src/text.rs

@@ -93,8 +93,9 @@ pub struct CharStyle {
 }
 
 /// Where a character smaller than the largest on its line lines up with it: on the Roman
-/// baseline, or at the top (right, in vertical type), centre or bottom (left) of the ideographic
-/// em boxes.
+/// baseline, at the top (right, in vertical type), centre or bottom (left) of the ideographic
+/// em boxes, or at the top (right) or bottom (left) of the ideographic character faces (ICF, the
+/// average box of the ideographs inside the em box: OpenType's `icft` and `icfb` baselines).
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub enum CharAlign {
@@ -103,6 +104,8 @@ pub enum CharAlign {
     EmBoxTop,
     EmBoxCenter,
     EmBoxBottom,
+    IcfTop,
+    IcfBottom,
 }
 
 /// Superscript or subscript proportions in percent of the font size (Document Setup → Type).
@@ -285,6 +288,24 @@ fn default_align_on() -> char {
 /// Distance between default tab stops when no explicit stop applies (½ inch).
 pub const DEFAULT_TAB_INTERVAL: f64 = 36.0;
 
+/// Paragraph composer (Paragraph panel menu): how lines are broken.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum Composer {
+    /// Break each line as soon as it is full.
+    SingleLine,
+    /// Total fit over the whole paragraph (Illustrator's default): justified lines get even word
+    /// spacing, ragged lines an even rag.
+    #[default]
+    EveryLine,
+}
+
+impl Composer {
+    fn is_default(&self) -> bool {
+        *self == Self::default()
+    }
+}
+
 /// Paragraph attributes (the Paragraph panel).
 ///
 /// Saved through [`ParaStyleFile`], which keeps files with text openable by builds from before
@@ -299,6 +320,8 @@ pub struct ParaStyle {
     pub space_before: f64,
     pub space_after: f64,
     pub hyphenate: bool,
+    /// Line breaking: Single-line or Every-line Composer.
+    pub composer: Composer,
     /// Tab stops (Tabs panel), sorted by position.
     pub tabs: Vec<TabStop>,
     /// Paragraph style (Paragraph Styles panel) these attributes come from; None = Normal.
@@ -314,6 +337,10 @@ pub struct ParaStyle {
     /// How leading is measured (Paragraph panel menu): from baseline to baseline, or from the top
     /// of one line's ideographic em box to the next.
     pub leading_model: LeadingModel,
+    /// Hanging punctuation (Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari): a comma or full stop ending a line
+    /// may stand outside the frame. New type takes [`Burasagari::Standard`]; documents from before
+    /// it and imported text keep [`Burasagari::None`].
+    pub burasagari: Burasagari,
 }
 
 /// [`ParaStyle`] as saved. [`Justify::Auto`] is written as the alignment it has in the paragraph
@@ -337,6 +364,8 @@ struct ParaStyleFile {
     space_after: f64,
     #[serde(default)]
     hyphenate: bool,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Composer::is_default")]
+    composer: Composer,
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
     tabs: Vec<TabStop>,
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
@@ -347,6 +376,8 @@ struct ParaStyleFile {
     direction: Option<ParaDirection>,
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
     leading_model: LeadingModel,
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
+    burasagari: Burasagari,
 }
 
 impl From<ParaStyle> for ParaStyleFile {
@@ -364,11 +395,13 @@ impl From<ParaStyle> for ParaStyleFile {
             space_before,
             space_after,
             hyphenate,
+            composer,
             tabs,
             style_name,
             mojikumi,
             direction,
             leading_model,
+            burasagari,
             ..
         } = p;
         Self {
@@ -380,11 +413,13 @@ impl From<ParaStyle> for ParaStyleFile {
             space_before,
             space_after,
             hyphenate,
+            composer,
             tabs,
             style_name,
             mojikumi,
             direction,
             leading_model,
+            burasagari,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -399,11 +434,13 @@ impl From<ParaStyleFile> for ParaStyle {
             space_before,
             space_after,
             hyphenate,
+            composer,
             tabs,
             style_name,
             mojikumi,
             direction,
             leading_model,
+            burasagari,
             ..
         } = f;
         Self {
@@ -414,11 +451,13 @@ impl From<ParaStyleFile> for ParaStyle {
             space_before,
             space_after,
             hyphenate,
+            composer,
             tabs,
             style_name,
             mojikumi,
             direction,
             leading_model,
+            burasagari,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -465,6 +504,22 @@ impl Mojikumi {
     }
 }
 
+/// Hanging punctuation (burasagari): an East Asian comma or full stop ending a line (、。，．､｡)
+/// stands outside the line's measure, in the space its punctuation spacing gives it (half width
+/// with Line-end Punctuation Half Width). Closing brackets and Latin punctuation don't hang. Shown
+/// as None / Regular / Force.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum Burasagari {
+    /// A comma or full stop that doesn't fit goes to the next line with the character before it.
+    #[default]
+    None,
+    /// A comma or full stop that doesn't fit hangs outside the line; one that fits stays inside.
+    Standard,
+    /// A comma or full stop ending a line always hangs, and the rest of the line fills the measure.
+    Forced,
+}
+
 /// Area Type Options "First Baseline" offset.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
@@ -480,6 +535,34 @@ pub enum FirstBaseline {
     Fixed,
 }
 
+/// Area Type Options "Align" (vertical): where the lines of each row/column sit in it.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum VerticalAlign {
+    /// Lines start at the top of the cell (the default).
+    #[default]
+    Top,
+    /// The block of lines is centred in the cell.
+    Center,
+    /// The last line's descent touches the cell bottom.
+    Bottom,
+    /// The first line stays at the top, the last one moves to the bottom and the space left over
+    /// is shared equally between the lines (no paragraph spacing limit).
+    Justify,
+}
+
+impl VerticalAlign {
+    pub const ALL: [VerticalAlign; 4] = [VerticalAlign::Top, VerticalAlign::Center, VerticalAlign::Bottom, VerticalAlign::Justify];
+    pub fn id(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            VerticalAlign::Top => "top",
+            VerticalAlign::Center => "center",
+            VerticalAlign::Bottom => "bottom",
+            VerticalAlign::Justify => "justify",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Text Wrap Options of a wrap object (Object → Text Wrap).
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(default)]
@@ -582,11 +665,85 @@ pub struct AreaOptions {
     pub first_baseline: FirstBaseline,
     /// Minimum first-baseline offset in points.
     pub first_baseline_min: f64,
+    /// Vertical alignment of the lines in each row/column.
+    pub vertical_align: VerticalAlign,
+    /// How the frame and its text fit each other (Auto Size, Shrink Text to Fit).
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
+    pub fit: AreaFit,
 }
 
 impl Default for AreaOptions {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self { rows: 1, columns: 1, gutter: 18.0, inset: 0.0, first_baseline: FirstBaseline::Ascent, first_baseline_min: 0.0 }
+        Self {
+            rows: 1,
+            columns: 1,
+            gutter: 18.0,
+            inset: 0.0,
+            first_baseline: FirstBaseline::Ascent,
+            first_baseline_min: 0.0,
+            vertical_align: VerticalAlign::Top,
+            fit: AreaFit::None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// How area type and its frame fit each other. Serialized as `"none"`, `"autoHeight"` or
+/// `{"shrinkText": {"minPercent": 50}}`.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum AreaFit {
+    /// The frame keeps its size; text that doesn't fit overflows.
+    #[default]
+    None,
+    /// The frame's height follows the text (Illustrator's Auto Size): resolved by the engine after
+    /// each edit, for rectangular frames of horizontal type in one row.
+    AutoHeight,
+    /// Text that overflows is scaled down (size, leading and baseline shift; not paragraph
+    /// spacing) by the largest factor down to `min_percent` % that makes it fit, at layout time.
+    ShrinkText {
+        #[serde(rename = "minPercent", default = "AreaFit::default_min_percent")]
+        min_percent: f64,
+    },
+}
+
+impl AreaFit {
+    /// The smallest Shrink Text to Fit percentage allowed.
+    pub const MIN_PERCENT: f64 = 10.0;
+    /// The Shrink Text to Fit percentage new settings start with.
+    pub const DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT: f64 = 50.0;
+    fn default_min_percent() -> f64 {
+        Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT
+    }
+    /// Its id: `none`, `autoHeight` or `shrinkText`.
+    pub fn id(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            AreaFit::None => "none",
+            AreaFit::AutoHeight => "autoHeight",
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { .. } => "shrinkText",
+        }
+    }
+    /// The fit an id names (case, spaces, dashes and underscores ignored), with `min_percent`
+    /// for Shrink Text (clamped to 10..100; a non-finite value gives the default).
+    pub fn parse(id: &str, min_percent: Option<f64>) -> Option<Self> {
+        match id.to_ascii_lowercase().replace([' ', '-', '_'], "").as_str() {
+            "none" | "off" => Some(AreaFit::None),
+            "autoheight" | "autosize" => Some(AreaFit::AutoHeight),
+            "shrinktext" | "shrinktexttofit" | "shrink" => {
+                Some(AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: Self::clamp_percent(min_percent.unwrap_or(Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT)) })
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    /// A Shrink Text minimum percentage within 10..100 (the default when not finite).
+    pub fn clamp_percent(p: f64) -> f64 {
+        if p.is_finite() { p.clamp(Self::MIN_PERCENT, 100.0) } else { Self::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT }
+    }
+    /// Shrink Text's minimum scale factor (0.1..1), if this is Shrink Text.
+    pub fn min_scale(self) -> Option<f64> {
+        match self {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => Some(Self::clamp_percent(min_percent) / 100.0),
+            _ => None,
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -604,6 +761,70 @@ pub struct TextStyleDef {
 pub struct TextRun {
     pub text: String,
     pub style: CharStyle,
+    /// An inline graphic: the run is one [`INLINE_CHAR`] drawn as a document symbol that flows
+    /// with the text like a glyph (InDesign-style inline anchored object). Its `style` still sets
+    /// the size and tracking; fills and strokes don't apply to the art.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub inline: Option<InlineArt>,
+}
+
+impl TextRun {
+    /// A plain text run.
+    pub fn new(text: impl Into<String>, style: CharStyle) -> Self {
+        Self { text: text.into(), style, inline: None }
+    }
+    /// An inline graphic run showing `art`.
+    pub fn inline(art: InlineArt, style: CharStyle) -> Self {
+        Self { text: INLINE_CHAR.to_string(), style, inline: Some(art) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The object replacement character: the plain text of an inline graphic run.
+pub const INLINE_CHAR: char = '\u{FFFC}';
+
+/// Largest inline graphic scale (× the run's size) accepted from input.
+pub const INLINE_MAX_SCALE: f64 = 100.0;
+
+/// A document symbol placed inline in text ([`TextRun::inline`]).
+///
+/// Placement: the art is scaled uniformly so its height (visual bounds) is `scale` × the run's
+/// font size, its left edge at the pen position, and its vertical centre on the middle of the
+/// run's cap height, raised by `baseline_shift` (points, positive = up). Centred on the cap
+/// height the art lines up with capitals and figures (like a mana symbol in rules text) and, at
+/// the default scale, stays inside the font's ascent and descent so the leading doesn't change.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct InlineArt {
+    /// Name of the document symbol ([`crate::Symbol::name`]).
+    pub symbol: String,
+    /// Art height as a multiple of the run's font size.
+    #[serde(default = "one")]
+    pub scale: f64,
+    /// Extra raise in points (positive = up).
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub baseline_shift: f64,
+    /// The symbol art's visual bounds at its natural size, resolved from the document's symbols by
+    /// [`crate::Document::resolve_inline_art`] (not saved). `None`: not resolved or missing; the
+    /// layout then reserves a one-em square and nothing is drawn.
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub bounds: Option<Rect>,
+}
+
+fn one() -> f64 {
+    1.0
+}
+
+impl InlineArt {
+    pub fn new(symbol: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { symbol: symbol.into(), scale: 1.0, baseline_shift: 0.0, bounds: None }
+    }
+    /// `scale`, made finite and positive (untrusted input).
+    pub fn safe_scale(&self) -> f64 {
+        if self.scale.is_finite() && self.scale > 0.0 { self.scale.min(INLINE_MAX_SCALE) } else { 1.0 }
+    }
+    /// `baseline_shift`, made finite (untrusted input).
+    pub fn safe_shift(&self) -> f64 {
+        if self.baseline_shift.is_finite() { self.baseline_shift.clamp(-1e5, 1e5) } else { 0.0 }
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -658,6 +879,11 @@ fn reverse_from_end(path: &mut PathData) {
 }
 
 /// A text object. `runs` split into paragraphs at `\n`.
+///
+/// Paragraph attributes: `para` is paragraph 0's (and, while `paras` is empty, every
+/// paragraph's). Invariant (kept by [`TextObject::normalize_paras`]): `paras` is either empty —
+/// every paragraph uses `para` — or holds one style per paragraph with `paras[0] == para` and at
+/// least two different styles. Readers that only know `para` see the first paragraph's style.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct TextObject {
     /// Top-to-bottom, right-to-left writing. Defaults to horizontal for old documents.
@@ -669,6 +895,9 @@ pub struct TextObject {
     pub runs: Vec<TextRun>,
     #[serde(default)]
     pub para: ParaStyle,
+    /// Per-paragraph attributes (see the type's docs); empty = every paragraph uses `para`.
+    #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "Vec::is_empty")]
+    pub paras: Vec<ParaStyle>,
     /// Area Type Options (area type only).
     #[serde(default, skip_serializing_if = "crate::skip::is_default")]
     pub area: AreaOptions,
@@ -689,6 +918,10 @@ pub struct TextObject {
     /// Cached layout bounds in text space, filled in by the layout engine (not serialized).
     #[serde(skip)]
     pub cached_bounds: Option<Rect>,
+    /// Cached baselines in text space, start to end, one per line that holds characters (a
+    /// vertical column's centre line), filled in with `cached_bounds` (not serialized).
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    pub cached_baselines: Vec<(Point, Point)>,
 }
 
 impl TextObject {
@@ -697,19 +930,118 @@ impl TextObject {
             vertical: false,
             kind: TextKind::Point,
             xf: Affine::translate(origin.to_vec2()),
-            runs: vec![TextRun { text: text.into(), style }],
+            runs: vec![TextRun::new(text, style)],
             para: ParaStyle::default(),
+            paras: Vec::new(),
             area: AreaOptions::default(),
             path_effect: PathEffect::default(),
             path_align: PathAlign::default(),
             path_spacing: 0.0,
             wrap: Vec::new(),
             cached_bounds: None,
+            cached_baselines: Vec::new(),
         }
     }
     pub fn plain_text(&self) -> String {
         self.runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect()
     }
+    /// Number of paragraphs (`\n`-separated; empty text has one).
+    pub fn paragraph_count(&self) -> usize {
+        1 + self.runs.iter().map(|r| r.text.bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count()).sum::<usize>()
+    }
+    /// Attributes of paragraph `i` (the last paragraph's past the end).
+    pub fn para_at(&self, i: usize) -> &ParaStyle {
+        self.paras.get(i).or(self.paras.last()).unwrap_or(&self.para)
+    }
+    /// Every paragraph's attributes, one per paragraph.
+    pub fn paragraph_styles(&self) -> Vec<ParaStyle> {
+        (0..self.paragraph_count()).map(|i| self.para_at(i).clone()).collect()
+    }
+    /// Set every paragraph's attributes from `styles` (one per paragraph; a short list repeats its
+    /// last entry, a long one is cut).
+    pub fn set_paragraph_styles(&mut self, styles: Vec<ParaStyle>) {
+        if let Some(first) = styles.first() {
+            self.para = first.clone();
+        }
+        self.paras = styles;
+        self.normalize_paras();
+    }
+    /// The same attributes for every paragraph.
+    pub fn set_all_paras(&mut self, style: ParaStyle) {
+        self.para = style;
+        self.paras.clear();
+    }
+    /// Re-establish the `paras` invariant: one entry per paragraph (cut, or extended with the
+    /// last), `paras[0] == para`, and empty when every paragraph is alike.
+    pub fn normalize_paras(&mut self) {
+        if self.paras.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let n = self.paragraph_count();
+        let last = self.paras.last().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        self.paras.resize(n, last);
+        if let Some(first) = self.paras.first_mut() {
+            first.clone_from(&self.para);
+        }
+        if self.paras.iter().all(|p| *p == self.para) {
+            self.paras.clear();
+        }
+    }
+    /// Indices of the paragraphs that byte range `start..end` of the plain text touches (a caret
+    /// touches its paragraph).
+    pub fn paragraphs_in(&self, start: usize, end: usize) -> std::ops::Range<usize> {
+        let text = self.plain_text();
+        let (a, b) = (start.min(end).min(text.len()), start.max(end).min(text.len()));
+        let index = |byte: usize| text.as_bytes().get(..byte).map_or(0, |s| s.iter().filter(|&&c| c == b'\n').count());
+        index(a)..index(b) + 1
+    }
+    /// Apply `f` to the attributes of paragraphs `range` (indices; None = every paragraph).
+    pub fn edit_paras(&mut self, range: Option<std::ops::Range<usize>>, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut ParaStyle)) {
+        match range {
+            None => {
+                f(&mut self.para);
+                for p in &mut self.paras {
+                    f(p);
+                }
+            }
+            Some(r) => {
+                let mut v = self.paragraph_styles();
+                for p in v.iter_mut().take(r.end).skip(r.start) {
+                    f(p);
+                }
+                self.set_paragraph_styles(v);
+            }
+        }
+        self.normalize_paras();
+    }
+    /// Every stored paragraph style (`para` and the per-paragraph ones), for scans and renames.
+    pub fn para_styles_mut(&mut self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &mut ParaStyle> {
+        std::iter::once(&mut self.para).chain(self.paras.iter_mut())
+    }
+    /// Every stored paragraph style (`para` and the per-paragraph ones).
+    pub fn para_styles(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &ParaStyle> {
+        std::iter::once(&self.para).chain(self.paras.iter())
+    }
+    /// Update the paragraph styles for replacing bytes `start..end` of the current plain text by
+    /// `insert` (call before changing the runs). The paragraph the range starts in keeps its
+    /// style (merging paragraphs: the first one's wins); paragraphs the insertion starts take that
+    /// style too (Return continues the paragraph it splits); later paragraphs keep theirs.
+    pub fn splice_paras(&mut self, start: usize, end: usize, insert: &str) {
+        if self.paras.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let r = self.paragraphs_in(start, end);
+        let v = self.paragraph_styles();
+        let Some(keep) = v.get(r.start).cloned() else { return };
+        let added = insert.bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count();
+        let mut out: Vec<ParaStyle> = v.iter().take(r.start + 1).cloned().collect();
+        out.extend(std::iter::repeat_n(keep, added));
+        out.extend(v.iter().skip(r.end).cloned());
+        self.paras = out;
+        if let Some(first) = self.paras.first() {
+            self.para = first.clone();
+        }
+    }
     pub fn first_style(&self) -> CharStyle {
         self.runs.first().map(|r| r.style.clone()).unwrap_or_default()
     }
@@ -813,6 +1145,15 @@ impl TextObject {
     pub fn local_bounds(&self) -> Rect {
         self.cached_bounds.unwrap_or_else(|| self.estimate_bounds())
     }
+    /// The baselines in text space (the layout cache): for point type with none cached, the first
+    /// one across [`Self::local_bounds`] (down the first column's centre line for vertical type).
+    pub fn baselines(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = (Point, Point)> + '_ {
+        let first = (self.cached_baselines.is_empty() && matches!(self.kind, TextKind::Point)).then(|| {
+            let b = self.local_bounds();
+            if self.vertical { (Point::new(0.0, b.y0), Point::new(0.0, b.y1)) } else { (Point::new(b.x0, 0.0), Point::new(b.x1, 0.0)) }
+        });
+        self.cached_baselines.iter().copied().chain(first)
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -828,6 +1169,56 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(CharStyle::default().effective_leading(), 14.399999999999999);
     }
 
+    fn justified(j: Justify) -> ParaStyle {
+        ParaStyle { justify: j, ..ParaStyle::default() }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn paragraph_styles_split_merge_and_normalize() {
+        let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "one\ntwo\nthree", CharStyle::default());
+        assert_eq!((t.paragraph_count(), t.paras.len()), (3, 0), "one style for all: nothing stored");
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(0, 0), 0..1);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(4, 4), 1..2);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(2, 9), 0..3);
+        assert_eq!(t.paragraphs_in(99, 99), 2..3, "clamped to the text");
+        t.edit_paras(Some(1..2), |p| p.justify = Justify::Center);
+        let js = |t: &TextObject| t.paragraph_styles().iter().map(|p| p.justify).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // Return inside "two": the new paragraph continues its style.
+        t.splice_paras(5, 5, "\n");
+        t.runs[0].text.insert(5, '\n');
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // Deleting the break between "one" and "t": the first paragraph's style wins.
+        t.splice_paras(3, 4, "");
+        t.runs[0].text.remove(3);
+        assert_eq!(t.plain_text(), "onet\nwo\nthree");
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left]);
+        // An edit that skips the splice is repaired by normalizing (the last style continues).
+        t.runs[0].text.push_str("\nfour");
+        t.normalize_paras();
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Left, Justify::Left]);
+        // `para` is paragraph 0's; all alike collapses to `para` alone.
+        t.edit_paras(Some(0..1), |p| p.justify = Justify::Right);
+        assert_eq!(t.para.justify, Justify::Right);
+        t.edit_paras(None, |p| p.justify = Justify::Right);
+        assert!(t.paras.is_empty() && t.para.justify == Justify::Right);
+        // A short list repeats its last entry, a long one is cut.
+        t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![justified(Justify::Left), justified(Justify::Center)]);
+        assert_eq!(js(&t), [Justify::Left, Justify::Center, Justify::Center, Justify::Center]);
+        t.set_paragraph_styles(vec![justified(Justify::Center); 9]);
+        assert!(t.paras.is_empty() && t.para.justify == Justify::Center);
+        // Old documents (no `paras`) load; new ones keep paragraph 0 in `para`.
+        t.edit_paras(Some(3..4), |p| p.space_before = 4.0);
+        let json = serde_json::to_value(&t).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(json["para"]["justify"], json["paras"][0]["justify"]);
+        let mut old = json.clone();
+        old.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("paras");
+        let back: TextObject = serde_json::from_value(old).unwrap();
+        assert!(back.paras.is_empty() && back.para_at(3).justify == Justify::Center);
+        let back: TextObject = serde_json::from_value(json).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(back.para_at(3).space_before, 4.0);
+    }
+
     /// 120 × 40 area type at (40, 40), its text drawn at twice its size.
     fn area_type() -> TextObject {
         let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, "Some text", CharStyle::default());

crates/doc/src/trace.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Image Trace objects' View: how a live trace draws on screen.
+//!
+//! An Image Trace object is a group whose `trace` holds `{preset, params, view}` (see
+//! `imageTrace.make`). The view is a viewing aid only: exports, printing and Expand always use the
+//! tracing result, whatever it is set to.
+
+use crate::node::Node;
+
+/// Image Trace › View.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum TraceView {
+    /// The traced shapes as they are filled.
+    #[default]
+    Result,
+    /// The traced shapes, with their outlines over them.
+    ResultWithOutlines,
+    /// Only the traced shapes' outlines.
+    Outlines,
+    /// The source image, with the traced shapes' outlines over it.
+    OutlinesWithSource,
+    /// Only the source image.
+    Source,
+}
+
+impl TraceView {
+    /// Panel order.
+    pub const ALL: [Self; 5] = [Self::Result, Self::ResultWithOutlines, Self::Outlines, Self::OutlinesWithSource, Self::Source];
+
+    /// The id used in command params and in the saved `trace` object.
+    pub fn id(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Result => "tracingResult",
+            Self::ResultWithOutlines => "tracingResultWithOutlines",
+            Self::Outlines => "outlines",
+            Self::OutlinesWithSource => "outlinesWithSourceImage",
+            Self::Source => "sourceImage",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The view an id names (any case).
+    pub fn from_id(id: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        Self::ALL.into_iter().find(|v| v.id().eq_ignore_ascii_case(id))
+    }
+
+    /// The view an Image Trace object's `trace` settings ask for (the tracing result when they
+    /// name none, or an unknown one).
+    pub fn of(trace: &serde_json::Value) -> Self {
+        trace.get("view").and_then(serde_json::Value::as_str).and_then(Self::from_id).unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the source image shows.
+    pub fn shows_source(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::OutlinesWithSource | Self::Source)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the traced shapes show filled.
+    pub fn shows_result(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Result | Self::ResultWithOutlines)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the traced shapes' outlines show.
+    pub fn shows_outlines(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::ResultWithOutlines | Self::Outlines | Self::OutlinesWithSource)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node {
+    /// The View of an Image Trace object (the tracing result for anything else, or an unknown id).
+    pub fn trace_view(&self) -> TraceView {
+        self.trace.as_deref().map(TraceView::of).unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ids_round_trip_and_unknown_views_show_the_result() {
+        for v in TraceView::ALL {
+            assert_eq!(TraceView::from_id(v.id()), Some(v));
+            assert_eq!(TraceView::from_id(&v.id().to_ascii_uppercase()), Some(v));
+            assert!(v.shows_result() || v.shows_outlines() || v.shows_source(), "{v:?} shows something");
+        }
+        let mut g = Node::group(crate::NodeId(1), vec![]);
+        assert_eq!(g.trace_view(), TraceView::Result);
+        g.trace = Some(Box::new(serde_json::json!({"view": "outlines"})));
+        assert_eq!(g.trace_view(), TraceView::Outlines);
+        g.trace = Some(Box::new(serde_json::json!({"view": "sepia"})));
+        assert_eq!(g.trace_view(), TraceView::Result);
+    }
+}

crates/effects/src/bake.rs

@@ -324,14 +324,19 @@ pub fn bake_appearance(n: &Node) -> Option<Node> {
     Some(m)
 }
 
-/// A copy of `doc` with every live geometry effect baked into plain paths, or `None` when the
-/// document has none (export it as is).
+/// A copy of `doc` ready to export: every live geometry effect baked into plain paths, and the
+/// resources of its placed documents' art added ([`Document::with_placed_art`]); `None` when
+/// there is nothing to do (export it as is).
 pub fn bake_document(doc: &Document) -> Option<Document> {
-    if !doc.layers.iter().any(|l| needs_bake(l)) {
-        return None;
+    let placed = doc.with_placed_art();
+    if !placed.layers.iter().any(|l| needs_bake(l)) {
+        return match placed {
+            std::borrow::Cow::Owned(d) => Some(d),
+            std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(_) => None,
+        };
     }
-    let mut d = doc.clone();
-    let layers = doc.layers.clone();
+    let mut d = placed.into_owned();
+    let layers = d.layers.clone();
     d.layers = layers.iter().map(|l| bake_node(&mut d, l).map(Arc::new).unwrap_or_else(|| l.clone())).collect();
     Some(d)
 }

crates/effects/src/reshape.rs

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ pub fn needs_outline(n: &Node) -> bool {
             | NodeKind::Envelope { .. }
             | NodeKind::Mesh(_)
             | NodeKind::Repeat(_)
+            | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)
     )
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/appearance.rs

@@ -803,9 +803,10 @@ impl Picked {
                 run_attrs(&mut r.style, &placed, ap);
             }
             if let Some((_, para)) = text.filter(|_| a.paragraph) {
-                t.para = para.clone();
+                // The source's first paragraph's attributes, on every paragraph.
+                t.set_all_paras(para.clone());
             }
-            if text.is_some() && a.character {
+            if text.is_some() && (a.character || a.paragraph) {
                 super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(t);
             }
             return;

crates/engine/src/cmd/brushsym.rs

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ use super::edit::selected_roots;
 use super::*;
 use crate::EngineError;
 
-const SIZES_KEY: &str = "symbolSizes";
+const SIZES_KEY: &str = vectorcraft_doc::SYMBOL_SIZES;
 const CURRENT_SYMBOL: &str = "currentSymbol";
 /// Half the instance box `Node::geometric_bounds` uses for symbol instances.
-const HALF: f64 = 10.0;
+const HALF: f64 = vectorcraft_doc::SYMBOL_HALF;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
     vec![

crates/engine/src/cmd/buildcmds.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_color::{Color, Paint};
 use vectorcraft_doc::appearance::{AppearanceItem, FillLayer, StrokeLayer};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, Selection};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, Selection, TraceView};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect, SubPath};
 use vectorcraft_pathops as po;
 use vectorcraft_tools::builder::{
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Make",
             ["Object", "Image Trace"],
             None,
-            "{id?: image or Image Trace group (default: selection), preset?: name (imageTrace.presets), params?: {mode: \"blackAndWhite\"|\"grayscale\"|\"color\", threshold: 0-255, colors: 2-256, paths: 0-100, corners: 0-100, noise: px, method: \"abutting\"|\"overlapping\", ignoreWhite, snapCurvesToLines}} → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
+            "{id?: image or Image Trace group (default: selection), preset?: name (imageTrace.presets), params?: {mode: \"blackAndWhite\"|\"grayscale\"|\"color\", threshold: 0-255, colors: 2-256, paths: 0-100, corners: 0-100, noise: px, method: \"abutting\"|\"overlapping\", ignoreWhite, snapCurvesToLines}, view?: as imageTrace.setView (default: the traced object's own, else tracingResult)} → {id, paths, anchors, colors}",
             has_selection_or_ids,
             |s, p| trace_make(s, p, false)
         ),
@@ -151,6 +151,15 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             has_selection_or_ids,
             trace_expand
         ),
+        cmd!(
+            "imageTrace.setView",
+            "Image Trace View",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{id?|ids?: Image Trace objects (default: selection), view: \"tracingResult\"|\"tracingResultWithOutlines\"|\"outlines\"|\"outlinesWithSourceImage\"|\"sourceImage\"} how they draw on screen; exports, printing and Expand keep the tracing result → {ids, view}",
+            has_selection_or_ids,
+            trace_set_view
+        ),
         cmd!(query "imageTrace.presets", "Image Trace Presets", [], None, "{} → {presets: [{name, params}]}", always, |_, _| {
             Ok(json!({ "presets": tr::presets().into_iter().map(|(n, p)| json!({ "name": n, "params": p })).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
         }),
@@ -250,7 +259,8 @@ fn sb_merge(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         // Edges come back from the planar map within a few hundredths of the outlines they follow.
         let cut_tol = step * 0.2;
         let picked: Vec<&po::Region> = touched.regions.iter().filter_map(|&i| map.regions.get(i).map(|r| &r.0)).collect();
-        let union = if picked.is_empty() { PathData::default() } else { po::merge_regions(&picked) };
+        let faces = po::FaceMerger::new(&map.shapes);
+        let union = if picked.is_empty() { PathData::default() } else { faces.merge(&picked) };
         // The merged shape takes the look of the front-most object over the first region, or (for an
         // area only lines enclose) of the front-most object and the current fill.
         let covered = picked.iter().find_map(|r| r.top());
@@ -278,7 +288,17 @@ fn sb_merge(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 // its outline, shared edges from every shape along them).
                 let in_union = picked.iter().any(|r| r.sources.contains(&i));
                 let mut rest = if in_union {
-                    po::boolean(&sh.path, sh.rule, &union, FillRule::NonZero, po::BoolOp::Difference)
+                    // What is left of it: its faces not merged or deleted, united. They share their
+                    // edges with the merged faces exactly, where subtracting the merged shape left
+                    // slivers of the outline along them (#569).
+                    let kept: Vec<&po::Region> = map
+                        .regions
+                        .iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .filter(|(k, (r, ..))| r.sources.contains(&i) && !touched.regions.contains(k))
+                        .map(|(_, (r, ..))| r)
+                        .collect();
+                    if kept.is_empty() { PathData::default() } else { faces.merge(&kept) }
                 } else {
                     b::node_outline(leaf).map_or_else(|| sh.path.clone(), |o| o.0)
                 };
@@ -628,6 +648,13 @@ fn is_trace_group(n: &Node) -> bool {
         && n.children().is_some_and(|c| c.first().is_some_and(|i| matches!(i.kind, NodeKind::Image(_))))
 }
 
+/// The `view` param ([`TraceView`] id), if given.
+fn view_param(cmd: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Option<TraceView>> {
+    let Some(v) = p.get("view").filter(|v| !v.is_null()) else { return Ok(None) };
+    let ids = || TraceView::ALL.map(TraceView::id).join(", ");
+    v.as_str().and_then(TraceView::from_id).map(Some).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("view must be one of {}", ids())))
+}
+
 fn trace_params(p: &Value) -> Result<tr::TraceParams> {
     let name = str_param(p, "preset").unwrap_or("Default");
     let base = tr::preset(name).ok_or_else(|| bad("imageTrace.make", format!("unknown preset `{name}` (see imageTrace.presets)")))?;
@@ -640,9 +667,15 @@ fn trace_params(p: &Value) -> Result<tr::TraceParams> {
     serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| bad("imageTrace.make", e.to_string()))
 }
 
+/// The most anchor points an Image Trace may make: a photo traced at high fidelity can make
+/// millions, more than the canvas draws smoothly or a laptop has memory for, so the trace is
+/// refused with advice instead (#525).
+pub const MAX_TRACE_ANCHORS: usize = 2_000_000;
+
 fn trace_make(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, expand: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "imageTrace.make";
     let params = trace_params(p)?;
+    let view = view_param(C, p)?;
     let params_json = serde_json::to_value(&params).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
     // The preset's name if the parameters are exactly that preset's, else "Custom".
     let named = str_param(p, "preset").unwrap_or("Default");
@@ -671,7 +704,7 @@ fn trace_make(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, expand: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     };
     let blob = s.doc()?.doc.images.get(&img.key).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other(format!("image data `{}` is missing", img.key)))?;
     let raster = tr::Raster::decode(&blob.bytes).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
-    let res = tr::trace(&raster, &params);
+    let res = tr::trace_within(&raster, &params, MAX_TRACE_ANCHORS).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
     // Pixel space of the decoded raster → the image object's pixel space → document.
     let sx = img.width.max(1) as f64 / raster.width.max(1) as f64;
     let sy = img.height.max(1) as f64 / raster.height.max(1) as f64;
@@ -705,7 +738,9 @@ fn trace_make(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, expand: bool) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut g = Node::group(gid, children);
         g.name = if expand { None } else { Some(TRACE_NAME.into()) };
         if !expand {
-            g.trace = Some(Box::new(json!({ "preset": preset_label, "params": params_json })));
+            // Tracing again keeps the object's view unless another is asked for.
+            let view = view.unwrap_or_else(|| src.trace_view());
+            g.trace = Some(Box::new(json!({ "preset": preset_label, "params": params_json, "view": view.id() })));
         }
         let (par, idx, _) = d.position(target).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(target))?;
         d.remove(target)?;
@@ -725,6 +760,28 @@ fn trace_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
     Ok(v)
 }
 
+fn trace_set_view(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "imageTrace.setView";
+    let view = view_param(C, p)?.ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "view is required"))?;
+    let targets = trace_targets(s, p)?;
+    let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    if targets.iter().all(|g| d.node(*g).is_some_and(|n| n.trace_view() == view)) {
+        return Ok(json!({ "ids": ids_json(&targets), "view": view.id() }));
+    }
+    s.edit("Image Trace View", |d, _| {
+        for g in &targets {
+            let n = d.node_mut(*g).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*g))?;
+            if let Some(t) = n.trace.as_deref_mut().and_then(Value::as_object_mut) {
+                t.insert("view".into(), json!(view.id()));
+            } else {
+                n.trace = Some(Box::new(json!({ "preset": "Custom", "view": view.id() })));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    Ok(json!({ "ids": ids_json(&targets), "view": view.id() }))
+}
+
 fn trace_release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let targets = trace_targets(s, p)?;
     let ids = s.edit("Release Image Trace", |d, sel| {

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use vectorcraft_color::Swatch;
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, GraphicStyle, ImageBlob, Node, NodeId, PatternDef, Symbol, TextStyleDef};
 use vectorcraft_geom::Rect;
 
-pub use flavours::{BITMAP, EMF, FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, PNG, SVG, TEXT, file_flavour};
+pub use flavours::{BITMAP, EMF, FILE_HEAD, Flavour, PASTE_ORDER, PDF, PNG, SVG, TEXT, file_flavour, is_address};
 pub(crate) use resources::SwatchChoices;
 
 use super::*;
@@ -87,11 +87,14 @@ pub struct Clipboard {
     /// The open document the objects came from ([`DocState::uid`]): pasting back into it uses its
     /// own resources as they are now.
     pub source_doc: Option<u64>,
+    /// An artboard copied with the Artboard tool (`artboard.copy`); `nodes` are then its art. Pasting
+    /// adds a copy of it with the art.
+    pub artboard: Option<vectorcraft_doc::Artboard>,
 }
 
 impl Clipboard {
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.nodes.is_empty()
+        self.nodes.is_empty() && self.artboard.is_none()
     }
 
     /// Objects `roots` of `st`'s document with their resources, source artboard and layers.
@@ -217,6 +220,25 @@ mod tests {
         s
     }
 
+    /// The address a browser's Copy Image puts next to the picture (#597), and text that isn't one.
+    #[test]
+    fn an_address_alone_is_told_from_other_text() {
+        for a in [
+            "https://example.com/cat.png",
+            " http://x.org/a?b=1
+",
+            "HTTPS://EXAMPLE.COM",
+            "file:///C:/art/cat.png",
+            "data:image/png;base64,iVBOR",
+            "blob:https://x.org/1",
+        ] {
+            assert!(is_address(a), "{a}");
+        }
+        for t in ["Pasted words", "see https://example.com", "https://a.org https://b.org", "https://", "example.com/cat.png", ""] {
+            assert!(!is_address(t), "{t}");
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn copy_exports_svg_that_round_trips_through_paste() {
         let mut s = session();
@@ -237,6 +259,26 @@ mod tests {
         assert!((b.width() - 30.0).abs() < 1e-6 && (b.height() - 40.0).abs() < 1e-6);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn pasted_type_gets_its_layout_bounds_cache() {
+        // Reported from Illustrator: pasted type kept no layout bounds, so its box (and alignment)
+        // fell back to the rough estimate until the file was saved and reopened.
+        let mut s = session();
+        let svg = r#"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="500" height="120"><text x="0" y="80" font-family="Source Sans 3" font-size="40">WWWWWWWW</text></svg>"#;
+        s.execute("clipboard.importSvg", &json!({"svg": svg})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.paste", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        let mut checked = 0;
+        s.doc().unwrap().doc.walk(|n| {
+            let vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind else { return };
+            let cached = t.cached_bounds.expect("pasted type computed its bounds");
+            let real = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t).bounds;
+            assert!((cached.width() - real.width()).abs() < 1e-6, "{cached:?} {real:?}");
+            assert!(cached.width() > t.estimate_bounds().width() + 1.0, "{cached:?} is just the estimate");
+            checked += 1;
+        });
+        assert_eq!(checked, 1, "one text object pasted");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn paste_never_lands_in_an_object_that_reused_an_undone_layers_id() {
         // Found by the model-based test: undo restores the id counter, so a compound path made

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard/flavours.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,15 @@ pub const EMF: &str = "image/emf";
 /// What Paste reads from other apps, best first: vector art before text, text before bitmaps
 /// (word processors offer a picture of copied text too).
 pub const PASTE_ORDER: [&str; 5] = [SVG, PDF, EMF, TEXT, BITMAP];
+/// Is `text` only an address (a web page's, an image's, a file's)? A browser's Copy Image puts the
+/// image's address as text next to the picture: then the picture is what Paste takes (#597). An
+/// address alone pastes as text, and nothing is fetched.
+pub fn is_address(text: &str) -> bool {
+    const SCHEMES: [&str; 6] = ["http://", "https://", "file://", "ftp://", "data:", "blob:"];
+    let t = text.trim();
+    !t.chars().any(char::is_whitespace) && SCHEMES.iter().any(|s| t.get(..s.len()).is_some_and(|h| h.eq_ignore_ascii_case(s)) && t.len() > s.len())
+}
+
 /// How much of a copied file [`file_flavour`] needs to tell what it is.
 pub const FILE_HEAD: usize = 4096;
 
@@ -300,7 +309,7 @@ fn import_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return Err(bad(C, "the text is empty"));
     }
     let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::ZERO, text, super::super::create::new_type_style(s, &Value::Null));
-    t.cached_bounds = Some(vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t).bounds);
+    crate::cmd::typecmd::refresh_bounds(&mut t);
     let n = Node::new(NodeId(1), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)));
     let count = s.load_clipboard(Clipboard { nodes: vec![n], ..Default::default() }, p)?;
     Ok(json!({ "count": count }))

crates/engine/src/cmd/clipboard/resources.rs

@@ -122,11 +122,12 @@ fn node_refs(n: &Node, f: Visit) {
                         f(Ref::Name(Res::CharStyle, s));
                     }
                 }
-                if let Some(s) = &t.para.style_name {
+                for s in t.para_styles().filter_map(|pa| pa.style_name.as_ref()) {
                     f(Ref::Name(Res::ParaStyle, s));
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Image(im) => f(Ref::Name(Res::Image, &im.key)),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(pl) => f(Ref::Name(Res::Image, &pl.key)),
             NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } => f(Ref::Name(Res::Symbol, symbol)),
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -439,11 +440,14 @@ impl Relink {
                         self.name(Res::CharStyle, s);
                     }
                 }
-                if let Some(s) = &mut t.para.style_name {
-                    self.name(Res::ParaStyle, s);
+                for pa in t.para_styles_mut() {
+                    if let Some(s) = &mut pa.style_name {
+                        self.name(Res::ParaStyle, s);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Image(im) => self.name(Res::Image, &mut im.key),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(pl) => self.name(Res::Image, &mut pl.key),
             NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } => self.name(Res::Symbol, symbol),
             _ => {}
         }

crates/engine/src/cmd/create.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,16 @@ use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
     vec![
-        cmd!("shape.rectangle", "Rectangle", [], None, "{x, y, width, height, radius?: pt} → {id}", has_doc, rectangle),
-        cmd!("shape.ellipse", "Ellipse", [], None, "{x, y, width, height} → {id}", has_doc, ellipse),
+        cmd!(
+            "shape.rectangle",
+            "Rectangle",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{x, y, width, height, radius?: pt, rotation?: deg (about centre)} → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            rectangle
+        ),
+        cmd!("shape.ellipse", "Ellipse", [], None, "{x, y, width, height, rotation?: deg (about centre)} → {id}", has_doc, ellipse),
         cmd!("shape.polygon", "Polygon", [], None, "{cx, cy, radius, sides=6, rotation?: deg} → {id}", has_doc, polygon),
         cmd!("shape.star", "Star", [], None, "{cx, cy, radius1, radius2, points=5, rotation?: deg} → {id}", has_doc, star),
         cmd!(
@@ -50,7 +58,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Create Text",
             [],
             None,
-            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText)} → {id}",
+            "{x, y, text, vertical?: bool = false, size?: pt, font?: family, style?, color?, area?: {width, height, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?}, placeholder?: bool (fill it with placeholder text instead, as the Type tools do with prefs placeholderText), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\", charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\" (default: emBoxTop and emBoxCenter while the interface is in Japanese, else romanBaseline)} → {id}; new area type gets Auto Size (fit autoHeight) when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on",
             has_doc,
             text_create
         ),
@@ -163,6 +171,17 @@ fn rect_of(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Rect> {
     Ok(Rect::new(x, y, x + w, y + h).abs())
 }
 
+fn rect_transform(r: Rect, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Affine> {
+    let rotation = if p.get("rotation").is_some() { f64_req(p, "rotation", cmd)? } else { 0.0 };
+    if !rotation.is_finite() {
+        return Err(bad(cmd, "rotation must be finite"));
+    }
+    if rotation == 0.0 {
+        return Ok(Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()));
+    }
+    Ok(Affine::translate(r.center().to_vec2()) * Affine::rotate(rotation.to_radians()) * Affine::translate((-r.width() / 2.0, -r.height() / 2.0)))
+}
+
 fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let r = rect_of(p, "shape.rectangle")?;
     let radius = f64_or(p, "radius", 0.0).max(0.0);
@@ -171,7 +190,7 @@ fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         h: r.height(),
         radii: [radius; 4],
         kinds: Default::default(),
-        xf: Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()),
+        xf: rect_transform(r, p, "shape.rectangle")?,
     };
     let label = if radius > 0.0 { "Rounded Rectangle" } else { "Rectangle" };
     add_art(s, label, path_kind(live.to_path(), Some(live)), None)
@@ -179,7 +198,7 @@ fn rectangle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn ellipse(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let r = rect_of(p, "shape.ellipse")?;
-    let live = LiveShape::Ellipse { w: r.width(), h: r.height(), pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: Affine::translate(r.origin().to_vec2()) };
+    let live = LiveShape::Ellipse { w: r.width(), h: r.height(), pie: (0.0, 360.0), xf: rect_transform(r, p, "shape.ellipse")? };
     add_art(s, "Ellipse", path_kind(live.to_path(), Some(live)), None)
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +207,8 @@ fn polygon(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let r = f64_req(p, "radius", "shape.polygon")?.abs();
     let sides = p.get("sides").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(6).clamp(3, 1000) as u32;
     let rot = f64_or(p, "rotation", 0.0);
-    let live = LiveShape::Polygon { radius: r, sides, xf: Affine::translate(c.to_vec2()) * Affine::rotate(rot.to_radians()) };
+    let xf = Affine::translate(c.to_vec2()) * Affine::rotate(rot.to_radians());
+    let live = LiveShape::Polygon { radius: r, sides, xf, radii: vec![], kinds: vec![] };
     add_art(s, "Polygon", path_kind(live.to_path(), Some(live)), None)
 }
 
@@ -409,14 +429,17 @@ fn text_create(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let mut t = TextObject::point(Point::new(x, y), text, new_type_style(s, p));
     t.vertical = p.get("vertical").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false);
     t.para = new_type_para();
+    new_type_alignment(s, p, "text.create", &mut t)?;
     if let Some(a) = p.get("area") {
         let w = f64_or(a, "width", 200.0);
         let h = f64_or(a, "height", 100.0);
         t.kind = vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, w, h)) };
+        t.area.fit = new_area_fit(s, a, "text.create")?;
     }
     if bool_or(p, "placeholder", false) {
         super::typemenu::fill_with_placeholder(&mut t);
     } else {
+        // Lays the text out (and sizes an Auto Size frame).
         super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(&mut t);
     }
     add_node(s, "Type", NodeKind::Text(Box::new(t)), Appearance::default(), None)
@@ -424,9 +447,55 @@ fn text_create(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 /// The paragraph attributes new type gets (the Type tools, `text.create`): aligned to the start of
 /// each paragraph's direction (left, right for Hebrew and Arabic), Japanese punctuation composed
-/// with Line-end Punctuation Half Width. Imported text keeps its own.
+/// with Line-end Punctuation Half Width and Standard burasagari. Imported text keeps its own.
 pub(crate) fn new_type_para() -> vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle {
-    vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle { justify: vectorcraft_doc::Justify::Auto, mojikumi: vectorcraft_doc::Mojikumi::LineEndHalf, ..Default::default() }
+    vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle {
+        justify: vectorcraft_doc::Justify::Auto,
+        mojikumi: vectorcraft_doc::Mojikumi::LineEndHalf,
+        burasagari: vectorcraft_doc::Burasagari::Standard,
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+/// The leading model and character alignment new type starts with (`t`'s paragraph and runs):
+/// `leadingModel` and `charAlign` from `p`, else em box top to top and em box centre while the
+/// interface is in Japanese (#432), else the Roman baseline for both. Noted in the journal, so a
+/// replay sets the same whatever the interface.
+pub(crate) fn new_type_alignment(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str, t: &mut TextObject) -> Result<()> {
+    use vectorcraft_doc::{CharAlign, LeadingModel};
+    let japanese = s.japanese_interface();
+    let leading = match p.get("leadingModel").filter(|v| !v.is_null()) {
+        Some(v) => match v.as_str() {
+            Some("romanBaseline") => LeadingModel::RomanBaseline,
+            Some("emBoxTop") => LeadingModel::EmBoxTop,
+            _ => return Err(bad(cmd, "`leadingModel` must be \"romanBaseline\" or \"emBoxTop\"")),
+        },
+        None => {
+            let l = if japanese { LeadingModel::EmBoxTop } else { LeadingModel::RomanBaseline };
+            s.note_journal("leadingModel", json!(l));
+            l
+        }
+    };
+    let align = match super::textedit::char_align_param(p, cmd)? {
+        Some(a) => a,
+        None => {
+            let a = if japanese { CharAlign::EmBoxCenter } else { CharAlign::RomanBaseline };
+            s.note_journal("charAlign", json!(a));
+            a
+        }
+    };
+    t.para.leading_model = leading;
+    for r in &mut t.runs {
+        r.style.char_align = align;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// The fit new area type gets: `fit`/`fitMinPercent` from `p` (as `text.areaOptions` takes
+/// them), else Auto Size when the "Auto Size New Area Type" preference is on.
+pub(crate) fn new_area_fit(s: &Session, p: &Value, c: &str) -> Result<vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit> {
+    let default = if s.prefs.auto_size_area_type { vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight } else { vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None };
+    Ok(super::typecmd::fit_param(p, default, c)?.unwrap_or(default))
 }
 
 /// The character style new type gets: `size`, `font`, `style` and `color` from `p`, else the

crates/engine/src/cmd/distortcmds.rs

@@ -418,6 +418,7 @@ fn not_liquified(n: &Node) -> Option<&'static str> {
         NodeKind::Mesh(_) => "meshes",
         NodeKind::Envelope { .. } => "envelopes",
         NodeKind::Repeat(_) => "repeats",
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => "placed documents",
         NodeKind::Blend { .. } => "blends",
         _ => return None,
     })

crates/engine/src/cmd/docinfo.rs

@@ -49,13 +49,14 @@ pub const CATEGORIES: [(&str, &str); 11] = [
 ];
 
 /// The object counts of `document.info` and their labels.
-const OBJECT_LABELS: [(&str, &str); 16] = [
+const OBJECT_LABELS: [(&str, &str); 17] = [
     ("paths", "Paths"),
     ("compoundPaths", "Compound Paths"),
     ("groups", "Groups"),
     ("clipGroups", "Clipping Masks"),
     ("textObjects", "Text Objects"),
     ("images", "Images"),
+    ("placedDocuments", "Placed Documents"),
     ("symbolInstances", "Symbol Instances"),
     ("gradients", "Gradient Objects"),
     ("patterns", "Pattern Objects"),
@@ -252,6 +253,7 @@ fn info(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 NodeKind::Envelope { .. } => Some("envelopes"),
                 NodeKind::Mesh(_) => Some("meshes"),
                 NodeKind::Repeat(_) => Some("repeats"),
+                NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => Some("placedDocuments"),
             };
             if let Some(k) = k {
                 *counts.entry(k).or_default() += 1;

crates/engine/src/cmd/docmenu.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{CharStyle, Guide, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, SavedSelection, TextKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::Vec2;
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
 use super::*;
@@ -154,8 +155,24 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             has_doc,
             clear_guides
         ),
-        cmd!("guide.add", "Add Guide", [], None, "{vertical: bool, pos: pt (x for vertical, y for horizontal)} → {index}", has_doc, guide_add),
-        cmd!(query "guide.list", "Guides", [], None, "{} → [{index, vertical, pos, selected}…] the ruler guides", has_doc, guide_list),
+        cmd!(
+            "guide.add",
+            "Add Guide",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{vertical: bool, pos: pt (x for vertical, y for horizontal), artboard?: index (an artboard guide: it runs across that artboard only and moves, is copied and is deleted with it; default a canvas guide, across the whole canvas)} → {index}",
+            has_doc,
+            guide_add
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            query "guide.list",
+            "Guides",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{} → [{index, vertical, pos, selected, artboard?: index (an artboard guide's)}…] the ruler guides",
+            has_doc,
+            guide_list
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "guide.select",
             "Select Guides",
@@ -481,8 +498,16 @@ fn clear_guides(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn guide_add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let pos = f64_req(p, "pos", "guide.add")?;
     let vertical = bool_or(p, "vertical", false);
+    let artboard = match p.get("artboard").filter(|v| !v.is_null()) {
+        Some(v) => {
+            let boards = &s.doc()?.doc.artboards;
+            let ab = v.as_u64().and_then(|i| boards.get(usize::try_from(i).ok()?)).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+            Some(ab.id)
+        }
+        None => None,
+    };
     let i = s.edit("New Guide", |d, _| {
-        d.guides.push(Guide { vertical, pos });
+        d.guides.push(Guide { artboard, ..Guide::new(vertical, pos) });
         Ok(d.guides.len() - 1)
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "index": i }))
@@ -490,7 +515,13 @@ fn guide_add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn guide_list(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    let row = |(i, g): (usize, &Guide)| json!({ "index": i, "vertical": g.vertical, "pos": g.pos, "selected": st.selection.guides.contains(&i) });
+    let row = |(i, g): (usize, &Guide)| {
+        let mut r = json!({ "index": i, "vertical": g.vertical, "pos": g.pos, "selected": st.selection.guides.contains(&i) });
+        if let Some(ab) = st.doc.artboards.iter().position(|a| Some(a.id) == g.artboard) {
+            r["artboard"] = json!(ab);
+        }
+        r
+    };
     Ok(Value::Array(st.doc.guides.iter().enumerate().map(row).collect()))
 }
 
@@ -533,11 +564,7 @@ pub(crate) fn guide_remove(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let label = if gone.len() == 1 { "Delete Guide" } else { "Delete Guides" };
     s.edit(label, |d, sel| {
-        let kept = |i: &usize| !gone.contains(i);
-        // The guides left selected keep their place among the rest.
-        let left: Vec<usize> = sel.guides.iter().filter(|i| kept(i)).map(|i| i - gone.iter().filter(|g| *g < i).count()).collect();
-        d.guides = std::mem::take(&mut d.guides).into_iter().enumerate().filter(|(i, _)| kept(i)).map(|(_, g)| g).collect();
-        sel.set_guides(left);
+        d.retain_guides(sel, |i, _| !gone.contains(&i));
         Ok(())
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "count": gone.len() }))
@@ -565,7 +592,7 @@ pub(crate) fn guide_move(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let mut copies = vec![];
         for &i in &moving {
             let Some(g) = d.guides.get_mut(i) else { continue };
-            let moved = Guide { vertical: g.vertical, pos: g.pos + if g.vertical { dx } else { dy } };
+            let moved = g.moved(Vec2::new(dx, dy));
             if copy {
                 copies.push(moved);
             } else {

crates/engine/src/cmd/draw2.rs

@@ -670,34 +670,13 @@ fn convert_anchor(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     s.edit("Convert Anchor Point", |d, _| {
         let path = path_mut(d, id)?;
         let sp = path.subpaths.get_mut(si).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such subpath".into()))?;
-        let n = sp.anchors.len();
-        if ai >= n {
-            return Err(EngineError::Other("no such anchor".into()));
-        }
-        let prev = if ai > 0 || sp.closed { Some(sp.anchors[(ai + n - 1) % n].p) } else { None };
-        let next = if ai + 1 < n || sp.closed { Some(sp.anchors[(ai + 1) % n].p) } else { None };
-        let a = &mut sp.anchors[ai];
-        if !smooth {
-            a.retract();
-            return Ok(());
-        }
+        let a = sp.anchors.get_mut(ai).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such anchor".into()))?;
         match target {
-            Some(t) if t.distance(a.p) > 1e-9 => {
-                a.h_out = t;
-                a.h_in = a.p - (t - a.p);
-                a.kind = AnchorKind::Smooth;
-            }
+            _ if !smooth => a.retract(),
+            Some(t) if t.distance(a.p) > 1e-9 => *a = Anchor::smooth(a.p, t),
             Some(_) => a.retract(),
             None => {
-                let (pp, nn) = (prev.unwrap_or(a.p), next.unwrap_or(a.p));
-                let dir = nn - pp;
-                let l = dir.hypot();
-                if l > 1e-9 {
-                    let u = dir / l;
-                    a.h_in = a.p - u * (a.p.distance(pp) / 3.0);
-                    a.h_out = a.p + u * (a.p.distance(nn) / 3.0);
-                    a.kind = AnchorKind::Smooth;
-                }
+                sp.smooth_anchor(ai);
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -722,13 +701,16 @@ fn reshape_segment(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("no such segment".into()));
         }
         let n = sp.anchors.len();
-        // Moving both inner control points by v moves B(t) by 3t(1-t)·v.
+        // Moving both inner control points by v moves B(t) by 3t(1-t)·v. A smooth anchor stays
+        // smooth: its other handle turns with the moved one.
         let v = dv / (3.0 * t * (1.0 - t));
         let (i0, i1) = (seg % n, (seg + 1) % n);
-        let a = sp.anchors[i0];
-        sp.anchors[i0] = Anchor::with_handles(a.p, a.h_in, a.h_out + v);
-        let b = sp.anchors[i1];
-        sp.anchors[i1] = Anchor::with_handles(b.p, b.h_in + v, b.h_out);
+        if let Some(a) = sp.anchors.get_mut(i0) {
+            a.set_handle(true, a.h_out + v, false);
+        }
+        if let Some(b) = sp.anchors.get_mut(i1) {
+            b.set_handle(false, b.h_in + v, false);
+        }
         Ok(())
     })?;
     ok()
@@ -767,30 +749,13 @@ fn split(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             }
             _ => return Err(EngineError::Other("no such segment".into())),
         };
+        let mut pieces = sp.cut_at(&std::collections::BTreeSet::from([k]));
         if sp.closed {
-            sp.anchors.rotate_left(k);
-            let mut last = sp.anchors[0];
-            last.h_out = last.p;
-            sp.anchors[0].h_in = sp.anchors[0].p;
-            last.kind = AnchorKind::Corner;
-            sp.anchors[0].kind = AnchorKind::Corner;
-            sp.anchors.push(last);
-            sp.closed = false;
-            path.subpaths[si] = sp;
+            path.subpaths[si] = pieces.pop().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such anchor".into()))?;
             sel.set([id]);
             return Ok(vec![id]);
         }
-        let n = sp.anchors.len();
-        if k == 0 || k + 1 >= n {
-            return Err(EngineError::Other("cannot split an open path at its end point".into()));
-        }
-        let mut left = SubPath::new(sp.anchors[..=k].to_vec(), false);
-        let mut right = SubPath::new(sp.anchors[k..].to_vec(), false);
-        let lp = left.anchors[k].p;
-        left.anchors[k].h_out = lp;
-        left.anchors[k].kind = AnchorKind::Corner;
-        right.anchors[0].h_in = lp;
-        right.anchors[0].kind = AnchorKind::Corner;
+        let [left, right] = <[SubPath; 2]>::try_from(pieces).map_err(|_| EngineError::Other("cannot split an open path at its end point".into()))?;
         if path.subpaths.len() == 1 {
             path.subpaths[0] = left;
             let node = sibling_with(d, id, PathData::single(right))?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/edit.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Node, NodeId, Unit};
-use vectorcraft_geom::Affine;
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Vec2};
 
 use super::clipboard::SwatchChoices;
 use super::*;
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         ),
         cmd!("edit.undo", "Undo", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+Z"), "{}", can_undo, undo),
         cmd!("edit.redo", "Redo", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+Shift+Z"), "{}", can_redo, redo),
-        cmd!("edit.cut", "Cut", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+X"), "{}", has_selection, cut),
-        cmd!("edit.copy", "Copy", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+C"), "{}", has_selection, copy),
+        cmd!("edit.cut", "Cut", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+X"), "{} (the Artboard tool chosen: artboard.cut)", has_selection_or_artboard_tool, cut),
+        cmd!("edit.copy", "Copy", ["Edit"], Some("Cmd+C"), "{} (the Artboard tool chosen: artboard.copy)", has_selection_or_artboard_tool, copy),
         cmd!(
             "edit.paste",
             "Paste",
             ["Edit"],
             Some("Cmd+V"),
-            "{center?: [x, y], dx?, dy?, swatchConflict?} paste centred on `center` (the app passes the view centre), else offset by dx/dy (default: the Paste Offset preference). Pasting brings the image blobs, symbols, patterns, global and spot swatches (with the tint swatches of the tints used), gradient swatches, graphic styles, character and paragraph styles and brushes the objects use; one of the same name that differs comes in renamed. swatchConflict, for a swatch whose name the document gives another colour (clipboard.conflicts): \"merge\" (default: the objects take the document's swatch) | \"add\" (the pasted swatch comes in renamed) | {name: \"merge\"|\"add\"}. With Paste Remembers Layers on (layer.pasteRemembersLayers), objects go back into the layers they came from (by name; made when missing) → {ids, added: resources added, merged: conflicts merged, renamed: [{kind, from, to}]}",
+            "{center?: [x, y], dx?, dy?, swatchConflict?} paste centred on `center` (the app passes the view centre), else offset by dx/dy (default: the Paste Offset preference). Pasting brings the image blobs, symbols, patterns, global and spot swatches (with the tint swatches of the tints used), gradient swatches, graphic styles, character and paragraph styles and brushes the objects use; one of the same name that differs comes in renamed. swatchConflict, for a swatch whose name the document gives another colour (clipboard.conflicts): \"merge\" (default: the objects take the document's swatch) | \"add\" (the pasted swatch comes in renamed) | {name: \"merge\"|\"add\"}. With Paste Remembers Layers on (layer.pasteRemembersLayers), objects go back into the layers they came from (by name; made when missing). An artboard copied with artboard.copy comes with its art, right of the last artboard (the other paste commands but Paste on All Artboards: where it was), its art back in the layers it came from → {ids, artboard: the new artboard's index or null, added: resources added, merged: conflicts merged, renamed: [{kind, from, to}]}",
             has_clipboard,
             |s, p| paste(s, p, PasteMode::Offset)
         ),
@@ -237,12 +237,19 @@ pub(crate) fn roots_of(doc: &Document, ids: Vec<NodeId>) -> Vec<NodeId> {
 }
 
 fn copy(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    // The Artboard tool copies its artboard (and the art on it).
+    if s.tool_id() == "artboard" {
+        return super::panelcmds::artboard_copy(s, &json!({}), false);
+    }
     let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
     s.clipboard = Clipboard::copy(s.doc()?, &roots);
     Ok(json!({ "copied": s.clipboard.nodes.len() }))
 }
 
 fn cut(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    if s.tool_id() == "artboard" {
+        return super::panelcmds::artboard_copy(s, &json!({}), true);
+    }
     copy(s, p)?;
     clear(s, &json!({}))
 }
@@ -308,8 +315,16 @@ fn paste_clip(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, mode: PasteMode, clip: &Clipboard, cho
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let same_doc = clip.source_doc == Some(st.uid);
     let parent = st.insertion_parent();
-    // Paste Remembers Layers (not while isolating a group: pastes stay in it).
-    let remember = st.doc.paste_remembers_layers && parent.is_some_and(|p| st.doc.node(p).is_some_and(Node::is_layer));
+    // A copied artboard comes back with its art: right of the last artboard, or where it was
+    // (Paste in Place, in Front, in Back). Paste on All Artboards pastes only the art.
+    let board = clip
+        .artboard
+        .as_ref()
+        .filter(|_| mode != PasteMode::AllArtboards)
+        .map(|a| (a, if mode == PasteMode::Offset { super::panelcmds::beside_artboards(&st.doc, a.rect) } else { Vec2::ZERO }));
+    // Paste Remembers Layers (not while isolating a group: pastes stay in it); an artboard's art
+    // always goes back into its layers.
+    let remember = (st.doc.paste_remembers_layers || board.is_some()) && parent.is_some_and(|p| st.doc.node(p).is_some_and(Node::is_layer));
     // Front/back: relative to the selection (top-most / bottom-most selected object); with
     // nothing selected, the top / bottom of the current layer.
     let anchor = match mode {
@@ -320,19 +335,21 @@ fn paste_clip(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, mode: PasteMode, clip: &Clipboard, cho
         }
         _ => None,
     };
-    let placements: Vec<Affine> = match mode {
-        PasteMode::Offset => vec![match point_param(p, "center") {
+    let placements: Vec<Affine> = match (mode, board) {
+        (_, Some((_, dv))) => vec![Affine::translate(dv)],
+        (PasteMode::Offset, None) => vec![match point_param(p, "center") {
             Some(c) => clip.bounds().map_or(Affine::IDENTITY, |b| Affine::translate(c - b.center())),
             None => Affine::translate((f64_or(p, "dx", off), f64_or(p, "dy", off))),
         }],
-        PasteMode::AllArtboards => {
+        (PasteMode::AllArtboards, None) => {
             let src = clip.source_artboard.or_else(|| st.doc.artboards.first().map(|a| a.rect)).map(|r| r.origin()).unwrap_or_default();
             st.doc.artboards.iter().map(|a| Affine::translate(a.rect.origin() - src)).collect()
         }
         _ => vec![Affine::IDENTITY],
     };
-    let (ids, imported) = s.edit(mode.label(), |d, sel| {
+    let (ids, imported, artboard) = s.edit(mode.label(), |d, sel| {
         let imported = clip.import_into(d, choices, same_doc);
+        let artboard = board.map(|(a, dv)| super::panelcmds::push_artboard_copy(d, a, a.rect + dv));
         let mut layers: BTreeMap<&str, NodeId> = BTreeMap::new();
         // Objects pasted into each parent so far (keeps their order in front and back pastes).
         let mut placed: BTreeMap<Option<NodeId>, usize> = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -364,10 +381,18 @@ fn paste_clip(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, mode: PasteMode, clip: &Clipboard, cho
             }
         }
         sel.set(new_ids.iter().copied());
-        Ok((new_ids, imported))
+        // Pasted type arrives without the layout bounds cache: fill it so boxes and alignment are
+        // right away (opening the file later would, but paste must not depend on a reopen).
+        super::typecmd::refresh_bounds_of(d, &new_ids);
+        Ok((new_ids, imported, artboard))
     })?;
+    // The Artboard tool takes the pasted artboard.
+    if let Some(i) = artboard.filter(|_| s.tool_id() == "artboard") {
+        s.set_tool_option("active", &json!(i));
+    }
     Ok(json!({
         "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        "artboard": artboard,
         "added": imported.added,
         "merged": imported.merged,
         "renamed": imported.renamed,

crates/engine/src/cmd/expand.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! Object → Expand: live shapes, type and effects (Object), strokes (Stroke) and gradient fills
-//! (Fill) into plain art in one undo step. A linear or radial gradient fill becomes a gradient mesh,
-//! or solid strips / concentric ellipses, inside a clip group shaped like the object; a freeform
+//! (Fill) into plain art in one undo step. Placed documents (Object) become editable copies of the
+//! art they show, their resources joining the document. A linear or radial gradient fill becomes a
+//! gradient mesh, or solid strips / concentric ellipses, inside a clip group shaped like the object; a freeform
 //! gradient becomes a mesh shaped like the object. Create Gradient Mesh shares the sampling.
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Expand…",
             ["Object"],
             None,
-            "{object?: true (type → outlines, live shapes → paths, effects baked, blends → groups of their steps, envelopes → their distorted content), fill?: true (gradient fills → `gradient` art), stroke?: true (strokes → filled outlines), gradient?: \"objects\" (default: `steps` solid strips, concentric ellipses for radial gradients) | \"mesh\" (a gradient mesh), both in a clip group shaped like the object (freeform gradients always become a mesh shaped like it), steps?: 1..1000 (255)} one undo step → {ids}",
+            "{object?: true (type → outlines, live shapes → paths, effects baked, blends → groups of their steps, envelopes → their distorted content, placed documents → editable copies of their art, as placing the file without link gives, its symbols, patterns, swatches and images joining the document), fill?: true (gradient fills → `gradient` art), stroke?: true (strokes → filled outlines), gradient?: \"objects\" (default: `steps` solid strips, concentric ellipses for radial gradients) | \"mesh\" (a gradient mesh), both in a clip group shaped like the object (freeform gradients always become a mesh shaped like it), steps?: 1..1000 (255)} one undo step → {ids}",
             has_selection,
             expand
         ),
@@ -55,6 +56,21 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
     ]
 }
 
+/// Every placed document in `roots` of `d` (at any depth) replaced by an editable copy of the art it
+/// shows, keeping its id and place; the resources the art uses join `d` (a name `d` uses for
+/// something else gets a free variant).
+fn expand_placed_under(d: &mut Document, roots: &[NodeId]) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut ids = vec![];
+    for n in roots.iter().filter_map(|r| d.node(*r)) {
+        n.walk(&mut |c| {
+            if matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)) {
+                ids.push(c.id);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    ids.into_iter().try_for_each(|id| super::place::document::expand(d, id, C))
+}
+
 /// Expand Gradient To.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 enum GradientTo {
@@ -88,6 +104,8 @@ struct Expandable {
     envelope: bool,
     /// Live blends (Object expands them into groups of their steps).
     blends: bool,
+    /// Placed documents (Object expands them into the art they show).
+    placed: bool,
 }
 
 impl Expandable {
@@ -101,6 +119,7 @@ impl Expandable {
                 e.effects |= !c.appearance.effects.is_empty();
                 e.envelope |= matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::Envelope { .. });
                 e.blends |= matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::Blend { .. });
+                e.placed |= matches!(c.kind, NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_));
                 e.stroke |= shape && !c.appearance.stroke_paint().is_none();
                 e.fill |= match &c.kind {
                     NodeKind::Text(t) => t.runs.iter().any(|r| matches!(r.style.fill, Paint::Gradient(_))),
@@ -112,7 +131,7 @@ impl Expandable {
     }
 
     fn object(&self) -> bool {
-        self.text || self.live || self.effects || self.envelope || self.blends
+        self.text || self.live || self.effects || self.envelope || self.blends || self.placed
     }
 }
 
@@ -135,6 +154,11 @@ fn expand(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let from = s.doc()?.history.undo.len();
     let rev0 = s.doc()?.revision;
     let e = Expandable::of(&s.doc()?.doc, &selected_roots(s)?);
+    // Placed documents first: their art (type, strokes, gradients) expands below.
+    if object && e.placed {
+        let roots = selected_roots(s)?;
+        s.edit("Expand", |d, _| expand_placed_under(d, &roots))?;
+    }
     // Blends first: what their steps hold (type, effects, strokes, gradients) expands below.
     if object && e.blends {
         let roots = selected_roots(s)?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/encode.rs

@@ -364,6 +364,22 @@ pub fn encode_with_warnings(doc: &Document, format: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<(
 
 /// [`encode`], with every file the export writes.
 pub fn encode_all(doc: &Document, format: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
+    // Placed documents output their files' art (a native file keeps what it keeps: see
+    // `native::encode`).
+    if !matches!(format, "vectorcraft" | "template") {
+        let (full, warnings) = crate::cmd::place::document::full_documents(doc);
+        if !warnings.is_empty() {
+            let mut enc = encode_all_of(&full, format, p)?;
+            enc.warnings.extend(warnings);
+            return Ok(enc);
+        }
+        return encode_all_of(&full, format, p);
+    }
+    encode_all_of(doc, format, p)
+}
+
+/// [`encode_all`] of `doc` as it is.
+fn encode_all_of(doc: &Document, format: &str, p: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
     let f = super::writable(C, Some(format), None)?;
     let mut enc = encode_files(doc, f, p)?;
     // Formats that draw type: missing fonts come out in the fallback font (PDF and SVG say so
@@ -401,6 +417,12 @@ fn encode_files(doc: &Document, f: &Format, p: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
         "txt" => super::text::encode(doc, p)?,
         "svg" | "svgz" => return super::svg::encode(doc, p, f.id == "svgz").map_err(|e| bad(C, e)),
         "dxf" => return super::dxf::encode(doc, p, use_artboards),
+        // As Save As writes it (a PDF of every artboard carrying the native document).
+        "ai" => {
+            let mut q = p.clone();
+            super::save::ai_params(&mut q);
+            return super::save::encode_ai(C, f, doc, &q);
+        }
         // EPS reads its own `useArtboards` (the art's bounds unless asked).
         "eps" => return super::eps::encode(doc, p),
         "emf" => return super::metafile::encode(doc, p, use_artboards, vectorcraft_metafile::Kind::Emf),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/export.rs

@@ -87,6 +87,26 @@ fn selected_part(n: &Node, keep: &HashSet<NodeId>) -> Option<Node> {
     Some(out)
 }
 
+/// `doc` with only the art over `rect` (an artboard): objects whose visual bounds miss it are left
+/// out, at any depth of layers and sublayers, and objects that reach it stay whole (the file's
+/// bounds clip them), as DXF's crop leaves them. A clipping layer keeps every object, its clipping
+/// path among them. An artboard's file then holds its own art, not a whole document of artboards.
+pub(super) fn art_over(doc: &Document, rect: vectorcraft_geom::Rect) -> Document {
+    fn kept(n: &Arc<Node>, rect: vectorcraft_geom::Rect) -> Option<Arc<Node>> {
+        if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Layer { clip: false, .. }) {
+            let mut layer = Node::clone(n);
+            let children = layer.children_mut()?;
+            *children = children.iter().filter_map(|c| kept(c, rect)).collect();
+            return Some(Arc::new(layer));
+        }
+        let over = |b: vectorcraft_geom::Rect| b.x0 <= rect.x1 && rect.x0 <= b.x1 && b.y0 <= rect.y1 && rect.y0 <= b.y1;
+        n.visual_bounds().is_none_or(over).then(|| n.clone())
+    }
+    let mut d = doc.clone();
+    d.layers = doc.layers.iter().filter_map(|l| kept(l, rect)).collect();
+    d
+}
+
 /// `p` without its artboard choice, also inside its SVG options (for documents made of one
 /// synthetic artboard, and for callers that pick the artboard themselves).
 pub(super) fn without_artboards(p: &Value) -> Value {

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/mod.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Open Document",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path} or {name, dataBase64}, PDF/.ai: pages?: \"2-3, 5\" (1-based, default all; one artboard each) | page?: n, cropTo?: bounding|art|crop (default)|trim|bleed|media (the box each artboard gets; bounding: the art's bounds), password? (encrypted PDFs; see document.pdfInfo), textAs?: text (default: point type per line, in the file's fonts by name; missing ones are listed in warnings) | outlines (glyph paths), layers?: true (default: optional content groups become layers with their visibility, print state and lock — art that is off comes in as a hidden layer; other art goes to a layer per page) | false (one layer per page, without the art that is off; Save then asks for a name), colorMode?: rgb|cmyk (the mode the document opens in, its colours converted as file.documentColorMode does, grays? as there; default: the file's — a PDF keeps CMYK, Gray and spot inks (spot swatches at a tint) and opens in CMYK when painted mostly in CMYK), DXF: dxf?: {layout?: \"Model\" (default) | a paper layout's name (document.dxfInfo lists them), unit?, scale? (the ratio: 1 unit of the art = scale drawing units; default: the drawing at 1:1 in its own unit), fit?: false (scale to fit an artboard of fitTo?: [612, 792], turned to the art's orientation), scaleLineweights?: false (lineweights scale with the art), center?: true (false: the drawing's origin on the artboard's bottom-left corner; fitted art's bottom-left corner), mergeLayers?: false (all art on one layer)} → {index, title, format, warnings, restored, missingLinks, modifiedLinks, updatedLinks: [{name, path, ids}]}; any readable format (see document.formats): .vectorcraft/.drawcraft, .svg/.svgz, .pdf/.ai, .ait, ASCII .dxf (each DXF layer with art a layer; blocks symbols; what can't come in is listed in warnings), PNG/JPEG/GIF/WebP/TIFF/BMP (an image opens as a document of its pixel size), .emf/.wmf (one artboard, the picture's frame; records VectorCraft doesn't read are skipped with one warning), .eps and PostScript .ai (one artboard, the bounding box: an EPS file VectorCraft wrote restores the document it carries, restored: true; other files are read by a PostScript interpreter — paths, colours and spot inks, clips, gradients, images, type in the fonts named — and come in as their TIFF preview, with a warning, when their PostScript can't be read). A PDF/.ai/.ait or SVG saved with Preserve Editing restores the native document it carries (restored: true; a PDF only when no pages are picked), unless the file was changed elsewhere since or the data can't be read: then its artwork is imported and the first warning says why. Templates (native templates, .ait) open as a new untitled document; a restored .ai keeps its path (Save writes .ai again). Linked images are read from their files (looked for at their path, then relative to the document): missing ones show their saved preview (links.relink), modified ones are read again only with Preferences › Update Links: Automatically (else links.update). An SVG's <image> files (relative links from the SVG's folder) stay linked, SVG files become art, missing ones a placeholder in their box (a warning and missingLinks)",
+            "{path} or {name, dataBase64}, PDF/.ai: pages?: \"2-3, 5\" (1-based, default all; one artboard each) | page?: n, cropTo?: bounding|art|crop (default)|trim|bleed|media (the box each artboard gets; bounding: the art's bounds), password? (encrypted PDFs; see document.pdfInfo), textAs?: text (default: point type per line, lines wrapped in a frame as area type where they lay out the same, in the file's fonts by name; missing ones are listed in warnings) | outlines (glyph paths), layers?: true (default: optional content groups become layers with their visibility, print state and lock — art that is off comes in as a hidden layer; other art goes to a layer per page) | false (one layer per page, without the art that is off; Save then asks for a name), colorMode?: rgb|cmyk (the mode the document opens in, its colours converted as file.documentColorMode does, grays? as there; default: the file's — a PDF keeps CMYK, Gray and spot inks (spot swatches at a tint) and opens in CMYK when painted mostly in CMYK), DXF: dxf?: {layout?: \"Model\" (default) | a paper layout's name (document.dxfInfo lists them), unit?, scale? (the ratio: 1 unit of the art = scale drawing units; default: the drawing at 1:1 in its own unit), fit?: false (scale to fit an artboard of fitTo?: [612, 792], turned to the art's orientation), scaleLineweights?: false (lineweights scale with the art), center?: true (false: the drawing's origin on the artboard's bottom-left corner; fitted art's bottom-left corner), mergeLayers?: false (all art on one layer)} → {index, title, format, warnings, restored, missingLinks, modifiedLinks, updatedLinks: [{name, path, ids}]}; any readable format (see document.formats): .vectorcraft/.drawcraft, .svg/.svgz, .pdf/.ai, .ait, ASCII .dxf (each DXF layer with art a layer; blocks symbols; what can't come in is listed in warnings), PNG/JPEG/GIF/WebP/TIFF/BMP (an image opens as a document of its pixel size), .emf/.wmf (one artboard, the picture's frame; records VectorCraft doesn't read are skipped with one warning), .eps and PostScript .ai (one artboard, the bounding box: an EPS file VectorCraft wrote restores the document it carries, restored: true; other files are read by a PostScript interpreter — paths, colours and spot inks, clips, gradients, images, type in the fonts named — and come in as their TIFF preview, with a warning, when their PostScript can't be read). A PDF/.ai/.ait or SVG saved with Preserve Editing restores the native document it carries (restored: true; a PDF only when no pages are picked), unless the file was changed elsewhere since or the data can't be read: then its artwork is imported and the first warning says why. Templates (native templates, .ait) open as a new untitled document; a restored .ai keeps its path (Save writes .ai again). Linked images are read from their files (looked for at their path, then relative to the document): missing ones show their saved preview (links.relink), modified ones are read again only with Preferences › Update Links: Automatically (else links.update). An SVG's <image> files (relative links from the SVG's folder) stay linked, SVG files become art, missing ones a placeholder in their box (a warning and missingLinks)",
             always,
             load::open
         ),
@@ -465,8 +465,8 @@ pub const FORMATS: &[Format] = &[
         extensions: &["ai"],
         mime: "application/pdf",
         read: true,
-        // Saved (Save As), not exported.
-        write: false,
+        // Save As writes it; exports write the same file.
+        write: true,
         raster: false,
         options: native::AI_OPTIONS,
     },

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/native.rs

@@ -127,6 +127,13 @@ pub(super) fn save_options(cmd: &str, f: &Format, doc: &Document, p: &Value) ->
 /// The `.vectorcraft` file of `doc` with the options in `p`.
 pub(super) fn encode(cmd: &str, f: &Format, doc: &Document, p: &Value) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
     let (mut so, extras) = save_options(cmd, f, doc, p)?;
+    // Include Linked Files keeps placed documents' files; older versions get their art.
+    let full = if so.include_linked || so.version < vectorcraft_format::VERSION {
+        crate::cmd::place::document::full_documents(doc).0
+    } else {
+        std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed(doc)
+    };
+    let doc = &*full;
     if extras.preview {
         so.preview = preview_png(doc)?;
     }

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/pdf.rs

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ pub(super) const OPTIONS: &[FormatOption] = &[
         name: "createLayers",
         ty: "boolean",
         default: "false",
-        description: "top-level layers as PDF layers (optional content groups with their visibility, print state and lock; PDF 1.5 or later)",
+        description: "layers and sublayers as PDF layers (optional content groups with their visibility, print state and lock, sublayers listed under their layers; PDF 1.5 or later)",
     },
     FormatOption {
         name: "flattenerPreset",
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Export PDF",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path?, preset?: \"VectorCraft Default\" (built-in or saved: pdf.preset.list), artboard? | artboards?: [i…] | range?: \"1-3, 5\" (1-based; default all, one page each), standard?: none|pdfA2b|pdfX1a (CMYK, grey and spot colours only: colours and images converted to output.destination or the CMYK output intent, untagged; transparency flattened with flattenerPreset; PDF 1.3)|pdfX3 (colours ICC-tagged; transparency flattened; PDF 1.3)|pdfX4 (transparency and layers kept; colours ICC-tagged; PDF 1.6 at most) (PDF/X: a /GTS_PDFX output intent, by default the CMYK profile in effect, embedded; TrimBox, Trapped, GTS_PDFXVersion, title and dates; fonts embedded or outlined), compatibility?: 1.3 (no transparency: it is flattened with flattenerPreset; images keep no see-through pixels)|1.4|1.5|1.6|1.7 (default)|2.0 (choosing a standard sets its version: 1.7 for pdfA2b, 1.6 for pdfX4, 1.3 for pdfX1a and pdfX3, which write 1.4 as 1.3 too; pdfA2b refuses 1.3), preserveEditing? (on in VectorCraft Default: the native document as an embedded file, which document.open restores; choosing a standard turns it off, a standard refuses it), thumbnails? (each page drawn as a /Thumb image, 106 px on its long side), fastWebView? (a linearised file: the first page shows while the rest downloads; it stays linearised when encrypted), viewAfterSaving? (the app opens the written file), createLayers? (each top-level layer but template layers as a PDF layer, an optional content group: hidden layers off, non-printing ones /PrintState /OFF, locked ones locked; needs 1.5 or later; they reopen as layers; choosing pdfX1a or pdfX3 turns it off; they refuse it), includeNonPrinting? (keep layers whose Print option is off; left out by default unless createLayers), flattenerPreset?: \"\" (High Resolution) | high | medium | low | a saved preset (flattener.presets.list): what PDF 1.3 files flatten transparency with, flattener?: {object.flattenTransparency options over it}, compression?: {color?, gray?: {downsample: none|average|subsample|bicubic, ppi: 300, abovePpi: 450, compression: none|zip|jpeg|jpeg2000|auto, quality: minimum|low|medium|high|maximum}, mono?: {downsample, ppi: 1200, abovePpi: 1800, compression: none|ccittG3|ccittG4|zip|runLength} (black-and-white images), compressText?: true} (images above abovePpi are resampled to ppi; auto keeps JPEGs JPEG, the others lossless; JPEG needs opaque images; none, jpeg2000, CCITT and runLength are written as ZIP with a warning), marks?: {trim, registration, colorBars, pageInfo, kind: roman|japanese, weight: 0.25 (trim marks and targets), offset: 6 (pt from the artboard, at least the bleed)} (printer's marks in [Registration], every plate: trim marks, registration targets mid-side, CMYK/spot/black-tint colour bars on top, page information (title, artboard, date UTC) below), bleed?: {useDocument (the document's bleed, document.setup), top, bottom, left, right} (pt; art in the bleed is kept). Each page: TrimBox = artboard, BleedBox = artboard + bleed, MediaBox = that + the marks' room (art clipped to the BleedBox), output?: {conversion: none (default)|destination (every colour into the destination profile's model, CMYK or RGB, also colours of that model in another profile)|preserveNumbers (only colours of the other model and Lab; those in the destination's model keep their numbers) (grey stays grey; images are converted too, printer's marks are not), destination: profile name (edit.colorSettings lists them; default: the document's profile for its colour mode), profiles: none (device colours)|all|destination|taggedSource (documents assigned a profile: edit.assignProfile) (ICC-based colours: CMYK with the destination or document CMYK profile, RGB as sRGB, grey with the sRGB tone curve; PDF/A always), outputIntent: profile name (embedded as the catalog's /GTS_PDFX output intent; a name that isn't a profile is only named, which pdfX1a and pdfX3 allow only with a registry and pdfX4 refuses; pdfX1a needs a CMYK one), outputCondition, outputConditionId (default: outputIntent), registry, trapped (/Trapped /True; /False when an output intent is written)} (PDF/A files keep their own output intent), advanced?: {fontSubsetPercent: 100 (below 100 is accepted with a warning: fonts are always embedded as subsets), outlineText: true (false: type as real, selectable and searchable text in embedded subset fonts with a ToUnicode map; fonts whose licence forbids embedding, or allows only whole fonts, stay outlines with a warning), overprint: preserve (overprinting fills and strokes set /OP /op true, /OPM 1; white ones knock out with document.setup discardWhiteOverprint)|discard (they knock out)}, security?: {openPassword, permissionsPassword, printing: none|low|high, changes: none|pages|forms|comments|any, copy, screenReader, plaintextMetadata}} → {path, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, bytes, warnings}. The options apply over the preset (null keeps its value); options accepted but not applied yet c
Line truncated
+            "{path?, preset?: \"VectorCraft Default\" (built-in or saved: pdf.preset.list), artboard? | artboards?: [i…] | range?: \"1-3, 5\" (1-based; default all, one page each), standard?: none|pdfA2b|pdfX1a (CMYK, grey and spot colours only: colours and images converted to output.destination or the CMYK output intent, untagged; transparency flattened with flattenerPreset; PDF 1.3)|pdfX3 (colours ICC-tagged; transparency flattened; PDF 1.3)|pdfX4 (transparency and layers kept; colours ICC-tagged; PDF 1.6 at most) (PDF/X: a /GTS_PDFX output intent, by default the CMYK profile in effect, embedded; TrimBox, Trapped, GTS_PDFXVersion, title and dates; fonts embedded or outlined), compatibility?: 1.3 (no transparency: it is flattened with flattenerPreset; images keep no see-through pixels)|1.4|1.5|1.6|1.7 (default)|2.0 (choosing a standard sets its version: 1.7 for pdfA2b, 1.6 for pdfX4, 1.3 for pdfX1a and pdfX3, which write 1.4 as 1.3 too; pdfA2b refuses 1.3), preserveEditing? (on in VectorCraft Default: the native document as an embedded file, which document.open restores; choosing a standard turns it off, a standard refuses it), thumbnails? (each page drawn as a /Thumb image, 106 px on its long side), fastWebView? (a linearised file: the first page shows while the rest downloads; it stays linearised when encrypted), viewAfterSaving? (the app opens the written file), createLayers? (each layer and sublayer but template layers as a PDF layer, an optional content group listed under its layer's: hidden layers off, non-printing ones /PrintState /OFF, locked ones locked; needs 1.5 or later; they reopen as layers; choosing pdfX1a or pdfX3 turns it off; they refuse it), includeNonPrinting? (keep layers whose Print option is off; left out by default unless createLayers), flattenerPreset?: \"\" (High Resolution) | high | medium | low | a saved preset (flattener.presets.list): what PDF 1.3 files flatten transparency with, flattener?: {object.flattenTransparency options over it}, compression?: {color?, gray?: {downsample: none|average|subsample|bicubic, ppi: 300, abovePpi: 450, compression: none|zip|jpeg|jpeg2000|auto, quality: minimum|low|medium|high|maximum}, mono?: {downsample, ppi: 1200, abovePpi: 1800, compression: none|ccittG3|ccittG4|zip|runLength} (black-and-white images), compressText?: true} (images above abovePpi are resampled to ppi; auto keeps JPEGs JPEG, the others lossless; JPEG needs opaque images; none, jpeg2000, CCITT and runLength are written as ZIP with a warning), marks?: {trim, registration, colorBars, pageInfo, kind: roman|japanese, weight: 0.25 (trim marks and targets), offset: 6 (pt from the artboard, at least the bleed)} (printer's marks in [Registration], every plate: trim marks, registration targets mid-side, CMYK/spot/black-tint colour bars on top, page information (title, artboard, date UTC) below), bleed?: {useDocument (the document's bleed, document.setup), top, bottom, left, right} (pt; art in the bleed is kept). Each page: TrimBox = artboard, BleedBox = artboard + bleed, MediaBox = that + the marks' room (art clipped to the BleedBox), output?: {conversion: none (default)|destination (every colour into the destination profile's model, CMYK or RGB, also colours of that model in another profile)|preserveNumbers (only colours of the other model and Lab; those in the destination's model keep their numbers) (grey stays grey; images are converted too, printer's marks are not), destination: profile name (edit.colorSettings lists them; default: the document's profile for its colour mode), profiles: none (device colours)|all|destination|taggedSource (documents assigned a profile: edit.assignProfile) (ICC-based colours: CMYK with the destination or document CMYK profile, RGB as sRGB, grey with the sRGB tone curve; PDF/A always), outputIntent: profile name (embedded as the catalog's /GTS_PDFX output intent; a name that isn't a profile is only named, which pdfX1a and pdfX3 allow only with a registry and pdfX4 refuses; pdfX1a needs a CMYK one), outputCondition, outputConditionId (default: outputIntent), registry, trapped (/Trapped /True; /False when an output intent is written)} (PDF/A files keep their own output intent), advanced?: {fontSubsetPercent: 100 (below 100 is accepted with a warning: fonts are always embedded as subsets), outlineText: true (false: type as real, selectable and searchable text in embedded subset fonts with a ToUnicode map; fonts whose licence forbids embedding, or allows only whole fonts, stay outlines with a warning), overprint: preserve (overprinting fills and strokes set /OP /op true, /OPM 1; white ones knock out with document.setup discardWhiteOverprint)|discard (they knock out)}, security?: {openPassword, permissionsPassword, printing: none|low|high, changes: none|pages|forms|comments|any, copy, screenReader, plaintextMetadata}} → {path, bytes, warnings}; no path → {dataBase64, bytes, warnings}. The options apply over the preset (null keeps its value); options ac
Line truncated
             has_doc,
             export_pdf
         ),

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/save.rs

@@ -216,15 +216,20 @@ fn is_svg(f: &Format) -> bool {
     matches!(f.id, "svg" | "svgz")
 }
 
-/// The document as written: native files carry the view to reopen at.
+/// The document as written: native files carry the view to reopen at and the Layers panel's open
+/// rows.
 fn doc_to_save(st: &DocState, f: &Format) -> Arc<Document> {
-    if is_native(f) && st.doc.last_view != st.view {
-        let mut d = (*st.doc).clone();
-        d.last_view = st.view.clone();
-        Arc::new(d)
-    } else {
-        st.doc.clone()
+    if !is_native(f) {
+        return st.doc.clone();
     }
+    let open = st.layers_open.saved(&st.doc);
+    if st.doc.last_view == st.view && st.doc.layers_open == open {
+        return st.doc.clone();
+    }
+    let mut d = (*st.doc).clone();
+    d.last_view = st.view.clone();
+    d.layers_open = open;
+    Arc::new(d)
 }
 
 /// What a format loses against a native file (reported whenever a save writes it).
@@ -274,6 +279,7 @@ fn artboard_doc(doc: &Document, i: usize) -> Document {
     d.artboards = vec![a.clone()];
     // It opens fitted to its artboard, not at the master file's view.
     d.last_view = None;
+    d.layers_open = None;
     for layer in &mut d.layers {
         keep_on(layer, r);
     }
@@ -305,6 +311,40 @@ fn blank_pages(doc: &Document) -> Document {
 /// Why a `.ai` file saved without PDF content looks empty elsewhere.
 const NOT_PDF_COMPATIBLE: &str = "saved without PDF content: VectorCraft opens it as before, other apps show empty pages";
 
+/// The encoder's params for a `.ai` file, from a save's or an export's: a PDF of every artboard
+/// with the PDF options, always carrying the native document, its layers and sublayers PDF layers
+/// (hidden ones off) unless asked otherwise; Use Compression compresses the PDF's content.
+pub(super) fn ai_params(params: &mut Value) {
+    let Some(o) = params.as_object_mut() else { return };
+    o.extend([("preserveEditing".into(), json!(true)), ("range".into(), json!("all"))]);
+    // Apps that read the PDF part (not the native document) then find the layers, the hidden ones
+    // with their art (#372); a PDF standard decides for itself.
+    if o.get("standard").is_none_or(Value::is_null) {
+        o.entry("createLayers").or_insert(json!(true));
+    }
+    if let Some(c) = o.get("compress").and_then(Value::as_bool) {
+        let compression = o.entry("compression").or_insert_with(|| json!({}));
+        if let Some(m) = compression.as_object_mut() {
+            m.insert("compressText".into(), json!(c));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Encode `doc` as a PDF-compatible `.ai` file (`params` as [`ai_params`] makes them) for command
+/// `cmd`: its pages (blank with `pdfCompatible: false`, which it then notes), carrying the native
+/// document. File › Save As writes it, and so do the exports (`document.export`, the CLI).
+pub(super) fn encode_ai(cmd: &str, f: &Format, doc: &Document, params: &Value) -> Result<Encoded> {
+    let compatible = bool_or(params, "pdfCompatible", true);
+    let pages = doc.without_edit_modes();
+    let pages = if compatible { pages } else { std::borrow::Cow::Owned(blank_pages(&pages)) };
+    let native = || super::native::ai_native(cmd, f, doc, params);
+    let (bytes, mut warnings) = super::pdf::encode_carrying(cmd, &pages, params, native)?;
+    if !compatible {
+        warnings.insert(0, NOT_PDF_COMPATIBLE.to_string());
+    }
+    Ok(Encoded { warnings, ..Encoded::one(bytes) })
+}
+
 /// Snapshot the active document for `plan` (stamping File Info's dates when the file becomes the
 /// document's own). Bad options fail here, before anything is encoded.
 pub fn save_job(s: &mut Session, plan: SavePlan) -> Result<SaveJob> {
@@ -339,16 +379,8 @@ pub(crate) fn job_for(s: &Session, st: &DocState, plan: SavePlan) -> Result<Save
     }
     let boards = separate_boards(cmd, plan.format, &doc, &params)?;
     let mut params = super::pdf::expand_preset(s, cmd, &params)?.into_owned();
-    if let (Some(o), "ai") = (params.as_object_mut(), plan.format.id) {
-        // A PDF of every artboard with the PDF options, always carrying the native document.
-        o.extend([("preserveEditing".into(), json!(true)), ("range".into(), json!("all"))]);
-        // Use Compression compresses the PDF's content.
-        if let Some(c) = o.get("compress").and_then(Value::as_bool) {
-            let compression = o.entry("compression").or_insert_with(|| json!({}));
-            if let Some(m) = compression.as_object_mut() {
-                m.insert("compressText".into(), json!(c));
-            }
-        }
+    if plan.format.id == "ai" {
+        ai_params(&mut params);
     }
     Ok(SaveJob { plan, doc, params, snapshot: st.doc.clone(), boards })
 }
@@ -372,25 +404,14 @@ impl SaveJob {
             let one = self.encode_one(&artboard_doc(&self.doc, b))?;
             enc.files.extend(one.files.into_iter().map(|(_, bytes)| (Some(b), bytes)));
         }
-        let pdf_less = self.plan.format.id == "ai" && !bool_or(&self.params, "pdfCompatible", true);
-        let notes = fidelity_warning(self.plan.format).into_iter().chain(pdf_less.then(|| NOT_PDF_COMPATIBLE.to_string()));
-        enc.warnings.splice(0..0, notes);
+        enc.warnings.splice(0..0, fidelity_warning(self.plan.format));
         Ok(enc)
     }
 
     /// Encode one file of `doc` in the job's format.
     fn encode_one(&self, doc: &Document) -> Result<Encoded> {
         let (cmd, f) = (self.plan.mode.command(), self.plan.format);
-        let enc = if f.id == "ai" {
-            // The pages (blank without PDF content), carrying the native document.
-            let pages = doc.without_edit_modes();
-            let pages = if bool_or(&self.params, "pdfCompatible", true) { pages } else { std::borrow::Cow::Owned(blank_pages(&pages)) };
-            let native = || super::native::ai_native(cmd, f, doc, &self.params);
-            let (bytes, warnings) = super::pdf::encode_carrying(cmd, &pages, &self.params, native)?;
-            Encoded { warnings, ..Encoded::one(bytes) }
-        } else {
-            encode_all(doc, f.id, &self.params)?
-        };
+        let enc = if f.id == "ai" { encode_ai(cmd, f, doc, &self.params)? } else { encode_all(doc, f.id, &self.params)? };
         if enc.files.len() != 1 {
             return Err(bad(cmd, "Save writes one artboard: name one, or export several with document.export"));
         }
@@ -450,12 +471,17 @@ impl SaveJob {
     /// its own also ends its Data Recovery copy.
     pub fn complete(self, s: &mut Session, uid: u64) {
         let saved = self.plan.retargets() && self.plan.path.is_some();
+        // The other open documents that place this one show the new version.
+        let written = self.plan.path.clone().filter(|_| matches!(self.plan.format.id, "vectorcraft" | "template"));
         if let Some(st) = s.document_mut(uid) {
             self.finish(st);
         }
         if saved {
             crate::cmd::recovery::forget(s, uid);
         }
+        if let Some(path) = written {
+            crate::cmd::links::refresh_placed(s, uid, &path);
+        }
     }
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/screens.rs

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl Row {
             return Err(bad(C, "each format is an object {format, scale?, suffix?}"));
         }
         let format = writable(C, Some(str_param(row, "format").unwrap_or("png")), None)?;
-        if matches!(format.id, "vectorcraft" | "template" | "txt" | "dxf" | "eps" | "emf" | "wmf") {
+        if matches!(format.id, "vectorcraft" | "template" | "ai" | "txt" | "dxf" | "eps" | "emf" | "wmf") {
             return Err(bad(C, "Export for Screens writes png, png8, jpg, webp, gif, svg, svgz or pdf"));
         }
         // Vector formats have no pixel size: it doesn't apply and adds no @2x suffix (not even one

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/svg.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub const OPTIONS: &[FormatOption] = &[
         name: "useArtboards",
         ty: "boolean",
         default: "true",
-        description: "false: one SVG of the bounds of all art instead of artboards (several artboards write one file each)",
+        description: "false: one SVG of the bounds of all art instead of artboards (several artboards write one file each; a named artboard's file holds only the art over it)",
     },
     FormatOption {
         name: "styling",
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub const OPTIONS: &[FormatOption] = &[
         name: "hiddenLayers",
         ty: "boolean",
         default: "false",
-        description: "keep hidden layers, not displayed (display:none); document.save sets it unless given",
+        description: "keep hidden layers and objects, not displayed (display=\"none\"); document.save sets it unless given",
     },
     FormatOption {
         name: "encoding",
@@ -125,8 +125,10 @@ pub fn options_map(p: &Value) -> Result<Map<String, Value>, String> {
     Ok(m)
 }
 
-/// The writer options and the artboards (`None`: the art bounds) an SVG export of `doc` covers.
-fn plan(doc: &Document, p: &Value) -> Result<(ExportOptions, Vec<Option<usize>>), String> {
+/// The writer options and the artboards (`None`: the art bounds) an SVG export of `doc` covers,
+/// and whether `p` named those artboards (else the first stands for the whole document, as Save
+/// writes it).
+fn plan(doc: &Document, p: &Value) -> Result<(ExportOptions, Vec<Option<usize>>, bool), String> {
     let mut m = options_map(p)?;
     // Fonts: unless chosen, Document Setup → Type → Export decides (appearance = outlines).
     if !m.contains_key("outlineText") && doc.setup.export_text == vectorcraft_doc::ExportText::Appearance {
@@ -138,21 +140,24 @@ fn plan(doc: &Document, p: &Value) -> Result<(ExportOptions, Vec<Option<usize>>)
     opts.check().map_err(|e| format!("SVG options: {e}"))?;
     let n = doc.artboards.len();
     if n == 0 || boards.use_artboards == Some(false) {
-        return Ok((opts, vec![None]));
+        return Ok((opts, vec![None], false));
     }
-    let picked = boards.pick.resolve(n)?.unwrap_or_else(|| vec![0]);
-    Ok((opts, picked.into_iter().map(Some).collect()))
+    let named = boards.pick.resolve(n)?;
+    let chosen = named.is_some();
+    Ok((opts, named.unwrap_or_else(|| vec![0]).into_iter().map(Some).collect(), chosen))
 }
 
 /// Encode `doc` as SVG (or gzipped, SVGZ): one file per chosen artboard, with the images they
 /// link to and the writer's warnings.
 pub(super) fn encode(doc: &Document, p: &Value, compressed: bool) -> Result<Encoded, String> {
-    let (opts, boards) = plan(doc, p)?;
+    let (opts, boards, chosen) = plan(doc, p)?;
     // Preserve editing embeds the native document (once, shared by every file).
     let native = opts.preserve_editing.then(|| vectorcraft_format::save(doc, false));
     let mut enc = Encoded::default();
     for artboard in boards {
-        let mut out = vectorcraft_svg::export_full(doc, &ExportOptions { artboard, ..opts.clone() }, native.as_deref());
+        // A chosen artboard's file holds the art over it (#550).
+        let over = artboard.filter(|_| chosen).and_then(|b| doc.artboards.get(b)).map(|a| super::export::art_over(doc, a.rect));
+        let mut out = vectorcraft_svg::export_full(over.as_ref().unwrap_or(doc), &ExportOptions { artboard, ..opts.clone() }, native.as_deref());
         let bytes = out.take_bytes();
         for l in out.linked {
             if !enc.linked.iter().any(|e| e.name == l.name) {

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests.rs

@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ fn export_extensions_name_every_writable_format() {
             "svg",
             "svgz",
             "pdf",
+            "ai",
             "png",
             "jpg",
             "gif",
@@ -206,6 +207,7 @@ fn formats_query_lists_readers_writers_and_options() {
             "svg",
             "svgz",
             "pdf",
+            "ai",
             "png",
             "jpg",
             "gif",

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_epsimport.rs

@@ -92,6 +92,22 @@ fn postscript_ai_files_and_garbage() {
     assert_eq!((&r["format"], &r["restored"]), (&json!("ai"), &json!(false)), "{r}");
     assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().path, None);
     assert_eq!(objects(&s), 1);
+    // Illustrator's groups come in as groups, nested as they were.
+    let ai = b"%!PS-Adobe-3.0
+%%Creator: Adobe Illustrator(R) 8.0
+%%BoundingBox: 0 0 100 100
+%%EndComments
+               /u {} def /U {} def /L {lineto} def /f {closepath fill} def
+               u 0 0 moveto 9 0 L 9 9 L f u 20 0 moveto 29 0 L 29 9 L f 40 0 moveto 49 0 L 49 9 L f U U
+showpage
+%%EOF
+";
+    open(&mut s, "groups.ai", ai).unwrap();
+    let d = s.doc().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let outer = &d.layers[0].children().unwrap()[0];
+    let inner = outer.children().map(|c| (c.len(), c[1].children().map(Vec::len))).unwrap();
+    assert!(matches!(outer.kind, vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind::Group { clip: false, .. }), "{:?}", outer.kind);
+    assert_eq!(inner, (2, Some(2)));
     // A .ait one opens as a new untitled document.
     let r = open(&mut s, "legacy.ait", ps).unwrap();
     assert!(r["title"].as_str().unwrap().starts_with("Untitled"), "{r}");

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_pdfedit.rs

@@ -118,6 +118,27 @@ fn ai_files_are_pdfs_that_save_and_reopen_editable() {
     assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().path, None);
 }
 
+/// #526: the exports (`document.export`, the CLI's `--export` and `convert`) write `.ai` as Save
+/// As does, leaving the document's own path alone.
+#[test]
+fn exports_write_ai_as_save_as_does() {
+    let mut s = rich();
+    let before = comparable(&s.doc().unwrap().doc);
+    let path = tmp("exported.ai");
+    let r = s.execute("document.export", &json!({"path": path})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(r["format"], "ai", "{r}");
+    let bytes = std::fs::read(&path).unwrap();
+    assert!(bytes.starts_with(b"%PDF") && vectorcraft_pdf::editing(&bytes).is_some_and(|e| e.intact), "PDF-compatible, carrying the document");
+    assert_eq!(s.doc().unwrap().path, None, "an export doesn't give the document a path");
+    let r = s.execute("document.open", &json!({"path": path})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!((&r["format"], &r["restored"]), (&json!("ai"), &json!(true)), "{r}");
+    assert_eq!(comparable(&s.doc().unwrap().doc), before);
+    // Its options as Save As takes them; no path gives the bytes.
+    let r = s.execute("document.export", &json!({"format": "ai", "pdfCompatible": false})).unwrap();
+    assert!(r["warnings"].as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|w| w.as_str().is_some_and(|w| w.contains("without PDF content"))), "{r}");
+    assert!(b64(&r).starts_with(b"%PDF"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn ait_templates_open_their_document_untitled() {
     let mut s = rich();

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_pdflayers.rs

@@ -59,3 +59,35 @@ fn export_pdf_overprint_is_preserved_or_discarded() {
     assert_eq!(overprints(&mut s, json!({"compression": {"compressText": false}})), 1);
     assert_eq!(overprints(&mut s, json!({"advanced": {"overprint": "discard"}})), 0);
 }
+
+/// A `.ai` file's PDF part, which apps that don't read the native document open, has the layers
+/// and sublayers as PDF layers, the hidden ones with their art (#372).
+#[test]
+fn ai_files_write_their_layers_and_sublayers_as_pdf_layers() {
+    let mut s = session();
+    let layer1 = s.execute("document.inspect", &json!({})).unwrap()["layers"][1]["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    let sub = s.execute("layer.newSublayer", &json!({"parent": layer1, "name": "Sketch"})).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.setCurrent", &json!({"id": sub})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 40, "width": 20, "height": 20})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.setProps", &json!({"id": sub, "visible": false})).unwrap();
+    // Name, shown and what it holds (sublayers by name), top-level layers in paint order.
+    fn rows(layers: &[std::sync::Arc<vectorcraft_doc::Node>]) -> Vec<(String, bool, Vec<String>)> {
+        layers
+            .iter()
+            .map(|l| {
+                let held =
+                    l.children().into_iter().flatten().map(|c| c.name.clone().filter(|_| c.is_layer()).unwrap_or_else(|| "art".into())).collect();
+                (l.name.clone().unwrap_or_default(), l.visible, held)
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+    let v = s.execute("document.export", &json!({"format": "ai"})).unwrap();
+    let back = vectorcraft_pdf::import(&b64(&v)).unwrap();
+    let art = || "art".to_string();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&back.layers), [("Layer 1".to_string(), true, vec![art(), "Sketch".into()]), ("Notes".to_string(), false, vec![art()])]);
+    let sketch = back.layers.first().and_then(|l| l.children()?.last().cloned()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(rows(&[sketch]), [("Sketch".to_string(), false, vec![art()])]);
+    // Asked not to, it writes none.
+    let v = s.execute("document.export", &json!({"format": "ai", "createLayers": false})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(vectorcraft_pdf::import(&b64(&v)).unwrap().layers.len(), 1);
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/fileio/tests_svgenc.rs

@@ -49,3 +49,28 @@ fn profile_and_embedded_fonts_reach_the_writer() {
     assert!(s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg", "svg": {"profile": "svg2"}})).is_err(), "unknown profiles are refused");
     assert!(s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg", "encoding": "ebcdic"})).is_err(), "unknown encodings are refused");
 }
+
+/// #550: an SVG of chosen artboards holds the art over each, not every artboard's art; with no
+/// artboard named (as Save writes it) the whole document's art is there.
+#[test]
+fn a_chosen_artboard_s_svg_holds_only_its_own_art() {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 100, "height": 100, "artboards": 3})).unwrap();
+    let x = |s: &Session, b: usize| s.doc().unwrap().doc.artboards[b].rect.x0;
+    let (first, third) = (x(&s, 0), x(&s, 2));
+    s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": first + 10.0, "y": 10, "width": 30, "height": 30})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("shape.ellipse", &json!({"x": third + 10.0, "y": 10, "width": 30, "height": 30})).unwrap();
+    // A rectangle has straight sides only; the ellipse is curves.
+    let shapes = |svg: &str| (svg.matches("<path").count() + svg.matches("<rect").count(), svg.contains(" C") || svg.contains("<ellipse"));
+    let text = |v: &serde_json::Value| v["text"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+    let third_only = text(&s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg", "useArtboards": true, "range": "3"})).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(shapes(&third_only), (1, true), "{third_only}");
+    let all = s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg", "useArtboards": true, "range": "all"})).unwrap();
+    let files: Vec<String> = all["files"].as_array().unwrap().iter().map(text).collect();
+    assert_eq!(files.iter().map(|f| shapes(f)).collect::<Vec<_>>(), [(1, false), (0, false), (1, true)]);
+    // Export for Screens names one artboard at a time the same way.
+    let screen = text(&s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg", "artboard": 0})).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(shapes(&screen), (1, false));
+    let whole = text(&s.execute("document.serialize", &json!({"format": "svg"})).unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(shapes(&whole).0, 2, "nothing named: the whole document's art");
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/flatten.rs

@@ -1185,6 +1185,8 @@ impl Scratch {
                 let art = self.doc.symbols.iter().find(|s| &s.name == symbol).map(|s| vectorcraft_render::instance_art(&s.art, n));
                 art.and_then(|a| effects::outline_art(n, Some(&a))).map(|g| carry(n, g))
             }
+            // A placed document stays one: its art's resources aren't the document's.
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_) => None,
             NodeKind::Blend { .. } | NodeKind::Envelope { .. } | NodeKind::Repeat(_) => {
                 let hook: &dyn Fn(&Node) -> Option<Node> = &effects::outline_text;
                 Some(carry(n, vectorcraft_doc::live::expanded_group(n, Some(hook))))

crates/engine/src/cmd/inline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//! Inline graphics in text: document symbols placed in a run of text, flowing like a glyph
+//! (beyond Illustrator; InDesign's inline anchored objects). See [`vectorcraft_doc::InlineArt`].
+
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use vectorcraft_doc::text::INLINE_MAX_SCALE;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, InlineArt, NodeId, NodeKind, TextRun};
+use vectorcraft_text::edit;
+
+use super::typecmd::refresh_bounds;
+use super::*;
+
+pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
+    vec![cmd!(
+        "text.insertInline",
+        "Insert Inline Symbol",
+        ["Type"],
+        None,
+        "{id?: text id (default: the text the Type tool edits), at?: byte offset (default: the Type tool's selection, which it replaces; clamped to the text), symbol?: symbol name (default: the Symbols panel's current symbol), scale?: art height ÷ font size = 1 (0 < scale ≤ 100), shift?: pt raise = 0} place a document symbol inline in the text as one character (U+FFFC) that flows like a glyph: its art is scaled to `scale` × the font size tall, its vertical centre on the middle of the cap height raised by `shift`. Typing, Backspace and Delete over it remove it whole → {id, caret}",
+        has_doc,
+        insert_inline
+    )]
+}
+
+/// Inline graphics follow their symbols: after an edit of a document that has (or had) symbols,
+/// resolve the inline art of every text again (only texts whose art changed are touched).
+pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) {
+    if before.symbols.is_empty() && d.symbols.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    for id in d.resolve_inline_art() {
+        if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
+            refresh_bounds(t);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn insert_inline(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "text.insertInline";
+    let tool = s.tool_options();
+    let editing = tool.get("editing").and_then(Value::as_u64).map(NodeId);
+    let id = match p.get("id") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => editing.ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "give `id` (no text is being edited)"))?,
+        Some(_) => id_param(p, "id").ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "`id` must be a node id"))?,
+    };
+    let doc = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    let NodeKind::Text(t) = &doc.node(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?.kind else {
+        return Err(bad(C, format!("node {} is not text", id.0)));
+    };
+    let len = edit::runs_len(&t.runs);
+    let from_tool = editing == Some(id);
+    let (a, b) = match p.get("at") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) if from_tool => {
+            let g = |k: &str| tool.get(k).and_then(Value::as_u64).map_or(len, |v| (v as usize).min(len));
+            let (x, y) = (g("start"), g("end"));
+            (x.min(y), x.max(y))
+        }
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => (len, len),
+        Some(v) => {
+            let at = v.as_u64().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "`at` must be a byte offset"))?.min(len as u64) as usize;
+            (at, at)
+        }
+    };
+    let symbol = match str_param(p, "symbol") {
+        Some(n) if doc.symbols.iter().any(|s| s.name == n) => n.to_string(),
+        Some(n) => return Err(bad(C, format!("no symbol named `{n}`"))),
+        None if p.get("symbol").is_some_and(|v| !v.is_null()) => return Err(bad(C, "`symbol` must be a symbol name")),
+        None => current_symbol(doc).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("the document has no symbols".into()))?,
+    };
+    let scale = match p.get("scale") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => 1.0,
+        Some(v) => v
+            .as_f64()
+            .filter(|k| k.is_finite() && *k > 0.0 && *k <= INLINE_MAX_SCALE)
+            .ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "`scale` must be a number in (0, 100]"))?,
+    };
+    let shift = match p.get("shift") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => 0.0,
+        Some(v) => v.as_f64().filter(|k| k.is_finite() && k.abs() <= 1e5).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "`shift` must be a number of points"))?,
+    };
+    // A typing session ends first: the insertion is a step of its own.
+    let typing = tool.get("typing").and_then(Value::as_bool) == Some(true);
+    if typing && from_tool {
+        s.set_tool_option("commitTyping", &Value::Bool(true));
+        s.commit_interaction()?;
+    }
+    let caret = s.edit("Insert Inline Symbol", |d, _| {
+        let mut art = InlineArt { scale, baseline_shift: shift, ..InlineArt::new(symbol.clone()) };
+        art.bounds = d.symbol_art_bounds(&symbol);
+        let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { return Err(EngineError::NoNode(id)) };
+        let style = edit::insertion_style(&t.runs, a, b);
+        let caret = edit::replace_range_styled(&mut t.runs, a, b, &[TextRun::inline(art, style)]);
+        refresh_bounds(t);
+        Ok(caret)
+    })?;
+    if from_tool {
+        s.set_tool_option("select", &json!({"start": caret, "end": caret}));
+    }
+    Ok(json!({"id": id.0, "caret": caret}))
+}
+
+/// The Symbols panel's current symbol, else the first one.
+fn current_symbol(d: &Document) -> Option<String> {
+    d.unknown
+        .get("currentSymbol")
+        .and_then(Value::as_str)
+        .filter(|n| d.symbols.iter().any(|s| s.name == *n))
+        .map(str::to_string)
+        .or_else(|| d.symbols.first().map(|s| s.name.clone()))
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/layer.rs

@@ -735,14 +735,16 @@ fn artboard_new(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn artboard_delete(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let i = p.get("index").and_then(Value::as_u64).ok_or_else(|| bad("artboard.delete", "missing index"))? as usize;
-    s.edit("Delete Artboard", |d, _| {
+    s.edit("Delete Artboard", |d, sel| {
         if d.artboards.len() <= 1 {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("a document needs at least one artboard".into()));
         }
         if i >= d.artboards.len() {
             return Err(EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()));
         }
-        d.artboards.remove(i);
+        // Its guides go with it.
+        let id = d.artboards.remove(i).id;
+        d.retain_guides(sel, |_, g| g.artboard != Some(id));
         Ok(())
     })?;
     ok()
@@ -752,10 +754,16 @@ fn artboard_set(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let i = p.get("index").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0) as usize;
     s.edit("Artboard Options", |d, _| {
         let a = d.artboards.get_mut(i).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+        let was = a.rect;
         a.rect = rect_from(p, a.rect);
         if let Some(n) = str_param(p, "name") {
             a.name = n.to_string();
         }
+        // Moved (not resized), it takes its guides along.
+        let (id, now) = (a.id, a.rect);
+        if (now.width() - was.width()).abs() <= 1e-6 && (now.height() - was.height()).abs() <= 1e-6 {
+            d.move_artboard_guides(id, now.origin() - was.origin());
+        }
         Ok(())
     })?;
     ok()

crates/engine/src/cmd/links.rs

@@ -16,13 +16,17 @@
 //! selects one (`links.goTo`), Embed keeps a linked file's pixels in the document
 //! (`links.embed`) and Unembed writes an embedded image to a file it then links to
 //! (`links.unembed`).
+//!
+//! Placed documents ([`PlacedDocument`], VectorCraft documents placed with Link) link to their
+//! files the same way: checking, updating, relinking and finding them on open work alike, and they
+//! are listed. Embed (Break Link) turns one into an editable copy of its art.
 
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::path::{Component, Path};
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::links::{Align, Preserve, hash_bytes};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, ImageBlob, ImageObject, LinkInfo, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, PlacementOptions};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, ImageBlob, ImageObject, LinkInfo, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, PlacedDocument, PlacementOptions};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect, shapes};
 
 use super::fileio::{self, RasterImage, absolute_path, file_created, file_stamp, read_file, write_file};
@@ -35,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Check Links",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [image ids] (default: every linked image)} where each linked file is and whether it changed since it was read → {links: [{name, path, status: ok|modified|missing, ids, found?: path (found away from its path: relative to the document, or by name in its folder), preview: true (showing the low-resolution preview, not the file)}], missing, modified}",
+            "{ids?: [image or placed document ids] (default: every linked image and placed document)} where each linked file is and whether it changed since it was read → {links: [{name, path, status: ok|modified|missing, ids, found?: path (found away from its path: relative to the document, or by name in its folder), preview: true (showing the low-resolution preview, not the file)}], missing, modified}",
             has_doc,
             check
         ),
@@ -44,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Update Links",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [image ids] (default: the linked images whose file was modified or is showing its preview)} read their linked files again; each image keeps its bounds. One undo step → {updated: [ids], missing: [ids]}",
+            "{ids?: [image or placed document ids] (default: the linked images whose file was modified or is showing its preview, and placed documents whose file was modified)} read their linked files again; each keeps its bounds. One undo step → {updated: [ids], missing: [ids]}",
             has_doc,
             update
         ),
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Relink",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [image ids] (default: the selected images; with folder and nothing selected, every missing link), path | folder} link images to the file at path, or each to the file of its link's name in folder; embedded images become linked; each keeps its bounds. One undo step → {relinked: [ids], notFound: [file names]}",
+            "{ids?: [image or placed document ids] (default: the selected ones; with folder and nothing selected, every missing link), path | folder} link images (or placed documents, each showing the same artboard of the new file) to the file at path, or each to the file of its link's name in folder; embedded images become linked; each keeps its bounds. One undo step → {relinked: [ids], notFound: [file names]}",
             has_doc,
             relink
         ),
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Links",
             [],
             None,
-            "{show?: all (default)|missing|modified|embedded, sort?: name|kind (file format)|status (missing, modified, ok, embedded); default: stacking order, top first} every image object in the layers, as the Links panel lists them → {links: [{id, name, linked, status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, path?, found?: path (found away from its path), page?, preview?: true (showing the saved preview)}], missing, modified, embedded}",
+            "{show?: all (default)|missing|modified|embedded, sort?: name|kind (file format)|status (missing, modified, ok, embedded); default: stacking order, top first} every image object and placed document in the layers, as the Links panel lists them → {links: [{id, name, linked, status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, path?, found?: path (found away from its path), page?, preview?: true (showing the saved preview), document?: true (a placed document: pageWidth and pageHeight in pt instead of pixels)}], missing, modified, embedded}",
             has_doc,
             list
         ),
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Go To Link",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?} select image `id` (default: the first selected image); the Links panel scrolls it into view → {id, bounds: [x0, y0, x1, y1]}",
+            "{id?} select image or placed document `id` (default: the first selected one); the Links panel scrolls it into view → {id, bounds: [x0, y0, x1, y1]}",
             has_doc,
             go_to
         ),
@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Embed Image",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [image ids] (default: the selected linked images)} keep the linked files' pixels in the document and drop the links (an image whose file can't be found and that shows the saved preview stays linked: relink it first). One undo step → {embedded: [ids], missing: [ids]}",
+            "{ids?: [image or placed document ids] (default: the selected linked ones)} break the links (the Links panel's Break Link): images keep the linked files' pixels in the document; a placed document becomes an editable copy of its art, as placing its file without link gives (its symbols, patterns, swatches and images joining the document). An image whose file can't be found and that shows the saved preview, or a placed document whose file can't be read or changed, stays linked: relink or update it first. One undo step → {embedded: [ids], missing: [ids]}",
             has_doc,
             embed
         ),
@@ -98,7 +102,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Link Info",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?} an image's Link Info (default: the one selected) → image.info's fields (id, name, linked, link, colorMode, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, width, height) and status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, ppi: [x, y] (the file's), effectivePpi: [x, y] (at its placed size), scale: [x%, y%] (of its 100% size), rotation (degrees, counter-clockwise), placement: {preserve, align, clip}; linked images also fileName, location (its folder), page?, fileSize? (bytes), modified?, created? (ms since the Unix epoch)",
+            "{id?} an image's or placed document's Link Info (default: the one selected) → image.info's fields (id, name, linked, link, colorMode, pixelWidth, pixelHeight, width, height) and status: ok|modified|missing|embedded, format, ppi: [x, y] (the file's), effectivePpi: [x, y] (at its placed size), scale: [x%, y%] (of its 100% size), rotation (degrees, counter-clockwise), placement: {preserve, align, clip}; linked images also fileName, location (its folder), page?, fileSize? (bytes), modified?, created? (ms since the Unix epoch); a placed document has document: true, pageWidth and pageHeight (pt) instead of pixels, ppi and colorMode, and its scale is of its artboard's 100% size",
             has_doc,
             info
         ),
@@ -107,7 +111,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Placement Options",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?: [image ids] (default: the selected images), preserve?: transforms|bounds (default)|fileDimensions|fit|fill, align?: topLeft|top|topRight|left|center (default)|right|bottomLeft|bottom|bottomRight (where the new art sits; not for bounds), clip?: false (clip it to the old bounds where it is larger)} how a file read again (links.relink, links.update) takes each image's place: transforms keeps its scale (relative to each file's 100% size), rotation and position; bounds stretches it into the old bounds; fileDimensions puts it at 100%, unrotated; fit and fill scale it proportionally to fit inside or cover the old bounds. Without options → {placement} of the first image; else one undo step → {ids, placement}",
+            "{ids?: [image or placed document ids] (default: the selected ones), preserve?: transforms|bounds (default)|fileDimensions|fit|fill, align?: topLeft|top|topRight|left|center (default)|right|bottomLeft|bottom|bottomRight (where the new art sits; not for bounds), clip?: false (clip it to the old bounds where it is larger)} how a file read again (links.relink, links.update) takes each image's place: transforms keeps its scale (relative to each file's 100% size), rotation and position; bounds stretches it into the old bounds; fileDimensions puts it at 100%, unrotated; fit and fill scale it proportionally to fit inside or cover the old bounds. Without options → {placement} of the first image; else one undo step → {ids, placement}",
             has_doc,
             placement_options
         ),
@@ -134,22 +138,34 @@ impl Status {
     }
 }
 
-/// The image objects that show one linked file as one content (same path, same image).
+/// The image objects that show one linked file as one content (same path, same image), or the
+/// placed documents that show one artboard of it.
 struct Group {
     link: LinkInfo,
     key: String,
     /// The objects in the layers (images in symbols and patterns share the content, not an id).
     ids: Vec<NodeId>,
+    /// Placed documents: whether the art's bounds (not the artboard) are shown.
+    document: Option<bool>,
 }
 
-/// The linked images of `d` by file and content: those in the layers (only `ids` when given), then,
-/// without `ids`, the ones only symbols and patterns show.
+/// The linked object `n` as (link, content key, placed document's bounding).
+fn linked(n: &Node) -> Option<(&LinkInfo, &str, Option<bool>)> {
+    match &n.kind {
+        NodeKind::Image(im) => Some((im.link.as_ref()?, &im.key, None)),
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some((&p.link, &p.key, Some(p.bounding))),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The linked images and placed documents of `d` by file and content: those in the layers (only `ids` when
+/// given), then, without `ids`, the ones only symbols and patterns show.
 fn groups(d: &Document, ids: Option<&[NodeId]>) -> Vec<Group> {
     let mut out: Vec<Group> = vec![];
-    let mut index: BTreeMap<(String, String), usize> = BTreeMap::new();
-    let mut add = |link: &LinkInfo, key: &str, id: Option<NodeId>| {
-        let i = *index.entry((link.path.clone(), key.to_string())).or_insert_with(|| {
-            out.push(Group { link: link.clone(), key: key.to_string(), ids: vec![] });
+    let mut index: BTreeMap<(String, String, bool), usize> = BTreeMap::new();
+    let mut add = |link: &LinkInfo, key: &str, document: Option<bool>, id: Option<NodeId>| {
+        let i = *index.entry((link.path.clone(), key.to_string(), document.is_some())).or_insert_with(|| {
+            out.push(Group { link: link.clone(), key: key.to_string(), ids: vec![], document });
             out.len() - 1
         });
         if let (Some(id), Some(g)) = (id, out.get_mut(i)) {
@@ -157,19 +173,19 @@ fn groups(d: &Document, ids: Option<&[NodeId]>) -> Vec<Group> {
         }
     };
     d.walk(|n| {
-        if let NodeKind::Image(im) = &n.kind
-            && let Some(l) = &im.link
+        if let Some((l, key, document)) = linked(n)
             && ids.is_none_or(|ids| ids.contains(&n.id))
         {
-            add(l, &im.key, Some(n.id));
+            add(l, key, document, Some(n.id));
         }
     });
     if ids.is_none() {
         d.visit_images(|_, im| {
             if let Some(l) = &im.link {
-                add(l, &im.key, None);
+                add(l, &im.key, None, None);
             }
         });
+        d.visit_placed(|_, p| add(&p.link, &p.key, Some(p.bounding), None));
     }
     out
 }
@@ -238,7 +254,7 @@ fn probe(g: &Group, dir: Option<&Path>) -> (Status, Option<Found>) {
     let same = match &l.hash {
         Some(h) => *h == hash_bytes(&bytes),
         // Linked before links kept a hash: the image the file decodes to.
-        None => fileio::raster_image(&bytes).is_ok_and(|img| img.key == g.key),
+        None => g.document.is_none() && fileio::raster_image(&bytes).is_ok_and(|img| img.key == g.key),
     };
     f.bytes = Some(bytes);
     (if same { Status::Ok } else { Status::Modified }, Some(f))
@@ -254,6 +270,15 @@ fn previewing(d: &Document, key: &str) -> bool {
     d.images.get(key).is_none_or(ImageBlob::is_proxy)
 }
 
+/// Does group `g` of `d` show something other than its file: an image its preview, a placed
+/// document nothing (its file's bytes are gone)?
+fn stale(d: &Document, g: &Group) -> bool {
+    match g.document {
+        None => previewing(d, &g.key),
+        Some(_) => !d.images.contains_key(&g.key),
+    }
+}
+
 /// A linked file of a document (File → Package): its path, name and bytes.
 pub(crate) struct LinkedFile {
     pub path: String,
@@ -301,6 +326,51 @@ fn read_image(f: &mut Found, base: &LinkInfo) -> Result<FileRead> {
     Ok((f.link(&bytes, base), fileio::raster_image(&bytes)?))
 }
 
+/// A linked file read for the objects that show it.
+enum Read {
+    Image(FileRead),
+    /// A VectorCraft document read for placed documents: the link to it and what they show.
+    Document(LinkInfo, super::place::document::Source),
+}
+
+/// The file at `f` read for group `g`: its image, or the artboard `g` shows.
+fn read_for(f: &mut Found, g: &Group, cmd: &str) -> Result<Read> {
+    let Some(bounding) = g.document else { return read_image(f, &g.link).map(Read::Image) };
+    let bytes = f.read()?;
+    let page = g.link.page.unwrap_or(1);
+    let src = super::place::document::source(&f.path, &bytes, Some(&f.path), page, bounding, cmd)?;
+    Ok(Read::Document(f.link(&bytes, &g.link), src))
+}
+
+/// Objects `ids` show what was read (see [`install`], [`install_document`]).
+fn install_read(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId], read: Read, keep_bounds: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    match read {
+        Read::Image(r) => install(d, ids, r, keep_bounds),
+        Read::Document(link, src) => install_document(d, ids, &link, &src, keep_bounds),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Placed documents `ids` show `src`, read from the file `link` points at, each placed as its
+/// Placement Options say (`keep_bounds`: in its bounds, whatever they say).
+fn install_document(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId], link: &LinkInfo, src: &super::place::document::Source, keep_bounds: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut clips = vec![];
+    let (w, h) = (src.frame.width(), src.frame.height());
+    for id in ids {
+        let Some(NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p)) = d.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind) else { continue };
+        let o = if keep_bounds { PlacementOptions { preserve: Preserve::Bounds, ..p.placement } } else { p.placement };
+        let (xf, clip) = placed_xf(p.xf, (p.width, p.height), (1.0, 1.0), (w, h), (1.0, 1.0), o);
+        if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
+            && let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &mut n.kind
+        {
+            let p: &mut PlacedDocument = p;
+            (p.key, p.width, p.height, p.xf, p.link) = (src.key.clone(), w, h, xf, link.clone());
+        }
+        clips.extend(clip.map(|c| (*id, c)));
+    }
+    super::place::document::store(d, src);
+    clips.into_iter().try_for_each(|(id, clip)| clip_image(d, id, clip))
+}
+
 /// Points per pixel of the file image `key` of `d` shows, at the resolution it declares (72 ppi
 /// when it declares none, or when only its preview is loaded).
 fn file_pt(d: &Document, key: &str) -> (f64, f64) {
@@ -318,9 +388,10 @@ type Clip = (Affine, (f64, f64));
 
 /// The transform an image placed with `xf` showing `old` pixels (`old_pt`: points per pixel at
 /// 100%) gives a new file of `new` pixels (`new_pt`), as Placement Options `o` say; and the clip
-/// when `o.clip` and the new art overflows the old bounds.
-fn placed_xf(xf: Affine, old: (u32, u32), old_pt: (f64, f64), new: (u32, u32), new_pt: (f64, f64), o: PlacementOptions) -> (Affine, Option<Clip>) {
-    let (ow, oh, nw, nh) = (old.0 as f64, old.1 as f64, new.0.max(1) as f64, new.1.max(1) as f64);
+/// when `o.clip` and the new art overflows the old bounds. (A placed document's "pixels" are points,
+/// one point each.)
+fn placed_xf(xf: Affine, old: (f64, f64), old_pt: (f64, f64), new: (f64, f64), new_pt: (f64, f64), o: PlacementOptions) -> (Affine, Option<Clip>) {
+    let (ow, oh, nw, nh) = (old.0, old.1, new.0.max(1e-9), new.1.max(1e-9));
     let [a, b, c, d, ..] = xf.as_coeffs();
     // The bounds' frame: the transform without its scale (rotation, reflection and position).
     let (su, sv) = (a.hypot(b), c.hypot(d));
@@ -388,7 +459,8 @@ fn install(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId], (link, img): FileRead, keep_bounds:
     for id in ids {
         let Some(NodeKind::Image(im)) = d.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind) else { continue };
         let o = if keep_bounds { PlacementOptions { preserve: Preserve::Bounds, ..im.placement } } else { im.placement };
-        let (xf, clip) = placed_xf(im.xf, (im.width, im.height), file_pt(d, &im.key), (img.width, img.height), new_pt, o);
+        let size = |w: u32, h: u32| (w as f64, h as f64);
+        let (xf, clip) = placed_xf(im.xf, size(im.width, im.height), file_pt(d, &im.key), size(img.width, img.height), new_pt, o);
         if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
             && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &mut n.kind
         {
@@ -436,11 +508,34 @@ pub fn resolve(d: &mut Document, doc_path: Option<&str>, update: bool) -> Resolv
         let row = rows(std::iter::once(&g));
         match probe(&g, folder(doc_path)) {
             (Status::Missing, _) => out.missing.extend(row),
-            (Status::Modified, Some(mut f)) if update => match read_image(&mut f, &g.link).and_then(|read| install(d, &g.ids, read, false)) {
-                Ok(()) => out.updated.extend(row),
-                Err(_) => out.missing.extend(row),
-            },
+            (Status::Modified, Some(mut f)) if update => {
+                match read_for(&mut f, &g, "document.open").and_then(|read| install_read(d, &g.ids, read, false)) {
+                    Ok(()) => out.updated.extend(row),
+                    Err(_) => out.missing.extend(row),
+                }
+            }
             (Status::Modified, _) => out.modified.extend(row),
+            // A placed document keeps its file's bytes: only lost ones are read again.
+            (Status::Ok, Some(mut f)) if g.document.is_some() => {
+                let read = if stale(d, &g) { Some(read_for(&mut f, &g, "document.open")) } else { None };
+                match read {
+                    Some(Ok(read)) => {
+                        if install_read(d, &g.ids, read, true).is_err() {
+                            out.missing.extend(row);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Some(Err(_)) => out.missing.extend(row),
+                    None => {
+                        let link = match f.bytes.take() {
+                            Some(b) => f.link(&b, &g.link),
+                            None => LinkInfo { path: f.path.clone(), ..g.link.clone() },
+                        };
+                        if link != g.link {
+                            set_links(d, &g.ids, &link);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             (Status::Ok, Some(mut f)) => {
                 let preview = previewing(d, &g.key);
                 // Read when the images show the preview, or when the file's details changed.
@@ -471,17 +566,58 @@ pub fn resolve(d: &mut Document, doc_path: Option<&str>, update: bool) -> Resolv
     out
 }
 
-/// Image objects `ids` link to `link`.
+/// The link of linked object `n` (a linked image or a placed document) to change.
+fn link_mut(n: &mut Node) -> Option<&mut LinkInfo> {
+    match &mut n.kind {
+        NodeKind::Image(im) => im.link.as_mut(),
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some(&mut p.link),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Linked image objects (or placed documents) `ids` link to `link`.
 fn set_links(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId], link: &LinkInfo) {
     for id in ids {
-        if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
-            && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &mut n.kind
-        {
-            im.link = Some(link.clone());
+        if let Some(l) = d.node_mut(*id).and_then(link_mut) {
+            *l = link.clone();
         }
     }
 }
 
+/// Placed documents of the document saved at `path` (document `saved` of `s`) in the other open
+/// documents: read again from the new file, each as one Update Links step of its document.
+pub(crate) fn refresh_placed(s: &mut Session, saved: u64, path: &str) {
+    let path = absolute_path(path);
+    let targets: Vec<(usize, Vec<u64>)> = s
+        .documents()
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, st)| st.uid != saved)
+        .filter_map(|(i, st)| {
+            let mut ids = vec![];
+            st.doc.walk(|n| {
+                if let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &n.kind
+                    && p.link.path == path
+                {
+                    ids.push(n.id.0);
+                }
+            });
+            (!ids.is_empty()).then_some((i, ids))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    if targets.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+    // Each document is updated as the active one, without switching tools.
+    let back = s.active;
+    for (i, ids) in targets {
+        s.active = Some(i);
+        // A file that can't be read leaves what its objects show: links.check reports it.
+        let _ = update(s, &json!({ "ids": ids }));
+    }
+    s.active = back;
+}
+
 // ---------- relative paths ----------
 
 /// `target` relative to folder `base` with `/` separators; `None` when they share no root (another
@@ -509,9 +645,7 @@ pub fn with_relative_paths(d: &Document, dest: &str) -> Option<Document> {
     let dir = Path::new(&dest).parent()?;
     let mut changes = vec![];
     d.walk(|n| {
-        if let NodeKind::Image(im) = &n.kind
-            && let Some(l) = &im.link
-        {
+        if let Some((l, _, _)) = linked(n) {
             let r = relative_path(Path::new(&l.path), dir);
             if r != l.relative {
                 changes.push((n.id, r));
@@ -523,10 +657,7 @@ pub fn with_relative_paths(d: &Document, dest: &str) -> Option<Document> {
     }
     let mut d = d.clone();
     for (id, r) in changes {
-        if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(id)
-            && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &mut n.kind
-            && let Some(l) = &mut im.link
-        {
+        if let Some(l) = d.node_mut(id).and_then(link_mut) {
             l.relative = r;
         }
     }
@@ -548,7 +679,7 @@ fn check(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if let Some(f) = found.filter(|f| f.path != g.link.path) {
             row["found"] = json!(f.path);
         }
-        if previewing(&st.doc, &g.key) {
+        if stale(&st.doc, g) {
             row["preview"] = json!(true);
         }
         links.push(row);
@@ -564,9 +695,9 @@ fn update(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         match probe(&g, folder(st.path.as_deref())) {
             (Status::Missing, _) | (_, None) => missing.extend(ids_json(&g.ids)),
             // Unchanged and showing the file: nothing to read unless asked for by id.
-            (Status::Ok, Some(_)) if ids.is_none() && !previewing(&st.doc, &g.key) => {}
-            // Unreadable as an image counts as missing.
-            (_, Some(mut f)) => match read_image(&mut f, &g.link) {
+            (Status::Ok, Some(_)) if ids.is_none() && !stale(&st.doc, &g) => {}
+            // Unreadable as an image (or a document) counts as missing.
+            (_, Some(mut f)) => match read_for(&mut f, &g, "links.update") {
                 Ok(read) => reads.push((g.ids, read)),
                 Err(_) => missing.extend(ids_json(&g.ids)),
             },
@@ -574,7 +705,7 @@ fn update(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     }
     let updated: Vec<u64> = reads.iter().flat_map(|(ids, _)| ids_json(ids)).collect();
     if !reads.is_empty() {
-        s.edit("Update Links", |d, _| reads.into_iter().try_for_each(|(ids, read)| install(d, &ids, read, false)))?;
+        s.edit("Update Links", |d, _| reads.into_iter().try_for_each(|(ids, read)| install_read(d, &ids, read, false)))?;
     }
     Ok(json!({ "updated": updated, "missing": missing }))
 }
@@ -583,7 +714,14 @@ fn relink(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "links.relink";
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let folder_param = str_param(p, "folder");
-    let image = |id: &NodeId| st.doc.node(*id).and_then(|n| if let NodeKind::Image(im) = &n.kind { Some(im) } else { None });
+    // An image or a placed document, with its link.
+    let image = |id: &NodeId| {
+        st.doc.node(*id).and_then(|n| match &n.kind {
+            NodeKind::Image(im) => Some(im.link.as_ref()),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some(Some(&p.link)),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+    };
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = match ids_param(p, "ids") {
         Some(ids) => ids,
         None => {
@@ -599,7 +737,7 @@ fn relink(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         }
     };
     if let Some(id) = ids.iter().find(|id| image(id).is_none()) {
-        return Err(bad(C, format!("object {} is not an image", id.0)));
+        return Err(bad(C, format!("object {} is not an image or a linked file", id.0)));
     }
     if ids.is_empty() {
         return Err(bad(C, "select the images to relink, or pass ids"));
@@ -611,7 +749,7 @@ fn relink(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         (Some(path), _) => files.push((ids, absolute_path(path))),
         (None, Some(dir)) => {
             for id in ids {
-                let Some(link) = image(&id).and_then(|im| im.link.as_ref()) else { continue };
+                let Some(link) = image(&id).flatten() else { continue };
                 let path = absolute_path(&Path::new(dir).join(link.name()).to_string_lossy());
                 match files.iter_mut().find(|(_, p)| *p == path) {
                     Some((ids, _)) => ids.push(id),
@@ -625,12 +763,34 @@ fn relink(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let mut reads = vec![];
     for (ids, path) in files {
         let bytes = read_file(&path)?;
-        let img = fileio::raster_image(&bytes).map_err(|e| bad(C, format!("{path}: {e}")))?;
-        reads.push((ids, (link_info(&path, &bytes), img)));
+        let link = link_info(&path, &bytes);
+        // Images show the file; placed documents each show their artboard of it.
+        let mut images = vec![];
+        let mut documents: Vec<((u32, bool), Vec<NodeId>)> = vec![];
+        for id in ids {
+            match st.doc.node(id).map(|n| &n.kind) {
+                Some(NodeKind::PlacedDocument(pl)) => {
+                    let k = (pl.page(), pl.bounding);
+                    match documents.iter_mut().find(|(e, _)| *e == k) {
+                        Some((_, ids)) => ids.push(id),
+                        None => documents.push((k, vec![id])),
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => images.push(id),
+            }
+        }
+        if !images.is_empty() {
+            let img = fileio::raster_image(&bytes).map_err(|e| bad(C, format!("{path}: {e}")))?;
+            reads.push((images, Read::Image((link.clone(), img))));
+        }
+        for ((page, bounding), ids) in documents {
+            let src = super::place::document::source(&path, &bytes, Some(&path), page, bounding, C)?;
+            reads.push((ids, Read::Document(LinkInfo { page: Some(page), ..link.clone() }, src)));
+        }
     }
     let relinked: Vec<u64> = reads.iter().flat_map(|(ids, _)| ids_json(ids)).collect();
     if !reads.is_empty() {
-        s.edit("Relink", |d, _| reads.into_iter().try_for_each(|(ids, read)| install(d, &ids, read, false)))?;
+        s.edit("Relink", |d, _| reads.into_iter().try_for_each(|(ids, read)| install_read(d, &ids, read, false)))?;
     }
     not_found.sort();
     not_found.dedup();
@@ -652,18 +812,6 @@ fn selected_images(st: &crate::DocState, keep: impl Fn(&ImageObject) -> bool) ->
     st.selection.objects.iter().copied().filter(|id| image_of(&st.doc, *id).is_some_and(&keep)).collect()
 }
 
-/// `ids` (else the selected images `keep` accepts), checked to be images; an error when none.
-fn images_param(st: &crate::DocState, p: &Value, cmd: &str, keep: impl Fn(&ImageObject) -> bool) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
-    let ids = ids_param(p, "ids").unwrap_or_else(|| selected_images(st, keep));
-    if let Some(id) = ids.iter().find(|id| image_of(&st.doc, **id).is_none()) {
-        return Err(bad(cmd, format!("object {} is not an image", id.0)));
-    }
-    if ids.is_empty() {
-        return Err(bad(cmd, "select the images, or pass ids"));
-    }
-    Ok(ids)
-}
-
 /// `id`, else the first selected image.
 fn image_param(st: &crate::DocState, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<NodeId> {
     let id = id_param(p, "id").or_else(|| selected_images(st, |_| true).first().copied()).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, "select an image, or pass id"))?;
@@ -674,6 +822,35 @@ fn image_param(st: &crate::DocState, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<NodeId> {
     }
 }
 
+/// The Placement Options of image or placed document `n`.
+fn placement_mut(n: &mut Node) -> Option<&mut PlacementOptions> {
+    match &mut n.kind {
+        NodeKind::Image(im) => Some(&mut im.placement),
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some(&mut p.placement),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// The Placement Options of image or placed document `id` of `d`.
+fn placement_of(d: &Document, id: NodeId) -> Option<PlacementOptions> {
+    match &d.node(id)?.kind {
+        NodeKind::Image(im) => Some(im.placement),
+        NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => Some(p.placement),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// `id`, else the first selected image or placed document.
+fn linked_param(st: &crate::DocState, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<NodeId> {
+    let first = || st.selection.objects.iter().copied().find(|id| placement_of(&st.doc, *id).is_some());
+    let id = id_param(p, "id").or_else(first).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, "select an image, or pass id"))?;
+    match placement_of(&st.doc, id) {
+        Some(_) => Ok(id),
+        None if st.doc.node(id).is_none() => Err(crate::EngineError::NoNode(id)),
+        None => Err(bad(cmd, format!("object {} is not an image or a linked file", id.0))),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Per linked image in the layers of `st`: its file's status, where it was found when away from
 /// its path, and whether the image shows its preview (each file probed once).
 fn statuses(st: &crate::DocState) -> BTreeMap<NodeId, (Status, Option<String>, bool)> {
@@ -681,7 +858,7 @@ fn statuses(st: &crate::DocState) -> BTreeMap<NodeId, (Status, Option<String>, b
     for g in groups(&st.doc, None).iter().filter(|g| !g.ids.is_empty()) {
         let (status, found) = probe(g, folder(st.path.as_deref()));
         let found = found.map(|f| f.path).filter(|p| *p != g.link.path);
-        let preview = previewing(&st.doc, &g.key);
+        let preview = stale(&st.doc, g);
         out.extend(g.ids.iter().map(|id| (*id, (status, found.clone(), preview))));
     }
     out
@@ -696,6 +873,12 @@ fn format_label(d: &Document, im: &ImageObject) -> &'static str {
         .map_or("Image", |f| f.label)
 }
 
+/// A placed document's `links.list` fields: `format`, `document: true` and its artboard's size
+/// (`pageWidth`, `pageHeight`, pt) instead of pixels.
+fn document_row(p: &PlacedDocument) -> Value {
+    json!({ "format": "VectorCraft", "document": true, "pageWidth": p.width, "pageHeight": p.height })
+}
+
 /// Sort rank of a `links.list` status: missing, modified, ok, embedded.
 fn status_rank(status: &str) -> usize {
     ["missing", "modified", "ok", "embedded"].iter().position(|s| *s == status).unwrap_or(4)
@@ -709,17 +892,17 @@ fn list(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         return Err(bad(C, format!("show `{show}`: all, missing, modified or embedded")));
     }
     let statuses = statuses(st);
-    let mut images = vec![];
+    let mut objects = vec![];
     st.doc.walk(|n| {
-        if let NodeKind::Image(im) = &n.kind {
-            images.push((n, im));
+        if matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Image(_) | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)) {
+            objects.push(n);
         }
     });
     // Top first, as the Layers panel lists them.
-    images.reverse();
+    objects.reverse();
     let mut counts: BTreeMap<&str, usize> = BTreeMap::new();
     let mut rows = vec![];
-    for (n, im) in images {
+    for n in objects {
         let (status, found, preview) = match statuses.get(&n.id) {
             Some((s, f, p)) => (s.as_str(), f.as_deref(), *p),
             None => ("embedded", None, false),
@@ -728,17 +911,21 @@ fn list(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         if show != "all" && show != status {
             continue;
         }
-        let name = im.link.as_ref().map_or_else(|| n.display_name(), |l| l.name().to_string());
-        let mut row = json!({
-            "id": n.id.0,
-            "name": name,
-            "linked": im.link.is_some(),
-            "status": status,
-            "format": format_label(&st.doc, im),
-            "pixelWidth": im.width,
-            "pixelHeight": im.height,
-        });
-        if let Some(l) = &im.link {
+        let (link, mut row) = match &n.kind {
+            NodeKind::Image(im) => {
+                (im.link.as_ref(), json!({ "format": format_label(&st.doc, im), "pixelWidth": im.width, "pixelHeight": im.height }))
+            }
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) => (Some(&p.link), document_row(p)),
+            _ => continue,
+        };
+        let name = link.map_or_else(|| n.display_name(), |l| l.name().to_string());
+        if let Some(o) = row.as_object_mut() {
+            o.insert("id".into(), json!(n.id.0));
+            o.insert("name".into(), json!(name));
+            o.insert("linked".into(), json!(link.is_some()));
+            o.insert("status".into(), json!(status));
+        }
+        if let Some(l) = link {
             row["path"] = json!(l.path);
             if let Some(page) = l.page {
                 row["page"] = json!(page);
@@ -766,7 +953,7 @@ fn list(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn go_to(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    let id = image_param(st, p, "links.goTo")?;
+    let id = linked_param(st, p, "links.goTo")?;
     let b = st.doc.node(id).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds).unwrap_or_default();
     s.select(|_, sel| sel.set([id]))?;
     Ok(json!({ "id": id.0, "bounds": [b.x0, b.y0, b.x1, b.y1] }))
@@ -775,9 +962,29 @@ fn go_to(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn embed(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "links.embed";
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    let ids = images_param(st, p, C, |im| im.link.is_some())?;
+    let kind = |id: &NodeId| st.doc.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind);
+    let linked = |id: &NodeId| match kind(id) {
+        Some(NodeKind::Image(im)) => im.link.is_some(),
+        Some(NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)) => true,
+        _ => false,
+    };
+    let ids = ids_param(p, "ids").unwrap_or_else(|| st.selection.objects.iter().copied().filter(linked).collect());
+    if let Some(id) = ids.iter().find(|id| !matches!(kind(id), Some(NodeKind::Image(_) | NodeKind::PlacedDocument(_)))) {
+        return Err(bad(C, format!("object {} is not an image or a placed document", id.0)));
+    }
+    if ids.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "select the linked images or placed documents, or pass ids"));
+    }
+    // Placed documents become editable copies of their art: those whose file can be read.
+    let (mut documents, mut missing) = (vec![], vec![]);
+    for id in ids.iter().copied() {
+        let Some(NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p)) = kind(&id) else { continue };
+        let readable = st.doc.images.get(&p.key).is_some_and(|b| vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::full_bytes(p, b).is_some());
+        if readable { documents.push(id) } else { missing.push(id) }
+    }
+    let ids: Vec<NodeId> = ids.into_iter().filter(|id| matches!(kind(id), Some(NodeKind::Image(_)))).collect();
     // Images showing their preview take their file's pixels first.
-    let (mut done, mut missing, mut reads) = (vec![], vec![], vec![]);
+    let (mut done, mut reads) = (vec![], vec![]);
     for g in groups(&st.doc, Some(&ids)) {
         if !previewing(&st.doc, &g.key) {
             done.extend(g.ids);
@@ -794,21 +1001,20 @@ fn embed(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             _ => missing.extend(g.ids),
         }
     }
-    if !done.is_empty() {
+    if !done.is_empty() || !documents.is_empty() {
         s.edit("Embed", |d, _| {
             for (ids, read) in reads {
                 install(d, &ids, read, true)?;
             }
             for id in &done {
-                if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
-                    && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &mut n.kind
-                {
+                if let Some(Node { kind: NodeKind::Image(im), .. }) = d.node_mut(*id) {
                     im.link = None;
                 }
             }
-            Ok(())
+            documents.iter().try_for_each(|id| super::place::document::expand(d, *id, C))
         })?;
     }
+    done.extend(documents);
     Ok(json!({ "embedded": ids_json(&done), "missing": ids_json(&missing) }))
 }
 
@@ -862,41 +1068,77 @@ fn placement_json(o: PlacementOptions) -> Value {
     json!({ "preserve": o.preserve.id(), "align": o.align.id(), "clip": o.clip })
 }
 
+/// Link Info's fields of the linked file `l` (of object `id` of `st`) into `out`.
+fn file_fields(st: &crate::DocState, id: NodeId, l: &LinkInfo, out: &mut Value) {
+    let status = groups(&st.doc, Some(&[id])).first().map_or(Status::Missing, |g| probe(g, folder(st.path.as_deref())).0);
+    let stamp = file_stamp(&l.path);
+    let folder_len = l.path.len().saturating_sub(l.name().len());
+    out["status"] = json!(status.as_str());
+    out["path"] = json!(l.path);
+    out["fileName"] = json!(l.name());
+    out["location"] = json!(l.path.get(..folder_len).unwrap_or_default().trim_end_matches(['/', '\\']));
+    for (k, v) in [
+        ("page", l.page.map(u64::from)),
+        ("fileSize", stamp.map(|s| s.0).or(l.size)),
+        ("modified", stamp.and_then(|s| s.1).or(l.modified)),
+        ("created", file_created(&l.path)),
+    ] {
+        if let Some(v) = v {
+            out[k] = json!(v);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Scale (% of 100%, given points per unit at 100%) and counter-clockwise rotation of `xf`.
+fn scale_rotation(xf: Affine, (px, py): (f64, f64)) -> (Value, Value) {
+    let [a, b, c, d, ..] = xf.as_coeffs();
+    // Counter-clockwise on the page (y points down). Adding 0 turns -0 into 0.
+    (json!([a.hypot(b) / px * 100.0, c.hypot(d) / py * 100.0]), json!((-b).atan2(a).to_degrees() + 0.0))
+}
+
+/// Link Info of placed document `id`.
+fn placed_info(st: &crate::DocState, id: NodeId) -> Result<Value> {
+    let n = st.doc.node(id).ok_or(crate::EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+    let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(pl) = &n.kind else { return Err(bad("links.info", format!("object {} is not a placed document", id.0))) };
+    let size = n.geometric_bounds().unwrap_or_default();
+    let (scale, rotation) = scale_rotation(pl.xf, (1.0, 1.0));
+    let mut out = document_row(pl);
+    let fields = [
+        ("id", json!(id.0)),
+        ("name", json!(n.display_name())),
+        ("linked", json!(true)),
+        ("link", json!(pl.link.path)),
+        ("width", json!(size.width())),
+        ("height", json!(size.height())),
+        ("scale", scale),
+        ("rotation", rotation),
+        ("placement", placement_json(pl.placement)),
+    ];
+    if let Some(o) = out.as_object_mut() {
+        o.extend(fields.into_iter().map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v)));
+    }
+    file_fields(st, id, &pl.link, &mut out);
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
 fn info(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "links.info";
-    let id = image_param(s.doc()?, p, C)?;
+    let id = linked_param(s.doc()?, p, C)?;
+    if image_of(&s.doc()?.doc, id).is_none() {
+        return placed_info(s.doc()?, id);
+    }
     let mut out = super::place::image_info(s, &json!({ "id": id.0 }))?;
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let im = image_of(&st.doc, id).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, format!("object {} is not an image", id.0)))?;
     let (px, py) = file_pt(&st.doc, &im.key);
-    let [a, b, c, d, ..] = im.xf.as_coeffs();
     out["effectivePpi"] = out["ppi"].take();
     out["ppi"] = json!([72.0 / px, 72.0 / py]);
-    out["scale"] = json!([a.hypot(b) / px * 100.0, c.hypot(d) / py * 100.0]);
-    // Counter-clockwise on the page (y points down).
-    // Adding 0 turns -0 into 0.
-    out["rotation"] = json!((-b).atan2(a).to_degrees() + 0.0);
+    (out["scale"], out["rotation"]) = scale_rotation(im.xf, (px, py));
     out["format"] = json!(format_label(&st.doc, im));
     out["placement"] = placement_json(im.placement);
     out["status"] = json!("embedded");
     if let Some(l) = &im.link {
-        let status = groups(&st.doc, Some(&[id])).first().map_or(Status::Missing, |g| probe(g, folder(st.path.as_deref())).0);
-        let stamp = file_stamp(&l.path);
-        let folder_len = l.path.len().saturating_sub(l.name().len());
-        out["status"] = json!(status.as_str());
-        out["path"] = json!(l.path);
-        out["fileName"] = json!(l.name());
-        out["location"] = json!(l.path.get(..folder_len).unwrap_or_default().trim_end_matches(['/', '\\']));
-        for (k, v) in [
-            ("page", l.page.map(u64::from)),
-            ("fileSize", stamp.map(|s| s.0).or(l.size)),
-            ("modified", stamp.and_then(|s| s.1).or(l.modified)),
-            ("created", file_created(&l.path)),
-        ] {
-            if let Some(v) = v {
-                out[k] = json!(v);
-            }
-        }
+        file_fields(st, id, l, &mut out);
     }
     Ok(out)
 }
@@ -904,7 +1146,13 @@ fn info(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn placement_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "links.placementOptions";
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    let ids = images_param(st, p, C, |_| true)?;
+    let ids = ids_param(p, "ids").unwrap_or_else(|| st.selection.objects.iter().copied().filter(|id| placement_of(&st.doc, *id).is_some()).collect());
+    if let Some(id) = ids.iter().find(|id| placement_of(&st.doc, **id).is_none()) {
+        return Err(bad(C, format!("object {} is not an image or a linked file", id.0)));
+    }
+    if ids.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "select the images, or pass ids"));
+    }
     let choice = |k: &str| -> Result<Option<&str>> {
         match p.get(k) {
             None | Some(Value::Null) => Ok(None),
@@ -918,7 +1166,7 @@ fn placement_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         None | Some(Value::Null) => None,
         Some(v) => Some(v.as_bool().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "clip must be true or false"))?),
     };
-    let first = ids.first().and_then(|id| image_of(&st.doc, *id)).map(|im| im.placement).unwrap_or_default();
+    let first = ids.first().and_then(|id| placement_of(&st.doc, *id)).unwrap_or_default();
     if preserve.is_none() && align.is_none() && clip.is_none() {
         return Ok(json!({ "placement": placement_json(first) }));
     }
@@ -929,10 +1177,8 @@ fn placement_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     };
     s.edit("Placement Options", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
-            if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id)
-                && let NodeKind::Image(im) = &mut n.kind
-            {
-                set(&mut im.placement);
+            if let Some(o) = d.node_mut(*id).and_then(placement_mut) {
+                set(o);
             }
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/menucmds.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //! Object menu long tail: Lock/Hide All Artwork Above & Other Layers, Transform Each, Reset
-//! Bounding Box, Rasterize, Crop Image, Create Trim Marks, Convert to Shape and
+//! Bounding Box, Rasterize, Crop Image, Mask (an image), Create Trim Marks, Convert to Shape and
 //! Artboards → Convert / Rearrange. (Live blends are in `live.rs`.)
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -115,6 +115,15 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             has_image,
             crop_image
         ),
+        cmd!(
+            "object.maskImage",
+            "Mask",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{} clip the selected image with a rectangle around it (its own outline, rotated with it) and select that clipping path, whose handles then crop it; one undo step → {id: the clip group, path: the clipping path}",
+            has_image,
+            mask_image
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "object.createTrimMarks",
             "Create Trim Marks",
@@ -585,6 +594,36 @@ fn crop_image(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({ "id": id.0, "width": w, "height": h }))
 }
 
+/// The Control bar's Mask for an image: a clip group of the image and a clipping path on its
+/// outline, with that path selected so dragging its handles crops the image.
+fn mask_image(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let (id, outline) = st
+        .selection
+        .objects
+        .iter()
+        .find_map(|id| match st.doc.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind) {
+            Some(NodeKind::Image(im)) => {
+                Some((*id, vectorcraft_geom::shapes::rectangle(Rect::new(0.0, 0.0, im.width as f64, im.height as f64)).transformed(im.xf)))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad("object.maskImage", "select an image"))?;
+    let (gid, pid) = s.edit("Mask", |d, sel| {
+        let mut clip = super::pathops::shape_node(d, outline, None);
+        super::object::as_clipping_path(&mut clip)?;
+        let pid = clip.id;
+        let (par, idx, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        let gid = d.alloc_id();
+        d.insert(par, idx + 1, Node::new(gid, NodeKind::Group { children: vec![], clip: true }))?;
+        d.insert(Some(gid), 0, clip)?;
+        d.move_node(id, Some(gid), usize::MAX)?;
+        sel.set([pid]);
+        Ok((gid, pid))
+    })?;
+    Ok(json!({ "id": gid.0, "path": pid.0 }))
+}
+
 // ---------- Trim marks ----------
 
 impl Session {
@@ -769,8 +808,13 @@ fn rearrange_artboards(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 }
             }
         }
+        let mut moved = vec![];
         for (a, dl) in d.artboards.iter_mut().zip(&deltas) {
             a.rect = a.rect + *dl;
+            moved.push((a.id, *dl));
+        }
+        for (id, dl) in moved {
+            d.move_artboard_guides(id, dl);
         }
         Ok(())
     })?;

crates/engine/src/cmd/mod.rs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ pub(crate) mod gradient;
 pub(crate) mod graph;
 mod halftone;
 pub mod help;
+pub(crate) mod inline;
 mod layer;
 mod layerpanel;
 pub mod links;
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ mod pathops;
 mod patterncmds;
 pub mod pdfcmds;
 pub mod perspgrid;
-mod place;
+pub(crate) mod place;
 pub mod plugin;
 pub mod prefscmds;
 pub mod print;
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ pub mod rasterfx;
 mod recolor;
 pub mod recovery;
 mod select;
+pub(crate) mod shaper;
 pub(crate) mod slices;
 mod stroke;
 mod style;
@@ -144,6 +146,10 @@ pub fn has_selection(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
     let st = s.active().ok_or("no document open")?;
     if st.selection.is_empty() { Err("nothing selected".into()) } else { Ok(()) }
 }
+/// Objects are selected, or the Artboard tool is chosen (Copy and Cut take its artboard).
+pub fn has_selection_or_artboard_tool(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
+    if s.tool_id() == "artboard" { has_doc(s) } else { has_selection(s) }
+}
 /// Objects or ruler guides are selected (what Delete and the arrow keys act on).
 pub fn has_selection_or_guides(s: &Session) -> std::result::Result<(), String> {
     let st = s.active().ok_or("no document open")?;
@@ -213,6 +219,7 @@ pub fn command_specs() -> &'static [CommandSpec] {
         v.extend(colormgmt::specs());
         v.extend(typemenu::specs());
         v.extend(textedit::specs());
+        v.extend(inline::specs());
         v.extend(textstyles::specs());
         v.extend(fonts::specs());
         v.extend(help::specs());
@@ -227,6 +234,7 @@ pub fn command_specs() -> &'static [CommandSpec] {
         v.extend(docinfo::specs());
         v.extend(panelcmds::specs());
         v.extend(buildcmds::specs());
+        v.extend(shaper::specs());
         v.extend(brushsym::specs());
         v.extend(patterncmds::specs());
         v.extend(prefscmds::specs());

crates/engine/src/cmd/object.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 //! Object menu: transforms, arrange, group, lock/hide, compound paths, clipping masks, isolation,
 //! align & distribute, object properties.
 
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_color::{BlendMode, Paint};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, Knockout, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, OrientedBox, Scaling};
+use vectorcraft_doc::corners::set_corners;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, Document, Knockout, LiveCorners, LiveShape, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, OrientedBox, Scaling};
 use vectorcraft_geom::shapes::CornerKind;
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, FillRule, Point, Rect, Vec2};
 
@@ -148,7 +150,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Object Properties",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, name?, visible?, locked?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: \"Multiply\"…, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool}",
+            "{ids?|id?, name?, visible?, locked?, opacity?: 0..100, blend?: \"Multiply\"…, isolate?, knockout?: \"on\"|\"off\"|\"neutral\"|bool (true = on, false = neutral), knockoutShape?: bool, data?: {key: \"value\" | null (removes it)} (the object's own data, SVG data-* attributes: {pivot: \"100,180\"} is data-pivot; document.node → attrs.data)}",
             has_doc,
             set_props
         ),
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Align",
             ["Window", "Align"],
             None,
-            "{horizontal?: \"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\", vertical?: \"top\"|\"center\"|\"bottom\", to?: \"selection\"|\"artboard\"|\"key\", bounds?: \"preview\"|\"geometric\" (default: the Use Preview Bounds preference; preview bounds take in strokes)}",
+            "{horizontal?: \"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\", vertical?: \"top\"|\"center\"|\"bottom\", to?: \"selection\"|\"artboard\"|\"key\" (default: the key object when the selection has one, select.key, else the selection), bounds?: \"preview\"|\"geometric\" (default: the Use Preview Bounds preference; preview bounds take in strokes)}",
             has_selection,
             align
         ),
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Distribute Spacing",
             ["Window", "Align"],
             None,
-            "{axis: \"horizontal\"|\"vertical\", spacing?: pt, bounds?: \"preview\"|\"geometric\" (default: the Use Preview Bounds preference; preview bounds take in strokes)}",
+            "{axis: \"horizontal\"|\"vertical\", spacing?: pt (the key object, select.key, stays put and the others are spaced from it), bounds?: \"preview\"|\"geometric\" (default: the Use Preview Bounds preference; preview bounds take in strokes)}",
             has_multi,
             distribute_spacing
         ),
@@ -194,7 +196,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Live Shape Properties",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id?, ids?, radius?: pt, kind?: \"round\"|\"invertedRound\"|\"chamfer\", corners?: [0..3…], sides?: n} (Live Corners: radius and kind set a rectangle's corners: `corners` (0 top-left, 1 top-right, 2 bottom-right, 3 bottom-left), else the corners with a Direct-Selected anchor, else all four; sides: a polygon's)",
+            "{id?, ids?, radius?: pt, kind?: \"round\"|\"invertedRound\"|\"chamfer\", corners?: [i…], sides?: n} (Live Corners on any path: radius and kind set its corners (anchors without handles between two straight sides): `corners` (anchor indices of the path with its corners uncut, counting every subpath's anchors in order: a rectangle's 0 top-left, 1 top-right, 2 bottom-right, 3 bottom-left; a polygon's from the first vertex clockwise), else the corners with a Direct-Selected anchor, else every corner; each radius is drawn no larger than half the corner's shorter side allows; a path that isn't a live shape keeps its uncut outline so its corners stay editable, and is plain again once none is cut; sides: a polygon's, which keep the radius they shared)",
             has_selection,
             set_live_shape
         ),
@@ -720,7 +722,8 @@ fn isolate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     if st.doc.node(id).is_none_or(|n| !n.is_container()) {
         return Err(bad("object.isolate", "only groups and layers can be isolated"));
     }
-    st.isolation = Some(id);
+    let isolation = st.doc.node(id).filter(|n| n.shaper.is_some()).and_then(|n| n.children()).and_then(|c| c.first()).map_or(id, |n| n.id);
+    st.isolation = Some(isolation);
     st.selection.clear();
     st.revision += 1;
     ok()
@@ -730,12 +733,39 @@ fn exit_isolation(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let st = s.doc_mut()?;
     if let Some(i) = st.isolation.take() {
         super::distortcmds::finish_edit_text(st, i);
-        st.selection.set([i]);
+        let target = st.doc.parent_of(i).filter(|p| st.doc.node(*p).is_some_and(|n| n.shaper.is_some())).unwrap_or(i);
+        st.selection.set([target]);
     }
     st.revision += 1;
     ok()
 }
 
+/// The most data entries `object.setProps` takes at once.
+const MAX_DATA: usize = 256;
+
+/// `object.setProps`'s `data`: each key (a data-* attribute's name: letters, digits, `-`, `_`,
+/// `.`) with its value, or `None` to remove it.
+fn data_param(m: &serde_json::Map<String, Value>) -> Result<Vec<(String, Option<String>)>> {
+    const C: &str = "object.setProps";
+    if m.len() > MAX_DATA {
+        return Err(bad(C, format!("data takes at most {MAX_DATA} keys at once")));
+    }
+    m.iter()
+        .map(|(k, v)| {
+            let k = k.strip_prefix("data-").unwrap_or(k);
+            if k.is_empty() || !k.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || matches!(c, '-' | '_' | '.')) || k == "name" || k.starts_with("vc-") {
+                return Err(bad(C, format!("data key `{k}`: letters, digits, -, _ and . (not name or vc-…)")));
+            }
+            let v = match v {
+                Value::Null => None,
+                Value::String(s) => Some(s.clone()),
+                other => Some(other.to_string()),
+            };
+            Ok((k.to_string(), v))
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
 fn set_props(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let ids = targets(s, p)?;
     let opacity = p.get("opacity").and_then(Value::as_f64).map(percent);
@@ -743,6 +773,11 @@ fn set_props(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         Some(b) => Some(BlendMode::parse(b).ok_or_else(|| bad("object.setProps", format!("unknown blend mode `{b}`")))?),
         None => None,
     };
+    let data = match p.get("data") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => None,
+        Some(Value::Object(m)) => Some(data_param(m)?),
+        Some(v) => return Err(bad("object.setProps", format!("data must be an object of key: value, not {v}"))),
+    };
     let knockout = match p.get("knockout") {
         Some(v) => Some(
             Knockout::from_value(v)
@@ -777,6 +812,24 @@ fn set_props(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             if let Some(v) = p.get("knockoutShape").and_then(Value::as_bool) {
                 n.knockout_shape = v;
             }
+            if let Some(changes) = &data {
+                n.edit_attrs(|a| {
+                    for (k, v) in changes {
+                        match (a.data.iter().position(|(key, _)| key == k), v) {
+                            (Some(i), Some(v)) => {
+                                if let Some(e) = a.data.get_mut(i) {
+                                    e.1 = v.clone();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            (Some(i), None) => {
+                                a.data.remove(i);
+                            }
+                            (None, Some(v)) => a.data.push((k.clone(), v.clone())),
+                            (None, None) => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
         }
         Ok(())
     })?;
@@ -811,9 +864,15 @@ fn items_bounds(d: &Document, ids: &[NodeId], preview: bool) -> Vec<(NodeId, Rec
     ids.iter().filter_map(|id| Some((*id, d.bounds_of(&[*id], preview)?))).collect()
 }
 
+/// What `object.align` aligns to: `to`, else the key object when there is one, else the
+/// selection.
+fn align_to<'a>(s: &Session, p: &'a Value) -> Option<&'a str> {
+    str_param(p, "to").or_else(|| s.doc().ok()?.selection.key.map(|_| "key"))
+}
+
 fn reference_rect(s: &Session, p: &Value, ids: &[NodeId], preview: bool) -> Result<Rect> {
     let st = s.doc()?;
-    match str_param(p, "to") {
+    match align_to(s, p) {
         Some("artboard") => {
             let b = st.doc.bounds_of(ids, preview).unwrap_or_default();
             let i = st.doc.artboard_at(b.center()).unwrap_or(0);
@@ -838,7 +897,7 @@ fn align(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
         items_bounds(d, &ids, preview)
             .into_iter()
-            .filter(|(id, _)| Some(*id) != key || str_param(p, "to") != Some("key"))
+            .filter(|(id, _)| Some(*id) != key || align_to(s, p) != Some("key"))
             .map(|(id, b)| {
                 let dx = match h {
                     Some("left") => r.x0 - b.x0,
@@ -924,22 +983,31 @@ fn distribute_spacing(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let mut items = items_bounds(&s.doc()?.doc, &ids, preview);
     items.sort_by(|a, b| if horiz { a.1.x0.total_cmp(&b.1.x0) } else { a.1.y0.total_cmp(&b.1.y0) });
     let n = items.len();
+    let &[(_, first), .., (_, last)] = items.as_slice() else {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other("select two or more objects to distribute".into()));
+    };
     let size = |r: &Rect| if horiz { r.width() } else { r.height() };
     let start = |r: &Rect| if horiz { r.x0 } else { r.y0 };
-    let gap = match p.get("spacing").and_then(Value::as_f64) {
+    let spacing = p.get("spacing").and_then(Value::as_f64).filter(|g| g.is_finite());
+    let gap = match spacing {
         Some(g) => g,
         None => {
-            let span = if horiz { items[n - 1].1.x1 - items[0].1.x0 } else { items[n - 1].1.y1 - items[0].1.y0 };
+            let span = if horiz { last.x1 - first.x0 } else { last.y1 - first.y0 };
             (span - items.iter().map(|i| size(&i.1)).sum::<f64>()) / (n - 1) as f64
         }
     };
-    let mut pos = start(&items[0].1);
-    let mut moves = vec![];
+    let mut pos = start(&first);
+    let mut deltas = vec![];
     for (id, r) in &items {
-        let delta = pos - start(r);
-        moves.push((*id, if horiz { Vec2::new(delta, 0.0) } else { Vec2::new(0.0, delta) }));
+        deltas.push((*id, pos - start(r)));
         pos += size(r) + gap;
     }
+    // With a spacing (aligning to a key object) the key object stays where it is: the others
+    // are spaced from it.
+    let key = s.doc()?.selection.key;
+    let fixed = spacing.and_then(|_| deltas.iter().find(|(id, _)| Some(*id) == key)).map_or(0.0, |k| k.1);
+    let moves: Vec<(NodeId, Vec2)> =
+        deltas.into_iter().map(|(id, d)| (id, if horiz { Vec2::new(d - fixed, 0.0) } else { Vec2::new(0.0, d - fixed) })).collect();
     s.edit("Distribute Spacing", |d, _| {
         for (id, dv) in &moves {
             if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
@@ -1006,21 +1074,12 @@ fn expand_shape(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     ok()
 }
 
-/// The `corners` of `object.setLiveShape`: a mask of corner indices 0–3.
-fn corners_param(p: &Value) -> Result<Option<[bool; 4]>> {
+/// The `corners` of `object.setLiveShape`: anchor indices of a path's uncut outline.
+fn corners_param(p: &Value) -> Result<Option<BTreeSet<usize>>> {
     let Some(v) = p.get("corners").filter(|v| !v.is_null()) else { return Ok(None) };
-    let err = || {
-        bad(
-            "object.setLiveShape",
-            format!("`corners` must list corner indices 0–3 (0 top-left, 1 top-right, 2 bottom-right, 3 bottom-left), not {v}"),
-        )
-    };
-    let mut mask = [false; 4];
-    for k in v.as_array().ok_or_else(err)? {
-        let slot = k.as_u64().and_then(|k| mask.get_mut(usize::try_from(k).ok()?)).ok_or_else(err)?;
-        *slot = true;
-    }
-    Ok(Some(mask))
+    let err = || bad("object.setLiveShape", format!("`corners` must list anchor indices (0, 1, 2…), not {v}"));
+    let list = v.as_array().ok_or_else(err)?;
+    list.iter().map(|k| k.as_u64().and_then(|k| usize::try_from(k).ok()).ok_or_else(err)).collect::<Result<_>>().map(Some)
 }
 
 fn set_live_shape(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
@@ -1035,39 +1094,37 @@ fn set_live_shape(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         })
         .transpose()?;
     let radius = p.get("radius").and_then(Value::as_f64);
+    let sides = p.get("sides").and_then(Value::as_u64);
     s.edit("Live Shape", |d, sel| {
         for id in &ids {
-            let Some(NodeKind::Path { path, live: Some(live), .. }) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
-            // Radii are document lengths and corners circular, also on a rectangle from a file
-            // that kept an uneven scale in its transform (#442).
-            live.fold_scale();
-            let partial = sel.anchors.get_mut(id);
-            let picked = corners.unwrap_or_else(|| live.picked_corners(partial.as_deref()));
-            let (layout, selected) = (live.anchor_corners(), partial.as_deref().map(|a| live.corners_of(a)));
-            match live {
-                vectorcraft_doc::LiveShape::Rectangle { radii, kinds, .. } => {
-                    for ((_, r), k) in picked.iter().zip(radii.iter_mut()).zip(kinds.iter_mut()).filter(|((on, _), _)| **on) {
-                        if let Some(radius) = radius {
-                            *r = radius.max(0.0);
-                        }
-                        if let Some(kind) = kind {
-                            *k = kind;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                vectorcraft_doc::LiveShape::Polygon { sides, .. } => {
-                    if let Some(n) = p.get("sides").and_then(Value::as_u64) {
-                        *sides = n.clamp(3, 1000) as u32;
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => {}
+            let Some(NodeKind::Path { path, live, .. }) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
+            if let (Some(l @ LiveShape::Polygon { .. }), Some(n)) = (live.as_mut(), sides) {
+                l.set_sides(n);
+                *path = l.to_path();
             }
-            *path = live.to_path();
+            if radius.is_none() && kind.is_none() {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let partial = sel.anchors.get_mut(id);
+            // The corners to edit, the Direct-Selected ones and the anchor layout before the edit.
+            let Some(c) = LiveCorners::new(path, live.as_ref()) else { continue };
+            let picked = match &corners {
+                Some(k) if k.last().is_some_and(|k| *k >= c.base.anchor_count()) => {
+                    let n = c.base.anchor_count();
+                    let past: Vec<_> = k.range(n..).collect();
+                    return Err(bad("object.setLiveShape", format!("object {id} has anchors 0–{} for `corners`, not {past:?}", n.saturating_sub(1))));
+                }
+                Some(k) => k.clone(),
+                None => c.picked(partial.as_deref()),
+            };
+            let (selected, layout) = (partial.as_deref().map(|a| c.corners_of(a)), c.sources().to_vec());
+            set_corners(path, live, &picked, radius, kind);
             // Direct-Selected corners stay selected as they gain or lose anchors.
             if let (Some(anchors), Some(selected)) = (partial, selected)
-                && live.anchor_corners() != layout
+                && let Some(c) = LiveCorners::new(path, live.as_ref())
+                && c.sources() != layout
             {
-                *anchors = live.corner_anchors(selected);
+                *anchors = c.anchors_of(&selected);
             }
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/panelcmds.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-//! Commands the panels need beyond the core set: artboard reorder/duplicate and the advanced
+//! Commands the panels need beyond the core set: artboard reorder, duplicate, copy and cut, and the advanced
 //! Character/Paragraph attributes.
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_doc::NodeKind;
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Composer, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Rect, Vec2};
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::EngineError;
+use crate::{Clipboard, EngineError};
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
     vec![
@@ -15,16 +16,34 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Duplicate Artboard",
             ["Window", "Artboards"],
             None,
-            "{index} copy placed right of the last artboard",
+            "{index?: n (default: the Artboard tool's artboard), art?: bool (default: the Artboard tool's moveArt option)} copy placed right of the last artboard, with copies of the art fully inside it when `art` (locked and hidden art only with prefs moveLockedWithArtboard) → {index, ids: the art's copies}",
             has_doc,
             artboard_duplicate
         ),
+        cmd!(
+            "artboard.copy",
+            "Copy Artboard",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{index?, art?} (defaults as artboard.duplicate) put the artboard, and the art fully inside it when `art`, on the clipboard: edit.paste adds a copy right of the last artboard, edit.pasteInPlace/InFront/InBack where it was, in this or another document (one undo step; edit.pasteOnAllArtboards pastes only the art); edit.copy runs this while the Artboard tool is chosen → {copied: objects}",
+            has_doc,
+            |s, p| artboard_copy(s, p, false)
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "artboard.cut",
+            "Cut Artboard",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{index?, art?} artboard.copy, then delete the artboard and that art in one undo step (not the only artboard); edit.cut runs this while the Artboard tool is chosen → {copied: objects}",
+            has_doc,
+            |s, p| artboard_copy(s, p, true)
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "text.setFormat",
             "Character / Paragraph",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), leftIndent?, rightIndent?, firstLineIndent?, spaceBefore?, spaceAfter?: pt, hyphenate?: bool, mojikumi?: \"none\"|\"lineEndHalf\" (Japanese punctuation spacing), direction?: \"auto\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (paragraph direction; auto: from each paragraph's first strong character), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\" (leading measured baseline to baseline, or em box top to top), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\" (where characters smaller than the largest on their line line up with it)}",
+            "{ids?|id?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), leftIndent?, rightIndent?, firstLineIndent?, spaceBefore?, spaceAfter?: pt (±1296), hyphenate?: bool, mojikumi?: \"none\"|\"lineEndHalf\" (Japanese punctuation spacing), direction?: \"auto\"|\"leftToRight\"|\"rightToLeft\" (paragraph direction; auto: from each paragraph's first strong character), leadingModel?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\" (leading measured baseline to baseline, or em box top to top), charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\" (where characters smaller than the largest on their line line up with it), burasagari?: \"none\"|\"standard\"|\"forced\" (Paragraph panel menu › Burasagari None/Regular/Force: an East Asian comma or full stop ending an area type line hangs outside it: when it doesn't fit, or always; new type: \"standard\"), composer?: \"singleLine\"|\"everyLine\" (line breaking, Every-line by default), start?: byte, end?: byte} (with a range: the character attributes style that range and the paragraph attributes apply to the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text)",
             has_doc,
             set_format
         ),
@@ -49,24 +68,108 @@ fn artboard_reorder(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     ok()
 }
 
-fn artboard_duplicate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let i = p.get("index").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0) as usize;
-    let index = s.edit("Duplicate Artboard", |d, _| {
-        let src = d.artboards.get(i).cloned().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
-        let right = d.artboards.iter().map(|a| a.rect.x1).fold(f64::MIN, f64::max);
-        let dx = right + 20.0 - src.rect.x0;
-        Ok(push_artboard_copy(d, &src, vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(src.rect.x0 + dx, src.rect.y0, src.rect.x1 + dx, src.rect.y1)))
-    })?;
-    Ok(json!({"index": index}))
+/// The artboard (`index`) and whether its art comes along (`art`) for the artboard copy
+/// commands: by default the Artboard tool's artboard and its Move/Copy Artwork with Artboard option.
+fn board_and_art(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> (usize, bool) {
+    let t = s.tool_options_of("artboard");
+    let i = p.get("index").and_then(Value::as_u64).or_else(|| t["active"].as_u64()).unwrap_or(0) as usize;
+    (i, bool_or(p, "art", t["moveArt"].as_bool().unwrap_or(true)))
 }
 
-/// Add a copy of artboard `src` at `rect`, named `<name> copy` (`<name> copy 2`… when taken),
-/// with an id of its own → its index.
-pub(crate) fn push_artboard_copy(d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document, src: &vectorcraft_doc::Artboard, rect: vectorcraft_geom::Rect) -> usize {
+/// The art that goes with artboard `i` when `art`: the objects fully inside it (locked and hidden
+/// ones only with prefs moveLockedWithArtboard), in paint order.
+pub(crate) fn artboard_art(s: &Session, i: usize, art: bool) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
+    let rect = d.artboards.get(i).map(|a| a.rect).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+    Ok(if art { d.art_on_artboard(rect, s.prefs.move_locked_with_artboard) } else { vec![] })
+}
+
+/// How far a copy of `rect` moves to sit right of the last artboard (Duplicate Artboards, Paste).
+pub(crate) fn beside_artboards(d: &vectorcraft_doc::Document, rect: Rect) -> Vec2 {
+    let right = d.artboards.iter().map(|a| a.rect.x1).fold(f64::MIN, f64::max);
+    Vec2::new(right + 20.0 - rect.x0, 0.0)
+}
+
+fn artboard_duplicate(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let (i, art) = board_and_art(s, p);
+    let art = artboard_art(s, i, art)?;
+    let scale_strokes = s.prefs.scale_strokes;
+    let (index, ids) = s.edit("Duplicate Artboard", |d, _| {
+        let dv = d.artboards.get(i).map(|a| beside_artboards(d, a.rect)).unwrap_or_default();
+        copy_artboard(d, i, dv, &art, scale_strokes)
+    })?;
+    Ok(json!({"index": index, "ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()}))
+}
+
+/// Artboard Copy / Cut: the artboard and its art onto the clipboard (pasting brings both); a cut
+/// then deletes them.
+pub(crate) fn artboard_copy(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, cut: bool) -> Result<Value> {
+    let (i, art) = board_and_art(s, p);
+    let art = artboard_art(s, i, art)?;
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    if cut && st.doc.artboards.len() <= 1 {
+        return Err(EngineError::Other("a document needs at least one artboard".into()));
+    }
+    let board = st.doc.artboards.get(i).cloned().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+    let clip = Clipboard { source_artboard: Some(board.rect), artboard: Some(board), ..Clipboard::copy(st, &art) };
+    let copied = clip.nodes.len();
+    if cut {
+        s.edit("Cut Artboard", |d, sel| {
+            if i >= d.artboards.len() {
+                return Err(EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()));
+            }
+            // Its guides go with it.
+            let gone = d.artboards.remove(i).id;
+            d.retain_guides(sel, |_, g| g.artboard != Some(gone));
+            for id in &art {
+                // Always there: none of the art is inside another of it.
+                let _ = d.remove(*id);
+            }
+            sel.prune(d);
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+        if s.tool_id() == "artboard" {
+            s.set_tool_option("active", &json!(i.saturating_sub(1)));
+        }
+    }
+    s.clipboard = clip;
+    Ok(json!({"copied": copied}))
+}
+
+/// Add a copy of artboard `i` moved by `dv`, with copies of its guides and of its `art` (each just
+/// above its original) moved along → (the copy's index, the art's copies). Duplicate Artboards and
+/// Alt-drag.
+pub(crate) fn copy_artboard(
+    d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document,
+    i: usize,
+    dv: Vec2,
+    art: &[NodeId],
+    scale_strokes: bool,
+) -> Result<(usize, Vec<NodeId>)> {
+    let src = d.artboards.get(i).cloned().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+    let index = push_artboard_copy(d, &src, src.rect + dv);
+    // Its guides come along.
+    if let Some(id) = d.artboards.get(index).map(|a| a.id) {
+        d.copy_artboard_guides(src.id, id, dv);
+    }
+    let mut copies = Vec::with_capacity(art.len());
+    for id in art {
+        let (Some((parent, at, _)), Some(n)) = (d.position(*id), d.node(*id).cloned()) else { continue };
+        let mut c = d.reid(&n);
+        c.transform(Affine::translate(dv), scale_strokes);
+        copies.push(d.insert(parent, at + 1, c)?);
+    }
+    Ok((index, copies))
+}
+
+/// Add a copy of artboard `src` at `rect`, with an id of its own and its name, or `<name> copy`
+/// (`<name> copy 2`…) when that is taken → its index.
+pub(crate) fn push_artboard_copy(d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document, src: &vectorcraft_doc::Artboard, rect: Rect) -> usize {
     let mut a = src.clone();
     a.id = d.artboards.iter().map(|a| a.id).max().unwrap_or(0).saturating_add(1);
     let taken = |name: &str| d.artboards.iter().any(|a| a.name == name);
-    a.name = std::iter::once(format!("{} copy", src.name))
+    a.name = [src.name.clone(), format!("{} copy", src.name)]
+        .into_iter()
         .chain((2u64..).map(|i| format!("{} copy {i}", src.name)))
         .find(|name| !taken(name))
         .unwrap_or_default();
@@ -77,6 +180,9 @@ pub(crate) fn push_artboard_copy(d: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Document, src: &vector
 
 // ---------- text ----------
 
+/// Largest indent or paragraph spacing (points; Illustrator's limit).
+const MAX_PARA: f64 = 1296.0;
+
 fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "text.setFormat";
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = {
@@ -115,10 +221,20 @@ fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         "direction",
         "leadingModel",
         "charAlign",
+        "burasagari",
+        "composer",
     ];
     if !keys.iter().any(|k| p.get(*k).is_some()) {
         return Err(bad(C, "nothing to change"));
     }
+    let composer = match p.get("composer") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => None,
+        Some(v) => Some(match v.as_str() {
+            Some("singleLine") => Composer::SingleLine,
+            Some("everyLine") => Composer::EveryLine,
+            _ => return Err(bad(C, "composer must be \"singleLine\" or \"everyLine\"")),
+        }),
+    };
     let (position, small_caps) = super::docsetup::script_params(p, &s.doc()?.doc.setup, C)?;
     let char_align = super::textedit::char_align_param(p, C)?;
     let mojikumi = match p.get("mojikumi") {
@@ -146,11 +262,20 @@ fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             _ => return Err(bad(C, "`leadingModel` must be \"romanBaseline\" or \"emBoxTop\"")),
         }),
     };
+    let burasagari = match p.get("burasagari") {
+        None => None,
+        Some(v) => Some(match v.as_str() {
+            Some("none") => vectorcraft_doc::Burasagari::None,
+            Some("standard") => vectorcraft_doc::Burasagari::Standard,
+            Some("forced") => vectorcraft_doc::Burasagari::Forced,
+            _ => return Err(bad(C, "`burasagari` must be \"none\", \"standard\" or \"forced\"")),
+        }),
+    };
+    let range = super::typecmd::TextRange::parse(p, C)?;
     s.edit("Character", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
-            for r in &mut t.runs {
-                let st = &mut r.style;
+            super::typecmd::style_chars(t, range, |st| {
                 if let Some(k) = kerning {
                     st.kerning = k;
                 }
@@ -184,35 +309,43 @@ fn set_format(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 if let Some(v) = char_align {
                     st.char_align = v;
                 }
-            }
-            let para = &mut t.para;
-            if let Some(v) = num("leftIndent") {
-                para.left_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("rightIndent") {
-                para.right_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("firstLineIndent") {
-                para.first_line_indent = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("spaceBefore") {
-                para.space_before = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = num("spaceAfter") {
-                para.space_after = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = flag("hyphenate") {
-                para.hyphenate = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = mojikumi {
-                para.mojikumi = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = direction {
-                para.direction = v;
-            }
-            if let Some(v) = leading_model {
-                para.leading_model = v;
-            }
+            });
+            let span = super::typecmd::para_span(range, t);
+            t.edit_paras(span, |para| {
+                if let Some(v) = num("leftIndent") {
+                    para.left_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("rightIndent") {
+                    para.right_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("firstLineIndent") {
+                    para.first_line_indent = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("spaceBefore") {
+                    para.space_before = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = num("spaceAfter") {
+                    para.space_after = v.clamp(-MAX_PARA, MAX_PARA);
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = flag("hyphenate") {
+                    para.hyphenate = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = mojikumi {
+                    para.mojikumi = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = direction {
+                    para.direction = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = leading_model {
+                    para.leading_model = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = burasagari {
+                    para.burasagari = v;
+                }
+                if let Some(v) = composer {
+                    para.composer = v;
+                }
+            });
             super::typecmd::refresh_bounds(t);
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/path.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeId, NodeKind};
-use vectorcraft_geom::{Anchor, AnchorKind, PathData, Point, SubPath, Vec2};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{AnchorKind, PathData, Point, SubPath, Vec2};
 
 use super::create::anchor_from_json;
 use super::*;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Convert Anchor Points",
             [],
             None,
-            "{to: \"corner\"|\"smooth\"} (Control bar convert buttons)",
+            "{to: \"corner\"|\"smooth\"} convert the direct-selected anchors (all anchors of fully selected paths) as one undo step: corner retracts both handles, smooth pulls handles in line with the neighbours (smooth anchors keep theirs)",
             has_selection,
             convert_anchors
         ),
@@ -104,7 +104,15 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             reshape
         ),
         cmd!("path.insertAnchor", "Add Anchor Point", [], None, "{id, subpath, segment, t: 0..1}", has_doc, insert_anchor),
-        cmd!("path.cutAtAnchors", "Cut Path at Selected Anchor Points", [], None, "{}", has_selection, cut_at_anchors),
+        cmd!(
+            "path.cutAtAnchors",
+            "Cut Path at Selected Anchor Points",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{} cut the paths at their direct-selected anchors (one undo step): a closed path opens there, an open one becomes one path per piece; one of each cut's two coincident anchors stays selected → {ids}",
+            has_anchors,
+            cut_at_anchors
+        ),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -386,41 +394,24 @@ fn average(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 }
 
 fn convert_anchors(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "path.convertAnchors";
+    let smooth = match str_param(p, "to") {
+        Some("smooth") => true,
+        Some("corner") => false,
+        _ => return Err(bad(C, "`to` must be \"corner\" or \"smooth\"")),
+    };
     let t = anchor_targets(s)?;
-    let smooth = str_param(p, "to") == Some("smooth");
+    if t.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "select paths or anchor points"));
+    }
     s.edit("Convert Anchor Points", |d, _| {
         for (id, v) in &t {
             let path = path_mut(d, *id)?;
             for &(si, ai) in v {
-                let sp = &path.subpaths[si];
-                let n = sp.anchors.len();
-                let prev = if ai > 0 {
-                    Some(sp.anchors[ai - 1].p)
-                } else if sp.closed {
-                    Some(sp.anchors[n - 1].p)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
-                let next = if ai + 1 < n {
-                    Some(sp.anchors[ai + 1].p)
-                } else if sp.closed {
-                    Some(sp.anchors[0].p)
-                } else {
-                    None
-                };
-                let a: &mut Anchor = &mut path.subpaths[si].anchors[ai];
+                let Some(sp) = path.subpaths.get_mut(si) else { continue };
                 if smooth {
-                    // Handles parallel to prev→next, a third of the neighbour distances.
-                    let (pp, nn) = (prev.unwrap_or(a.p), next.unwrap_or(a.p));
-                    let dir = nn - pp;
-                    let l = dir.hypot();
-                    if l > 1e-9 {
-                        let u = dir / l;
-                        a.h_in = a.p - u * (a.p.distance(pp) / 3.0);
-                        a.h_out = a.p + u * (a.p.distance(nn) / 3.0);
-                        a.kind = AnchorKind::Smooth;
-                    }
-                } else {
+                    sp.smooth_anchor(ai);
+                } else if let Some(a) = sp.anchors.get_mut(ai) {
                     a.retract();
                 }
             }
@@ -519,40 +510,50 @@ fn insert_anchor(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 }
 
 fn cut_at_anchors(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let sel = s.doc()?.selection.anchors.clone();
-    s.edit("Cut Path", |d, _| {
-        for (id, set) in &sel {
-            let path = path_mut(d, *id)?;
-            let mut out = vec![];
-            for (si, sp) in path.subpaths.iter().enumerate() {
-                let cuts: Vec<usize> = set.iter().filter(|(s, _)| *s == si).map(|(_, a)| *a).collect();
-                if cuts.is_empty() {
-                    out.push(sp.clone());
-                    continue;
-                }
-                let mut anchors = sp.anchors.clone();
-                if sp.closed {
-                    anchors.rotate_left(cuts[0]);
-                    anchors.push(anchors[0]);
-                }
-                let base = if sp.closed { cuts[0] } else { 0 };
-                let n = sp.anchors.len();
-                let rel: Vec<usize> = cuts.iter().map(|c| (c + n - base) % n).collect();
-                let mut cur = vec![];
-                for (i, a) in anchors.iter().enumerate() {
-                    cur.push(*a);
-                    if rel.contains(&(i % n)) && cur.len() > 1 {
-                        out.push(SubPath::new(std::mem::take(&mut cur), false));
-                        cur.push(*a);
-                    }
-                }
-                if cur.len() > 1 {
-                    out.push(SubPath::new(cur, false));
-                }
-            }
-            path.subpaths = out;
+    const C: &str = "path.cutAtAnchors";
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    // Each selected path's subpaths cut at its selected anchors, those that cut anything.
+    let mut cuts: Vec<(NodeId, Vec<SubPath>, Vec<bool>)> = vec![];
+    for (id, set) in &st.selection.anchors {
+        let Some(pd) = st.doc.node(*id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()) else { continue };
+        let (mut subs, mut starts) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        for (si, sp) in pd.subpaths.iter().enumerate() {
+            let at: BTreeSet<usize> = set.iter().filter(|(s, _)| *s == si).map(|(_, a)| *a).collect();
+            let pieces = sp.cut_at(&at);
+            // The pieces that start at a cut: every piece of an opened closed subpath, all but the
+            // first of an open one.
+            starts.extend(pieces.iter().enumerate().map(|(k, piece)| if sp.closed { !piece.closed } else { k > 0 }));
+            subs.extend(pieces);
         }
-        Ok(())
+        if starts.contains(&true) {
+            cuts.push((*id, subs, starts));
+        }
+    }
+    if cuts.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad(C, "direct-select anchor points to cut at (not the end points of open paths)"));
+    }
+    let ids = s.edit("Cut Path", |d, sel| {
+        let (mut all, mut picked) = (vec![], vec![]);
+        for (id, subs, starts) in cuts {
+            // A path of one subpath becomes one path per piece (the first keeps the id); the
+            // pieces of a compound shape stay subpaths of it.
+            if d.node(id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).is_some_and(|pd| pd.subpaths.len() == 1) {
+                let ids = super::draw2::replace_with_pieces(d, id, subs.into_iter().map(PathData::single).collect())?;
+                picked.extend(ids.iter().zip(&starts).filter(|(_, s)| **s).map(|(id, _)| (*id, (0, 0))));
+                all.extend(ids);
+            } else {
+                path_mut(d, id)?.subpaths = subs;
+                picked.extend(starts.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, s)| **s).map(|(si, _)| (id, (si, 0))));
+                all.push(id);
+            }
+        }
+        // Each cut leaves one of its two coincident anchors selected, so a drag pulls the ends apart.
+        sel.clear();
+        for (id, a) in picked {
+            sel.add(id);
+            sel.anchors.entry(id).or_default().insert(a);
+        }
+        Ok(all)
     })?;
-    ok()
+    Ok(super::draw2::ids_json(&ids))
 }

crates/engine/src/cmd/place/adopt.rs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ fn refs(n: &mut Node, f: &mut impl FnMut(Ref)) {
                 }
             }
             NodeKind::Image(im) => f(Ref::Image(&mut im.key)),
+            NodeKind::PlacedDocument(pl) => f(Ref::Image(&mut pl.key)),
             NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol, .. } => f(Ref::Symbol(symbol)),
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ fn copies(m: &Renames) -> Vec<(&str, &str)> {
 
 /// Bring the resources `nodes` (art from `src`) use into `dst`, renaming on conflict, and point
 /// `nodes` at the names they got.
-pub(super) fn adopt(dst: &mut Document, src: &Document, nodes: &mut [Node]) {
+pub(crate) fn adopt(dst: &mut Document, src: &Document, nodes: &mut [Node]) {
     let mut used = Used::default();
     for n in nodes.iter_mut() {
         refs(n, &mut |r| used.note(r));

crates/engine/src/cmd/place/document.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+//! Placed documents (`file.place` of a VectorCraft document from a file, with `link`): one
+//! locked object showing an artboard of the document, a [`PlacedDocument`].
+//!
+//! The object keeps the file's bytes (in the document's images, like image data) and the link; the
+//! art it shows is read from them the way placing the file without Link reads it
+//! ([`document_art`]: the artboard's art, with the file's own linked images found), so Break Link
+//! and Object › Expand ([`expand`]) give exactly that editable copy. The Links commands
+//! ([`super::super::links`]) tell when the file changed and read it again.
+//!
+//! Each placed file also gets a preview ([`PREVIEW_PX_PER_PT`]; JPEG when opaque, else PNG), kept
+//! as the blob's [`ImageBlob::proxy`]: a save writes only the preview (unless Include Linked
+//! Files), as for linked images. The file is read again when it is needed ([`read_file_again`]:
+//! output, or the screen zoomed past the preview), while it is unchanged, and output falls back to
+//! the preview with a warning when it can't be ([`full_documents`]).
+
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use vectorcraft_doc::links::hash_bytes;
+use vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::{PREVIEW_MAX, PREVIEW_PX_PER_PT, key_for};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, ImageBlob, LinkInfo, Node, NodeKind, PlacedDocument, PlacementOptions};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, Rect};
+
+use super::super::fileio;
+use super::super::*;
+
+/// The largest file placed (bytes).
+pub(crate) const MAX_FILE: usize = 256 << 20;
+/// The format ids of VectorCraft documents.
+const NATIVE: [&str; 2] = ["vectorcraft", "template"];
+/// The type a placed file's bytes are stored with.
+const MIME: &str = "application/json";
+
+/// Is `name` with `bytes` a VectorCraft document?
+pub(crate) fn is_native(name: &str, bytes: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    fileio::detect(name, bytes).is_some_and(|f| NATIVE.contains(&f.id))
+}
+
+/// An artboard of a VectorCraft document, read as art to place.
+pub(crate) struct DocumentArt {
+    /// The document, its layers taken: the art's resources.
+    pub doc: Document,
+    /// The art on the artboard (guides, hidden and template layers left out).
+    pub nodes: Vec<Node>,
+    /// The artboard the art is clipped to (`None`: the art's bounds are shown).
+    pub clip: Option<Rect>,
+    /// What is shown: the artboard, or the art's bounds.
+    pub frame: Rect,
+    pub warnings: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// Artboard `page` (1-based) of the VectorCraft document `name` (`bytes`, read from `path` when
+/// there is one, so its linked images are found), clipped to the artboard unless `bounding`.
+pub(crate) fn document_art(name: &str, bytes: &[u8], path: Option<&str>, page: u32, bounding: bool, cmd: &str) -> Result<DocumentArt> {
+    let file = fileio::file_name(name);
+    if !is_native(name, bytes) {
+        return Err(bad(cmd, format!("`{file}` isn't a VectorCraft document")));
+    }
+    if bytes.len() > MAX_FILE {
+        return Err(bad(cmd, format!("`{file}` is over {} MB", MAX_FILE >> 20)));
+    }
+    let mut l = fileio::load(name, bytes)?;
+    // Its linked images show their files; its placed documents stay as they are.
+    super::super::links::resolve(&mut l.doc, path, false);
+    l.doc.drop_edit_modes();
+    let n = l.doc.artboards.len();
+    let board = (page as usize).checked_sub(1).and_then(|i| l.doc.artboards.get(i)).map(|a| a.rect);
+    let board = board.ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("page {page}: `{file}` has {n} artboard(s)")))?;
+    let layers = std::mem::take(&mut l.doc.layers);
+    let nodes = super::on_artboard(&layers, board);
+    let frame = if bounding { nodes.iter().fold(None, |acc, n| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, n.visual_bounds())) } else { Some(board) };
+    let frame = frame.filter(|r| r.width() > 0.0 || r.height() > 0.0).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("`{file}` has no art to place")))?;
+    Ok(DocumentArt { doc: l.doc, nodes, clip: (!bounding).then_some(board), frame, warnings: l.warnings })
+}
+
+/// `nodes` as one group, clipped to `clip` (its own ids: what drawing reads).
+fn group(nodes: Vec<Node>, clip: Option<Rect>) -> Node {
+    let mut children: Vec<Arc<Node>> = nodes.into_iter().map(Arc::new).collect();
+    if let Some(r) = clip {
+        children.insert(0, Arc::new(super::clip_path(NodeId(0), r)));
+    }
+    Node::new(NodeId(0), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: clip.is_some() })
+}
+
+/// `p`'s file (`bytes`) read as the art it shows: how the document model reads placed documents
+/// ([`vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::set_loader`]).
+pub(crate) fn read_document(p: &PlacedDocument, bytes: &[u8]) -> Option<(Document, Node, Rect)> {
+    let a = document_art(p.link.name(), bytes, Some(&p.link.path), p.page(), p.bounding, "draw").ok()?;
+    Some((a.doc, group(a.nodes, a.clip), a.frame))
+}
+
+/// `p`'s file read again, while it is the file it was read from (how the document model gets it
+/// when only the preview is stored, [`vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::set_file_reader`]).
+pub(crate) fn read_file_again(p: &PlacedDocument) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let bytes = fileio::read_file(&p.link.path).ok()?;
+    if p.link.hash.as_ref().is_some_and(|h| *h != hash_bytes(&bytes)) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    Some(bytes)
+}
+
+/// A VectorCraft document read for placing linked.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct Source {
+    /// The file's bytes, with their preview.
+    pub blob: ImageBlob,
+    /// The blob's key ([`key_for`]).
+    pub key: String,
+    /// What is shown, in the file's coordinates: the artboard or the art's bounds.
+    pub frame: Rect,
+    pub warnings: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// The VectorCraft document `name` (`bytes`, from `path` when there is one) read for showing
+/// artboard `page` (its art's bounds when `bounding`).
+pub(crate) fn source(name: &str, bytes: &[u8], path: Option<&str>, page: u32, bounding: bool, cmd: &str) -> Result<Source> {
+    // The same document placed the same way is read once (placing it again is free).
+    let key = key_for(&hash_bytes(bytes), page, bounding);
+    if let Some(s) = lock_memo().iter().find(|s| s.key == key).cloned() {
+        return Ok(s);
+    }
+    let a = document_art(name, bytes, path, page, bounding, cmd)?;
+    let mut blob = ImageBlob::new(MIME, bytes.to_vec());
+    let shown = PlacedDocument {
+        link: LinkInfo { page: Some(page), ..LinkInfo::new(path.unwrap_or(name)) },
+        key: key.clone(),
+        bounding,
+        width: a.frame.width(),
+        height: a.frame.height(),
+        xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
+        placement: PlacementOptions::default(),
+    };
+    let art = group(a.nodes, a.clip);
+    blob.proxy = preview(&a.doc, &art, a.frame).map(Arc::new);
+    // Drawing it needn't read it again.
+    vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::prime(&shown, blob.bytes.clone(), (a.doc, art, a.frame));
+    let s = Source { blob, key, frame: a.frame, warnings: a.warnings };
+    let mut m = lock_memo();
+    if m.len() >= MEMO_SIZE {
+        m.remove(0);
+    }
+    m.push(s.clone());
+    Ok(s)
+}
+
+/// The most files remembered.
+const MEMO_SIZE: usize = 32;
+
+/// Files read lately for placing, by key.
+static MEMO: std::sync::Mutex<Vec<Source>> = std::sync::Mutex::new(Vec::new());
+
+fn lock_memo() -> std::sync::MutexGuard<'static, Vec<Source>> {
+    // Entries are only pushed and removed: a panic while held leaves it whole.
+    MEMO.lock().unwrap_or_else(std::sync::PoisonError::into_inner)
+}
+
+/// The preview of `art` (of document `doc`, showing `frame`): [`PREVIEW_PX_PER_PT`], at most
+/// [`PREVIEW_MAX`] pixels a side; JPEG when opaque (inside its outer pixels), else PNG.
+fn preview(doc: &Document, art: &Node, frame: Rect) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    let k = PREVIEW_PX_PER_PT.min(PREVIEW_MAX as f64 / frame.width().max(frame.height()).max(1e-9));
+    let side = |v: f64| (v * k).round().clamp(1.0, PREVIEW_MAX as f64) as u32;
+    let (w, h) = (side(frame.width()), side(frame.height()));
+    let view = Affine::scale_non_uniform(w as f64 / frame.width().max(1e-9), h as f64 / frame.height().max(1e-9))
+        * Affine::translate((-frame.x0, -frame.y0));
+    let mut r = vectorcraft_render::Renderer::new();
+    let img = vectorcraft_render::placed_document::render_inside(&mut r, doc, &Arc::new(art.clone()), w as u16, h as u16, view)?;
+    // Premultiplied → straight.
+    let px = img
+        .pixels
+        .as_chunks::<4>()
+        .0
+        .iter()
+        .flat_map(|&[r, g, b, a]| {
+            let un = |c: u8| if a == 0 { 0 } else { ((c as u32 * 255 + a as u32 / 2) / a as u32).min(255) as u8 };
+            [un(r), un(g), un(b), a]
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let rgba = image::RgbaImage::from_raw(w, h, px)?;
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    // Opaque but for the edge's anti-aliasing (an artboard drawn to whole pixels) and compositing's
+    // rounding: JPEG.
+    let inner = |x: u32, y: u32| x > 0 && y > 0 && x + 1 < w && y + 1 < h;
+    if rgba.enumerate_pixels().all(|(x, y, p)| p[3] >= 250 || !inner(x, y)) {
+        let rgb = image::DynamicImage::ImageRgba8(rgba).to_rgb8();
+        image::codecs::jpeg::JpegEncoder::new_with_quality(&mut out, 80).encode_image(&rgb).ok()?;
+    } else {
+        rgba.write_to(&mut std::io::Cursor::new(&mut out), image::ImageFormat::Png).ok()?;
+    }
+    Some(out)
+}
+
+/// `s` stored in `d` (objects showing the same thing share one blob).
+pub(crate) fn store(d: &mut Document, s: &Source) {
+    d.images.entry(s.key.clone()).or_insert_with(|| s.blob.clone());
+}
+
+/// A new placed document of `d` showing `s` at 100%, where its art lies in the file.
+pub(crate) fn node(d: &mut Document, s: &Source, link: LinkInfo, bounding: bool) -> Node {
+    store(d, s);
+    let placed = PlacedDocument {
+        link,
+        key: s.key.clone(),
+        bounding,
+        width: s.frame.width(),
+        height: s.frame.height(),
+        xf: Affine::translate((s.frame.x0, s.frame.y0)),
+        placement: PlacementOptions::default(),
+    };
+    Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::PlacedDocument(Box::new(placed)))
+}
+
+/// `d` for output: the placed documents that keep only their previews get their files back,
+/// else (their files gone or changed) output as their previews, with a warning.
+pub(crate) fn full_documents(d: &Document) -> (Cow<'_, Document>, Vec<String>) {
+    let mut need: Vec<PlacedDocument> = vec![];
+    d.visit_placed(|_, p| {
+        if d.images.get(&p.key).is_some_and(ImageBlob::is_proxy) && !need.iter().any(|n| n.key == p.key) {
+            need.push(p.clone());
+        }
+    });
+    if need.is_empty() {
+        return (Cow::Borrowed(d), vec![]);
+    }
+    let mut out = d.clone();
+    let mut previews = BTreeSet::new();
+    for p in need {
+        let Some(blob) = d.images.get(&p.key) else { continue };
+        match vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::full_bytes(&p, blob) {
+            Some(bytes) => {
+                out.images.insert(p.key.clone(), ImageBlob { mime: MIME.into(), bytes, proxy: blob.proxy.clone() });
+            }
+            None => {
+                previews.insert(p.key);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut warnings = vec![];
+    if !previews.is_empty() {
+        warnings.push(format!(
+            "{} placed document(s) output as their previews: their files can't be found, or changed since they were read (relink or update them)",
+            previews.len()
+        ));
+        out.placed_as_previews(&previews);
+    }
+    (Cow::Owned(out), warnings)
+}
+
+/// Placed document `id` of `d` replaced by an editable copy of its art, as placing its file
+/// without Link gives (its resources joining `d`, renamed where `d` uses a name for something
+/// else), keeping the object's id, place, name and transparency: Break Link and Object › Expand.
+pub(crate) fn expand(d: &mut Document, id: NodeId, cmd: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let n = d.node(id).cloned().ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+    let NodeKind::PlacedDocument(p) = &n.kind else { return Err(bad(cmd, format!("object {} is not a placed document", id.0))) };
+    let blob = d.images.get(&p.key).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("object {} has lost its file's contents: relink it", id.0)))?;
+    let bytes = vectorcraft_doc::placed_document::full_bytes(p, blob)
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("{} can't be read, or changed since it was read: relink or update it first", p.link.path)))?;
+    let a = document_art(p.link.name(), &bytes, Some(&p.link.path), p.page(), p.bounding, cmd)?;
+    let m = p.art_xf(a.frame).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("object {} has no size", id.0)))?;
+    let mut nodes = a.nodes;
+    super::adopt::adopt(d, &a.doc, &mut nodes);
+    let mut children: Vec<Arc<Node>> = nodes.iter().map(|n| Arc::new(d.reid(n))).collect();
+    if let Some(r) = a.clip {
+        children.insert(0, Arc::new(super::clip_path(d.alloc_id(), r)));
+    }
+    let art = super::transformed(Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: a.clip.is_some() }), m);
+    let mut out = n.clone();
+    out.kind = art.kind;
+    let (par, index, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+    d.remove(id)?;
+    d.insert(par, index, out)?;
+    Ok(())
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/place/mod.rs

@@ -16,13 +16,17 @@
 //!   (`crop: "bounding"`).
 //! - A text file becomes area type, decoded and cleaned up with the Text Import Options (`text`,
 //!   [`text`]).
+//! - A VectorCraft document placed from a file with Link (the default) becomes a placed document:
+//!   one locked object showing the artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it
+//!   changes ([`document`]); without Link, an editable copy of its art.
 //!
 //! The art lands centred on `at`, fitted into `rect`, or (Replace) where the replaced object was,
 //! with its transform; Template puts it on a new template layer. The images, symbols, patterns and
 //! swatches it uses join the document ([`adopt`]). `file.place.queue` loads the place cursor (the
 //! `place` tool) with several files, which emits one `file.place` per click or drag.
 
-mod adopt;
+pub(crate) mod adopt;
+pub(crate) mod document;
 mod text;
 
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Place…",
             ["File"],
             Some("Cmd+Shift+P"),
-            "{path | name+dataBase64, link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside, aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default) | \"bounding\" (the art's bounds) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings}. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF (clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it) and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns and swatches they use. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard",
+            "{path | name+dataBase64, link?: true (a raster image keeps its file's path; a VectorCraft document at path becomes one locked placed document showing artboard `page`, linked to the file and read again when it changes (links.update; saving it in this app updates it at once), drawn as vectors in every output; false: an editable copy of its art, as from dataBase64; other files are embedded), text?: {characterSet?: \"unicode\" (UTF-8, or UTF-16 with a byte-order mark; other bytes as the platform's 8-bit set) | \"ansi\" (the platform's 8-bit set), platform?: \"windows\" (Windows-1252) | \"mac\" (Mac Roman), removeLineReturns?: false (each block of lines becomes one paragraph; blank lines end paragraphs), removeParagraphReturns?: false (drop blank lines), replaceSpaces?: n (runs of n ≥ 2 spaces become a tab)} (a .txt file, placed as area type filling rect, the replaced object's bounds, or else the artboard less a 36 pt margin), template?: false (onto a new locked template layer below the current layer), replace?: false (swap the one selected object, keeping its stacking place and transform; no at/rect), at?: [x, y] centre (default: the first artboard's centre), rect?: [x, y, width, height] fit inside, aspect kept (wins over at), page?: 1 (PDF/.ai page, or a native document's artboard), crop?: \"crop\" (clipped to that page or artboard, default) | \"bounding\" (the art's bounds) | \"art\" | \"trim\" | \"bleed\" | \"media\" (a PDF page's boxes), password? (an encrypted PDF), dxf?: {…the DXF options of document.open} (a .dxf drawing: fit fills the artboard under at, else the first; fitted or uncentred art lands with its drawing's artboard on that artboard, else it is centred on at)} → {ids, name, format, linked, width, height, warnings}. Raster images come in at 100% of their physical size (the file's ppi, else 72); SVG, DXF, PDF/.ai, EMF/WMF (clipped to the picture's frame), EPS (clipped to its bounding box; as document.open reads it) and native documents as one group, with the images, symbols, patterns and swatches they use. One undo step; selects what it placed (unless on a template layer); never touches the clipboard",
             has_doc,
             place
         ),
@@ -94,6 +98,9 @@ enum Art {
     Image(RasterImage),
     /// A text file's text, placed as area type filling the natural box.
     Text(String),
+    /// A VectorCraft document placed linked: the file read, the link, and whether the art's
+    /// bounds (not the artboard) are shown.
+    Document(document::Source, LinkInfo, bool),
     Vector {
         /// The loaded document: the source of the art's resources.
         src: Box<Document>,
@@ -157,6 +164,19 @@ fn load(p: &Value, cmd: &str, board: Option<Rect>) -> Result<Loaded> {
         ));
     }
     let crop = opts.crop != CropTo::Bounding;
+    // A VectorCraft document: placed linked from its file, else as an editable copy.
+    if matches!(format.id, "vectorcraft" | "template") {
+        let page = page as u32;
+        if let Some(path) = src.path.filter(|_| bool_or(p, "link", true)) {
+            let s = document::source(src.name, &src.bytes, Some(path), page, !crop, cmd)?;
+            let link = LinkInfo { page: Some(page), ..super::links::link_info(path, &src.bytes) };
+            let (natural, warnings) = (s.frame, s.warnings.clone());
+            return Ok(Loaded { name, format, art: Art::Document(s, link.clone(), !crop), natural, warnings, link: Some(link), board: None });
+        }
+        let a = document::document_art(src.name, &src.bytes, src.path, page, !crop, cmd)?;
+        let art = Art::Vector { src: Box::new(a.doc), nodes: a.nodes, clip: a.clip };
+        return Ok(Loaded { name, format, art, natural: a.frame, warnings: a.warnings, link: None, board: None });
+    }
     if format.raster {
         let img = fileio::raster_image(&src.bytes)?;
         let (sx, sy) = pt_per_px(img.ppi);
@@ -176,7 +196,7 @@ fn load(p: &Value, cmd: &str, board: Option<Rect>) -> Result<Loaded> {
             // Of the open options, only a DXF drawing's apply (the colour mode stays the file's).
             let o = fileio::LoadOptions { dxf: opts.dxf, ..Default::default() };
             let mut l = fileio::load_with(src.name, &src.bytes, &o)?;
-            // Linked images (a native document's) show their files, found from its folder.
+            // Linked images show their files, found from its folder.
             super::links::resolve(&mut l.doc, src.path, false);
             (l.doc, l.warnings)
         }
@@ -190,22 +210,31 @@ fn load(p: &Value, cmd: &str, board: Option<Rect>) -> Result<Loaded> {
         // The page placed is a PDF import's only one.
         let index = if pdf { 0 } else { page - 1 };
         let n = doc.artboards.len();
-        let board = doc.artboards.get(index).map(|a| a.rect).ok_or_else(|| {
-            let what = if matches!(format.id, "vectorcraft" | "template") { "artboard" } else { "page" };
-            bad(cmd, format!("page {page}: `{name}` has {n} {what}(s)"))
-        })?;
-        // A PDF import has one layer per page; a native document's (or an EPS file's) art is
-        // whatever lies on the artboard.
-        let pages: Vec<&Arc<Node>> = if pdf { layers.get(index).into_iter().collect() } else { layers.iter().collect() };
-        let on_board = |c: &&Arc<Node>| c.visual_bounds().is_some_and(|b| b.intersect(board).area() > 0.0 || board.contains(b.origin()));
-        let nodes = art_of(pages.into_iter().filter(|l| placeable(l)).flat_map(|l| l.children().into_iter().flatten()).filter(on_board));
-        (nodes, crop.then_some(board))
+        let board = doc.artboards.get(index).map(|a| a.rect).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("page {page}: `{name}` has {n} page(s)")))?;
+        // A PDF import has one layer per page; an EPS file's art is whatever lies on the artboard.
+        let pages = if pdf { layers.get(index..=index).unwrap_or_default() } else { &layers[..] };
+        (on_artboard(pages, board), crop.then_some(board))
     };
     let natural = clip.or_else(|| nodes.iter().fold(None, |acc, n| vectorcraft_geom::union_opt(acc, n.visual_bounds())));
     let natural = natural.filter(|r| r.width() > 0.0 || r.height() > 0.0).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("`{name}` has no art to place")))?;
     Ok(Loaded { name, format, art: Art::Vector { src: Box::new(doc), nodes, clip }, natural, warnings, link: None, board })
 }
 
+/// The placeable art of `layers` that lies on `board`.
+fn on_artboard(layers: &[Arc<Node>], board: Rect) -> Vec<Node> {
+    let on_board = |c: &&Arc<Node>| c.visual_bounds().is_some_and(|b| b.intersect(board).area() > 0.0 || board.contains(b.origin()));
+    art_of(layers.iter().filter(|l| placeable(l)).flat_map(|l| l.children().into_iter().flatten()).filter(on_board))
+}
+
+/// A clipping path of rectangle `r`, with id `id`.
+fn clip_path(id: NodeId, r: Rect) -> Node {
+    let mut c = Node::path(id, shapes::rectangle(r), Appearance::basic(Paint::None, Paint::None, 0.0));
+    if let NodeKind::Path { clipping, .. } = &mut c.kind {
+        *clipping = true;
+    }
+    c
+}
+
 /// A visible, non-template layer.
 fn placeable(l: &Node) -> bool {
     l.visible && !matches!(l.kind, NodeKind::Layer { template: true, .. })
@@ -243,15 +272,12 @@ fn build(d: &mut Document, l: Loaded, link: Option<LinkInfo>) -> Node {
             Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Image(im))
         }
         Art::Text(t) => Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Text(Box::new(text::area_text(t, l.natural)))),
+        Art::Document(s, link, bounding) => document::node(d, &s, link, bounding),
         Art::Vector { src, mut nodes, clip } => {
             adopt::adopt(d, &src, &mut nodes);
             let mut children: Vec<Arc<Node>> = nodes.iter().map(|n| Arc::new(d.reid(n))).collect();
             if let Some(r) = clip {
-                let mut c = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), shapes::rectangle(r), Appearance::basic(Paint::None, Paint::None, 0.0));
-                if let NodeKind::Path { clipping, .. } = &mut c.kind {
-                    *clipping = true;
-                }
-                children.insert(0, Arc::new(c));
+                children.insert(0, Arc::new(clip_path(d.alloc_id(), r)));
             }
             Node::new(d.alloc_id(), NodeKind::Group { children, clip: clip.is_some() })
         }

crates/engine/src/cmd/place/text.rs

@@ -197,8 +197,7 @@ pub(super) fn area_text(text: String, frame: Rect) -> vectorcraft_doc::TextObjec
         run.text = text;
     }
     t.kind = vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame: shapes::rectangle(Rect::from_origin_size(Point::ORIGIN, frame.size())) };
-    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &t);
-    t.cached_bounds = Some(lay.bounds);
+    crate::cmd::typecmd::refresh_bounds(&mut t);
     t
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/prefscmds.rs

@@ -82,8 +82,11 @@ pub const UNITS: &[(&str, &str)] = &[
     ("feet", "Feet"),
 ];
 const LINE_STYLE: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("lines", "Lines"), ("dots", "Dots")];
-/// Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`), read by the desktop app at startup.
-pub const GPU_PREFERENCES: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("powerSaving", "Power Saving (integrated)"), ("highPerformance", "High Performance (discrete)")];
+/// Performance › Graphics Processor (`gpuPreference`), read by the desktop app at startup. The
+/// values are WebGPU's power preferences plus `automatic`; 0.5.0's default, `powerSaving`, reads as
+/// `automatic` (#502).
+pub const GPU_PREFERENCES: &[(&str, &str)] =
+    &[("automatic", "Automatic"), ("lowPower", "Power Saving (integrated)"), ("highPerformance", "High Performance (discrete)")];
 const BLACK: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("accurate", "Display All Blacks Accurately"), ("rich", "Display All Blacks as Rich Black")];
 const BLACK_OUT: &[(&str, &str)] = &[("accurate", "Output All Blacks Accurately"), ("rich", "Output All Blacks as Rich Black")];
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/print.rs

@@ -118,6 +118,9 @@ fn print(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         let preset = given.or(Some(set.advanced.flattener_preset.as_str()).filter(|n| !n.trim().is_empty())).unwrap_or("medium");
         set.advanced.flattener_preset = preset.to_string();
     }
+    // Placed documents print their files' art.
+    let (full, _) = super::place::document::full_documents(doc);
+    let doc = &*full;
     // Raster effects print as images at the document's raster effects resolution.
     let flat = super::rasterfx::flatten_raster_effects(doc);
     let doc = flat.as_ref().unwrap_or(doc);

crates/engine/src/cmd/select.rs

@@ -27,10 +27,34 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
         cmd!("select.nextBelow", "Next Object Below", ["Select"], Some("Cmd+Alt+["), "{}", has_selection, |s, _| step(s, -1)),
         cmd!("select.set", "Select Objects", [], None, "{ids: [id…]}", has_doc, set),
         cmd!("select.add", "Add to Selection", [], None, "{ids: [id…]}", has_doc, add),
-        cmd!("select.toggle", "Toggle Selection", [], None, "{id}", has_doc, toggle),
-        cmd!("select.key", "Set Key Object", [], None, "{id?} (none clears)", has_doc, key),
+        cmd!(
+            "select.toggle",
+            "Toggle Selection",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{id} or {ids: [id…]}: each selected one leaves the selection, the others join it",
+            has_doc,
+            toggle
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "select.key",
+            "Set Key Object",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{id?: a selected object (the Selection tool: a click on one object of a selection of several; on the key again: none)} the key object Align aligns to and Distribute Spacing spaces from; none clears it",
+            has_doc,
+            key
+        ),
         cmd!("select.anchors", "Select Anchors", [], None, "{id, anchors: [[subpath, anchor]…], mode: \"set\"|\"add\"|\"toggle\"}", has_doc, anchors),
-        cmd!("select.anchorsMany", "Select Anchors", [], None, "{items: [{id, anchors}], add?: bool}", has_doc, anchors_many),
+        cmd!(
+            "select.anchorsMany",
+            "Select Anchors",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{items: [{id, anchors}], mode?: \"set\"|\"add\"|\"toggle\"|\"subtract\" (set by default; add: true is mode add)}: toggle selects the anchors not selected and deselects the others, subtract deselects them; a path left with none leaves the selection",
+            has_doc,
+            anchors_many
+        ),
         cmd!(
             "select.same.fillColor",
             "Fill Color",
@@ -217,8 +241,12 @@ fn add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 }
 
 fn toggle(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
-    let id = id_param(p, "id").ok_or_else(|| bad("select.toggle", "missing id"))?;
-    s.select(|_, sel| sel.toggle(id))?;
+    let ids = ids_param(p, "ids").or_else(|| id_param(p, "id").map(|id| vec![id])).ok_or_else(|| bad("select.toggle", "missing id or ids"))?;
+    s.select(|_, sel| {
+        for id in ids {
+            sel.toggle(id);
+        }
+    })?;
     ok()
 }
 
@@ -262,16 +290,48 @@ fn anchors_many(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         .and_then(Value::as_array)
         .map(|a| a.iter().filter_map(|it| Some((NodeId(it.get("id")?.as_u64()?), parse_refs(it.get("anchors")).into_iter().collect()))).collect())
         .unwrap_or_default();
-    let add = bool_or(p, "add", false);
+    // `add: true` is the older spelling of mode add.
+    let mode = match str_param(p, "mode") {
+        Some(m @ ("set" | "add" | "toggle" | "subtract")) => m,
+        Some(m) => return Err(bad("select.anchorsMany", format!("unknown mode {m:?}"))),
+        None if bool_or(p, "add", false) => "add",
+        None => "set",
+    };
     s.select(|d, sel| {
-        if !add {
+        if mode == "set" {
             sel.clear();
         }
         for (id, refs) in items {
-            let total = d.node(id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).map(|p| p.anchor_count()).unwrap_or(0);
+            let all: BTreeSet<(usize, usize)> =
+                d.node(id).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).map(|p| p.anchors().map(|(s, i, _)| (s, i)).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
+            // Anything but a path is selected, toggled or deselected as a whole.
+            if all.is_empty() {
+                match mode {
+                    "toggle" => sel.toggle(id),
+                    "subtract" => sel.remove(id),
+                    _ => sel.add(id),
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            // From the anchors selected now (all of them for a path selected as a whole).
+            let now = match sel.partial(id) {
+                Some(a) => a.clone(),
+                None if sel.contains(id) => all.clone(),
+                None => BTreeSet::new(),
+            };
+            let refs: BTreeSet<(usize, usize)> = refs.intersection(&all).copied().collect();
+            let next: BTreeSet<(usize, usize)> = match mode {
+                "toggle" => now.symmetric_difference(&refs).copied().collect(),
+                "subtract" => now.difference(&refs).copied().collect(),
+                _ => now.union(&refs).copied().collect(),
+            };
+            if next.is_empty() {
+                sel.remove(id);
+                continue;
+            }
             sel.add(id);
-            if refs.len() < total {
-                sel.anchors.entry(id).or_default().extend(refs);
+            if next.len() < all.len() {
+                sel.anchors.insert(id, next);
             } else {
                 sel.anchors.remove(&id);
             }

crates/engine/src/cmd/shaper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+//! Shaper compositions are groups of generated fills/strokes with transparent, editable source
+//! art retained underneath. Recipes select topology regions; source edits re-evaluate them in
+//! the same undo transaction. Rendering and exporters only see ordinary groups and paths.
+use super::*;
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+use vectorcraft_doc::shaper::{EdgeEdit, FILL_PREFIX, FaceEdit, FaceSelector, SOURCES, STROKE_PREFIX, ShaperSpec};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{Appearance, AppearanceItem, Document, Node, NodeId, NodeKind};
+use vectorcraft_geom::{FillRule, PathData, Point, Rect, Shape as _};
+use vectorcraft_pathops as po;
+use vectorcraft_tools::builder::{self as b, BuilderMap, Hit};
+
+const MAX_SOURCES: usize = 64;
+const MAX_POINTS: usize = 4096;
+const MAX_EDITS: usize = 8192;
+
+pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
+    vec![
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.scribble",
+            "Shaper",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{points: [[x,y]…], ids?: [id…] (default: nearby art), tolerance?: pt (4)} interior scribbles remove fills; scribbles through several regions merge with the origin fill; ending outside removes fills and boundary strokes; outside scribbles erase stroke pieces. Originals remain editable → {id, regions, strokes}",
+            has_doc,
+            scribble
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.select",
+            "Select Shaper Face",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{point: [x,y], source?: bool} click selects a group, then a face; source enters construction isolation and selects an original → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            select
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.release",
+            "Release Shaper Group",
+            ["Object", "Shaper"],
+            None,
+            "{id? (default: selection)} restore the original paths → {ids}",
+            has_doc,
+            release
+        ),
+        cmd!(
+            "shaper.expand",
+            "Expand Shaper Group",
+            ["Object", "Shaper"],
+            None,
+            "{id? (default: selection)} keep the visible result as ordinary paths → {id}",
+            has_doc,
+            expand
+        ),
+    ]
+}
+
+fn source_group(n: &Node) -> Option<&Node> {
+    n.shaper.as_ref()?;
+    n.children()?.first().map(AsRef::as_ref).filter(|g| g.name.as_deref() == Some(SOURCES))
+}
+fn sources(n: &Node) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
+    source_group(n).and_then(Node::children).cloned().unwrap_or_default()
+}
+fn finite(p: Point) -> bool {
+    p.x.is_finite() && p.y.is_finite() && p.x.abs() <= 1e9 && p.y.abs() <= 1e9
+}
+
+fn map_of(src: &[Arc<Node>]) -> Result<BuilderMap> {
+    if src.is_empty() || src.len() > MAX_SOURCES {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "Shaper needs 1–64 source paths"));
+    }
+    let mut count = 0usize;
+    let mut shapes = vec![];
+    for (i, n) in src.iter().enumerate() {
+        let (mut path, rule) = b::node_outline(n).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.scribble", "use paths or compound paths"))?;
+        count = count.saturating_add(path.subpaths.iter().map(|s| s.segment_count()).sum::<usize>());
+        if count > 4096 || path.subpaths.iter().flat_map(|s| &s.anchors).any(|a| !finite(a.p) || !finite(a.h_in) || !finite(a.h_out)) {
+            return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "source paths are too large for Shaper"));
+        }
+        if !n.visible {
+            path = PathData::default();
+        } else if !n.appearance.fill_paint().is_none() {
+            for sub in path.subpaths.iter_mut().filter(|s| !s.closed) {
+                sub.closed = po::encloses_area(sub);
+            }
+        }
+        shapes.push(po::Shape::new(path, rule, i as u64));
+    }
+    let arrangement = po::shape_builder(&shapes, true);
+    let bounded = |pieces: Vec<po::Shape>| pieces.into_iter().filter_map(|p| p.path.bounds().map(|b| (p, b))).collect();
+    let regions = arrangement
+        .regions
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter_map(|r| {
+            let bounds = r.path.bounds()?;
+            let path = r.path.to_bezpath();
+            Some((r, path, bounds))
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let map = BuilderMap { shapes, regions, edges: bounded(arrangement.edges), lines: bounded(arrangement.lines) };
+    if map.regions.is_empty() && map.lines.is_empty() && map.edges.is_empty() {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "these paths are too degenerate for Shaper"));
+    }
+    Ok(map)
+}
+
+fn relative(src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize, p: Point) -> Point {
+    let b = src.get(i).and_then(|n| n.geometric_bounds()).unwrap_or(Rect::ZERO);
+    Point::new((p.x - b.x0) / b.width().max(1e-9), (p.y - b.y0) / b.height().max(1e-9))
+}
+fn absolute(src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize, p: Point) -> Point {
+    let b = src.get(i).and_then(|n| n.geometric_bounds()).unwrap_or(Rect::ZERO);
+    Point::new(b.x0 + p.x * b.width(), b.y0 + p.y * b.height())
+}
+fn face_selector(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], i: usize) -> Option<FaceSelector> {
+    let (r, _, bounds) = map.regions.get(i)?;
+    let source = *r.sources.first()?;
+    let point = po::interior_point(&r.path).unwrap_or(bounds.center());
+    Some(FaceSelector { sources: r.sources.clone(), anchor: relative(src, source, point) })
+}
+fn selected_face(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], selector: &FaceSelector) -> Option<usize> {
+    let point = absolute(src, *selector.sources.first()?, selector.anchor);
+    map.regions
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, (r, _, _))| r.sources == selector.sources)
+        .min_by(|(_, a), (_, b)| {
+            let distance = |r: &b::Face| if r.1.winding(point) != 0 { 0.0 } else { r.2.center().distance(point) };
+            distance(a).total_cmp(&distance(b))
+        })
+        .map(|(i, _)| i)
+}
+fn piece_point(path: &PathData) -> Option<Point> {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::ParamCurve as _;
+    let sub = path.subpaths.first()?;
+    (sub.segment_count() > 0).then(|| sub.segment(sub.segment_count() / 2).eval(0.5))
+}
+fn pieces(map: &BuilderMap) -> Vec<&po::Shape> {
+    map.edges.iter().chain(&map.lines).map(|(p, _)| p).collect()
+}
+fn side_sources(map: &BuilderMap, p: &po::Shape) -> [Vec<usize>; 2] {
+    let mut sides = map.sides(p).map(|i| i.and_then(|i| map.regions.get(i)).map_or(vec![], |r| r.0.sources.clone()));
+    sides.sort();
+    sides
+}
+fn edge_selector(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], piece: &po::Shape) -> Option<EdgeEdit> {
+    let source = usize::try_from(piece.key).ok()?;
+    Some(EdgeEdit { source, sides: side_sources(map, piece), anchor: relative(src, source, piece_point(&piece.path)?), erase: true, paint: None })
+}
+fn selected_edge(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], edit: &EdgeEdit) -> Option<usize> {
+    let point = absolute(src, edit.source, edit.anchor);
+    pieces(map)
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, p)| p.key == edit.source as u64 && side_sources(map, p) == edit.sides)
+        .filter_map(|(i, p)| p.path.nearest(point).map(|(_, _, _, _, distance)| (i, distance)))
+        .min_by(|a, b| a.1.total_cmp(&b.1))
+        .map(|p| p.0)
+}
+fn face_edits<'a>(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], spec: &'a ShaperSpec) -> BTreeMap<usize, &'a FaceEdit> {
+    spec.faces.iter().filter_map(|e| selected_face(map, src, &e.selector).map(|i| (i, e))).collect()
+}
+fn fill_source(src: &[Arc<Node>], r: &po::Region) -> Option<usize> {
+    r.sources.iter().rev().copied().find(|i| src.get(*i).is_some_and(|s| s.visible && !s.appearance.fill_paint().is_none()))
+}
+/// Regions separated only by covered strokes are one visible face. A visible line
+/// through a circle still separates two faces, even though their fills have the same source.
+fn visible_components(map: &BuilderMap, src: &[Arc<Node>], edits: &BTreeMap<usize, &FaceEdit>) -> Vec<usize> {
+    fn root(parents: &[usize], mut i: usize) -> usize {
+        for _ in 0..parents.len() {
+            let Some(&next) = parents.get(i) else { return i };
+            if next == i {
+                return i;
+            }
+            i = next;
+        }
+        i
+    }
+    let owner = |i: usize| {
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        if edit.is_some_and(|e| e.erase || e.paint.as_ref().is_some_and(|a| a.fill_paint().is_none())) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(src, &r.0)))
+    };
+    let mut parents: Vec<usize> = (0..map.regions.len()).collect();
+    for piece in pieces(map) {
+        let [Some(a), Some(b)] = map.sides(piece) else { continue };
+        let (Some(left), Some(right)) = (owner(a), owner(b)) else { continue };
+        let merge = |i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        let merged = merge(a).is_some() && merge(a) == merge(b);
+        let covered = left as u64 > piece.key && right as u64 > piece.key;
+        let unstroked = src.get(piece.key as usize).is_none_or(|n| !n.visible || n.appearance.stroke_paint().is_none());
+        if (left == right || merged) && (merged || covered || unstroked) {
+            let (a, b) = (root(&parents, a), root(&parents, b));
+            if let Some(parent) = parents.get_mut(a) {
+                *parent = b;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    (0..parents.len()).map(|i| root(&parents, i)).collect()
+}
+
+fn fill_style(mut a: Appearance) -> Appearance {
+    a.items.retain(AppearanceItem::is_fill);
+    a
+}
+fn stroke_style(mut a: Appearance) -> Appearance {
+    a.items.retain(|i| !i.is_fill());
+    a
+}
+
+/// Join compatible strokes at two-way junctions. Branches stay separate; a line
+/// crossing a circle must not turn into the circle's outline at the intersection.
+fn join_strokes(nodes: Vec<Arc<Node>>) -> Vec<Arc<Node>> {
+    const TOL: f64 = 1e-5;
+    type End = (usize, bool);
+    let mut buckets: BTreeMap<(i64, i64), Vec<(End, Point)>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    let key = |p: Point| finite(p).then(|| ((p.x / TOL).floor() as i64, (p.y / TOL).floor() as i64));
+    for (i, n) in nodes.iter().enumerate() {
+        let Some(sp) = n.path_data().filter(|p| p.subpaths.len() == 1).and_then(|p| p.subpaths.first()).filter(|p| !p.closed) else { continue };
+        for (last, a) in [(false, sp.anchors.first()), (true, sp.anchors.last())] {
+            if let Some(a) = a
+                && let Some(key) = key(a.p)
+            {
+                buckets.entry(key).or_default().push(((i, last), a.p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut connections: BTreeMap<End, End> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for entries in buckets.values() {
+        for &(end, p) in entries {
+            let Some((x, y)) = key(p) else { continue };
+            let mut near = vec![];
+            for dx in -1..=1 {
+                for dy in -1..=1 {
+                    if let Some(entries) = buckets.get(&(x + dx, y + dy)) {
+                        near.extend(entries.iter().filter(|(_, q)| p.distance(*q) <= TOL).map(|(end, _)| *end));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if near.len() != 2 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(other) = near.into_iter().find(|e| *e != end) else { continue };
+            let Some((a, b)) = nodes.get(end.0).zip(nodes.get(other.0)) else { continue };
+            if a.appearance == b.appearance && a.opacity == b.opacity && a.blend == b.blend {
+                connections.insert(end, other);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let mut seen = std::collections::BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    // Open chains first, then closed loops. This avoids beginning in a chain's middle.
+    let starts = nodes
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .flat_map(|(i, _)| [(i, false), (i, true)])
+        .filter(|e| !connections.contains_key(e))
+        .chain(nodes.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, _)| (i, false)));
+    for start in starts {
+        if seen.contains(&start.0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if let Some(node) = nodes.get(start.0).filter(|n| n.path_data().is_none_or(|p| p.subpaths.len() != 1)) {
+            seen.insert(start.0);
+            out.push(node.clone());
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut end = start;
+        let mut prototype = start.0;
+        let mut path = vectorcraft_geom::SubPath::default();
+        loop {
+            if !seen.insert(end.0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            prototype = prototype.min(end.0);
+            let Some(mut next) = nodes.get(end.0).and_then(|n| n.path_data()).and_then(|p| p.subpaths.first()).cloned() else { break };
+            if end.1 {
+                next.reverse();
+            }
+            if path.anchors.is_empty() {
+                path = next;
+            } else {
+                if let Some((a, b)) = path.anchors.last_mut().zip(next.anchors.first()) {
+                    *a = vectorcraft_geom::Anchor::with_handles(a.p, a.h_in, b.h_out);
+                }
+                path.anchors.extend(next.anchors.into_iter().skip(1));
+            }
+            let Some(&next) = connections.get(&(end.0, !end.1)) else { break };
+            if next == start {
+                if let Some(last) = path.anchors.pop()
+                    && let Some(first) = path.anchors.first_mut()
+                {
+                    *first = vectorcraft_geom::Anchor::with_handles(first.p, last.h_in, first.h_out);
+                }
+                path.closed = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            end = next;
+        }
+        if let Some(mut node) = nodes.get(prototype).cloned() {
+            if let Some(p) = Arc::make_mut(&mut node).path_data_mut() {
+                *p = PathData::new(vec![path]);
+            }
+            out.push(node);
+        }
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+fn generated(d: &mut Document, src: &[Arc<Node>], spec: &ShaperSpec, map: &BuilderMap) -> Result<Vec<Arc<Node>>> {
+    if spec.faces.len() + spec.edges.len() > MAX_EDITS {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "too many Shaper edits"));
+    }
+    let edits = face_edits(map, src, spec);
+    let mut fills: BTreeMap<(Option<u64>, usize), Vec<usize>> = BTreeMap::new();
+    for (i, (r, _, _)) in map.regions.iter().enumerate() {
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        if edit.is_some_and(|e| e.erase) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| fill_source(src, r)).is_none() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let merge = edit.and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        fills.entry((merge, if merge.is_some() { 0 } else { i })).or_default().push(i);
+    }
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    for indices in fills.values() {
+        let Some(&i) = indices.first() else { continue };
+        let Some((region, _, _)) = map.regions.get(i) else { continue };
+        let edit = edits.get(&i);
+        let Some(source) = edit.and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| fill_source(src, region)).and_then(|i| src.get(i)) else { continue };
+        let path = po::unite_all(&indices.iter().filter_map(|i| map.regions.get(*i).map(|r| (&r.0.path, FillRule::NonZero))).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+        let style = edit.and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()).unwrap_or_else(|| source.appearance.clone());
+        let mut n = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), path, fill_style(style));
+        n.opacity = source.opacity;
+        n.blend = source.blend;
+        n.name = Some(format!("{FILL_PREFIX}{i}"));
+        out.push(Arc::new(n));
+    }
+    let edge_edits: BTreeMap<usize, &EdgeEdit> = spec.edges.iter().filter_map(|e| selected_edge(map, src, e).map(|i| (i, e))).collect();
+    let mut strokes = vec![];
+    for (i, piece) in pieces(map).into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let sides = map.sides(piece);
+        let merge = |r: Option<usize>| r.and_then(|r| edits.get(&r)).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+        let merged_inside = merge(sides[0]).is_some() && merge(sides[0]) == merge(sides[1]);
+        // An exiting scribble removes the exposed stroke around the deleted area.
+        // Its shared boundary with surviving art still closes that art's contour.
+        let erased_boundary =
+            sides.iter().any(Option::is_some) && sides.iter().all(|r| r.is_none_or(|r| edits.get(&r).is_some_and(|e| e.erase && e.erase_edges)));
+        let occluded = sides
+            .iter()
+            .all(|r| r.and_then(|r| map.regions.get(r)).and_then(|r| fill_source(src, &r.0)).is_some_and(|source| source as u64 > piece.key));
+        if merged_inside || erased_boundary || occluded || edge_edits.get(&i).is_some_and(|e| e.erase) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let Some(source) = src.get(piece.key as usize) else { continue };
+        let style = edge_edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()).unwrap_or_else(|| source.appearance.clone());
+        if style.stroke_paint().is_none() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut n = Node::path(d.alloc_id(), piece.path.clone(), stroke_style(style));
+        n.opacity = source.opacity;
+        n.blend = source.blend;
+        n.name = Some(format!("{STROKE_PREFIX}{i}"));
+        strokes.push(Arc::new(n));
+    }
+    out.extend(join_strokes(strokes));
+    Ok(out)
+}
+
+/// Re-evaluate only groups whose original art changed. Errors reach Session::edit's rollback.
+pub(crate) fn refresh(before: &Document, d: &mut Document) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut ids = vec![];
+    d.walk(|n| {
+        if n.shaper.is_some() {
+            ids.push(n.id)
+        }
+    });
+    for id in ids {
+        let Some(current) = d.node(id).cloned() else { continue };
+        let Some(old) = before.node(id) else { continue };
+        let src = sources(&current);
+        let source_changed = sources(old) != src;
+        let output_changed = current.children().is_some_and(|children| {
+            children
+                .iter()
+                .skip(1)
+                .any(|n| old.children().and_then(|c| c.iter().find(|o| o.id == n.id)).is_some_and(|o| o.appearance != n.appearance))
+        });
+        if !source_changed && !output_changed {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if src.is_empty() {
+            d.remove(id)?;
+            continue;
+        }
+        let map = map_of(&src)?;
+        let mut spec = current.shaper.as_deref().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+        let previous = sources(old);
+        if previous.iter().map(|s| s.id).ne(src.iter().map(|s| s.id)) {
+            // Source insertion, deletion or reordering updates the index-based recipes.
+            let index = |i: usize| previous.get(i).and_then(|old| src.iter().position(|n| n.id == old.id));
+            spec.faces.retain_mut(|e| {
+                let Some(indices) = e.selector.sources.iter().map(|i| index(*i)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>() else { return false };
+                let paint_source = match e.paint_source {
+                    Some(i) => {
+                        let Some(i) = index(i) else { return false };
+                        Some(i)
+                    }
+                    None => None,
+                };
+                e.selector.sources = indices;
+                e.selector.sources.sort();
+                e.paint_source = paint_source;
+                true
+            });
+            spec.edges.retain_mut(|e| {
+                let Some(source) = index(e.source) else { return false };
+                for side in &mut e.sides {
+                    let Some(indices) = side.iter().map(|i| index(*i)).collect::<Option<Vec<_>>>() else { return false };
+                    *side = indices;
+                    side.sort();
+                }
+                e.sides.sort();
+                e.source = source;
+                true
+            });
+        }
+        if output_changed {
+            for n in current.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(1) {
+                let Some(o) = old.children().and_then(|c| c.iter().find(|o| o.id == n.id)) else { continue };
+                if o.appearance == n.appearance {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if let Some(i) = n.name.as_deref().and_then(|s| s.strip_prefix(FILL_PREFIX)).and_then(|s| s.parse::<usize>().ok()) {
+                    let existing = face_edits(&map, &src, &spec);
+                    let merge = existing.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.merge);
+                    let components = visible_components(&map, &src, &existing);
+                    let related: Vec<usize> = if let Some(m) = merge {
+                        existing.iter().filter(|(_, e)| e.merge == Some(m)).map(|(i, _)| *i).collect()
+                    } else {
+                        components.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| Some(*c) == components.get(i)).map(|(i, _)| i).collect()
+                    };
+                    for i in related {
+                        let Some(selector) = face_selector(&map, &src, i) else { continue };
+                        if let Some(e) = spec.faces.iter_mut().rev().find(|e| e.selector == selector) {
+                            e.paint = Some(n.appearance.clone());
+                        } else {
+                            spec.faces.push(FaceEdit {
+                                selector,
+                                erase: false,
+                                erase_edges: false,
+                                paint_source: None,
+                                merge,
+                                paint: Some(n.appearance.clone()),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|s| s.starts_with(STROKE_PREFIX)) {
+                    // One joined output may contain pieces from several original paths.
+                    for piece in pieces(&map) {
+                        let contained = piece
+                            .path
+                            .subpaths
+                            .iter()
+                            .flat_map(|s| &s.anchors)
+                            .all(|a| n.path_data().and_then(|p| p.nearest(a.p)).is_some_and(|p| p.4 < 1e-5))
+                            && piece_point(&piece.path).is_some_and(|point| n.path_data().and_then(|p| p.nearest(point)).is_some_and(|p| p.4 < 1e-5));
+                        if contained && let Some(mut e) = edge_selector(&map, &src, piece) {
+                            e.erase = false;
+                            e.paint = Some(n.appearance.clone());
+                            spec.edges.push(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        let mut children = current.children().and_then(|c| c.first()).cloned().into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let old_ids: BTreeMap<&str, NodeId> =
+            current.children().into_iter().flatten().skip(1).filter_map(|n| n.name.as_deref().map(|name| (name, n.id))).collect();
+        for mut n in generated(d, &src, &spec, &map)? {
+            if let Some(id) = n.name.as_deref().and_then(|name| old_ids.get(name)) {
+                Arc::make_mut(&mut n).id = *id;
+            }
+            children.push(n);
+        }
+        let n = d.node_mut(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        n.shaper = Some(Box::new(spec));
+        if let Some(ch) = n.children_mut() {
+            *ch = children;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn candidates(s: &Session, p: &Value, points: &[Point], tolerance: f64) -> Result<Vec<NodeId>> {
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let area = points.iter().fold(Rect::new(f64::MAX, f64::MAX, f64::MIN, f64::MIN), |b, p| b.union_pt(*p)).inflate(tolerance, tolerance);
+    let supplied = p.get("ids").and_then(Value::as_array).map(|v| v.iter().filter_map(Value::as_u64).map(NodeId).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+    let expand = supplied.is_none() && st.selection.objects.len() < 2;
+    let ids = supplied.unwrap_or_else(|| if st.selection.objects.len() > 1 { st.selection.objects.clone() } else { st.doc.selectable_art() });
+    let eligible: Vec<NodeId> = ids
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|id| {
+            st.doc.is_editable(*id)
+                && st.doc.node(*id).is_some_and(|n| {
+                    !matches!(n.kind, NodeKind::Path { guide: true, .. } | NodeKind::Path { clipping: true, .. })
+                        && (n.shaper.is_some() || b::node_outline(n).is_some())
+                })
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let bounds = |id| st.doc.node(id).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds).map(|b| b.inflate(tolerance, tolerance));
+    let overlaps = |a: Rect, b: Rect| a.intersect(b).area() > 0.0;
+    let mut ids: Vec<NodeId> = eligible.iter().copied().filter(|id| bounds(*id).is_some_and(|b| overlaps(b, area))).collect();
+    if expand {
+        // A protruding line must still be split at the shape it passes through, even when
+        // the scribble itself never enters that shape. Include the connected neighbourhood.
+        loop {
+            let next: Vec<NodeId> = eligible
+                .iter()
+                .copied()
+                .filter(|id| {
+                    !ids.contains(id)
+                        && bounds(*id).is_some_and(|bb| {
+                            ids.iter()
+                                .any(|other| st.doc.parent_of(*other) == st.doc.parent_of(*id) && bounds(*other).is_some_and(|b| overlaps(bb, b)))
+                        })
+                })
+                .collect();
+            if next.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+            ids.extend(next);
+            if ids.len() > MAX_SOURCES {
+                return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "too many overlapping paths for Shaper"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let ids = b::sorted_roots(&st.doc, &ids);
+    let parent = ids.first().and_then(|id| st.doc.position(*id)).map(|p| p.0);
+    if ids.iter().any(|id| st.doc.position(*id).map(|p| p.0) != parent) {
+        return Err(bad("shaper.scribble", "overlapping Shaper paths must be in the same layer or group"));
+    }
+    Ok(ids)
+}
+
+fn scribble(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    const C: &str = "shaper.scribble";
+    let input = p
+        .get("points")
+        .and_then(Value::as_array)
+        .filter(|a| !a.is_empty() && a.len() <= MAX_POINTS)
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "points must contain 1–4096 coordinates"))?;
+    let pts = input
+        .iter()
+        .map(|v| point_param(&json!({"p": v}), "p").filter(|p| finite(*p)).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "invalid point")))
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+    let tolerance = f64_or(p, "tolerance", 4.0);
+    if !tolerance.is_finite() || !(0.01..=1000.0).contains(&tolerance) {
+        return Err(bad(C, "invalid tolerance"));
+    }
+    let step = (tolerance / 2.0).max(0.5);
+    let sample_count = pts.windows(2).map(|w| (w[0].distance(w[1]) / step).ceil()).sum::<f64>();
+    if sample_count > 65_536.0 {
+        return Err(bad(C, "scribble is too long"));
+    }
+    let points = b::sample_polyline(&pts, step);
+    let roots = candidates(s, p, &points, tolerance)?;
+    if roots.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(json!({"id": null, "regions": 0, "strokes": 0}));
+    }
+    let mut src = vec![];
+    let mut spec = ShaperSpec::default();
+    let mut next_merge = 1u64;
+    for id in &roots {
+        let n = s.doc()?.doc.node(*id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(*id))?;
+        if let Some(previous) = n.shaper.as_deref() {
+            let offset = src.len();
+            let merge_offset = next_merge;
+            for mut e in previous.faces.clone() {
+                for i in &mut e.selector.sources {
+                    *i = i.saturating_add(offset);
+                }
+                e.paint_source = e.paint_source.map(|i| i.saturating_add(offset));
+                e.merge = e.merge.map(|i| i.saturating_add(merge_offset));
+                next_merge = next_merge.max(e.merge.unwrap_or(0).saturating_add(1));
+                spec.faces.push(e);
+            }
+            for mut e in previous.edges.clone() {
+                e.source = e.source.saturating_add(offset);
+                for side in &mut e.sides {
+                    for i in side {
+                        *i = i.saturating_add(offset);
+                    }
+                }
+                spec.edges.push(e);
+            }
+            src.extend(sources(n));
+        } else {
+            src.push(Arc::new(n.clone()));
+        }
+    }
+    let map = map_of(&src)?;
+    let edits = face_edits(&map, &src, &spec);
+    let filled = |i: usize| edits.get(&i).is_none_or(|e| !e.erase) && map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(&src, &r.0)).is_some();
+    let components = visible_components(&map, &src, &edits);
+    let faces: std::collections::BTreeSet<usize> =
+        points.iter().filter_map(|p| map.region_at(*p)).filter(|i| filled(*i)).filter_map(|i| components.get(i).copied()).collect();
+    let touched: Vec<usize> = components.iter().enumerate().filter(|(_, c)| faces.contains(c)).map(|(i, _)| i).collect();
+    let first = points.first().copied().unwrap_or(Point::ZERO);
+    let last = points.last().copied().unwrap_or(first);
+    let origin = map.region_at(first).filter(|i| filled(*i));
+    let exits = map.region_at(last).is_none();
+    let merge = origin.is_some() && faces.len() > 1 && !exits;
+    let paint_source =
+        origin.and_then(|i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint_source).or_else(|| map.regions.get(i).and_then(|r| fill_source(&src, &r.0))));
+    let origin_paint = origin.and_then(|i| edits.get(&i).and_then(|e| e.paint.clone()));
+    for &i in &touched {
+        if let Some(selector) = face_selector(&map, &src, i) {
+            spec.faces.push(FaceEdit {
+                selector,
+                erase: !merge,
+                erase_edges: exits,
+                paint_source,
+                merge: merge.then_some(next_merge),
+                paint: origin_paint.clone(),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    let mut strokes = 0;
+    if touched.is_empty() {
+        let mut piece_ids = vec![];
+        for point in &points {
+            let index = match map.hit(*point, Some(tolerance)) {
+                Some(Hit::Line(i)) => Some(map.edges.len() + i),
+                Some(Hit::Edge(i)) => Some(i),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            if let Some(i) = index
+                && !piece_ids.contains(&i)
+            {
+                piece_ids.push(i);
+            }
+        }
+        for i in piece_ids {
+            if let Some(e) = pieces(&map).get(i).and_then(|p| edge_selector(&map, &src, p)) {
+                spec.edges.push(e);
+                strokes += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if touched.is_empty() && strokes == 0 {
+        return Ok(json!({"id": null, "regions": 0, "strokes": 0}));
+    }
+    let id = s.edit("Shaper", |d, sel| {
+        let top = *roots.last().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "no source art"))?;
+        let (parent, index, _) = d.position(top).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(top))?;
+        let earlier = roots.iter().filter(|id| **id != top && d.position(**id).is_some_and(|p| p.1 < index)).count();
+        let source_id = d.alloc_id();
+        let mut source = Node::group(source_id, src.clone());
+        source.name = Some(SOURCES.into());
+        source.opacity = 0.0;
+        let mut children = vec![Arc::new(source)];
+        children.extend(generated(d, &src, &spec, &map)?);
+        let id = d.alloc_id();
+        let mut group = Node::group(id, children);
+        group.name = Some("Shaper Group".into());
+        group.shaper = Some(Box::new(spec));
+        for id in &roots {
+            d.remove(*id)?;
+        }
+        d.insert(parent, index.saturating_sub(earlier), group)?;
+        sel.set([id]);
+        Ok(id)
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"id": id.0, "regions": touched.len(), "strokes": strokes}))
+}
+
+fn group_at(d: &Document, point: Point, construction: bool) -> Option<NodeId> {
+    let mut groups = vec![];
+    d.walk(|n| {
+        if n.shaper.is_some()
+            && d.is_editable(n.id)
+            && (if construction { source_group(n).and_then(Node::geometric_bounds) } else { n.geometric_bounds() })
+                .is_some_and(|b| b.inflate(6.0, 6.0).contains(point))
+        {
+            groups.push(n.id)
+        }
+    });
+    groups.last().copied()
+}
+fn select(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let point = point_param(p, "point").filter(|p| finite(*p)).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.select", "missing point"))?;
+    let st = s.doc()?;
+    let source = bool_or(p, "source", false);
+    let Some(group) = group_at(&st.doc, point, source) else { return Ok(json!({"id": null})) };
+    let node = st.doc.node(group).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(group))?;
+    let target = if source {
+        sources(node)
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find(|n| {
+                b::node_outline(n)
+                    .is_some_and(|(path, _)| path.to_bezpath().winding(point) != 0 || path.nearest(point).is_some_and(|(_, _, _, _, d)| d < 6.0))
+            })
+            .map(|n| n.id)
+            .unwrap_or(group)
+    } else if st.selection.contains(group) {
+        node.children()
+            .into_iter()
+            .flatten()
+            .skip(1)
+            .find(|n| {
+                n.name.as_deref().is_some_and(|n| n.starts_with(FILL_PREFIX)) && n.path_data().is_some_and(|p| p.to_bezpath().winding(point) != 0)
+            })
+            .map_or(group, |n| n.id)
+    } else {
+        group
+    };
+    let isolation = source.then(|| source_group(node).map(|n| n.id)).flatten();
+    s.select(|_, sel| sel.set([target]))?;
+    if let Some(id) = isolation {
+        s.doc_mut()?.isolation = Some(id);
+    }
+    Ok(json!({"id": target.0}))
+}
+fn target(s: &Session, p: &Value) -> Result<NodeId> {
+    let id = id_param(p, "id")
+        .or_else(|| s.active().and_then(|d| d.selection.objects.first().copied()))
+        .ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.release", "select a Shaper group"))?;
+    s.doc()?.doc.node(id).filter(|n| n.shaper.is_some()).ok_or_else(|| bad("shaper.release", "select a Shaper group"))?;
+    Ok(id)
+}
+fn release(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let id = target(s, p)?;
+    let ids = s.edit("Release Shaper Group", |d, sel| {
+        let original = d.node(id).map(sources).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        let (parent, index, _) = d.position(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        d.remove(id)?;
+        let mut ids = vec![];
+        for (i, n) in original.into_iter().enumerate() {
+            ids.push(d.insert(parent, index + i, (*n).clone())?);
+        }
+        sel.set(ids.iter().copied());
+        Ok(ids)
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"ids": ids.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()}))
+}
+fn expand(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
+    let id = target(s, p)?;
+    s.edit("Expand Shaper Group", |d, sel| {
+        let n = d.node_mut(id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        n.shaper = None;
+        n.name = None;
+        if let Some(children) = n.children_mut()
+            && children.first().is_some_and(|c| c.name.as_deref() == Some(SOURCES))
+        {
+            children.remove(0);
+        }
+        sel.set([id]);
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+    s.doc_mut()?.isolation = None;
+    Ok(json!({"id": id.0}))
+}

crates/engine/src/cmd/stylelib.rs

@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
 
 impl LibraryFile for StyleLibrary {
     const EXTS: &'static [&'static str] = &[STYLES_EXT];
-    fn read(text: &str, stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String> {
-        style_libs::read(text, stem)
+    fn read(bytes: &[u8], stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String> {
+        style_libs::read(&String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes), stem)
     }
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         &self.name

crates/engine/src/cmd/swatchlib.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Other Library…",
             ["Window", "Swatch Libraries"],
             None,
-            "{path? | data?: file text | dataBase64?, name?: file name (default: the path's)} load a .vcswatches or .gpl library, or the swatches of any document VectorCraft opens (see document.formats), for the library panel (Window → Swatch Libraries lists it until the app quits) → {library: id, name, count}",
+            "{path? | data?: file text | dataBase64?, name?: file name (default: the path's)} load a .vcswatches, .gpl or .ase (swatch exchange) library, or the swatches of any document VectorCraft opens (see document.formats), for the library panel (Window → Swatch Libraries lists it until the app quits) → {library: id, name, count}",
             always,
             load
         ),
@@ -98,23 +98,24 @@ struct Extra<L> {
 pub trait LibraryFile: Sized {
     /// The extensions of its files (lower case).
     const EXTS: &'static [&'static str];
-    /// Read a library file whose name without the extension is `stem` (an unnamed library's name).
-    fn read(text: &str, stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String>;
+    /// Read the bytes of a library file whose name without the extension is `stem` (an unnamed
+    /// library's name).
+    fn read(bytes: &[u8], stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String>;
     fn name(&self) -> &str;
 }
 
 impl LibraryFile for SwatchLibrary {
     const EXTS: &'static [&'static str] = LIBRARY_EXTS;
-    fn read(text: &str, stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String> {
-        palette_io::read(text, stem)
+    fn read(bytes: &[u8], stem: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, String> {
+        palette_io::read_bytes(bytes, stem)
     }
     fn name(&self) -> &str {
         &self.name
     }
 }
 
-/// The extensions of library files [`palette_io::read`] reads.
-pub const LIBRARY_EXTS: &[&str] = &["vcswatches", "gpl"];
+/// The extensions of library files [`palette_io::read_bytes`] reads.
+pub const LIBRARY_EXTS: &[&str] = &["vcswatches", "gpl", "ase"];
 
 impl<L: LibraryFile> Libraries<L> {
     pub fn user_dir(&self) -> Option<&str> {
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ impl<L: LibraryFile> Libraries<L> {
         let Some(dir) = self.user_dir.clone() else { return };
         for path in library_files(&dir, L::EXTS) {
             let file = file_name(&path);
-            let Some(lib) = read_file(&path).ok().and_then(|b| L::read(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&b), stem(&file)).ok()) else { continue };
+            let Some(lib) = read_file(&path).ok().and_then(|b| L::read(&b, stem(&file)).ok()) else { continue };
             let info = LibraryInfo { id: format!("user/{file}"), name: lib.name().to_string(), category: "user" };
             self.extra.push(Extra { info, path: Some(path), lib: Arc::new(lib) });
         }
@@ -351,12 +352,11 @@ fn load(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "swatch.library.load";
     let (info, lib) = s.swatch_libraries.load(p, C, |bytes, file| {
         // A library file, or a document whose swatches become the library.
-        match std::str::from_utf8(bytes).ok().filter(|t| palette_io::sniff(t)) {
-            Some(t) => palette_io::read(t, stem(file)).map_err(|e| bad(C, e)),
-            None => {
-                let doc = super::fileio::load(file, bytes).map_err(|e| bad(C, e.to_string()))?.doc;
-                document_library(&doc, &[], stem(file).to_string(), C)
-            }
+        if palette_io::sniff_bytes(bytes) {
+            palette_io::read_bytes(bytes, stem(file)).map_err(|e| bad(C, e))
+        } else {
+            let doc = super::fileio::load(file, bytes).map_err(|e| bad(C, e.to_string()))?.doc;
+            document_library(&doc, &[], stem(file).to_string(), C)
         }
     })?;
     Ok(json!({"library": info.id, "name": info.name, "count": lib.len()}))
@@ -417,12 +417,17 @@ fn add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     } else {
         s.edit("Add to Swatches", |d, _| {
             let mut out = vec![];
+            // Each library group goes into one document group: the group of that name the document
+            // already had, or one made here.
+            let before = d.swatch_groups.len();
+            let mut placed: Vec<(&str, usize)> = vec![];
             for (group, w) in fresh {
                 let name = d.free_swatch_name(&w.name);
                 let sw = Swatch { name: name.clone(), ..(*w).clone() };
                 match group {
                     Some(g) => {
-                        let i = match d.swatch_groups.iter().position(|x| x.name == *g) {
+                        let found = placed.iter().find(|(n, _)| *n == g).map(|&(_, i)| i);
+                        let i = match found.or_else(|| d.swatch_groups.iter().take(before).position(|x| x.name == *g)) {
                             Some(i) => i,
                             None => {
                                 let name = d.free_swatch_name(g);
@@ -430,6 +435,9 @@ fn add(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                                 d.swatch_groups.len() - 1
                             }
                         };
+                        if found.is_none() {
+                            placed.push((g, i));
+                        }
                         d.swatch_groups[i].swatches.push(sw);
                     }
                     None => d.swatches.push(sw),

crates/engine/src/cmd/tabs.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
 use vectorcraft_doc::{NodeKind, TabAlign, TabStop};
 
-use super::typecmd::{refresh_bounds, text_targets};
+use super::typecmd::{TextRange, para_span, refresh_bounds, text_targets};
 use super::*;
 
 pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
@@ -13,12 +13,25 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Set Tab Stops",
             ["Window", "Tabs"],
             None,
-            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?} replace the tab stops of the selected text",
+            "{stops: [{position: pt, align?: left|center|right|decimal, leader?: \". \", alignOn?: \".\"}], ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte} replace the tab stops of the selected text (with a range: of the paragraphs it touches)",
             has_selection,
             set
         ),
-        cmd!(query "text.tabs.get", "Tab Stops", [], None, "{ids?} → {stops} of the first selected text object", has_selection, get),
-        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(s, p, vec![], "Clear All Tabs")),
+        cmd!(
+            query "text.tabs.get",
+            "Tab Stops",
+            [],
+            None,
+            "{ids?, start?: byte} → {stops} of the first selected text object (its paragraph at `start`; default the first)",
+            has_selection,
+            get
+        ),
+        cmd!("text.tabs.clear", "Clear All Tabs", ["Window", "Tabs"], None, "{ids?, start?: byte, end?: byte}", has_selection, |s, p| apply(
+            s,
+            p,
+            vec![],
+            "Clear All Tabs"
+        )),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -54,11 +67,13 @@ fn set(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 
 fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, stops: Vec<TabStop>, label: &str) -> Result<Value> {
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.tabs.set")?;
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, "text.tabs.set")?;
     let n = stops.len();
     s.edit(label, |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
-                t.para.tabs = stops.clone();
+                let span = para_span(range, t);
+                t.edit_paras(span, |pa| pa.tabs = stops.clone());
                 refresh_bounds(t);
             }
         }
@@ -69,9 +84,10 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, stops: Vec<TabStop>, label: &str) -> Result
 
 fn get(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.tabs.get")?;
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, "text.tabs.get")?;
     let st = s.doc()?;
     let tabs = ids.iter().find_map(|id| match st.doc.node(*id).map(|n| &n.kind) {
-        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => Some(t.para.tabs.clone()),
+        Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) => Some(t.para_at(para_span(range, t).map_or(0, |r| r.start)).tabs.clone()),
         _ => None,
     });
     Ok(json!({ "stops": serde_json::to_value(tabs.unwrap_or_default()).unwrap_or(Value::Null) }))

crates/engine/src/cmd/textedit.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{id, start?: byte, end?: byte (default: all text), font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\", strokeWidth?: pt, strokeOptions?: {weight?, cap?, join?, miterLimit?, dash?, dashOffset?, alignDashes?} (as stroke.set: the character stroke), underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?: bool, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …], charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"} style a character range (runs are split at the range ends) → {id, runs}",
+            "{id, start?: byte, end?: byte (default: all text), font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?, kerning?: 1/1000 em|\"auto\", baselineShift?: pt, hScale?: %, vScale?: %, rotation?: deg, fill?: colour|\"none\", stroke?: colour|\"none\", strokeWidth?: pt, strokeOptions?: {weight?, cap?, join?, miterLimit?, dash?, dashOffset?, alignDashes?} (as stroke.set: the character stroke), underline?, strikethrough?, allCaps?: bool, smallCaps?: bool, position?: \"normal\"|\"superscript\"|\"subscript\" (sizes from Document Setup), features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …], charAlign?: \"romanBaseline\"|\"emBoxTop\"|\"emBoxCenter\"|\"emBoxBottom\"|\"icfTop\"|\"icfBottom\"} style a character range (runs are split at the range ends) → {id, runs}",
             has_doc,
             set_range_style
         ),
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area / Path Type",
             [],
             None,
-            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id}",
+            "{path: id, mode: \"area\"|\"onPath\", text?: \"\", vertical?: bool = false, at?: [x, y] (on-path start: nearest point), size?, font?, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent? (area: as text.areaOptions; default autoHeight when the autoSizeAreaType preference is on), placeholder?: bool (placeholder text instead, as text.create), leadingModel?, charAlign? (as text.create)} turn a path into an area-type frame or a type-on-a-path baseline (the path's paint is dropped) → {id}",
             has_doc,
             create_in_path
         ),
@@ -135,6 +135,13 @@ fn edit_range(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let insert = str_param(p, "insert").unwrap_or("").to_string();
     let caret = s.edit("Typing", |d, _| {
         let t = text_mut(d, id).ok_or(EngineError::NoNode(id))?;
+        // Paragraph styles follow the edit: a split paragraph's new one continues its style, a
+        // merge keeps the first paragraph's.
+        let inserted: String = match &styled {
+            Some(r) => r.iter().map(|r| r.text.as_str()).collect(),
+            None => insert.clone(),
+        };
+        t.splice_paras(a, b, &inserted);
         let caret = match &styled {
             Some(r) => edit::replace_range_styled(&mut t.runs, a, b, r),
             None => edit::replace_range(&mut t.runs, a, b, &insert),
@@ -191,7 +198,7 @@ pub(crate) fn features_param(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<Vec<String>>
     Ok(Some(vectorcraft_text::OtFeatures::default().with_tags(tags).to_tags()))
 }
 
-/// `charAlign: "romanBaseline"|"emBoxTop"|"emBoxCenter"|"emBoxBottom"` (Character Alignment).
+/// `charAlign: "romanBaseline"|"emBoxTop"|"emBoxCenter"|"emBoxBottom"|"icfTop"|"icfBottom"` (Character Alignment).
 pub(crate) fn char_align_param(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<vectorcraft_doc::CharAlign>> {
     use vectorcraft_doc::CharAlign;
     let Some(v) = p.get("charAlign").filter(|v| !v.is_null()) else { return Ok(None) };
@@ -200,7 +207,14 @@ pub(crate) fn char_align_param(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<vectorcraf
         Some("emBoxTop") => CharAlign::EmBoxTop,
         Some("emBoxCenter") => CharAlign::EmBoxCenter,
         Some("emBoxBottom") => CharAlign::EmBoxBottom,
-        _ => return Err(bad(cmd, "`charAlign` must be \"romanBaseline\", \"emBoxTop\", \"emBoxCenter\" or \"emBoxBottom\"")),
+        Some("icfTop") => CharAlign::IcfTop,
+        Some("icfBottom") => CharAlign::IcfBottom,
+        _ => {
+            return Err(bad(
+                cmd,
+                "`charAlign` must be \"romanBaseline\", \"emBoxTop\", \"emBoxCenter\", \"emBoxBottom\", \"icfTop\" or \"icfBottom\"",
+            ));
+        }
     }))
 }
 
@@ -461,15 +475,21 @@ fn create_in_path(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         vertical: p.get("vertical").and_then(Value::as_bool).unwrap_or(false),
         kind,
         xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
-        runs: vec![TextRun { text, style }],
+        runs: vec![TextRun { text, style, inline: None }],
         para: super::create::new_type_para(),
+        paras: Vec::new(),
         area: Default::default(),
         path_effect: Default::default(),
         path_align: Default::default(),
         path_spacing: 0.0,
         wrap: Vec::new(),
         cached_bounds: None,
+        cached_baselines: Vec::new(),
     };
+    super::create::new_type_alignment(s, p, C, &mut t)?;
+    if !on_path {
+        t.area.fit = super::create::new_area_fit(s, p, C)?;
+    }
     if bool_or(p, "placeholder", false) {
         super::typemenu::fill_with_placeholder(&mut t);
     } else {
@@ -595,12 +615,14 @@ fn headline_tracking(t: &TextObject, target: f64) -> Option<f64> {
             xf: Affine::IDENTITY,
             runs: head.clone(),
             para: Default::default(),
+            paras: Vec::new(),
             area: Default::default(),
             path_effect: Default::default(),
             path_align: Default::default(),
             path_spacing: 0.0,
             wrap: Vec::new(),
             cached_bounds: None,
+            cached_baselines: Vec::new(),
         };
         for r in &mut h.runs {
             r.style.tracking = tr;

crates/engine/src/cmd/textstyles.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ macro_rules! style_cmds {
                 concat!($p, ".apply"),
                 concat!("Apply ", $what, " Style"),
                 &[],
-                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id + start?/end? (a Type tool range)} → {count}",
+                "{name, clearOverrides?, ids?|id + start?/end? (a Type tool range: character styles style it, paragraph styles apply to the paragraphs it touches)} → {count}",
                 |s, p| apply(s, p, $kind),
                 true,
             ),
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn text_mut(d: &mut Document, id: NodeId) -> Option<&mut vectorcraft_doc::TextOb
     }
 }
 
-/// How many runs (char) or text objects (para) use `name`.
+/// How many runs (char) or paragraphs (para) use `name`.
 fn uses(d: &Document, kind: Kind, name: &str) -> usize {
     let target = (name != kind.normal()).then_some(name);
     let mut n = 0;
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ fn uses(d: &Document, kind: Kind, name: &str) -> usize {
         if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &node.kind {
             n += match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter().filter(|r| r.style.style_name.as_deref() == target).count(),
-                Kind::Para => usize::from(t.para.style_name.as_deref() == target),
+                Kind::Para => (0..t.paragraph_count()).filter(|&i| t.para_at(i).style_name.as_deref() == target).count(),
             };
         }
     });
@@ -210,9 +210,11 @@ fn update_users(d: &mut Document, kind: Kind, name: &str, old: &Map<String, Valu
                 }
             }
             Kind::Para => {
-                if t.para.style_name == target {
-                    t.para = restyle(&t.para, old, new);
-                    changed = true;
+                for pa in t.para_styles_mut() {
+                    if pa.style_name == target {
+                        *pa = restyle(pa, old, new);
+                        changed = true;
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -231,12 +233,11 @@ fn selection_attrs(s: &Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Option<Map<Stri
         None => text_targets(s, &json!({}), "").ok().and_then(|v| v.first().copied()),
     };
     let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = id.and_then(|i| d.node(i)).map(|n| &n.kind) else { return Ok(None) };
+    let at = p.get("start").and_then(Value::as_u64).map_or(0, |v| usize::try_from(v).unwrap_or(usize::MAX));
     Ok(Some(match kind {
-        Kind::Char => {
-            let at = p.get("start").and_then(Value::as_u64).unwrap_or(0) as usize;
-            to_attrs(&vectorcraft_text::edit::style_at(&t.runs, at))
-        }
-        Kind::Para => to_attrs(&t.para),
+        Kind::Char => to_attrs(&vectorcraft_text::edit::style_at(&t.runs, at)),
+        // The paragraph at `start`.
+        Kind::Para => to_attrs(t.para_at(t.paragraphs_in(at, at).start)),
     }))
 }
 
@@ -261,6 +262,26 @@ fn attrs_param(p: &Value, kind: Kind, verb: &str) -> Result<Option<Map<String, V
     }
 }
 
+/// The attributes of a new style made from nothing (no `attrs`, no text selected): while the
+/// interface is in Japanese, new type's em box top-to-top leading (paragraph styles) and em box
+/// centre alignment (character styles); else none (the defaults).
+fn new_style_attrs(s: &Session, kind: Kind) -> Map<String, Value> {
+    if !s.japanese_interface() {
+        return Map::new();
+    }
+    let (set, default) = match kind {
+        Kind::Char => {
+            let st = CharStyle { char_align: vectorcraft_doc::CharAlign::EmBoxCenter, ..CharStyle::default() };
+            (to_attrs(&st), to_attrs(&CharStyle::default()))
+        }
+        Kind::Para => {
+            let st = ParaStyle { leading_model: vectorcraft_doc::LeadingModel::EmBoxTop, ..ParaStyle::default() };
+            (to_attrs(&st), to_attrs(&ParaStyle::default()))
+        }
+    };
+    set.into_iter().filter(|(k, v)| default.get(k) != Some(v)).collect()
+}
+
 // ---------- commands ----------
 
 fn list(s: &mut Session, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
@@ -275,7 +296,14 @@ fn new(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
     let c = kind.cmd("new");
     let attrs = match attrs_param(p, kind, "new")? {
         Some(a) => a,
-        None => selection_attrs(s, p, kind)?.unwrap_or_default(),
+        None => match selection_attrs(s, p, kind)? {
+            Some(a) => a,
+            None => {
+                let a = new_style_attrs(s, kind);
+                s.note_journal("attrs", Value::Object(a.clone()));
+                a
+            }
+        },
     };
     let d = &s.doc()?.doc;
     let base = if kind == Kind::Char { "Character Style" } else { "Paragraph Style" };
@@ -302,8 +330,9 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
     let normal = kind.attrs(d, kind.normal()).unwrap_or_default();
     let clear = bool_or(p, "clearOverrides", false);
     let style_name = (name != kind.normal()).then(|| name.clone());
-    // A Type tool range (character styles only) or whole text objects.
-    let range = id_param(p, "id").filter(|_| kind == Kind::Char && (p.get("start").is_some() || p.get("end").is_some()));
+    // A Type tool range or whole text objects.
+    let text_range = super::typecmd::TextRange::parse(p, &c)?;
+    let range = id_param(p, "id").filter(|_| text_range.is_some());
     let ids = match range.or_else(|| id_param(p, "id")) {
         Some(id) => vec![id],
         None => text_targets(s, p, &c)?,
@@ -349,7 +378,17 @@ fn apply(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
                         return Err(e);
                     }
                 }
-                Kind::Para => t.para = para_fn(&t.para)?,
+                Kind::Para => {
+                    let mut v = t.paragraph_styles();
+                    let span = match (range, text_range) {
+                        (Some(_), Some(r)) => r.paras(t),
+                        _ => 0..v.len(),
+                    };
+                    for st in v.iter_mut().take(span.end).skip(span.start) {
+                        *st = para_fn(st)?;
+                    }
+                    t.set_paragraph_styles(v);
+                }
             }
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -420,7 +459,7 @@ fn rename(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
             };
             match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| fix(&mut r.style.style_name)),
-                Kind::Para => fix(&mut t.para.style_name),
+                Kind::Para => t.para_styles_mut().for_each(|pa| fix(&mut pa.style_name)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -445,7 +484,7 @@ fn delete(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, kind: Kind) -> Result<Value> {
             };
             match kind {
                 Kind::Char => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| fix(&mut r.style.style_name)),
-                Kind::Para => fix(&mut t.para.style_name),
+                Kind::Para => t.para_styles_mut().for_each(|pa| fix(&mut pa.style_name)),
             }
         }
         Ok(())

crates/engine/src/cmd/threads.rs

@@ -75,14 +75,24 @@ pub(crate) fn reflow(before: &Document, doc: &mut Document) {
         });
         // The story: live frames' runs, plus the text of frames deleted by this edit.
         let mut story: Vec<TextRun> = vec![];
+        let mut sources: Vec<TextObject> = vec![];
+        let mut later_wins = vec![];
         let mut live = vec![];
         for id in &thread {
             match (text_of(doc, *id), text_of(before, *id)) {
-                (Some(t), _) => {
+                (Some(t), old) => {
                     story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
+                    // A frame whose first paragraph was just restyled gives the paragraph it
+                    // shares with the frame before it that style.
+                    later_wins.push(old.is_some_and(|o| o.para_at(0) != t.para_at(0)));
+                    sources.push(t.clone());
                     live.push(*id);
                 }
-                (None, Some(old)) => story.extend(old.runs.iter().cloned()),
+                (None, Some(old)) => {
+                    story.extend(old.runs.iter().cloned());
+                    later_wins.push(false);
+                    sources.push(old.clone());
+                }
                 (None, None) => {}
             }
         }
@@ -92,16 +102,33 @@ pub(crate) fn reflow(before: &Document, doc: &mut Document) {
             }
             continue;
         }
+        let source_refs: Vec<&TextObject> = sources.iter().collect();
+        let paras = vectorcraft_text::thread::story_paras(&source_refs, &later_wins);
         vectorcraft_text::edit::normalize(&mut story);
+        if live.len() >= 2 {
+            // Threaded frames keep their size: Auto Size is off for them (as in Illustrator).
+            for id in &live {
+                if text_of(doc, *id).is_some_and(|t| t.area.fit == vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight)
+                    && let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
+                {
+                    t.area.fit = vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None;
+                }
+            }
+        }
         let frames: Vec<TextObject> = live.iter().filter_map(|id| text_of(doc, *id).cloned()).collect();
         let refs: Vec<&TextObject> = frames.iter().collect();
-        let parts = vectorcraft_text::thread::distribute(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &refs, &story);
-        for (id, runs) in live.iter().zip(parts) {
-            if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
-                && t.runs != runs
-            {
-                t.runs = runs;
-                refresh_bounds(t);
+        let parts = vectorcraft_text::thread::distribute(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &refs, &story, &paras);
+        for (id, part) in live.iter().zip(parts) {
+            if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = doc.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
+                let mut next = (**t).clone();
+                next.runs = part.runs;
+                next.set_paragraph_styles(part.paras);
+                if next.runs != t.runs || next.para != t.para || next.paras != t.paras {
+                    t.runs = next.runs;
+                    t.para = next.para;
+                    t.paras = next.paras;
+                    refresh_bounds(t);
+                }
             }
         }
         if live.len() >= 2 {
@@ -183,15 +210,17 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 continue;
             }
             let mut story: Vec<TextRun> = vec![];
-            for id in &thread {
-                if let Some(t) = text_of(d, *id) {
-                    story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
-                }
+            let sources: Vec<TextObject> = thread.iter().filter_map(|id| text_of(d, *id).cloned()).collect();
+            for t in &sources {
+                story.extend(t.runs.iter().cloned());
             }
+            let paras = vectorcraft_text::thread::story_paras(&sources.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[]);
             let style = story.first().map(|r| r.style.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+            let first_para = paras.first().cloned().unwrap_or_default();
             for id in &out {
                 if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
-                    t.runs = vec![TextRun { text: String::new(), style: style.clone() }];
+                    t.runs = vec![TextRun { text: String::new(), style: style.clone(), inline: None }];
+                    t.set_all_paras(first_para.clone());
                     refresh_bounds(t);
                 }
             }
@@ -200,6 +229,7 @@ fn release(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             {
                 vectorcraft_text::edit::normalize(&mut story);
                 t.runs = story;
+                t.set_paragraph_styles(paras);
             }
             let i = d.text_threads.iter().position(|t| *t == thread).unwrap_or(0);
             d.text_threads[i] = keep;

crates/engine/src/cmd/typecmd.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use serde_json::{Value, json};
-use vectorcraft_doc::{Document, Justify, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
+use vectorcraft_doc::{AreaFit, Document, Justify, Node, NodeId, NodeKind, TextObject};
 use vectorcraft_geom::{Affine, PathData, Vec2};
 
 use super::edit::selected_roots;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Area Type Options…",
             ["Type"],
             None,
-            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (none given: query) → the first object's options",
+            "{ids?, width?: pt, height?: pt, rows?, columns?, gutter?: pt, inset?: pt, firstBaseline?: ascent|capHeight|xHeight|leading|fixed, firstBaselineMin?: pt, verticalAlign?: top|center|bottom|justify, fit?: none|autoHeight|shrinkText, fitMinPercent?: 10..100} set the selected area type's options; width and height size the type area from its top-left corner, along the type's own axes, and the text reflows at its size (with fit autoHeight, Auto Size, the frame's height follows the text after every edit and height is ignored; setting the height by hand turns it off); fit shrinkText scales overflowing text down (size, leading, baseline shift) by the largest factor down to fitMinPercent % (default 50) that makes it fit (none given: query) → the first object's options, plus overflow (the text doesn't fit its frame) and fitScale (Shrink Text's factor, 1 unshrunk)",
             has_selection,
             area_options
         ),
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn specs() -> Vec<CommandSpec> {
             "Character",
             [],
             None,
-            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType}",
+            "{ids?|id?, font?, style?, size?: pt, leading?: pt|\"auto\", tracking?: 1/1000 em, justify?: \"auto\" (the start of each paragraph's direction)|\"left\"|\"center\"|\"right\"|\"justifyAll\", fill?: colour, features?: [\"dlig\", \"-liga\", …] OpenType, start?: byte, end?: byte} (with a range: the character attributes style that range and justify the paragraphs it touches; without: all the text)",
             has_doc,
             set_style
         ),
@@ -97,10 +97,108 @@ fn orientation(s: &mut Session, p: &Value, vertical: bool) -> Result<Value> {
     Ok(json!({"vertical": vertical, "ids": ids.iter().map(|id| id.0).collect::<Vec<_>>()}))
 }
 
-/// Recompute the layout bounds cache after a text edit.
+/// Recompute the layout caches (bounds and baselines) after a text edit. Every engine text edit ends here (typing
+/// through `text.editRange` too), inside its `Session::edit`, so this is where Auto Size area type
+/// ([`vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight`]) fits its frame to the text: part of the same undo
+/// step as the edit.
 pub(crate) fn refresh_bounds(t: &mut TextObject) {
+    // Edits that changed the paragraph count keep one paragraph style per paragraph.
+    t.normalize_paras();
+    auto_height(t);
     let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
     t.cached_bounds = Some(lay.bounds);
+    t.cached_baselines = lay.baselines();
+}
+
+/// The text-space bounds of area type's frame, when Auto Size can fit it: a rectangle (one
+/// subpath, as large as its bounds) of horizontal type in one row, with some height.
+fn auto_height_frame(t: &TextObject) -> Option<vectorcraft_geom::Rect> {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::Shape;
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &t.kind else { return None };
+    if t.area.fit != vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::AutoHeight || t.vertical || t.area.rows > 1 || frame.subpaths.len() != 1 {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let b = frame.bounds()?;
+    let area = frame.to_bezpath().area().abs();
+    let finite = [b.x0, b.y0, b.x1, b.y1].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite());
+    (finite && b.height() > 1e-6 && b.width() > 1e-6 && (area - b.area()).abs() <= b.area() * 1e-6).then_some(b)
+}
+
+/// Auto Size: move the bottom of a rectangular area type frame to just below its last line (plus
+/// the inset), so the frame's height follows the text. Text in several columns gets the least
+/// height (to 0.01 pt) at which it fits. True when the frame changed.
+fn auto_height(t: &mut TextObject) -> bool {
+    use vectorcraft_geom::Shape;
+    let Some(b) = auto_height_frame(t) else { return false };
+    let db = vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global();
+    // Lay out in a frame as tall as the canvas allows: everything the width lets through flows.
+    let tall = (crate::MAX_COORD - b.y0).min(1.0e5);
+    if tall <= 1.0 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let mut probe = t.clone();
+    let with_size = |probe: &mut TextObject, w: f64, h: f64| {
+        if let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &mut probe.kind {
+            *frame = PathData::from_bezpath(&vectorcraft_geom::Rect::new(b.x0, b.y0, b.x0 + w, b.y0 + h).to_path(0.1));
+        }
+    };
+    // Columns: all the text in one column as wide as each of them is surely tall enough.
+    let cols = t.area.columns.max(1);
+    let col_w = if cols > 1 { ((b.width() - t.area.gutter.max(0.0) * (cols - 1) as f64) / cols as f64).max(1.0) } else { b.width() };
+    with_size(&mut probe, col_w, tall);
+    probe.area.columns = 1;
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(db, &probe);
+    let inset = t.area.inset.max(0.0);
+    let Some(bottom) = lay.lines.iter().map(|l| l.baseline + l.descent).filter(|y| y.is_finite()).reduce(f64::max) else { return false };
+    // The layout's fit test is `baseline + descent <= bottom + 0.01`: the last line fits exactly.
+    let mut h = (bottom + inset - b.y0).clamp(1.0, tall);
+    if cols > 1 {
+        // The least height (to 0.01 pt) at which the columns hold the text.
+        probe.area.columns = cols;
+        let fits = |probe: &mut TextObject, h: f64| {
+            with_size(probe, b.width(), h);
+            !vectorcraft_text::layout(db, probe).overflow
+        };
+        if !fits(&mut probe, h) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let (mut lo, mut hi) = (1.0, h);
+        for _ in 0..24 {
+            if hi - lo <= 0.01 {
+                break;
+            }
+            let mid = (lo + hi) * 0.5;
+            if fits(&mut probe, mid) { hi = mid } else { lo = mid }
+        }
+        h = hi;
+    }
+    if (h - b.height()).abs() <= 1e-6 {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Scale the frame about its top edge, keeping its anchors (and their order) as they are.
+    let a = Affine::translate((0.0, b.y0)) * Affine::scale_non_uniform(1.0, h / b.height()) * Affine::translate((0.0, -b.y0));
+    let vectorcraft_doc::TextKind::Area { frame } = &mut t.kind else { return false };
+    let mut next = frame.clone();
+    next.transform(a);
+    if next.bounds().is_none_or(|nb| ![nb.x0, nb.y0, nb.x1, nb.y1].iter().all(|v| v.is_finite() && v.abs() <= crate::MAX_COORD)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *frame = next;
+    true
+}
+
+/// Recompute the layout bounds cache for the text among `ids` (and their descendants) that lacks
+/// it. Pasted or imported type arrives without the cache (not serialized), so selection boxes, the
+/// Transform panel and hit testing would fall back to [`TextObject::estimate_bounds`] (a rough
+/// 0.55 em per character) until the text is edited — the box comes up short and alignment looks off.
+pub(crate) fn refresh_bounds_of(d: &mut Document, ids: &[NodeId]) {
+    for id in text_ids(d, ids) {
+        if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(id).map(|n| &mut n.kind)
+            && t.cached_bounds.is_none()
+        {
+            refresh_bounds(t);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Text objects among `ids` and their descendants.
@@ -132,7 +230,16 @@ fn create_outlines(s: &mut Session, _: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind else { continue };
             let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
             let mut children = vec![];
-            for g in &lay.glyphs {
+            for (gi, g) in lay.glyphs.iter().enumerate() {
+                // Inline graphics become instances of their symbols, in place.
+                if let Some(ig) = lay.inlines.iter().find(|i| i.glyph == gi)
+                    && let Some(art) = t.runs.get(ig.run).and_then(|r| r.inline.as_ref())
+                {
+                    let id = d.alloc_id();
+                    let xf = t.xf * ig.xf * d.symbol_natural_xf(&art.symbol);
+                    children.push(Arc::new(Node::new(id, NodeKind::SymbolInstance { symbol: art.symbol.clone(), xf })));
+                    continue;
+                }
                 let path = PathData::from_bezpath(&g.outline).transformed(t.xf);
                 if path.is_empty() {
                     continue;
@@ -173,6 +280,60 @@ pub(crate) fn text_targets(s: &Session, p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Vec<Node
     Ok(t)
 }
 
+/// Optional `start`/`end` byte offsets of a text command: the character range it styles and the
+/// paragraphs it touches. Without either, the command applies to all the text.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct TextRange {
+    start: Option<usize>,
+    end: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+impl TextRange {
+    /// `start`/`end` of `p`, if either is given (non-negative integers).
+    pub(crate) fn parse(p: &Value, cmd: &str) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
+        let get = |k: &str| -> Result<Option<usize>> {
+            match p.get(k) {
+                None | Some(Value::Null) => Ok(None),
+                Some(v) => {
+                    v.as_u64().map(|n| Some(usize::try_from(n).unwrap_or(usize::MAX))).ok_or_else(|| bad(cmd, format!("`{k}` must be a byte offset")))
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let (start, end) = (get("start")?, get("end")?);
+        Ok((start.is_some() || end.is_some()).then_some(Self { start, end }))
+    }
+    /// The byte range in `t`, clamped and ordered.
+    pub(crate) fn bytes(&self, t: &TextObject) -> (usize, usize) {
+        let len = vectorcraft_text::edit::runs_len(&t.runs);
+        let a = self.start.unwrap_or(0).min(len);
+        let b = self.end.unwrap_or(len).min(len);
+        (a.min(b), a.max(b))
+    }
+    /// The paragraphs of `t` the range touches.
+    pub(crate) fn paras(&self, t: &TextObject) -> std::ops::Range<usize> {
+        let (a, b) = self.bytes(t);
+        t.paragraphs_in(a, b)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Paragraphs of `t` an optional range touches (None: every paragraph).
+pub(crate) fn para_span(range: Option<TextRange>, t: &TextObject) -> Option<std::ops::Range<usize>> {
+    range.map(|r| r.paras(t))
+}
+
+/// Apply `f` to the character styles of `range` of `t` (None: every run).
+pub(crate) fn style_chars(t: &mut TextObject, range: Option<TextRange>, mut f: impl FnMut(&mut vectorcraft_doc::CharStyle)) {
+    match range {
+        None => t.runs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| f(&mut r.style)),
+        Some(r) => {
+            let (a, b) = r.bytes(t);
+            if a < b {
+                vectorcraft_text::edit::style_range(&mut t.runs, a, b, f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn set_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let text = str_param(p, "text").ok_or_else(|| bad("text.setText", "missing `text`"))?.to_string();
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, "text.setText")?;
@@ -180,7 +341,9 @@ fn set_text(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             let style = t.first_style();
-            t.runs = vec![vectorcraft_doc::TextRun { text: text.clone(), style }];
+            // Every paragraph of the new text takes the first paragraph's attributes.
+            t.splice_paras(0, vectorcraft_text::edit::runs_len(&t.runs), &text);
+            t.runs = vec![vectorcraft_doc::TextRun { text: text.clone(), style, inline: None }];
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -237,14 +400,14 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     {
         return Err(bad(C, "nothing to change"));
     }
+    let range = TextRange::parse(p, C)?;
     let ids = text_targets(s, p, C)?;
     let protect = s.prefs.missing_glyph_protection && (font.is_some() || style.is_some());
     s.edit("Character", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             let before = protect.then(|| t.runs.clone());
-            for r in &mut t.runs {
-                let st = &mut r.style;
+            style_chars(t, range, |st| {
                 if let Some(f) = &font {
                     st.font_family = f.clone();
                 }
@@ -266,12 +429,13 @@ fn set_style(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
                 if let Some(f) = &features {
                     st.features = f.clone();
                 }
-            }
+            });
             if let Some(before) = before {
                 super::textedit::protect_missing_glyphs(&before, &mut t.runs);
             }
             if let Some(j) = justify {
-                t.para.justify = j;
+                let span = para_span(range, t);
+                t.edit_paras(span, |pa| pa.justify = j);
             }
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -291,10 +455,18 @@ pub(crate) fn reshape_area_with(t: &mut TextObject, f: impl FnOnce(&mut TextObje
         }
         _ => false,
     };
+    let height = |t: &TextObject| auto_height_frame(t).map(|b| b.height());
+    let was = height(t);
     if !(f(t) && within(t)) {
         t.kind = before;
         return false;
     }
+    // Setting the height by hand turns Auto Size off (as in Illustrator); a new width keeps it.
+    if let (Some(a), Some(b)) = (was, height(t))
+        && (a - b).abs() > 1e-6
+    {
+        t.area.fit = vectorcraft_doc::AreaFit::None;
+    }
     refresh_bounds(t);
     true
 }
@@ -333,6 +505,60 @@ fn size_area(t: &mut TextObject, w: Option<f64>, h: Option<f64>) -> bool {
     reshape_area_with(t, |t| t.transform_area(a))
 }
 
+/// The fit `p` asks for (`fit`: none|autoHeight|shrinkText or `{"shrinkText": {"minPercent"}}`,
+/// `fitMinPercent`), starting from `cur`. None when `p` sets neither (or only `fitMinPercent`
+/// while the fit isn't Shrink Text).
+pub(crate) fn fit_param(p: &Value, cur: AreaFit, c: &str) -> Result<Option<AreaFit>> {
+    let min = p.get("fitMinPercent").and_then(Value::as_f64);
+    let cur_min = match cur {
+        AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => Some(min_percent),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+    let fit = match p.get("fit") {
+        None | Some(Value::Null) => match (cur, min) {
+            (AreaFit::ShrinkText { .. }, Some(m)) => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: m },
+            _ => return Ok(None),
+        },
+        Some(Value::String(id)) => {
+            AreaFit::parse(id, min.or(cur_min)).ok_or_else(|| bad(c, format!("fit must be none|autoHeight|shrinkText, got {id}")))?
+        }
+        Some(v) => match serde_json::from_value::<AreaFit>(v.clone()).map_err(|e| bad(c, format!("bad fit: {e}")))? {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: min.unwrap_or(min_percent) },
+            f => f,
+        },
+    };
+    Ok(Some(match fit {
+        AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent: AreaFit::clamp_percent(min_percent) },
+        f => f,
+    }))
+}
+
+/// Area type's options as `text.areaOptions` reports them: the Area Type Options with `fit` as
+/// its id and `fitMinPercent` beside it, the frame's `width` and `height`, and whether the text
+/// `overflow`s its frame at `fitScale` (Shrink Text to Fit's factor; 1 unshrunk).
+pub(crate) fn area_options_json(t: &TextObject) -> Result<Value> {
+    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&t.area).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
+    let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), t);
+    if let Some(o) = v.as_object_mut() {
+        o.insert("fit".into(), json!(t.area.fit.id()));
+        let min = match t.area.fit {
+            AreaFit::ShrinkText { min_percent } => min_percent,
+            _ => AreaFit::DEFAULT_MIN_PERCENT,
+        };
+        o.insert("fitMinPercent".into(), json!(min));
+        if let Some((w, h, _)) = area_size(t) {
+            o.insert("width".into(), json!(w));
+            o.insert("height".into(), json!(h));
+        }
+        o.insert("overflow".into(), json!(lay.overflow));
+        o.insert("fitScale".into(), json!(lay.fit_scale));
+    }
+    Ok(v)
+}
+
+/// The [`vectorcraft_doc::AreaOptions`] keys `text.areaOptions` merges as they are.
+const AREA_KEYS: [&str; 7] = ["rows", "columns", "gutter", "inset", "firstBaseline", "firstBaselineMin", "verticalAlign"];
+
 fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     const C: &str = "text.areaOptions";
     let ids: Vec<NodeId> = {
@@ -342,34 +568,35 @@ fn area_options(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let first = *ids.first().ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
     let options = |s: &Session| -> Result<Value> {
         let t = area_text(s.doc()?.doc.node(first)).ok_or_else(|| bad(C, "select area type (text in a frame)"))?;
-        let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&t.area).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
-        if let (Some(o), Some((w, h, _))) = (v.as_object_mut(), area_size(t)) {
-            o.insert("width".into(), json!(w));
-            o.insert("height".into(), json!(h));
-        }
-        Ok(v)
+        area_options_json(t)
     };
-    let mut v = options(s)?;
-    let size = |k: &str| p.get(k).and_then(Value::as_f64).map(|x| x.clamp(1.0, 100_000.0));
-    let (w, h) = (size("width"), size("height"));
-    let mut changed = w.is_some() || h.is_some();
+    let cur = area_text(s.doc()?.doc.node(first)).map(|t| t.area.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+    let fit = fit_param(p, cur.fit, C)?;
+    let mut v = serde_json::to_value(&cur).map_err(|e| EngineError::Other(e.to_string()))?;
+    let size = |k: &str| p.get(k).and_then(Value::as_f64).filter(|x| x.is_finite()).map(|x| x.clamp(1.0, 100_000.0));
+    let (w, mut h) = (size("width"), size("height"));
+    let mut changed = w.is_some() || h.is_some() || fit.is_some();
     if let (Some(o), Some(src)) = (v.as_object_mut(), p.as_object()) {
-        for (k, val) in src {
-            if o.contains_key(k) && !matches!(k.as_str(), "ids" | "width" | "height") {
-                o.insert(k.clone(), val.clone());
-                changed = true;
-            }
+        for (k, val) in src.iter().filter(|(k, _)| AREA_KEYS.contains(&k.as_str())) {
+            o.insert(k.clone(), val.clone());
+            changed = true;
         }
     }
     if !changed {
-        return Ok(v);
+        return options(s);
     }
     let mut opts: vectorcraft_doc::AreaOptions = serde_json::from_value(v).map_err(|e| bad(C, e.to_string()))?;
     opts.rows = opts.rows.clamp(1, 100);
     opts.columns = opts.columns.clamp(1, 100);
-    opts.gutter = opts.gutter.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
-    opts.inset = opts.inset.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
-    opts.first_baseline_min = opts.first_baseline_min.clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    let finite = |x: f64| if x.is_finite() { x } else { 0.0 };
+    opts.gutter = finite(opts.gutter).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.inset = finite(opts.inset).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.first_baseline_min = finite(opts.first_baseline_min).clamp(0.0, 10_000.0);
+    opts.fit = fit.unwrap_or(cur.fit);
+    if opts.fit == AreaFit::AutoHeight {
+        // Auto Size sets the height (Illustrator's dialog turns the Height field off).
+        h = None;
+    }
     s.edit("Area Type Options", |d, _| {
         for id in &ids {
             if let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) {
@@ -413,6 +640,103 @@ fn reshape_area(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 mod area_tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn burasagari_is_set_per_paragraph_and_saved_only_when_on() {
+        use vectorcraft_doc::Burasagari;
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 400})).unwrap();
+        let id = s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 10, "y": 10, "text": "雅楽、笙。", "area": {"width": 200, "height": 100}})).unwrap()["id"]
+            .as_u64()
+            .unwrap();
+        let para = |s: &Session| match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind {
+            NodeKind::Text(t) => t.para.clone(),
+            _ => panic!("text"),
+        };
+        // New type: Standard.
+        assert_eq!(para(&s).burasagari, Burasagari::Standard);
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": [id]})).unwrap();
+        assert!(s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"burasagari": "strong"})).is_err());
+        s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"burasagari": "forced"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(para(&s).burasagari, Burasagari::Forced);
+        assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(para(&s)).unwrap()["burasagari"], "forced");
+        s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"burasagari": "none"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(para(&s).burasagari, Burasagari::None);
+        // Saved only when on; documents from before it read as None.
+        assert!(serde_json::to_value(para(&s)).unwrap().get("burasagari").is_none());
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(para(&s).burasagari, Burasagari::Standard);
+        let old: vectorcraft_doc::ParaStyle = serde_json::from_value(json!({"justify": "Left"})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(old.burasagari, Burasagari::None);
+    }
+
+    /// #432: while the interface is in Japanese, new type (text.create, text.createInPath) starts
+    /// with em box top-to-top leading and em box centre alignment, and new styles made from nothing
+    /// carry them; params override; the values are journaled; imported text keeps the Roman
+    /// baseline.
+    #[test]
+    fn new_type_takes_the_japanese_defaults_while_the_interface_is_japanese() {
+        use vectorcraft_doc::{CharAlign, LeadingModel};
+        let mut s = Session::new();
+        s.execute("file.new", &json!({"width": 400, "height": 400})).unwrap();
+        let made = |s: &mut Session, cmd: &str, p: Value| -> (LeadingModel, CharAlign) {
+            let id = s.execute(cmd, &p).unwrap()["id"].as_u64().unwrap();
+            match &s.doc().unwrap().doc.node(NodeId(id)).unwrap().kind {
+                NodeKind::Text(t) => (t.para.leading_model, t.runs[0].style.char_align),
+                _ => panic!("text"),
+            }
+        };
+        let roman = (LeadingModel::RomanBaseline, CharAlign::RomanBaseline);
+        let japanese = (LeadingModel::EmBoxTop, CharAlign::EmBoxCenter);
+        let point = json!({"x": 10, "y": 50, "text": "雅楽"});
+        assert!(!s.japanese_interface());
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.create", point.clone()), roman, "headless, `auto`: the Roman defaults");
+        s.ui_language = Some("ja".into());
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.create", point.clone()), japanese);
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.create", json!({"x": 10, "y": 90, "text": "笙", "area": {"width": 100, "height": 50}})), japanese);
+        // Journaled: a replay in another language does the same.
+        let (_, logged) = s.journal.last().unwrap().clone();
+        assert_eq!((logged["leadingModel"].as_str(), logged["charAlign"].as_str()), (Some("emBoxTop"), Some("emBoxCenter")));
+        // Params override.
+        assert_eq!(
+            made(&mut s, "text.create", json!({"x": 10, "y": 120, "text": "a", "leadingModel": "romanBaseline", "charAlign": "romanBaseline"})),
+            roman
+        );
+        assert!(s.execute("text.create", &json!({"x": 0, "y": 0, "text": "a", "leadingModel": "middle"})).is_err());
+        // Area type in a path.
+        let path = s.execute("shape.rectangle", &json!({"x": 200, "y": 200, "width": 100, "height": 80})).unwrap()["id"].clone();
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.createInPath", json!({"path": path, "mode": "area", "text": "篳篥"})), japanese);
+        // A preference set to Japanese counts without a UI; another language doesn't.
+        s.ui_language = None;
+        s.prefs.interface_language = "ja".into();
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.create", point.clone()), japanese);
+        s.ui_language = Some("en".into());
+        assert_eq!(made(&mut s, "text.create", point.clone()), roman);
+        // New styles made from nothing.
+        s.execute("select.set", &json!({"ids": []})).unwrap();
+        s.ui_language = Some("ja".into());
+        let style = |s: &mut Session, kind: &str| {
+            let name = s.execute(&format!("{kind}.new"), &json!({})).unwrap()["name"].as_str().unwrap().to_string();
+            let list = s.execute(&format!("{kind}.list"), &json!({})).unwrap();
+            list["styles"].as_array().unwrap().iter().find(|st| st["name"] == name.as_str()).unwrap()["attrs"].clone()
+        };
+        assert_eq!(style(&mut s, "paraStyle"), json!({"leading_model": "emBoxTop"}));
+        assert_eq!(style(&mut s, "charStyle"), json!({"charAlign": "emBoxCenter"}));
+        s.ui_language = Some("en".into());
+        assert_eq!(style(&mut s, "paraStyle"), json!({}));
+        // Imported text keeps the Roman baseline.
+        s.ui_language = Some("ja".into());
+        let svg = r#"<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="200" height="100"><text x="10" y="50">雅楽</text></svg>"#;
+        s.execute("document.open", &json!({"name": "t.svg", "dataBase64": vectorcraft_format::base64_encode(svg.as_bytes())})).unwrap();
+        let mut found = vec![];
+        s.doc().unwrap().doc.walk(|n| {
+            if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &n.kind {
+                found.push((t.para.leading_model, t.runs[0].style.char_align));
+            }
+        });
+        assert_eq!(found, [roman]);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn leading_model_is_set_per_paragraph_and_saved_only_when_top_to_top() {
         use vectorcraft_doc::LeadingModel;
@@ -432,7 +756,10 @@ mod area_tests {
         s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"leadingModel": "emBoxTop"})).unwrap();
         let t = text(&s);
         assert_eq!(t.para.leading_model, LeadingModel::EmBoxTop);
-        assert_ne!(t.cached_bounds, before, "the first line moves up to the frame's top");
+        // The fallback used without craft-fonts has no glyph metrics to move the first line.
+        if !vectorcraft_text::CRAFT_FONTS.is_empty() {
+            assert_ne!(t.cached_bounds, before, "the first line moves up to the frame's top");
+        }
         assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(&t.para).unwrap()["leading_model"], "emBoxTop");
         s.execute("edit.undo", &json!({})).unwrap();
         assert!(serde_json::to_value(&text(&s).para).unwrap().get("leading_model").is_none());
@@ -462,6 +789,12 @@ mod area_tests {
         s.execute("text.setRangeStyle", &json!({"id": id, "start": 3, "end": 6, "charAlign": "emBoxTop"})).unwrap();
         let aligns: Vec<_> = runs(&s).iter().map(|r| (r.text.clone(), r.style.char_align)).collect();
         assert_eq!(aligns, [("雅".to_string(), CharAlign::RomanBaseline), ("楽".to_string(), CharAlign::EmBoxTop)]);
+        // The ideographic character face's top and bottom.
+        for (key, want) in [("icfTop", CharAlign::IcfTop), ("icfBottom", CharAlign::IcfBottom)] {
+            s.execute("text.setFormat", &json!({"charAlign": key})).unwrap();
+            assert!(runs(&s).iter().all(|r| r.style.char_align == want));
+            assert_eq!(serde_json::to_value(&runs(&s)[0].style).unwrap()["charAlign"], key);
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -543,7 +876,8 @@ fn headline_fit(t: &TextObject, tracking: f64) -> Option<(f64, f64, usize)> {
     let lay = vectorcraft_text::layout(vectorcraft_text::FontDb::global(), &probe);
     let cell = lay.frames.first()?;
     let line = lay.lines.first()?;
-    let avail = cell.width() - 2.0 * t.area.inset - t.para.left_indent - t.para.right_indent;
+    let para = t.para_at(0);
+    let avail = cell.width() - 2.0 * t.area.inset - para.left_indent - para.right_indent;
     Some((line.x1 - line.x0, avail, lay.lines.iter().filter(|l| l.start < para_end).count()))
 }
 

crates/engine/src/cmd/typemenu.rs

@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ fn edit_runs<S: Default>(s: &mut Session, label: &str, ids: &[NodeId], f: impl F
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             let mut st = S::default();
             let mut any = false;
-            for r in &mut t.runs {
+            // Inline graphics are art, not characters to rewrite.
+            for r in t.runs.iter_mut().filter(|r| r.inline.is_none()) {
                 let n = f(&r.text, &mut st);
                 if n != r.text {
                     r.text = n;
@@ -272,7 +273,7 @@ fn to_area(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             let top = lay.lines.first().map(|l| l.baseline - l.ascent).unwrap_or(b.y0).min(b.y0);
             let slack = size * 0.5;
             // Slack goes where the alignment leaves room, so the text doesn't move or rewrap.
-            let (sl, sr) = match t.para.justify {
+            let (sl, sr) = match t.para_at(0).justify {
                 Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => (slack * 0.5, slack * 0.5),
                 Justify::Right | Justify::JustifyRight => (slack, 0.0),
                 Justify::Auto if lay.lines.first().is_some_and(|l| l.rtl) => (slack, 0.0),
@@ -315,20 +316,33 @@ fn to_point(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
             breaks.sort_unstable();
             breaks.dedup();
             for b in breaks.into_iter().rev() {
+                // Each wrapped line becomes a paragraph with its paragraph's attributes.
                 if plain.as_bytes().get(b - 1) == Some(&b' ') {
                     if let Some((ri, bi)) = locate(&t.runs, b - 1) {
+                        t.splice_paras(b - 1, b, "\n");
                         t.runs[ri].text.replace_range(bi..bi + 1, "\n");
                     }
                 } else if let Some((ri, bi)) = locate(&t.runs, b) {
-                    t.runs[ri].text.insert(bi, '\n');
+                    t.splice_paras(b, b, "\n");
+                    // Never inside an inline graphic's run: at the end of the run before it, or a
+                    // run of its own.
+                    match t.runs.get(ri) {
+                        Some(r) if r.inline.is_some() => match ri.checked_sub(1).and_then(|p| t.runs.get_mut(p)) {
+                            Some(prev) if prev.inline.is_none() => prev.text.push('\n'),
+                            _ => {
+                                let style = t.runs.get(ri).map(|r| r.style.clone()).unwrap_or_default();
+                                t.runs.insert(ri, TextRun::new("\n", style));
+                            }
+                        },
+                        _ => t.runs[ri].text.insert(bi, '\n'),
+                    }
                 }
             }
             // The point origin sits where the alignment anchors the first line.
-            let (x0, x1) = lay
-                .lines
-                .first()
-                .map_or((fb.x0, fb.x1), |l| (l.avail.0 - t.para.left_indent - t.para.first_line_indent, l.avail.1 + t.para.right_indent));
-            let ox = match t.para.justify {
+            let p0 = t.para_at(0);
+            let (x0, x1) =
+                lay.lines.first().map_or((fb.x0, fb.x1), |l| (l.avail.0 - p0.left_indent - p0.first_line_indent, l.avail.1 + p0.right_indent));
+            let ox = match p0.justify {
                 Justify::Center | Justify::JustifyCenter => (x0 + x1) * 0.5,
                 Justify::Right | Justify::JustifyRight => x1,
                 Justify::Auto if lay.lines.first().is_some_and(|l| l.rtl) => x1,
@@ -479,7 +493,7 @@ pub(crate) fn fill_with_placeholder(t: &mut TextObject) {
         }
         _ => PLACEHOLDER.split(". ").next().unwrap_or(PLACEHOLDER).to_string() + ".",
     };
-    t.runs = vec![TextRun { text, style }];
+    t.runs = vec![TextRun { text, style, inline: None }];
     refresh_bounds(t);
 }
 
@@ -529,8 +543,13 @@ fn insert_char(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
         for id in &ids {
             let Some(NodeKind::Text(t)) = d.node_mut(*id).map(|n| &mut n.kind) else { continue };
             match t.runs.last_mut() {
-                Some(r) => r.text.push_str(&text),
-                None => t.runs.push(TextRun { text: text.clone(), style: CharStyle::default() }),
+                Some(r) if r.inline.is_none() => r.text.push_str(&text),
+                // After an inline graphic: a run of its own, in its style.
+                Some(r) => {
+                    let style = r.style.clone();
+                    t.runs.push(TextRun::new(text.clone(), style));
+                }
+                None => t.runs.push(TextRun { text: text.clone(), style: CharStyle::default(), inline: None }),
             }
             refresh_bounds(t);
         }
@@ -645,8 +664,8 @@ fn find_next(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn strip_formatting(n: &mut vectorcraft_doc::Node) {
     if let NodeKind::Text(t) = &mut n.kind {
         let text = t.plain_text();
-        t.runs = vec![TextRun { text, style: CharStyle::default() }];
-        t.para = Default::default();
+        t.runs = vec![TextRun { text, style: CharStyle::default(), inline: None }];
+        t.set_all_paras(Default::default());
         refresh_bounds(t);
     }
     if let Some(ch) = n.children_mut() {

crates/engine/src/cmd/xform.rs

@@ -371,35 +371,24 @@ fn sample_color(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
 fn artboard_move(s: &mut Session, p: &Value) -> Result<Value> {
     let i = p.get("index").and_then(Value::as_u64).ok_or_else(|| bad("artboard.move", "missing index"))? as usize;
     let dv = Vec2::new(f64_or(p, "dx", 0.0), f64_or(p, "dy", 0.0));
-    let move_art = bool_or(p, "moveArt", false);
-    let st = s.doc()?;
-    let rect = st.doc.artboards.get(i).map(|a| a.rect).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
-    let art = if move_art { st.doc.art_on_artboard(rect, s.prefs.move_locked_with_artboard) } else { vec![] };
+    let art = super::panelcmds::artboard_art(s, i, bool_or(p, "moveArt", false))?;
     let scale_strokes = s.prefs.scale_strokes;
     let copy = bool_or(p, "copy", false);
     let (index, moved) = s.edit(if copy { "Duplicate Artboard" } else { "Move Artboard" }, |d, _| {
-        let src = d.artboards.get(i).cloned().ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
         // A copy keeps the artboard (and its art) where they are and moves duplicates instead.
-        if !copy {
-            if let Some(a) = d.artboards.get_mut(i) {
-                a.rect = src.rect + dv;
-            }
-            for id in &art {
-                if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
-                    n.transform(Affine::translate(dv), scale_strokes);
-                }
-            }
-            return Ok((i, art.clone()));
+        if copy {
+            return super::panelcmds::copy_artboard(d, i, dv, &art, scale_strokes);
         }
-        let index = super::panelcmds::push_artboard_copy(d, &src, src.rect + dv);
-        let mut copies = Vec::with_capacity(art.len());
+        let a = d.artboards.get_mut(i).ok_or_else(|| EngineError::Other("no such artboard".into()))?;
+        a.rect = a.rect + dv;
+        let id = a.id;
+        d.move_artboard_guides(id, dv);
         for id in &art {
-            let (Some((parent, at, _)), Some(n)) = (d.position(*id), d.node(*id).cloned()) else { continue };
-            let mut c = d.reid(&n);
-            c.transform(Affine::translate(dv), scale_strokes);
-            copies.push(d.insert(parent, at + 1, c)?);
+            if let Some(n) = d.node_mut(*id) {
+                n.transform(Affine::translate(dv), scale_strokes);
+            }
         }
-        Ok((index, copies))
+        Ok((i, art.clone()))
     })?;
     Ok(json!({ "index": index, "moved": moved.iter().map(|i| i.0).collect::<Vec<_>>() }))
 }