Merge pull request #167 from benandez/feat/i18n-runtime

Add craft-i18n: shared translation runtime for the Craft apps
This commit is contained in:
skylar taylor-barrick authored and GitHub committed 2026-10-18 12:44:29 -06:00
commit 16ec4f7e69
8 files changed
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@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
name: Translations
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
branches: [main]
paths: ['crates/i18n/**', 'Cargo.toml', 'Cargo.lock', '.github/workflows/i18n.yml']
pull_request:
paths: ['crates/i18n/**', 'Cargo.toml', 'Cargo.lock', '.github/workflows/i18n.yml']
permissions:
contents: read
jobs:
i18n:
timeout-minutes: 15
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
with:
components: rustfmt, clippy
- run: cargo fmt --check
- run: cargo clippy -p craft-i18n --all-targets --locked -- -D warnings
- run: cargo test -p craft-i18n --locked -- --nocapture
Generated
+50
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@@ -609,6 +609,15 @@ dependencies = [
name = "craft-docpath"
version = "0.1.0"
[[package]]
name = "craft-i18n"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = [
"intl_pluralrules",
"sys-locale",
"unic-langid",
]
[[package]]
name = "craft-pdf"
version = "0.1.0"
@@ -1934,6 +1943,15 @@ dependencies = [
"hashbrown 0.17.1",
]
[[package]]
name = "intl_pluralrules"
version = "7.0.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "078ea7b7c29a2b4df841a7f6ac8775ff6074020c6776d48491ce2268e068f972"
dependencies = [
"unic-langid",
]
[[package]]
name = "ipnet"
version = "2.12.2"
@@ -4194,6 +4212,18 @@ dependencies = [
"syn 3.0.6",
]
[[package]]
name = "sys-locale"
version = "0.3.2"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "8eab9a99a024a169fe8a903cf9d4a3b3601109bcc13bd9e3c6fff259138626c4"
dependencies = [
"js-sys",
"libc",
"wasm-bindgen",
"web-sys",
]
[[package]]
name = "system-configuration"
version = "0.7.0"
@@ -4346,6 +4376,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "b1e27c91459209c2986af3dcf603a5a74a4368754ce37414f59acc971167f643"
dependencies = [
"displaydoc",
"serde_core",
"zerovec",
]
@@ -4573,6 +4604,24 @@ version = "1.20.1"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "b6f5e870be6c3b371b77fe0ee0bafb859fa4964b4404c27de1d380043c4dda20"
[[package]]
name = "unic-langid"
version = "0.9.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "a28ba52c9b05311f4f6e62d5d9d46f094bd6e84cb8df7b3ef952748d752a7d05"
dependencies = [
"unic-langid-impl",
]
[[package]]
name = "unic-langid-impl"
version = "0.9.6"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "dce1bf08044d4b7a94028c93786f8566047edc11110595914de93362559bc658"
dependencies = [
"tinystr",
]
[[package]]
name = "unicode-bidi"
version = "0.3.18"
@@ -5826,6 +5875,7 @@ version = "0.11.8"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "bb0464e17806c1d976d5cba29399c7f08e516e279e2ba493f63123b5fca67dd8"
dependencies = [
"serde",
"yoke",
"zerofrom",
"zerovec-derive",
+1
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@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ thiserror = "2"
craft-atomic = { path = "crates/atomic" }
craft-cms = { path = "crates/cms" }
craft-docpath = { path = "crates/docpath" }
craft-i18n = { path = "crates/i18n" }
craft-print = { path = "crates/print" }
craft-quit = { path = "crates/quit" }
craft-settings = { path = "crates/settings" }
+4
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@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ craft-<name> = { git = "https://github.com/storytold/craft-libs", rev = "<commit
- [`craft-docpath`](crates/docpath/src/lib.rs): decides whether a path or `file:` URL stored in a
document may be opened. Paths stored in documents are followed only when they are local or on the
document's own network share; other network paths, device paths and non-file URLs are refused.
- [`craft-i18n`](crates/i18n/README.md): translations over the embedded craft-i18n catalogs:
lookup with fallback (`pt-br` → `pt` → English), plurals, language names, the system locale and
a pseudo locale. The catalogs stay a fully optional build input; apps keep `tl!` and their
language setting.
- [`craft-print`](crates/print/README.md): PDF submission to CUPS and Windows, printer discovery,
duplex/copies/colour and driver preferences. PDF generation stays in each app.
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[package]
name = "craft-i18n"
description = "Translations for the Craft apps: the embedded craft-i18n catalogs, lookup with fallback, plurals, language names and the system locale."
version.workspace = true
edition.workspace = true
license.workspace = true
rust-version.workspace = true
repository.workspace = true
[dependencies]
intl_pluralrules = "=7.0.2"
unic-langid = "0.9"
sys-locale = "0.3"
[target.'cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")'.dependencies]
sys-locale = { version = "0.3", features = ["js"] }
[lints]
workspace = true
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# craft-i18n
Translations for the Craft apps: lookup with fallback, plurals, language names and the system
locale, over the catalogs of [craft-i18n](https://github.com/benandez/craft-i18n) (the data
repository, same name).
The catalogs are a fully optional build input. An app's `build.rs` embeds them from
`CRAFT_I18N_DIR` as a static `CRAFT_I18N: &[(locale, shared catalog, app catalog)]`, empty when the
variable is unset; the recipe is in craft-i18n's
[`docs/integration.md`](https://github.com/benandez/craft-i18n/blob/main/docs/integration.md).
This crate never reads files.
## Wiring an app
```rust
use std::cell::Cell;
use std::sync::LazyLock;
include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/craft_i18n.rs")); // pub static CRAFT_I18N: &craft_i18n::Embedded
pub static I18N: LazyLock<craft_i18n::I18n> = LazyLock::new(|| {
let offered: Vec<&str> = LANGUAGES.iter().map(|l| l.code).collect(); // the app's own list
let (i18n, problems) = craft_i18n::I18n::new(CRAFT_I18N, &offered);
problems.iter().for_each(|p| log::warn!("translation catalog: {p}; that string shows in English"));
i18n
});
thread_local! { static CURRENT: Cell<craft_i18n::Lang> = const { Cell::new(craft_i18n::Lang::EN) }; }
macro_rules! tl { ($s:expr) => { $crate::I18N.t($crate::CURRENT.get(), $s) }; }
```
The app keeps its `tl!` macro, its language setting (`"auto"` → `I18N.system_lang()`, otherwise
`I18N.from_code`) and its picker (`I18N.languages()`, `I18N.name(lang)`).
## Behaviour
- **Offered locales:** `I18n::new` takes the codes the app offers (its own language list), so an
app never offers a language its interface isn't ready for (Arabic without right-to-left layout,
say). `languages()`, `from_code`, `match_tag` and `system_lang` only return offered locales; an
embedded locale that isn't offered still serves as a fallback (`pt` for an offered `pt-br`).
- **Fallback:** locale by locale along the chain, `pt-br` → `pt` → the English source text. In
each locale, app rows override shared ones, and `tc`/`tid` try their context or `@id` row before
the plain row, so `pt-br`'s plain row beats `pt`'s `menu` row. Only a region falls back (`pt-br`
→ `pt`, `zh-hant-hk` → `zh-hant`); `sr-latn` never falls back to Cyrillic `sr`. A missing
translation never errors.
- **Lookups:** `t` (plain), `tc` (with a context such as `menu` or `@msg`, else plain), `tid` (an
`@id` command id, else the English label), `trn` (a count, `@plural` rows, `{n}` filled), `get`
(one context along the locale chain, so `pt-br` can return a `pt` row, but never the plain row
or English: a key cap's name under `key`, or "is there a translation?"), and `fmt` for `{name}`
placeholders, filled in one pass.
- **Bad rows** (malformed, an unknown `@` context, a wrong plural form count, a row defined twice,
of which the first is kept) and bad locales (`en`, `pseudo`, a code embedded twice in any case)
are skipped and returned by `I18n::new` for the app to log; craft-i18n's CI rejects them before
they ship.
- **Plurals:** forms are listed in CLDR order (zero, one, two, few, many, other) for the categories
whole numbers 0 to 1000 reach, from `intl_pluralrules`; a count in any other category takes the
last form. CLDR's `pt` is Brazilian, so `pt` uses `pt-PT`'s rules (0 is plural) and `pt-br`
`pt`'s. `intl_pluralrules` is pinned to the version craft-i18n's checker uses, and
`plural_form_counts` holds the same counts.
- **Names:** a language's name comes from its shared catalog's `@id language.name` row, else its
code; English is "English".
- **Right to left:** `rtl` is true for `ar`, `ckb`, `dv`, `fa`, `he`, `ps`, `sd`, `ug`, `ur` and
`yi`; putting text into display order is the app's job.
- **System locale:** `system_lang` matches the system's list once and caches it: on desktop Unix
`LANGUAGE`, `LC_ALL`, `LC_MESSAGES` and `LANG`, read raw; elsewhere `sys-locale`'s (macOS and
Windows preferred languages, the browser's on the web). `fr_CA.UTF-8` → `fr`, `zh-TW` →
`zh-hant`, `pt-PT` → `pt-br` when that is the only Portuguese, `C`/`POSIX` → English. A script
is never crossed: `sr_RS@latin` and `sr-Latn-RS` pick `sr-latn`, never `sr`, while `sr-Cyrl-RS`
picks `sr`.
- **Pseudo locale** (`pseudo`, debug builds only, never in `languages()`): every lookup, `get`
included, comes back as `⟦…⟧`, line by line, so text drawn without the marks never went through
translation. `looked_up()` lists the source texts looked up so far, for an audit against a
complete catalog.
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//! Reading one catalog. The rules are craft-i18n's `docs/catalog-format.md`; craft-i18n's CI
//! applies them strictly, and here a row that breaks one is skipped and reported, so an app built
//! against a newer catalog still runs, with that string in English.
use std::collections::HashSet;
/// A row that passed, with its columns unescaped.
pub(crate) struct Entry {
pub context: String,
pub source: String,
pub translation: String,
}
/// The contexts with a meaning here. Any other context starting with `@` is skipped.
const RESERVED: &[&str] = &["@plural", "@id", "@msg"];
/// The rows of a catalog whose locale has `forms` plural forms, and one problem (`line N: …`) per
/// row skipped. Of a row defined twice, the first is kept, as in craft-i18n's checker.
pub(crate) fn parse(text: &str, forms: usize) -> (Vec<Entry>, Vec<String>) {
let text = text.strip_prefix('\u{feff}').unwrap_or(text);
let mut rows = Vec::new();
let mut problems = Vec::new();
let mut seen = HashSet::new();
for (i, line) in text.split('\n').enumerate() {
let line = line.strip_suffix('\r').unwrap_or(line);
if line.is_empty() || line.starts_with('#') {
continue;
}
match parse_row(line, forms) {
Ok(row) if !seen.insert((row.context.clone(), row.source.clone())) => {
problems.push(format!("line {}: defined twice (same context and source text); the first is kept", i + 1));
}
Ok(row) => rows.push(row),
Err(e) => problems.push(format!("line {}: {e}", i + 1)),
}
}
(rows, problems)
}
fn parse_row(text: &str, forms: usize) -> Result<Entry, String> {
let columns: Vec<&str> = text.split('\t').collect();
let [context, source, translation] = columns.as_slice() else {
return Err(format!("{} columns; expected 3", columns.len()));
};
if text.chars().any(|c| c != '\t' && (c.is_control() || c == '\u{feff}')) {
return Err("invisible character in the row".into());
}
let row = Entry { context: unescape(context)?, source: unescape(source)?, translation: unescape(translation)? };
if row.source.is_empty() || row.translation.is_empty() {
return Err("empty source text or translation".into());
}
match row.context.as_str() {
"@id" => {}
"@plural" => check_plural(&row.source, &row.translation, forms)?,
c if c.starts_with('@') && !RESERVED.contains(&c) => {
return Err(format!("unknown reserved context {c:?}"));
}
_ => {
if placeholders(&row.source) != placeholders(&row.translation) {
return Err("placeholders differ from the source text".into());
}
if row.source.ends_with('…') != row.translation.ends_with('…') {
return Err("trailing … differs from the source text".into());
}
}
}
Ok(row)
}
fn check_plural(source: &str, translation: &str, forms: usize) -> Result<(), String> {
let english: Vec<&str> = source.split('|').collect();
let [one, other] = english.as_slice() else {
return Err("plural source text must be one|other".into());
};
if one.is_empty() || other.is_empty() || placeholders(one) != placeholders(other) {
return Err("plural source forms must be nonempty with the same placeholders".into());
}
let translated: Vec<&str> = translation.split('|').collect();
if translated.len() != forms || translated.iter().any(|f| f.is_empty()) {
return Err(format!("expected {forms} nonempty plural forms"));
}
if translated.iter().any(|f| placeholders(f) != placeholders(other)) {
return Err("plural form placeholders differ from the source text".into());
}
Ok(())
}
fn unescape(text: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
let mut out = String::with_capacity(text.len());
let mut chars = text.chars();
while let Some(c) = chars.next() {
if c != '\\' {
out.push(c);
continue;
}
match chars.next() {
Some('n') => out.push('\n'),
Some('t') => out.push('\t'),
Some('\\') => out.push('\\'),
Some(other) => return Err(format!("unknown escape \\{other}")),
None => return Err("trailing backslash".into()),
}
}
Ok(out)
}
/// `{name}` placeholders, sorted: translations may reorder them.
fn placeholders(text: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
let mut names = Vec::new();
let mut rest = text;
while let Some((_, after)) = rest.split_once('{') {
let Some((name, after)) = after.split_once('}') else {
break;
};
names.push(name);
rest = after;
}
names.sort_unstable();
names
}
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//! Translations for the Craft apps.
//!
//! An app embeds the [craft-i18n](https://github.com/benandez/craft-i18n) catalogs at build time
//! as an [`Embedded`] static, builds one [`I18n`] from it, and looks English source text up in a
//! [`Lang`]. A missing translation is the English itself; nothing here fails.
#![deny(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic, clippy::unimplemented, clippy::todo, clippy::unreachable)]
mod catalog;
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap};
use std::sync::{Mutex, OnceLock, PoisonError};
use intl_pluralrules::{PluralCategory, PluralRuleType, PluralRules};
use unic_langid::LanguageIdentifier;
/// The catalogs an app embeds, one entry per locale: (locale, shared catalog, the app's catalog).
/// A missing catalog is `""`.
pub type Embedded = [(&'static str, &'static str, &'static str)];
/// A language the interface can be shown in: English, the pseudo locale, or an embedded locale.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Lang(usize);
impl Lang {
/// English: the source text itself.
pub const EN: Lang = Lang(0);
/// A test-only locale that marks every looked-up string.
pub const PSEUDO: Lang = Lang(1);
}
/// One locale's translations: context → source text → translation, app rows over shared ones.
struct Locale {
code: String,
rows: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, String>>,
/// Itself, then its parent without the region if that is embedded too (`pt-br`, `pt`;
/// `zh-hant-hk`, `zh-hant`). Empty for English and the pseudo locale.
chain: Vec<usize>,
/// The app offers it: in [`I18n::languages`], found by code and system tag. An embedded locale
/// the app doesn't offer still serves as a fallback.
offered: bool,
/// Plural rules and the categories `@plural` forms list, in order.
plural: Option<(PluralRules, Vec<PluralCategory>)>,
}
/// The embedded catalogs, ready for lookups. Build it once, at start-up.
pub struct I18n {
locales: Vec<Locale>,
/// Marked strings for the pseudo locale by source text, leaked so lookups can hand out `&str`.
/// Debug builds only; the keys are what [`I18n::looked_up`] reports.
// ponytail: grows by one leak per distinct source text, fine for a test run; an arena if the
// pseudo locale ever ships.
pseudo: Mutex<BTreeMap<String, &'static str>>,
/// [`I18n::system_lang`], read once.
system: OnceLock<Lang>,
}
impl I18n {
/// Read `embedded`, offering the locales in `offered` (any case; the app's own language list),
/// so an app never offers a language its interface isn't ready for (right to left, say). Rows
/// and locales that can't be used are skipped and come back as problems
/// (`<locale>/<common|app>: line N: …`) for the app to log.
pub fn new(embedded: &'static Embedded, offered: &[&str]) -> (I18n, Vec<String>) {
let mut problems = Vec::new();
let mut locales = vec![bare("en"), bare("pseudo")];
for (code, shared, app) in embedded {
let code = code.to_ascii_lowercase();
if locales.iter().any(|l| l.code == code) {
problems.push(format!("{code}: reserved or embedded twice; skipped"));
continue;
}
let plural = plural_rules(&code);
if plural.is_none() {
problems.push(format!("{code}: no plural rules; plurals show in English"));
}
let forms = plural.as_ref().map_or(1, |(_, c)| c.len());
let mut rows: HashMap<String, HashMap<String, String>> = HashMap::new();
for (name, text) in [("common", shared), ("app", app)] {
let (entries, errors) = catalog::parse(text, forms);
problems.extend(errors.into_iter().map(|e| format!("{code}/{name}: {e}")));
for e in entries {
rows.entry(e.context).or_default().insert(e.source, e.translation);
}
}
let offered = offered.iter().any(|o| o.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&code));
locales.push(Locale { code, rows, chain: Vec::new(), plural, offered });
}
for i in 2..locales.len() {
let mut chain = vec![i];
// Only a region falls back (`pt-br` → `pt`, `zh-hant-hk` → `zh-hant`); a script
// doesn't, since `sr-latn` → `sr` would show Cyrillic.
let code = locales.get(i).map_or("", |l| l.code.as_str());
let base = match code.rsplit_once('-') {
Some((parent, region)) if is_region(region) => parent,
_ => "",
};
if let Some(b) = locales.iter().skip(2).position(|l| l.code == base)
&& b + 2 != i
{
chain.push(b + 2);
}
if let Some(l) = locales.get_mut(i) {
l.chain = chain;
}
}
(I18n { locales, pseudo: Mutex::default(), system: OnceLock::new() }, problems)
}
/// The language with this code (any case): `en`, an offered locale, or in debug builds
/// `pseudo`.
pub fn from_code(&self, code: &str) -> Option<Lang> {
let i = self.locales.iter().position(|l| l.code.eq_ignore_ascii_case(code))?;
let usable = match Lang(i) {
Lang::EN => true,
Lang::PSEUDO => cfg!(debug_assertions),
_ => self.locales.get(i).is_some_and(|l| l.offered),
};
usable.then_some(Lang(i))
}
/// The language's code, lowercase BCP 47 (`pt-br`).
pub fn code(&self, lang: Lang) -> &str {
self.locale(lang).map_or("en", |l| l.code.as_str())
}
/// `source` in `lang`, or `source` itself.
pub fn t<'a>(&'a self, lang: Lang, source: &'a str) -> &'a str {
if lang == Lang::PSEUDO {
return self.mark(source);
}
self.find(lang, &[("", source)]).unwrap_or(source)
}
/// `source` with a disambiguating `context` (`menu`, `@msg`); in each locale of the chain the
/// context row, then the plain one, so `pt-br`'s plain row beats `pt`'s context row.
pub fn tc<'a>(&'a self, lang: Lang, context: &str, source: &'a str) -> &'a str {
if lang == Lang::PSEUDO {
return self.mark(source);
}
self.find(lang, &[(context, source), ("", source)]).unwrap_or(source)
}
/// The translation of (`context`, `source`) along `lang`'s chain, with no fallback to the plain
/// row or the English: for strings that must not borrow another meaning's wording (a key cap's
/// name under context `key`), or to ask whether a translation exists.
pub fn get<'a>(&'a self, lang: Lang, context: &str, source: &'a str) -> Option<&'a str> {
if lang == Lang::PSEUDO {
return Some(self.mark(source));
}
self.find(lang, &[(context, source)])
}
/// A command's label by its `id` (`@id` rows); in each locale of the chain the `@id` row, then
/// the plain row of the English `label`.
pub fn tid<'a>(&'a self, lang: Lang, id: &str, label: &'a str) -> &'a str {
if lang == Lang::PSEUDO {
return self.mark(label);
}
self.find(lang, &[("@id", id), ("", label)]).unwrap_or(label)
}
/// A count's wording in `lang`, `{n}` filled in. `one` and `other` are the English forms;
/// they are also the key of the `@plural` row, and the fallback.
pub fn trn(&self, lang: Lang, n: u64, one: &str, other: &str) -> String {
let key = format!("{one}|{other}");
let chain = self.locale(lang).map_or(&[][..], |l| l.chain.as_slice());
let text = chain
.iter()
.find_map(|&i| {
let locale = self.locales.get(i)?;
let forms = locale.rows.get("@plural")?.get(&key)?;
let (rules, categories) = locale.plural.as_ref()?;
let category = rules.select(n).ok()?;
// A category whole numbers up to 1000 never reach (French `many`) takes the last form.
let index = categories.iter().position(|c| *c == category).unwrap_or(categories.len().saturating_sub(1));
forms.split('|').nth(index)
})
.unwrap_or(if n == 1 { one } else { other });
let text = fmt(text, &[("n", &n.to_string())]);
if lang == Lang::PSEUDO {
return marked(&text);
}
text
}
/// The languages to offer: English first, then the offered locales by code. Never the
/// pseudo locale.
pub fn languages(&self) -> Vec<Lang> {
let mut embedded: Vec<usize> = (2..self.locales.len()).filter(|&i| self.locales.get(i).is_some_and(|l| l.offered)).collect();
embedded.sort_by_key(|&i| self.locales.get(i).map(|l| l.code.as_str()));
std::iter::once(Lang::EN).chain(embedded.into_iter().map(Lang)).collect()
}
/// The language's name in itself, for a language picker: its shared catalog's
/// `@id language.name` row, or the code when there is none.
pub fn name(&self, lang: Lang) -> &str {
if lang == Lang::EN {
return "English";
}
self.locale(lang).and_then(|l| l.rows.get("@id")?.get("language.name")).map_or_else(|| self.code(lang), String::as_str)
}
/// Whether the language is written right to left. Putting text into display order is the
/// app's job.
pub fn rtl(&self, lang: Lang) -> bool {
let code = self.code(lang);
let language = code.split('-').next().unwrap_or(code);
matches!(language, "ar" | "ckb" | "dv" | "fa" | "he" | "ps" | "sd" | "ug" | "ur" | "yi")
}
/// The language for a system locale tag (`fr_CA.UTF-8`, `zh-Hant-MO`); `C` and `POSIX` are
/// English. `None` when no embedded language fits.
pub fn match_tag(&self, tag: &str) -> Option<Lang> {
let candidates = candidates(tag);
if matches!(candidates.first().map(String::as_str), Some("c" | "posix")) {
return Some(Lang::EN);
}
candidates.iter().filter(|c| *c != "pseudo").find_map(|c| self.from_code(c))
}
/// The first of `tags` (most preferred first) that [`I18n::match_tag`] knows; English if none.
pub fn match_tags<'t>(&self, tags: impl IntoIterator<Item = &'t str>) -> Lang {
tags.into_iter().find_map(|t| self.match_tag(t)).unwrap_or(Lang::EN)
}
/// The language the system asks for (`LANG` and friends, the macOS and Windows preferred
/// languages, the browser's on the web); English if none fits. Read once, then cached.
pub fn system_lang(&self) -> Lang {
*self.system.get_or_init(|| {
// sys-locale drops glibc's script modifier (`sr_RS@latin` → `sr-RS`), so read its variables raw.
#[cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "android"))))]
let tags = posix_env_tags(|k| std::env::var(k).ok());
#[cfg(not(all(unix, not(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "android")))))]
let tags: Vec<String> = sys_locale::get_locales().collect();
self.match_tags(tags.iter().map(String::as_str))
})
}
/// Every source text looked up in the pseudo locale so far, for an audit to check against a
/// complete catalog. Plurals aren't recorded.
pub fn looked_up(&self) -> BTreeSet<String> {
self.pseudo.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner).keys().cloned().collect()
}
/// `source` marked for the pseudo locale, made once per string.
fn mark(&self, source: &str) -> &'static str {
let mut cache = self.pseudo.lock().unwrap_or_else(PoisonError::into_inner);
cache.entry(source.to_owned()).or_insert_with(|| Box::leak(marked(source).into_boxed_str()))
}
fn locale(&self, lang: Lang) -> Option<&Locale> {
self.locales.get(lang.0)
}
/// Along `lang`'s chain, locale by locale, the first of `keys` (context, source text) found.
fn find(&self, lang: Lang, keys: &[(&str, &str)]) -> Option<&str> {
let chain = self.locale(lang).map(|l| l.chain.as_slice())?;
chain.iter().find_map(|&i| {
let rows = &self.locales.get(i)?.rows;
keys.iter().find_map(|(context, source)| rows.get(*context)?.get(*source).map(String::as_str))
})
}
}
/// Fill `{name}` placeholders from `args` in one pass. Unknown placeholders stay as written, and
/// inserted values are never read as templates, so a file name containing `{n}` stays intact.
pub fn fmt(template: &str, args: &[(&str, &str)]) -> String {
let mut out = String::with_capacity(template.len());
let mut rest = template;
while let Some((before, after_open)) = rest.split_once('{') {
out.push_str(before);
let Some((name, after_close)) = after_open.split_once('}') else {
out.push('{');
rest = after_open;
break;
};
match args.iter().find(|(k, _)| *k == name) {
Some((_, value)) => out.push_str(value),
None => {
out.push('{');
out.push_str(name);
out.push('}');
}
}
rest = after_close;
}
out.push_str(rest);
out
}
/// Codes to try for a locale tag, most specific first: `zh_TW.UTF-8` → `zh-tw`, `zh-hant`, `zh`.
/// Chinese without a script picks one by region; Portuguese falls back to `pt-br` last, when
/// there is no `pt`. A glibc script modifier (`sr_RS@latin`) becomes the script subtag. With a
/// script (`sr-Latn-RS`), a code without one is tried only when that is its language's usual
/// script, so Latin Serbian never picks Cyrillic `sr`, while `sr-Cyrl-RS` does.
fn candidates(tag: &str) -> Vec<String> {
let tag = tag.trim().to_ascii_lowercase();
let base = tag.split(['.', '@']).next().unwrap_or("").replace('_', "-");
let mut parts: Vec<&str> = base.split('-').filter(|p| !p.is_empty()).collect();
let Some(&primary) = parts.first() else {
return Vec::new();
};
let modifier = match tag.split_once('@').map(|(_, m)| m) {
Some("latin") => Some("latn"),
Some("cyrillic") => Some("cyrl"),
_ => None,
};
if let Some(s) = modifier {
parts.insert(1, s);
}
let script = parts.get(1).copied().filter(|s| s.len() == 4 && s.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_alphabetic()));
let mut out: Vec<String> = (1..=parts.len()).rev().map(|n| parts.get(..n).unwrap_or_default().join("-")).collect();
if let Some(s) = script
&& usual_script(primary).is_some_and(|usual| usual != s)
{
out.retain(|c| c.split('-').any(|p| p == s));
}
if primary == "zh" && !parts.iter().any(|p| matches!(*p, "hans" | "hant")) {
let script = if parts.iter().any(|p| matches!(*p, "tw" | "hk" | "mo")) { "zh-hant" } else { "zh-hans" };
out.insert(out.len().saturating_sub(1), script.to_owned());
}
if primary == "pt" && !out.iter().any(|c| c == "pt-br") {
out.push("pt-br".to_owned());
}
out
}
/// The locale variables sys-locale reads on Unix, in its order (`LANGUAGE`'s `:` list, then
/// `LC_ALL`, `LC_MESSAGES`, `LANG`), but unconverted, so `@latin` survives.
#[cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "android"))))]
fn posix_env_tags(var: impl Fn(&str) -> Option<String>) -> Vec<String> {
let mut tags: Vec<String> = var("LANGUAGE").map(|v| v.split(':').map(str::to_owned).collect()).unwrap_or_default();
tags.extend(["LC_ALL", "LC_MESSAGES", "LANG"].into_iter().filter_map(&var));
tags.retain(|t| !t.is_empty());
tags
}
/// `⟦text⟧`, each line marked on its own, since multi-line labels are often drawn a line at a time.
fn marked(text: &str) -> String {
format!("⟦{}⟧", text.replace('\n', "⟧\n⟦"))
}
/// The script a code without one means, for languages written in more than one (CLDR likely
/// subtags). Any other language is taken to have one script.
// ponytail: the multi-script languages a Craft app could plausibly ship; add a row with the locale.
fn usual_script(language: &str) -> Option<&'static str> {
Some(match language {
"be" | "mn" | "sr" => "cyrl",
"zh" => "hans",
"az" | "bs" | "ha" | "uz" => "latn",
"ks" | "sd" => "arab",
"pa" => "guru",
_ => return None,
})
}
/// A BCP 47 region subtag: two letters or three digits.
fn is_region(subtag: &str) -> bool {
(subtag.len() == 2 && subtag.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_alphabetic())) || (subtag.len() == 3 && subtag.bytes().all(|b| b.is_ascii_digit()))
}
/// A locale with no catalogs (English, the pseudo locale).
fn bare(code: &str) -> Locale {
Locale { code: code.to_owned(), rows: HashMap::new(), chain: Vec::new(), plural: None, offered: false }
}
/// `code`'s CLDR cardinal rules and the categories whole numbers 0..=1000 reach, in CLDR order
/// (zero, one, two, few, many, other): one `@plural` form each. Regional and scripted codes fall
/// back to the language's rules. CLDR's `pt` is Brazilian (0 is singular), so Portuguese other
/// than `pt-br` takes `pt-PT`'s.
fn plural_rules(code: &str) -> Option<(PluralRules, Vec<PluralCategory>)> {
let code = if code == "pt" || (code.starts_with("pt-") && code != "pt-br") { "pt-pt" } else { code };
let id: LanguageIdentifier = code.parse().ok()?;
let language = LanguageIdentifier::from_parts(id.language, None, None, &[]);
let rules = PluralRules::create(id, PluralRuleType::CARDINAL).or_else(|_| PluralRules::create(language, PluralRuleType::CARDINAL)).ok()?;
let mut categories = Vec::new();
for n in 0..=1000_u32 {
let c = rules.select(n).ok()?;
if !categories.contains(&c) {
categories.push(c);
}
}
categories.sort_by_key(rank);
Some((rules, categories))
}
fn rank(c: &PluralCategory) -> u8 {
match c {
PluralCategory::ZERO => 0,
PluralCategory::ONE => 1,
PluralCategory::TWO => 2,
PluralCategory::FEW => 3,
PluralCategory::MANY => 4,
PluralCategory::OTHER => 5,
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
static E: &Embedded = &[
("fr", "\tSave\tEnregistrer\n\tOpen\tOuvrir\nmenu\tOpen\tOuvrir le menu\n@id\tfile.save\tEnregistrer le fichier\n", "\tSave\tSauvegarder\n"),
("pt", "\tSave\tGuardar\n\tUndo\tDesfazer\n", ""),
("pt-br", "\tSave\tSalvar\n", ""),
("de", "\tBad\n@nope\tA\tB\n\tUndo\tRückgängig\n", ""),
];
/// `embedded`, offering every locale in it.
fn all(embedded: &'static Embedded) -> (I18n, Vec<String>) {
let codes: Vec<&str> = embedded.iter().map(|(c, _, _)| *c).collect();
I18n::new(embedded, &codes)
}
fn i18n() -> I18n {
all(E).0
}
fn lang(i: &I18n, code: &str) -> Lang {
i.from_code(code).unwrap()
}
#[test]
fn app_row_overrides_shared() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "fr"), "Save"), "Sauvegarder");
}
#[test]
fn shared_row_when_no_override() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "fr"), "Open"), "Ouvrir");
}
#[test]
fn region_falls_back_to_base() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "pt-br"), "Undo"), "Desfazer");
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "pt-br"), "Save"), "Salvar");
}
#[test]
fn missing_is_english() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "fr"), "Close"), "Close");
assert_eq!(i.t(Lang::EN, "Save"), "Save");
}
#[test]
fn context_then_plain() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.tc(lang(&i, "fr"), "menu", "Open"), "Ouvrir le menu");
assert_eq!(i.tc(lang(&i, "fr"), "menu", "Save"), "Sauvegarder");
}
#[test]
fn id_then_label() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.tid(lang(&i, "fr"), "file.save", "Save"), "Enregistrer le fichier");
assert_eq!(i.tid(lang(&i, "fr"), "file.nope", "Open"), "Ouvrir");
}
#[test]
fn bad_rows_skipped_and_reported() {
let (i, problems) = all(E);
assert_eq!(problems.len(), 2, "{problems:?}");
assert!(problems[0].starts_with("de/common: line 1:"), "{problems:?}");
assert!(problems[1].starts_with("de/common: line 2:"), "{problems:?}");
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "de"), "Undo"), "Rückgängig");
}
#[test]
fn from_code_is_case_insensitive() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.from_code("PT-BR"), i.from_code("pt-br"));
assert_eq!(i.from_code("xx"), None);
assert_eq!(i.from_code("en"), Some(Lang::EN));
assert_eq!(i.code(Lang::EN), "en");
}
static P: &Embedded = &[
("fr", "@plural\t{n} page|{n} pages\t{n} page|{n} pages\n", ""),
("ru", "@plural\t{n} file|{n} files\t{n} файл|{n} файла|{n} файлов\n", ""),
("ja", "@plural\t{n} file|{n} files\t{n} 個\n", ""),
];
#[test]
fn fmt_fills_once() {
assert_eq!(fmt("{a} to {b}", &[("a", "x"), ("b", "{a}")]), "x to {a}");
assert_eq!(fmt("{z} {", &[]), "{z} {");
}
#[test]
fn one_other() {
let (i, problems) = all(P);
assert!(problems.is_empty(), "{problems:?}");
let fr = lang(&i, "fr");
assert_eq!(i.trn(fr, 0, "{n} page", "{n} pages"), "0 page");
assert_eq!(i.trn(fr, 2, "{n} page", "{n} pages"), "2 pages");
}
#[test]
fn three_forms_ru() {
let i = all(P).0;
let ru = lang(&i, "ru");
for (n, want) in [(1, "1 файл"), (3, "3 файла"), (5, "5 файлов"), (11, "11 файлов"), (21, "21 файл")] {
assert_eq!(i.trn(ru, n, "{n} file", "{n} files"), want);
}
}
#[test]
fn one_form_ja() {
let i = all(P).0;
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "ja"), 7, "{n} file", "{n} files"), "7 個");
}
#[test]
fn english_fallback() {
let i = all(P).0;
assert_eq!(i.trn(Lang::EN, 1, "{n} file", "{n} files"), "1 file");
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "fr"), 2, "{n} x", "{n} xs"), "2 xs");
}
#[test]
fn beyond_sweep() {
let i = all(P).0;
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "fr"), 1_000_000, "{n} page", "{n} pages"), "1000000 pages");
}
static L: &Embedded =
&[("fr", "@id\tlanguage.name\tFrançais\n", ""), ("pt-br", "", ""), ("zh-hans", "", ""), ("zh-hant", "", ""), ("ar", "", "")];
#[test]
fn languages_order() {
let i = all(L).0;
let codes: Vec<&str> = i.languages().into_iter().map(|l| i.code(l)).collect();
assert_eq!(codes, ["en", "ar", "fr", "pt-br", "zh-hans", "zh-hant"]);
}
#[test]
fn names() {
let i = all(L).0;
assert_eq!(i.name(Lang::EN), "English");
assert_eq!(i.name(lang(&i, "fr")), "Français");
assert_eq!(i.name(lang(&i, "ar")), "ar");
}
#[test]
fn rtl() {
let i = all(L).0;
assert!(i.rtl(lang(&i, "ar")));
assert!(!i.rtl(lang(&i, "fr")));
assert!(!i.rtl(Lang::EN));
}
#[test]
fn tags() {
let i = all(L).0;
for (tag, want) in [
("fr_CA.UTF-8", Some("fr")),
("pt-PT", Some("pt-br")),
("pt_BR", Some("pt-br")),
("zh_TW.UTF-8", Some("zh-hant")),
("zh-HK", Some("zh-hant")),
("zh", Some("zh-hans")),
("zh-Hant-MO", Some("zh-hant")),
("zh_CN", Some("zh-hans")),
("C", Some("en")),
("POSIX", Some("en")),
("en_US", Some("en")),
("ja_JP", None),
("", None),
("@@", None),
] {
assert_eq!(i.match_tag(tag).map(|l| i.code(l)), want, "{tag}");
}
}
#[test]
fn match_tags_takes_first_match() {
let i = all(L).0;
assert_eq!(i.match_tags(["ja_JP", "fr_FR"]), lang(&i, "fr"));
assert_eq!(i.match_tags(["ja"]), Lang::EN);
assert_eq!(i.match_tags([]), Lang::EN);
}
#[test]
fn pseudo_marks_every_lookup() {
let i = i18n();
assert_eq!(i.t(Lang::PSEUDO, "Save"), "⟦Save⟧");
assert_eq!(i.t(Lang::PSEUDO, "A\nB"), "⟦A⟧\n⟦B⟧");
assert_eq!(i.tc(Lang::PSEUDO, "menu", "Open"), "⟦Open⟧");
assert_eq!(i.tid(Lang::PSEUDO, "file.save", "Save"), "⟦Save⟧");
assert_eq!(i.trn(Lang::PSEUDO, 2, "{n} x", "{n} xs"), "⟦2 xs⟧");
assert!(!i.languages().contains(&Lang::PSEUDO));
assert_eq!(i.from_code("pseudo"), cfg!(debug_assertions).then_some(Lang::PSEUDO));
assert_eq!(i.get(Lang::PSEUDO, "key", "Esc"), Some("⟦Esc⟧"));
assert_eq!(i.looked_up().into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), ["A\nB", "Esc", "Open", "Save"]);
}
static F: &Embedded = &[
("pt", "", ""),
("pt-br", "", ""),
("sr", "\tSave\tСачувај\n", ""),
("sr-latn", "", ""),
("fr", "\tDelete\tSupprimer\nkey\tEsc\tÉchap\n", ""),
];
#[test]
fn european_portuguese_prefers_pt() {
let i = all(F).0;
for tag in ["pt", "pt-PT", "pt_PT.UTF-8"] {
assert_eq!(i.match_tag(tag).map(|l| i.code(l)), Some("pt"), "{tag}");
}
assert_eq!(i.match_tag("pt_BR").map(|l| i.code(l)), Some("pt-br"));
}
#[test]
fn script_locale_does_not_fall_back_across_scripts() {
let i = all(F).0;
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "sr-latn"), "Save"), "Save");
}
#[test]
fn glibc_script_modifier_picks_the_script() {
let i = all(F).0;
for (tag, want) in [("sr_RS.UTF-8@latin", Some("sr-latn")), ("sr_RS@latin", Some("sr-latn")), ("sr_RS.UTF-8", Some("sr"))] {
assert_eq!(i.match_tag(tag).map(|l| i.code(l)), want, "{tag}");
}
let cyrillic_only = all(&[("sr", "", "")]).0;
assert_eq!(cyrillic_only.match_tag("sr_RS@latin"), None);
}
#[cfg(all(unix, not(any(target_vendor = "apple", target_os = "android"))))]
#[test]
fn posix_env_keeps_the_modifier() {
let env = |vars: &'static [(&'static str, &'static str)]| move |k: &str| vars.iter().find(|(n, _)| *n == k).map(|(_, v)| (*v).to_owned());
assert_eq!(posix_env_tags(env(&[("LANG", "sr_RS.UTF-8@latin")])), ["sr_RS.UTF-8@latin"]);
assert_eq!(posix_env_tags(env(&[("LANGUAGE", "fr:de"), ("LC_ALL", ""), ("LANG", "sr_RS@latin")])), ["fr", "de", "sr_RS@latin"]);
let i = all(F).0;
assert_eq!(i.code(i.match_tags(posix_env_tags(env(&[("LANG", "sr_RS.UTF-8@latin")])).iter().map(String::as_str))), "sr-latn");
}
#[test]
fn get_has_no_plain_fallback() {
let i = all(F).0;
let fr = lang(&i, "fr");
assert_eq!(i.get(fr, "key", "Esc"), Some("Échap"));
assert_eq!(i.get(fr, "key", "Delete"), None);
assert_eq!(i.get(fr, "", "Delete"), Some("Supprimer"));
assert_eq!(i.get(Lang::EN, "", "Delete"), None);
}
static C: &Embedded = &[("pt", "menu\tOpen\tAbrir menu\n@id\tfile.open\tAbrir ficheiro\n", ""), ("pt-br", "\tOpen\tAbrir\n", "")];
#[test]
fn locale_before_context() {
let i = all(C).0;
let br = lang(&i, "pt-br");
assert_eq!(i.tc(br, "menu", "Open"), "Abrir");
assert_eq!(i.tid(br, "file.open", "Open"), "Abrir");
assert_eq!(i.tc(lang(&i, "pt"), "menu", "Open"), "Abrir menu");
}
static PT: &Embedded = &[
("pt", "@plural\t{n} file|{n} files\t{n} ficheiro|{n} ficheiros\n", ""),
("pt-br", "@plural\t{n} file|{n} files\t{n} arquivo|{n} arquivos\n", ""),
];
#[test]
fn european_portuguese_zero_is_plural() {
let i = all(PT).0;
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "pt"), 0, "{n} file", "{n} files"), "0 ficheiros");
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "pt"), 1, "{n} file", "{n} files"), "1 ficheiro");
assert_eq!(i.trn(lang(&i, "pt-br"), 0, "{n} file", "{n} files"), "0 arquivo");
}
/// The same counts as craft-i18n's checker (`plural_form_counts`), which rejects a catalog
/// whose `@plural` rows list any other.
#[test]
fn plural_form_counts() {
for (locale, n) in
[("en", 2), ("fr", 2), ("ja", 1), ("vi", 1), ("ru", 3), ("pl", 3), ("cs", 3), ("sl", 4), ("ar", 6), ("pt", 2), ("pt-br", 2), ("tr", 2)]
{
assert_eq!(plural_rules(locale).map(|(_, c)| c.len()), Some(n), "{locale}");
}
}
#[test]
fn script_subtag_never_picks_another_script() {
let i = all(&[("sr", "", ""), ("zh-hant", "", ""), ("fr", "", ""), ("be", "", "")]).0;
for (tag, want) in [
("sr-Latn-RS", None),
("sr-Cyrl-RS", Some("sr")),
("zh-Hant-TW", Some("zh-hant")),
("zh-Hans", None),
("fr-Latn-FR", Some("fr")),
("be_BY@latin", None),
("be_BY", Some("be")),
] {
assert_eq!(i.match_tag(tag).map(|l| i.code(l)), want, "{tag}");
}
}
#[test]
fn duplicate_row_keeps_the_first() {
let (i, problems) = all(&[("fr", "\tSave\tEnregistrer\n\tSave\tSauver\n", "")]);
assert_eq!(problems, ["fr/common: line 2: defined twice (same context and source text); the first is kept"]);
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "fr"), "Save"), "Enregistrer");
}
#[test]
fn reserved_and_repeated_codes_are_skipped() {
let (i, problems) = all(&[("en", "\tSave\tX\n", ""), ("pseudo", "", ""), ("fr", "\tSave\tEnregistrer\n", ""), ("FR", "\tSave\tY\n", "")]);
assert_eq!(problems.len(), 3, "{problems:?}");
assert_eq!(i.t(Lang::EN, "Save"), "Save");
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "fr"), "Save"), "Enregistrer");
assert_eq!(i.languages().len(), 2);
}
#[test]
fn only_offered_locales_are_offered() {
let (i, _) = I18n::new(&[("ar", "\tSave\tحفظ\n", ""), ("pt", "\tUndo\tDesfazer\n", ""), ("pt-br", "", "")], &["PT-BR"]);
let codes: Vec<&str> = i.languages().into_iter().map(|l| i.code(l)).collect();
assert_eq!(codes, ["en", "pt-br"]);
assert_eq!(i.from_code("ar"), None);
assert_eq!(i.match_tag("ar_EG"), None);
assert_eq!(i.match_tag("pt_PT"), i.from_code("pt-br"));
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "pt-br"), "Undo"), "Desfazer");
}
#[test]
fn region_after_script_falls_back() {
let i = all(&[("zh-hant", "\tSave\t儲存\n", ""), ("zh-hant-hk", "", "")]).0;
assert_eq!(i.t(lang(&i, "zh-hant-hk"), "Save"), "儲存");
}
#[test]
fn more_right_to_left() {
let i = all(&[("ps", "", ""), ("ckb", "", ""), ("yi", "", ""), ("ug", "", "")]).0;
assert!(i.languages().into_iter().skip(1).all(|l| i.rtl(l)));
}
/// Prints what this machine reports, so CI logs show `system_lang` on each platform.
#[test]
fn system_lang_reads_the_system() {
let i = all(&[("fr", "", ""), ("de", "", ""), ("pt-br", "", ""), ("sr-latn", "", "")]).0;
let first = i.system_lang();
println!("sys-locale: {:?}; system_lang: {}", sys_locale::get_locales().collect::<Vec<_>>(), i.code(first));
assert_eq!(i.system_lang(), first);
}
}