diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds.rs
index 41078987cd..d479606938 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ mod steps_doc;
 mod steps_gallery;
 mod steps_image;
 mod steps_layer;
+mod steps_layer_style;
 mod steps_make;
 
 mod steps_stylize;
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/events.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/events.rs
index 97c64e953f..b611026809 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/events.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/events.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ use super::steps_layer::{
     move_from, move_to, paste_effects_from, paste_effects_to, play_from, play_to, rotate_from, rotate_to, select_from, select_to, stroke_to, visibility_from,
     visibility_to,
 };
+use super::steps_layer_style::{scale_from, style_to};
 use super::steps_make::{locking_from, locking_to, make_from, make_to, set_from, set_to};
 use super::steps_other::{DE_INTERLACE, HSB_HSL, bare_from, bare_to, custom_from, custom_to, enums_from, enums_to};
 use super::tables::{NOISE, OFFSET_FILL, SMART_BLUR_MODE, SMART_BLUR_QUALITY, TRIM};
@@ -764,6 +765,7 @@ pub(super) const EVENTS: &[Event] = &[
     },
     Event { code: "Dplc", name: "duplicate", label: "Duplicate", ids: &["layer.duplicate", "image.duplicate"], from: duplicate_from, to: duplicate_to },
     // Layers.
+    Event { code: "", name: "scaleEffectsEvent", label: "Scale Effects", ids: &["layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects"], from: scale_from, to: style_to },
     target_event!("reverse", "Reverse", "layer.arrange.reverse"),
     target_event!("selectLinkedLayers", "Select Linked Layers", "layer.selectLinkedLayers"),
     target_event!("disableLayerStyle", "Clear Layer Style", "layer.layerStyle.clear"),
@@ -798,6 +800,7 @@ pub(super) const EVENTS: &[Event] = &[
         ids: &[
             "type.convertToShape",
             "layer.new.layer",
+            "layer.layerStyle.createLayer",
             "layer.new.group",
             "layer.groupLayers",
             "layer.duplicate",
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_layer_style.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_layer_style.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b85127cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_layer_style.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+//! The measured Scale Effects event and Make-from-layer-effects form.
+use super::descriptors::{PCT, class, class_ref, desc, get_ref, jstr, pct, ref_class};
+use super::fields::{Mapped, step};
+use super::{D, Descriptor, Id, ReferenceItem, Value, json};
+
+const SCALE: &str = "layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects";
+pub(super) const CREATE: &str = "layer.layerStyle.createLayer";
+const SOURCE: &str = "_atnLayerStyleDescriptor";
+
+/// Only documented keys, once each: unknown or repeated settings cannot be discarded.
+fn keys(d: &Descriptor, expected: &[&str]) -> bool {
+    d.items.len() == expected.len() && expected.iter().all(|key| d.items.iter().filter(|(k, _)| k.is(key)).count() == 1)
+}
+
+/// The dialog records whole percentages; native fractional/clamped values are not guessed.
+fn whole_percent(value: f64) -> bool {
+    value.is_finite() && (1.0..=1000.0).contains(&value) && value.fract() == 0.0
+}
+
+/// The native Create Layers operation has only the measured implicit active-layer target.
+fn create_descriptor() -> Descriptor {
+    desc("null").with("null", class_ref("Lyr ")).with(
+        "Usng",
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Parse the exact recorded values and reference chain, keeping unsupported forms complete.
+fn parameters(id: &str, d: &Descriptor) -> Option<Value> {
+    if id == SCALE {
+        if !keys(d, &["Scl "]) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let D::UnitFloat { unit, value } = d.get("Scl ")? else { return None };
+        return (*unit == PCT && whole_percent(*value)).then(|| json!({"scale":value}));
+    }
+    if id != CREATE || !keys(d, &["null", "Usng"]) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    let [ReferenceItem::Class(layer)] = get_ref(d, "null")? else { return None };
+    let [ReferenceItem::Property { class: property, key }, ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: target, type_id, value }] = get_ref(d, "Usng")? else {
+        return None;
+    };
+    (layer.class_id.is("Lyr ") && property.class_id.is("Prpr") && key.is("Lefx") && target.class_id.is("Lyr ") && type_id.is("Ordn") && value.is("Trgt"))
+        .then(|| json!({}))
+}
+
+/// Build supported native values explicitly; an absent scale uses the native default of 100.
+fn descriptor(id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Descriptor> {
+    let object = p.as_object()?;
+    if object.keys().any(|key| key != SOURCE && !(id == SCALE && key == "scale")) {
+        return None;
+    }
+    match id {
+        SCALE => {
+            let value = match p.get("scale") {
+                None => 100.0,
+                Some(v) => v.as_f64()?,
+            };
+            whole_percent(value).then(|| desc("null").with("Scl ", pct(value)))
+        }
+        CREATE => Some(create_descriptor()),
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Preserve wire identity/order while unchanged, without making it a native option.
+fn from(id: &str, d: &Descriptor) -> Mapped {
+    let Some(mut p) = parameters(id, d) else { return Mapped::Unsupported { harmless: false } };
+    if descriptor(id, &p).as_ref() != Some(d) {
+        p[SOURCE] = photocraft_paint::tile::b64_encode(&d.to_bytes()).into();
+    }
+    step(id, p)
+}
+
+/// Import Scale Effects only when the whole recorded percentage is represented.
+pub(super) fn scale_from(d: &Descriptor) -> Mapped {
+    from(SCALE, d)
+}
+
+/// Find typed effects references in parsed values; opaque data and class names are not references.
+fn has_style_reference(value: &D) -> bool {
+    let mut pending = vec![value];
+    while let Some(value) = pending.pop() {
+        match value {
+            D::Reference(parts) => {
+                if parts.iter().any(|part| matches!(part, ReferenceItem::Property { key, .. } if key.is("Lefx"))) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            D::Descriptor(d) | D::GlobalObject(d) => pending.extend(d.items.iter().map(|(_, value)| value)),
+            D::List(values) => pending.extend(values),
+            D::ObjectArray(array) => pending.extend(array.body.items.iter().map(|(_, value)| value)),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    false
+}
+
+/// Intercept layer-style Make intent before generic Make can turn it into a blank layer.
+pub(super) fn create_from_descriptor(d: &Descriptor) -> Option<Mapped> {
+    let layer_make = get_ref(d, "null").and_then(ref_class).as_deref() == Some("Lyr");
+    let style_intent = d.items.iter().any(|(item_key, value)| {
+        // Deep inspection belongs to Layer Make; other Make classes retain direct-reference handling.
+        let style_reference = (layer_make || matches!(value, D::Reference(_))) && has_style_reference(value);
+        if item_key.is("Usng") {
+            // A layer Make may omit Usng, or use the ordinary layer-options object. Other
+            // shapes must not be discarded as if they were an empty layer-options object.
+            style_reference || (layer_make && !matches!(value, D::Descriptor(u) if u.class_id.is("Lyr ")))
+        } else {
+            // A miskeyed effects reference is still style intent, not an ordinary blank layer.
+            layer_make && style_reference
+        }
+    });
+    style_intent.then(|| from(CREATE, d))
+}
+
+/// Validate preserved data before fallback; supported edits export their current canonical values.
+pub(super) fn style_to(id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Descriptor> {
+    let canonical = descriptor(id, p)?;
+    if p.get(SOURCE).is_none() {
+        return Some(canonical);
+    }
+    let source = Descriptor::from_bytes(&photocraft_paint::tile::b64_decode(jstr(p, SOURCE)?)?).ok()?;
+    let original = descriptor(id, &parameters(id, &source)?)?;
+    Some(if original == canonical { source } else { canonical })
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_make.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_make.rs
index 9ce3bbb8f7..b45ceddabf 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_make.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/steps_make.rs
@@ -179,6 +179,9 @@ fn type_shape_descriptor() -> Descriptor {
 /// Import Make events only when their geometry and options can be represented faithfully,
 /// including the exact target-text-to-content-layer references.
 pub(super) fn make_from(d: &Descriptor) -> Mapped {
+    if let Some(mapped) = super::steps_layer_style::create_from_descriptor(d) {
+        return mapped;
+    }
     if d.items == type_shape_descriptor().items {
         return none("type.convertToShape");
     }
@@ -311,6 +314,9 @@ fn recorded_percent(opacity: f64) -> f64 {
 /// Write a creation step, refusing native options the target descriptor cannot carry; Type to
 /// Shape exports only without native options.
 pub(super) fn make_to(id: &str, p: &Value) -> Option<Descriptor> {
+    if id == super::steps_layer_style::CREATE {
+        return super::steps_layer_style::style_to(id, p);
+    }
     if id == "type.convertToShape" {
         return p.as_object().filter(|p| p.is_empty()).map(|_| type_shape_descriptor());
     }
diff --git a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/tests.rs b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/tests.rs
index 9fc345f924..2b32e02220 100644
--- a/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/src/cmd/atn_cmds/tests.rs
@@ -755,6 +755,8 @@ fn every_mapped_command_exports_and_imports_back() {
         ("layer.createClippingMask", json!({})),
         ("layer.ungroupLayers", json!({})),
         ("layer.layerStyle.copyLayerStyle", json!({})),
+        ("layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects", json!({"scale": 200})),
+        ("layer.layerStyle.createLayer", json!({})),
         ("layer.layerStyle.pasteLayerStyle", json!({"allowGroups": true})),
         ("layer.setExpanded", json!({"all": true, "expanded": false})),
         ("layerComp.apply", json!({"comp": "Original"})),
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_layer_style.rs b/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_layer_style.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38db75621e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/it/atn_layer_style.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+//! Measured layer-style action steps retain their settings and use the existing native commands.
+use photocraft_doc::{Document, Effect, LayerId};
+use photocraft_engine::{
+    Session,
+    actions_cmds::Action,
+    atn_cmds::{export, import},
+};
+use photocraft_psd::{
+    atn::{self, AtnAction, AtnEvent, AtnFile, AtnItem},
+    descriptor::{Class, Descriptor, Id, MAX_DEPTH, ObjectArray, ReferenceItem, UnicodeString, Value as D},
+};
+use serde_json::{Value, json};
+
+const SCALE: &str = "layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects";
+const CREATE: &str = "layer.layerStyle.createLayer";
+
+fn class(id: &str) -> Class {
+    Class { name: UnicodeString::default(), class_id: Id::new(id) }
+}
+
+fn scale(value: f64) -> Descriptor {
+    Descriptor::new("null").with("Scl ", D::UnitFloat { unit: *b"#Prc", value })
+}
+
+fn create() -> Descriptor {
+    Descriptor::new("null").with("null", D::Reference(vec![ReferenceItem::Class(class("Lyr "))])).with(
+        "Usng",
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+    )
+}
+
+fn item(id: &str, descriptor: Descriptor) -> AtnItem {
+    let (event, name) = if id == SCALE { (AtnEvent::name("scaleEffectsEvent"), "Scale Effects") } else { (AtnEvent::Code(*b"Mk  "), "Make") };
+    AtnItem { event, dictionary: name.as_bytes().to_vec(), descriptor: Some(descriptor), ..Default::default() }
+}
+
+fn file(items: Vec<AtnItem>) -> AtnFile {
+    AtnFile {
+        name: UnicodeString::new_nul("S"),
+        actions: vec![AtnAction { name: UnicodeString::new_nul("A"), items, ..Default::default() }],
+        ..Default::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn action(items: Vec<AtnItem>) -> Action {
+    let loaded = import(&atn::write(&file(items)).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    assert!(loaded.unsupported.is_empty());
+    loaded.actions.into_iter().next().unwrap()
+}
+
+fn exported(id: &str, params: Value) -> Option<AtnItem> {
+    let a = Action::new("A", vec![(id.into(), params)]);
+    let bytes = export("S", &[&a], &[], false).ok()?.0;
+    atn::parse(&bytes).ok()?.actions.into_iter().next()?.items.into_iter().next()
+}
+
+/// Wire bytes also compare preserved NaN payloads, whose floating values are not reflexively equal.
+fn same_item_wire(mut actual: AtnItem, mut expected: AtnItem) {
+    assert_eq!(actual.descriptor.take().map(|d| d.to_bytes()), expected.descriptor.take().map(|d| d.to_bytes()));
+    assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+}
+
+/// The direct control must actually scale the known one-pixel shadow, not merely accept the call.
+fn scaled_shadow(s: &Session, source: LayerId, percent: f64) {
+    let shadow = s
+        .active()
+        .unwrap()
+        .doc
+        .layer(source)
+        .unwrap()
+        .effects
+        .items
+        .iter()
+        .find_map(|effect| match effect {
+            Effect::DropShadow(shadow) => Some(shadow),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    let factor = percent as f32 / 100.0;
+    assert_eq!((shadow.distance, shadow.size), (factor, factor));
+}
+
+/// A small painted source with two effects makes a real conversion differ from a blank layer.
+fn fixture(depth: u32) -> (Session, LayerId) {
+    let mut s = Session::new();
+    s.execute("file.new", json!({"width":8,"height":8,"depth":depth,"background":"transparent"})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.new.layer", json!({"name":"Source"})).unwrap();
+    let source = s.active().unwrap().active_layer.unwrap();
+    s.edit("Synthetic pixels", |doc, _| {
+        let pixels: Vec<f32> =
+            (0..8).flat_map(|y| (0..8).flat_map(move |x| if (2..6).contains(&x) && (2..6).contains(&y) { [0.2, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0] } else { [0.0; 4] })).collect();
+        let bounds = doc.bounds();
+        doc.layer_mut(source).unwrap().surface_mut().unwrap().write_region(bounds, &pixels);
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.layerStyle.dropShadow", json!({"blend":"normal","distance":1,"size":1,"opacity":60})).unwrap();
+    s.execute("layer.layerStyle.colorOverlay", json!({"color":"#ff8000","opacity":50,"add":true})).unwrap();
+    (s, source)
+}
+
+/// Compare each complete raster and its style/stack state without assuming cross-session IDs.
+fn equivalent(actual: &Session, expected: &Session) {
+    let a = &actual.active().unwrap().doc;
+    let b = &expected.active().unwrap().doc;
+    assert_eq!(a.layers.len(), b.layers.len());
+    assert_eq!(a.selection, b.selection);
+    for (a, b) in a.layers.iter().zip(&b.layers) {
+        assert_eq!((&a.name, a.clipped, a.blend, a.opacity), (&b.name, b.clipped, b.blend, b.opacity));
+        assert_eq!(a.effects, b.effects);
+        let (a, b) = (a.surface().unwrap(), b.surface().unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(a.content_bounds(), b.content_bounds());
+        let bounds = a.content_bounds().union(&b.content_bounds());
+        assert_eq!(a.read_region(bounds), b.read_region(bounds));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Undo exactly the native control's history edits, then redo the complete document state.
+fn undo_redo(s: &mut Session, before: &Document, after: &Document, edits: usize) {
+    for _ in 0..edits {
+        assert!(s.undo());
+    }
+    assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().doc.as_ref(), before);
+    for _ in 0..edits {
+        assert!(s.redo());
+    }
+    assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().doc.as_ref(), after);
+}
+
+/// Playback must produce actual effect layers, not the blank layer the old Make branch creates.
+#[test]
+fn create_layers_playback_matches_native_effect_layers_and_undo_at_each_depth() {
+    for depth in [8, 16, 32] {
+        let (mut native, native_source) = fixture(depth);
+        let native_before = native.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        native.execute(CREATE, json!({})).unwrap();
+        let native_after = native.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        assert_eq!(native_after.layers.len(), native_before.layers.len() + 2);
+        assert!(native_after.layer(native_source).unwrap().effects.items.is_empty());
+        undo_redo(&mut native, &native_before, &native_after, 1);
+
+        let (mut recorded, source) = fixture(depth);
+        let before = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        let past = recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        recorded.actions.list.push(action(vec![item(CREATE, create())]));
+        let result = recorded.execute("actions.play", json!({"action":0})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result["ran"], 1);
+        assert!(result.get("failed").is_none(), "{depth}: {result}");
+        let after = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        assert_eq!(after.layers.len(), before.layers.len() + 2, "{depth}: Create Layers must split two effects, not create one blank layer");
+        assert!(after.layer(source).unwrap().effects.items.is_empty());
+        let at = after.layers.iter().position(|l| l.id == source).unwrap();
+        assert!(after.layers[at - 1].name.ends_with("Drop Shadow") && !after.layers[at - 1].clipped);
+        assert!(after.layers[at + 1].name.ends_with("Color Overlay") && after.layers[at + 1].clipped);
+        assert_eq!(recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past + 1);
+        equivalent(&recorded, &native);
+        undo_redo(&mut recorded, &before, &after, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/// The recorded whole-percent limits and interior values match native effect scaling at all depths.
+#[test]
+fn scale_effects_playback_matches_native_settings_and_undo_at_each_depth() {
+    for depth in [8, 16, 32] {
+        for percent in [1.0, 100.0, 200.0, 1000.0] {
+            let (mut native, native_source) = fixture(depth);
+            let native_past = native.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+            native.execute(SCALE, json!({"scale":percent})).unwrap();
+            scaled_shadow(&native, native_source, percent);
+            let edits = native.active().unwrap().history.past_len() - native_past;
+            let (mut recorded, _) = fixture(depth);
+            let before = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+            let past = recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+            recorded.actions.list.push(action(vec![item(SCALE, scale(percent))]));
+            let result = recorded.execute("actions.play", json!({"action":0})).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(result["ran"], 1);
+            assert!(result.get("failed").is_none(), "{depth}/{percent}: {result}");
+            let after = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+            assert_eq!(recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past + edits);
+            equivalent(&recorded, &native);
+            undo_redo(&mut recorded, &before, &after, edits);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Scaling then splitting keeps the same native result and two separately reversible edits.
+#[test]
+fn scale_then_create_layers_matches_native_sequence() {
+    let (mut native, _) = fixture(16);
+    native.execute(SCALE, json!({"scale":200})).unwrap();
+    native.execute(CREATE, json!({})).unwrap();
+    let (mut recorded, _) = fixture(16);
+    let before = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let past = recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+    recorded.actions.list.push(action(vec![item(SCALE, scale(200.0)), item(CREATE, create())]));
+    let result = recorded.execute("actions.play", json!({"action":0})).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(result["ran"], 2);
+    assert!(result.get("failed").is_none());
+    assert_eq!(recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past + 2);
+    let after = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    equivalent(&recorded, &native);
+    undo_redo(&mut recorded, &before, &after, 2);
+}
+
+/// Unedited wire identity/order/flags survive; a supported scale edit exports its new value.
+#[test]
+fn layer_style_descriptors_roundtrip_and_edited_scale_does_not_revive_source() {
+    for (id, mut d) in [(SCALE, scale(100.0)), (CREATE, create())] {
+        d.name = UnicodeString::new_nul("Recorded style step");
+        d.class_id = Id::Str(b"null".to_vec());
+        d.items.reverse();
+        let mut source = item(id, d);
+        source.enabled = false;
+        source.with_dialog = true;
+        source.dialog_options = 2;
+        let a = action(vec![source.clone()]);
+        assert_eq!(a.steps[0].0, id);
+        let bytes = export("S", &[&a], &[], false).unwrap().0;
+        let saved = atn::parse(&bytes).unwrap().actions.into_iter().next().unwrap().items;
+        assert_eq!(saved.len(), 1);
+        same_item_wire(saved.into_iter().next().unwrap(), source);
+        let mut damaged = a.steps[0].1.clone();
+        damaged["_atnLayerStyleDescriptor"] = json!("not base64");
+        assert!(exported(id, damaged).is_none());
+    }
+    let mut d = scale(100.0);
+    d.name = UnicodeString::new_nul("Original");
+    let mut a = action(vec![item(SCALE, d)]);
+    a.steps[0].1["scale"] = json!(200);
+    for skip in [false, true] {
+        let (bytes, skipped) = export("S", &[&a], &[], skip).unwrap();
+        assert!(skipped.is_empty());
+        assert_eq!(atn::parse(&bytes).unwrap().actions[0].items[0].descriptor, Some(scale(200.0)));
+    }
+}
+
+/// Native defaults are explicit; unrepresented targets, options and damaged metadata cannot vanish.
+#[test]
+fn layer_style_native_exports_are_strict_and_make_defaults_explicit() {
+    assert_eq!(exported(SCALE, json!({})).unwrap().descriptor, Some(scale(100.0)));
+    let mut canonical_create = create();
+    // The shared canonical class constructor writes nul-terminated display names;
+    // imported empty names remain separate wire data in the round-trip fixtures.
+    for (_, value) in &mut canonical_create.items {
+        let D::Reference(parts) = value else { panic!("fixture must contain references") };
+        for part in parts {
+            let class = match part {
+                ReferenceItem::Class(class) | ReferenceItem::Property { class, .. } | ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class, .. } => class,
+                _ => panic!("fixture must contain class/property/target references"),
+            };
+            class.name = UnicodeString::new_nul("");
+        }
+    }
+    assert_eq!(exported(CREATE, json!({})).unwrap().descriptor, Some(canonical_create));
+    for percent in [1, 100, 200, 1000] {
+        assert_eq!(exported(SCALE, json!({"scale":percent})).unwrap().descriptor, Some(scale(f64::from(percent))));
+    }
+    for value in [json!(0), json!(1001), json!(1.5), Value::Null, json!("100"), json!(true)] {
+        assert!(exported(SCALE, json!({"scale":value})).is_none());
+    }
+    for id in [SCALE, CREATE] {
+        for key in ["layer", "layers", "target", "unknown"] {
+            let mut p = json!({});
+            p[key] = json!(1);
+            assert!(exported(id, p).is_none(), "{id}/{key}");
+        }
+        let invalid = if id == SCALE { scale(100.0) } else { create() }.with("extra", D::Boolean(true));
+        let mut p = if id == SCALE { json!({"scale":200}) } else { json!({}) };
+        p["_atnLayerStyleDescriptor"] = json!(photocraft_paint::tile::b64_encode(&invalid.to_bytes()));
+        assert!(exported(id, p).is_none());
+    }
+    assert!(exported(CREATE, json!({"scale":100})).is_none());
+}
+
+/// Malformed style references remain whole and cannot fall through to ordinary blank-layer creation.
+#[test]
+fn layer_style_malformed_records_stay_kept_without_an_edit() {
+    let mut cases = vec![(SCALE, Descriptor::new("null")), (CREATE, Descriptor::new("null").with("Usng", create().items[1].1.clone()))];
+    for value in [D::Integer(100), D::Double(100.0), D::Boolean(true), D::UnitFloat { unit: *b"#Pxl", value: 100.0 }] {
+        cases.push((SCALE, Descriptor::new("null").with("Scl ", value)));
+    }
+    for value in [0.0, 1001.0, 1.5, f64::NAN, f64::INFINITY] {
+        cases.push((SCALE, scale(value)));
+    }
+    for (id, d) in [(SCALE, scale(100.0)), (CREATE, create())] {
+        cases.push((id, d.clone().with("extra", D::Boolean(true))));
+        let mut duplicate = d.clone();
+        duplicate.items.push(duplicate.items[0].clone());
+        cases.push((id, duplicate));
+    }
+    for null in [
+        D::Integer(1),
+        D::Reference(vec![ReferenceItem::Class(class("Chnl"))]),
+        D::Reference(vec![ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") }]),
+    ] {
+        let mut d = create();
+        d.items[0].1 = null;
+        cases.push((CREATE, d));
+    }
+    for using in [
+        D::Integer(1),
+        D::Boolean(false),
+        D::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("unknown")),
+        D::Reference(vec![]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("wrong") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("wrong"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Dcmn"), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Al  ") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("wrong"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Name { class: class("Lyr "), name: UnicodeString::new_nul("Source") },
+        ]),
+        D::Reference(vec![
+            ReferenceItem::Property { class: class("Prpr"), key: Id::new("Lefx") },
+            ReferenceItem::Enumerated { class: class("Lyr "), type_id: Id::new("Ordn"), value: Id::new("Trgt") },
+            ReferenceItem::Class(class("Lyr ")),
+        ]),
+    ] {
+        let mut d = create();
+        d.items[1].1 = using;
+        cases.push((CREATE, d));
+    }
+    for (id, d) in cases {
+        let source = item(id, d);
+        let loaded = import(&atn::write(&file(vec![source.clone()])).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(loaded.unsupported.len(), 1, "{id}: {source:?}");
+        assert_eq!(loaded.actions[0].steps[0].0, "actions.photoshopStep");
+        let bytes = export("S", &[&loaded.actions[0]], &[], false).unwrap().0;
+        let saved = atn::parse(&bytes).unwrap().actions.into_iter().next().unwrap().items;
+        assert_eq!(saved.len(), 1);
+        same_item_wire(saved.into_iter().next().unwrap(), source);
+        let (mut s, _) = fixture(8);
+        let before = s.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        let past = s.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        s.actions.list.extend(loaded.actions);
+        let result = s.execute("actions.play", json!({"action":0})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result["ran"], 0);
+        assert!(result.get("failed").is_some());
+        assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().doc, before);
+        assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past);
+    }
+}
+
+/// A miskeyed effects reference must be kept, rather than playing as an ordinary blank layer.
+#[test]
+fn miskeyed_effects_reference_stays_whole_without_a_blank_layer_edit() {
+    let mut d = create();
+    d.items[1].0 = Id::new("Usin");
+    let source = item(CREATE, d);
+    let loaded = import(&atn::write(&file(vec![source.clone()])).unwrap()).unwrap();
+    let (mut s, _) = fixture(8);
+    let before = s.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+    let past = s.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+    s.actions.list.extend(loaded.actions.clone());
+    let result = s.execute("actions.play", json!({"action": 0})).unwrap();
+    // Play before checking import classification: the old path actually creates a blank layer.
+    assert!(
+        s.active().unwrap().doc == before,
+        "miskeyed Lefx reference changed the document: layers {} -> {}, history {} -> {}",
+        before.layers.len(),
+        s.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len(),
+        past,
+        s.active().unwrap().history.past_len()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past);
+    assert_eq!(result["ran"], 0);
+    assert!(result.get("failed").is_some());
+    assert_eq!(loaded.unsupported.len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(loaded.actions[0].steps[0].0, "actions.photoshopStep");
+    let (bytes, skipped) = export("S", &[&loaded.actions[0]], &[], false).unwrap();
+    assert!(skipped.is_empty());
+    let saved = atn::parse(&bytes).unwrap().actions.into_iter().next().unwrap().items;
+    assert_eq!(saved.len(), 1);
+    same_item_wire(saved.into_iter().next().unwrap(), source);
+}
+
+/// A normal layer Make, including class-only Make, still creates a blank layer without splitting fx.
+#[test]
+fn ordinary_layer_make_remains_a_legitimate_control() {
+    for using in [None, Some(D::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("Lyr ").with("Nm  ", D::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Ordinary")))))] {
+        let mut d = Descriptor::new("null").with("null", D::Reference(vec![ReferenceItem::Class(class("Lyr "))]));
+        if let Some(u) = using {
+            d = d.with("Usng", u);
+        }
+        let a = action(vec![item(CREATE, d)]);
+        assert_eq!(a.steps[0].0, "layer.new.layer");
+        let (mut s, source) = fixture(8);
+        let before = s.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        s.actions.list.push(a);
+        let result = s.execute("actions.play", json!({"action":0})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result["ran"], 1);
+        assert!(result.get("failed").is_none());
+        let after = s.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        assert_eq!(after.layers.len(), before.layers.len() + 1);
+        assert_eq!(after.layer(source), before.layer(source));
+        undo_redo(&mut s, &before, &after, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Every typed container must retain nested effects intent without changing the document or history.
+#[test]
+fn nested_effects_references_stay_whole_without_a_blank_layer_edit() {
+    let reference = create().items.pop().unwrap().1;
+    let nested = Descriptor::new("Lyr ").with("Nm  ", D::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Before"))).with("data", reference.clone());
+    let mut deepest = reference.clone();
+    // Root descriptor depth0, Usng value depth1, options descriptor depth2, data value depth3.
+    for _ in 3..MAX_DEPTH {
+        deepest = D::List(vec![D::Boolean(false), deepest]);
+    }
+    let cases = [
+        ("reference", reference.clone()),
+        ("descriptor", D::Descriptor(nested.clone())),
+        ("global object", D::GlobalObject(nested.clone())),
+        ("list", D::List(vec![D::Boolean(false), reference])),
+        ("object array", D::ObjectArray(ObjectArray { prefix: 16, body: nested.clone() })),
+        (
+            "mixed containers",
+            D::List(vec![D::Boolean(false), D::GlobalObject(Descriptor::new("Lyr ").with("data", D::ObjectArray(ObjectArray { prefix: 16, body: nested })))]),
+        ),
+        ("parser depth limit", deepest),
+    ];
+    for (label, value) in cases {
+        for key in ["Usng", "Usin"] {
+            let d = Descriptor::new("null")
+                .with("null", D::Reference(vec![ReferenceItem::Class(class("Lyr "))]))
+                .with(key, D::Descriptor(Descriptor::new("Lyr ").with("Nm  ", D::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Ordinary"))).with("data", value.clone())));
+            let source = item(CREATE, d);
+            let loaded = import(&atn::write(&file(vec![source.clone()])).unwrap()).unwrap();
+            let (mut s, _) = fixture(8);
+            let before = s.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+            let past = s.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+            s.actions.list.extend(loaded.actions.clone());
+            let result = s.execute("actions.play", json!({"action": 0})).unwrap();
+            // Playback precedes classification so the baseline exposes the actual blank-layer edit.
+            assert!(
+                s.active().unwrap().doc == before,
+                "{label}/{key}: nested Lefx changed the document: layers {} -> {}, history {} -> {}",
+                before.layers.len(),
+                s.active().unwrap().doc.layers.len(),
+                past,
+                s.active().unwrap().history.past_len()
+            );
+            assert_eq!(s.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past, "{label}/{key}");
+            assert_eq!(result["ran"], 0, "{label}/{key}");
+            assert!(result.get("failed").is_some(), "{label}/{key}");
+            assert_eq!(loaded.unsupported.len(), 1, "{label}/{key}");
+            assert_eq!(loaded.actions[0].steps[0].0, "actions.photoshopStep", "{label}/{key}");
+            let (bytes, skipped) = export("S", &[&loaded.actions[0]], &[], false).unwrap();
+            assert!(skipped.is_empty(), "{label}/{key}");
+            let saved = atn::parse(&bytes).unwrap().actions.into_iter().next().unwrap().items;
+            assert_eq!(saved.len(), 1, "{label}/{key}");
+            same_item_wire(saved.into_iter().next().unwrap(), source);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Native layer options still play with Lefx as a name or in synthetic opaque metadata.
+#[test]
+fn ordinary_layer_make_native_export_matches_native_playback() {
+    let params = json!({"name": "Lefx", "opacity": 0.375, "mode": "Multiply", "clipToPrevious": true});
+    let opaque = D::List(vec![D::RawData(create().to_bytes()), D::Alias(b"Lefx".to_vec()), D::Path(b"Lefx".to_vec()), D::Text(UnicodeString::new_nul("Lefx"))]);
+    for metadata in [None, Some(opaque)] {
+        let mut source = exported("layer.new.layer", params.clone()).unwrap();
+        if let Some(value) = metadata {
+            let D::Descriptor(options) = &mut source.descriptor.as_mut().unwrap().items[1].1 else { panic!("native layer options") };
+            options.items.push((Id::new("data"), value));
+        }
+        let a = action(vec![source]);
+        assert_eq!(a.steps[0], ("layer.new.layer".into(), params.clone()));
+        let (mut native, _) = fixture(8);
+        native.execute("layer.new.layer", params.clone()).unwrap();
+        let (mut recorded, source) = fixture(8);
+        let before = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        let past = recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len();
+        recorded.actions.list.push(a);
+        let result = recorded.execute("actions.play", json!({"action": 0})).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(result["ran"], 1);
+        assert!(result.get("failed").is_none());
+        let after = recorded.active().unwrap().doc.clone();
+        assert_eq!(after.layers.len(), before.layers.len() + 1);
+        assert_eq!(after.layer(source), before.layer(source));
+        assert_eq!(recorded.active().unwrap().history.past_len(), past + 1);
+        equivalent(&recorded, &native);
+        undo_redo(&mut recorded, &before, &after, 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs b/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
index 9b37b126bb..392b7ba517 100644
--- a/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
+++ b/crates/engine/tests/it/main.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ mod affinity;
 mod artboard_export_names;
 mod atn_crystallize_cell_size;
 mod atn_direct_adjustments;
+mod atn_layer_style;
 mod atn_newer_events;
 mod atn_reference_forms;
 mod atn_ripple_amount;
diff --git a/docs/atn.md b/docs/atn.md
index eb50b7f459..64c6033bf5 100644
--- a/docs/atn.md
+++ b/docs/atn.md
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ the reference application.
 | `CtTL` | cutToLayer | Layer Via Cut | `layer.new.layerViaCut` |
 | `LnsF` | lensFlare | Lens Flare | `filter.render.lensFlare` |
 | `Lvls` | levels | Levels | `image.adjustments.levels`, `image.autoTone`, `image.autoContrast` |
-| `Mk  ` | make | Make | `layer.new.layer`, `layer.new.group`, `layer.groupLayers`, `layer.duplicate`, `layer.new.layerViaCopy`, `layer.new.layerViaCut`, `layer.newFillLayer.solidColor`, `layer.newFillLayer.pattern`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.levels`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.curves`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.hueSaturation`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.brightnessContrast`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.threshold`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.posterize`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.invert`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.colorBalance`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.vibrance`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.exposure`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.photoFilter`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.blackWhite`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.channelMixer`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.selectiveColor`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.gradientMap`, `layer.layerMask.revealAll`, `layer.layerMask.hideAll`, `layer.layerMask.revealSelection`, `layer.layerMask.hideSelection`, `file.new`, `file.newFromClipboard`, `history.newSnapshot`, `type.convertToShape` |
+| `Mk  ` | make | Make | `layer.layerStyle.createLayer`, `layer.new.layer`, `layer.new.group`, `layer.groupLayers`, `layer.duplicate`, `layer.new.layerViaCopy`, `layer.new.layerViaCut`, `layer.newFillLayer.solidColor`, `layer.newFillLayer.pattern`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.levels`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.curves`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.hueSaturation`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.brightnessContrast`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.threshold`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.posterize`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.invert`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.colorBalance`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.vibrance`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.exposure`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.photoFilter`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.blackWhite`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.channelMixer`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.selectiveColor`, `layer.newAdjustmentLayer.gradientMap`, `layer.layerMask.revealAll`, `layer.layerMask.hideAll`, `layer.layerMask.revealSelection`, `layer.layerMask.hideSelection`, `file.new`, `file.newFromClipboard`, `history.newSnapshot`, `type.convertToShape` |
 | (string ID only) | animationFramesFromLayers | Make Frames from Layers |  |
 | (string ID only) | matchColor | Match Color | `image.adjustments.matchColor` |
 | `Mxm ` | maximum | Maximum | `filter.other.maximum` |
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@ the reference application.
 | `Shw ` | show | Show | `layer.showLayers`, `layer.showOnly` |
 | `Smlr` | similar | Similar | `select.similar` |
 | (string ID only) | selectSky | Sky | `select.sky` |
+| (string ID only) | scaleEffectsEvent | Scale Effects | `layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects` |
 | `SmrB` | smartBlur | Smart Blur | `filter.blur.smartBlur` |
 | (string ID only) | smartSharpen | Smart Sharpen | `filter.sharpen.smartSharpen` |
 | `Smth` | smoothness | Smooth | `select.modify.smooth` |
@@ -247,6 +248,27 @@ The separate `CropPhotos0001` helper remains a complete kept Photoshop step.
 Playback stops at that enabled helper before subsequent duplicate/crop steps can
 run. This covers the parent event, not complete recordings with generated helpers.
 
+### Layer Style menu recordings
+
+`scaleEffectsEvent` maps to `layer.layerStyle.scaleEffects` with the recorded `Scl `
+whole percentage in `#Prc`, from 1 through 1000. A missing recorded value is not
+given a guessed default. Native export makes its effective default of 100 explicit;
+fractional, out-of-range and unrepresented options refuse export.
+
+Create Layer(s) maps Make (`Mk  ` / `make`) to `layer.layerStyle.createLayer` when
+`null` is the `Lyr ` class reference and `Usng` is the `Lefx` property of the target
+layer (`Prpr.Lefx`, `Lyr .Ordn.Trgt`). It has no recorded operation settings.
+The existing native command creates the effect layers. The warning dialog is not
+an extra action parameter. Explicit native layer IDs have no measured export form.
+Malformed references stay complete kept steps, rather than creating a blank layer;
+ordinary layer creation still uses its layer-options object or class-only form.
+
+Both mappings retain descriptor identity, order and step flags while unchanged.
+A supported scale edit exports its new value canonically; damaged preservation
+metadata remains refused. These two rows are the implemented subset of #10723;
+the other menu recordings remain separate work. Playback reuses native history
+and rendering; this does not claim Photoshop pixel equivalence.
+
 ### Settings retained by mapped events
 
 - Transform keeps its recorded `FTcs` reference point. Show with `TglO` true maps to
@@ -524,8 +546,6 @@ layer reference, `Ordn.Trgt`); mapping them needs only the event name.
 
 | Menu | Recorded step | Keys |
 |---|---|---|
-| Layer > Layer Style > Scale Effects | `scaleEffectsEvent` | `Scl ` percent, whole number 1..1000 (the dialog clamps) |
-| Layer > Layer Style > Create Layer(s) | Make, `null` = class `Lyr `, `Usng` = reference to the `Lefx` property of the target layer | none; the dialog first warns that some effects cannot be reproduced with layers (OK / Cancel) |
 | Layer > New > Frame from Layers | Make, `null` = class `framedGroupSection`, `From` = layer **by name**, `layerSectionStart`, `layerSectionEnd` long, `Nm  ` text | the dialog also shows width and height, which are not recorded |
 | Layer > New > Artboard from Layers | Make, `null` = class `artboardSection`, `From` = layer target, `layerSectionStart`, `layerSectionEnd`, `Nm  ` | |
 | Layer > New > Artboard | Make, `null` = class `artboardSection`, `layerSectionStart`, `layerSectionEnd`, `Nm  `, `artboardRect` (`Top `, `Left`, `Btom`, `Rght` doubles, pixels) | |