A Python cell is written to xlsx as [MS-XLSX] 2.3.10 specifies: its
formula is _xlfn._xlws.PY(i,0|1), where i is the zero-based index of the
cell's script in the workbook's Python part and 0|1 the return type, 0
for an Excel value and 1 for a Python object. The part (2.1.23) is
xl/python.xml, content type application/vnd.ms-excel.python+xml,
related from the workbook part with
http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2023/09/relationships/Python; its
root python holds pythonScripts, one pythonScript per Python cell in the
order the cells are written, with the code in code. The code keeps its
xl() references as text, so the formula has no further arguments. The
cell keeps its cached value. A spilling result is written like a dynamic
array (cm="1", t="array" ref=...) with the spilled values cached, so
other applications show the values (and #NAME? if they recalculate).
The reader turns a PY( formula with or without the _xlfn. and _xlws.
prefixes into a Python cell. An index names a script of the Python part,
and each %Px% in the script becomes the text of the formula's argument x
(2.3.10.4). The string-literal form, PY("chunk"&"chunk",0|1), still
reads, from the formula's own text so line breaks in the code survive. A
formula naming a script the part doesn't hold keeps only its cached
value, with a warning: no calculation can evaluate it. The reader keeps
the cached spilled values as the cell's result, so a workbook from Excel
shows its arrays without running anything. Python errors are cached as
#VALUE!, as #SPILL! and #CALC! already are. Native JSON keeps Cell.py
whole: code, return type, the last result and the exact error.
Calc lays out a Python cell's kept result: Python cells are nodes of the
dependency graph that read nothing, and a pass takes a dirty Python
cell's result instead of evaluating it, so its array spills, is blocked
(#SPILL!) and unblocked, and feeds its dependents exactly like a
formula's. An array that is malformed or has more than 1,000,000 cells
(only a crafted file holds one) shows #SPILL!. A dirty Python cell is
pending in the pass, as a dirty formula is, so a formula, a range read
or a cell-by-cell range walk that reaches it before its turn lays it out
first rather than reading its old value.
Opening a file can't make the app loop over a claimed size: the reader
keeps a Python cell's spill range only when it has at most 1,000,000
cells (a range claiming the whole sheet is dropped with its values, as a
formula's spilled values are), and io::adopt_python rebuilds results for
at most 4,000,000 cells over the whole workbook, with a warning for the
cells it skips. The Python part is read up to 64 MB and 1,000,000
scripts, a script is kept up to one character past what a cell may
hold, and the cells take at most 64 MB of code from the part in all,
since several formulas can name one script. io::enforce_python_limits
drops the code of a cell whose code doesn't fit in 8,192 characters as
PY(...) (the cell keeps its cached value, with a warning) and a kept
result that isn't a well-formed array within the cap, each with its
spill range and spilled values, so the sheet and a save no longer show
the old spill. Formats that keep PY() as an ordinary formula (xls, xlsb,
ods) are adopted the same way. Opening a file runs nothing.
The command-sequence fuzzer sets Python cells (code with xl()
references, quotes, line breaks, and code at and over the size limit),
and its xlsx round-trip check allows the Python errors becoming
#VALUE!, which is what the file format stores.
Tests: the written formula naming its script, the Python part with its
content type and relationship, return types, a spilling table saved as a
dynamic array, Python errors as #VALUE!, the round trip of values, code,
long code with quotes and line breaks and the error, and no Python part
without Python cells; a workbook laid out as the format specifies (an
index, a parameter named as %P2%) read as Python cells with their
spilled values and saved back with its code in a Python part; the
string-literal form; a formula naming a missing script, with and without
a Python part; 20,000 cells naming one long script against the code
budget; the part's reader and writer (escaping, odd %P tokens, a long
script, a repeated parameter); a blocker in the spill area giving #SPILL!
and clearing it spilling again; the native JSON round trip; a spill
range claiming the whole sheet; the workbook-wide budget; hostile JSON
(code over the limit, a result claiming far more cells than it holds); a
malformed result that never spills; PY() formulas at 8,079 and 8,080
characters of code. Calc: formulas, MAX, SUM, COUNTA and SUMPRODUCT read
a dirty Python cell whose array is blocked before its turn, in a full
and an incremental recalculation, and see the array once it is
unblocked; enforce_python_limits removes the spill of dropped code and
of a dropped result, and keeps a sound one.
doesn't run it
python.set {cell?, code, output?: object|value} makes the cell (the
active cell by default) a Python cell, keeping its style and taking a
formula and its spill away. `output` is the return type Microsoft
documents for PY(): an Excel value (the default) or a Python object;
without it a Python cell keeps the one it had. The code must fit in
Excel's 8,192-character formula once written as PY(...), quotes doubled
and literals joined, so the command checks the encoded formula rather
than a character count. A table's header row refuses Python (it holds
the column's name, as Excel keeps formulas out of headers), and a locked
cell on a protected sheet refuses it through the usual protection check.
Nothing runs Python here. Unchanged code keeps its cached result and
value; new or changed code shows #BLOCKED!. One undo step takes the cell
back.
Sheet::clear_spill removes the spilled values inside a range with work
bounded by the values stored, not by the range's size.
In the interface, F2, a double click or the formula bar on a Python cell
edits its code, and a changed text is committed through python.set,
which keeps the return type; through cell.set it would have replaced the
Python cell with an ordinary cell holding the code as text. Typing over
a Python cell replaces it, as typing over a formula does, and committing
the code unchanged writes nothing. Deleting all the code clears the
cell through cell.set, as an empty entry clears any other cell; code
of spaces is still code.
Tests: the code and return type in cell.get, #BLOCKED! for new code,
cached results kept for unchanged code, the active-cell default, undo,
refused params (missing or non-text code, a bad cell, a bad return
type), the encoded limit at 8,079 and 8,080 characters and with doubled
quotes, a table header, a protected sheet, and a formula's spill taken
away. A UI test edits a Python cell's code with F2 and Enter, commits it
unchanged, and types over it; another clears a Python cell by deleting
all its code, keeps code of spaces, and undoes the clearing.
Cell gains `py: Option<Arc<PyCode>>`, read with a serde default and not
written for ordinary cells, so older native files load and ordinary
cells serialize as before. PyCode holds the code, the return type (an
Excel value or a Python object), the last result (value, type name,
preview, whether it converted to cells) and a stale flag for manual
calculation. The cell's `value` stays the cached result, so formulas,
display and saving read a Python cell like any other. is_blank,
CellStore::has and input_text (which returns the code) take the code
into account; Cell::has_content and clear_content cover value, formula
and code together.
The model reads and writes the PY function's syntax as Microsoft
documents it, PY("chunk"&"chunk",0|1), with string literals of at most
255 characters and the return type 0 for an Excel value, 1 for a Python
object. The reader takes the `_xlfn._xlws.` prefix (and `_xlfn.` or
`_xlws.` alone, in any letter case); to_file_formula writes it. (An xlsx
file keeps the code in its Python part instead; the xlsx commit adds
it.) The size limit is Excel's 8,192 characters for that formula, not a
count of code characters: doubled quotes and the "&" between literals
count, so code with many quotes fits in fewer characters (8,079
characters of plain code fit exactly). The model also finds the
xl("...") literals in code, skipping comments and other strings; a plain
literal may escape a quote or a backslash. A rewritten reference that
holds the literal's quote (a sheet name that needs quotes, 'Q4
2026'!B2) takes the other quote as the literal's delimiter, or an
escaped quote when it holds both, so it never ends the string early.
Edits: cell.set over a Python cell, Clear Contents, Clear All and the
cells a merge empties remove the code; Clear Formats keeps it. Copy and
paste (All, Formulas), Fill, sort, cut-move, sheet copy and undo carry
it; a cut to another sheet first qualifies its xl() references with the
source sheet, as a moved formula's references are, so they keep
reading the same cells. Paste Values and Paste Link do not carry it,
and paste operations do not combine numbers with a Python cell. Fill
copies Python cells instead of extending them as a series. cell.set
with =PY(...) is refused with a message that points to python.set, and
Text to Columns keeps a piece that reads as =PY(...) as text instead of
clearing it. Goal Seek refuses a Python cell as its changing cell, and
Solver as a variable cell, as both refuse formulas: the number written
there would replace the code. The sheet-protection check compares the
code, so a locked Python cell cannot be changed. cell.get reports
{python: code, output, typeName, preview, stale}.
The xl() literals follow reference-moving edits: rewrite_all_formulas
(row and column insert and delete, cell insert and delete, cut-move),
sheet rename and sheet delete adjust each literal like a formula
reference, and replace it only when it changed.
Errors: CellError gains Python, Busy, Timeout and Blocked, and ALL has
14 entries, so the lexer reads them as literals. ERROR.TYPE gives 11 for
#BLOCKED!, the number Excel returns. Microsoft documents no ERROR.TYPE
number for #PYTHON!, #BUSY! or #TIMEOUT!; they take 19, 20 and 21, after
the numbers Excel is known to use. The xlsx writer caches the four as
#VALUE!, as it already does #SPILL! and #CALC!, because they are not
error codes of the file format.
Tests cover the =PY refusal, removal by entry and clearing, undo, copy,
paste values, fill and sort, xl() rewrites through row insert, sheet
rename (also to names that need quotes, with one quote and with both),
cut-move (also to another sheet) and column delete, Goal Seek and
Solver refusing Python cells, Text to Columns keeping a =PY piece,
native JSON round trips, the new errors, the prefixes, escaped quotes in
literals, and the encoded size limit at 8,192 characters exactly and
with doubled quotes.
Scripts can't run the View tab's window commands (Switch Windows, New Window, Hide, Unhide):
they change the active workbook, as window.* steps do. The Switch Windows button names its
accessibility role with egui::Role (egui 0.37).
Extract helpers from auto_sum (selection and single-cell guess), update_cursor
(drag, hover, freeze, and header-edge cursors) and read_styles (dxf reader).
No behaviour change.
* Sonar: explicit imports, fn paths for closures, extract helpers for cognitive complexity
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Fix imports
* Fix serde imports
* Fix engine imports
* Fix clippy gate and a type error from the explicit-import change
Remove the unused imports the review flagged (cf.rs, pivot.rs, tables.rs, cmd/sheet.rs) so clippy -D warnings passes, and point the backstage parent-folder lookup at Path::to_str, which the fn-path rewrite had broken.
Generated with Codebuff
Co-Authored-By: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
* Apply rustfmt to the explicit-import cleanup so the fmt gate passes
* Share the per-directory font path expansion in theme.rs
The candidate font lists repeated the same loop over the Linux font
directories in every role. A single helper expands them in the same order,
so the lookup order is unchanged and the duplicated blocks go away.
🤖 Generated with Codebuff
Co-Authored-By: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
* Read the Windows fonts folder in one place in theme.rs
Every script-font list repeated the same WINDIR lookup. A single helper
returns the same path, so the duplicated lines go away without changing
which font files are tried.
🤖 Generated with Codebuff
Co-Authored-By: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
* Build the light and dark UI palettes from one table in theme.rs
Tokens::light() and Tokens::dark() listed the same 40 colour fields in the
same order, so every change had to be made twice. A single palette
constructor takes the mode and picks each colour's value, so each field is
written once and both modes keep their exact colours.
🤖 Generated with Codebuff
Co-Authored-By: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
* Share the Noto CJK font list between the CJK script lists in theme.rs
The Japanese, Simplified and Korean lists each repeated the same loop over
the Linux CJK directories with a different locale file name. One helper
builds that loop, and each list keeps its own face index, so the lookup
order is unchanged.
🤖 Generated with Codebuff
Co-Authored-By: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
* Share Linux Noto directory list across Thai and Hebrew font lookups
Removes the duplicated directory arrays flagged by SonarCloud new-code duplication.
* Reuse in_dirs for Thai and Hebrew Noto font candidates
Removes the remaining duplicated per-directory loops flagged by SonarCloud.
* Share one font-list builder for the Thai and Hebrew faces
The two per-script functions repeated the same Windows, macOS, Linux and
variable-font setup. A single script_fonts helper now builds both lists,
keeping the candidate order unchanged, which clears the Sonar duplication gate.
---------
Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-authored-by: Codebuff <noreply@codebuff.com>
AutoSum over any selection of more than one cell wrote a total under each column, so a row
selected (B2:E2) got four one-cell totals in row 3 instead of =SUM(B2:E2) in F2.
As Excel does, totals now go in the selection's empty last row or column, and otherwise past
it:
- a single row: its total in its last cell when that is empty, else just to its right;
- a block whose last column is empty: each row's total there; whose last row is empty: each
column's; both: both, and the block's total in the corner;
- otherwise totals under each column, as before.
A whole-row selection still stops at the data's last column, and all totals are one undo step.
Tests: autosum_over_a_row_totals_it_to_the_right,
autosum_over_a_whole_row_totals_it_after_the_data and
autosum_fills_a_selections_empty_last_column_and_row; each fails without the change.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Found while testing crates/engine/src/cmd/sheet.rs:~199 (shift_sheet_features, sparklines loop)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* Go To: names match in any case and script, as formulas match them
* Paste Name: only the names in view are laid out
* Docs: LAMBDA recursion limit and called error names; one Page Layout view row with the side margin marked unverified
* Go To and Paste Name: cargo fmt
Insert > Line or Area and the All Charts list offer 100% Stacked Area,
and insert.chart and chart.set take it as type area with subtype
stacked100. Each series' area stacks on the ones before it as its
share of the category's total. When every series on the value axis is
100% stacked and no value is negative, the axis runs from 0% to 100%.
A blank cell counts as zero, and a category whose total is zero stays
on the baseline.
An XLSX area chart with percentStacked grouping now opens as 100%
stacked and is saved back as percentStacked. It used to open as a
stacked area and was saved as stacked.
DocState::new recalculates the whole workbook, so values saved in the file
change where nothing was edited (volatile functions, functions GridCraft
lacks, cycles). DocState::from_saved builds the dependency graph without
evaluating, so every value stays the file's until an edit reaches it.
Writing a note or comment on a cell that already has one of the same kind
replaced the whole thread: Edit Comment lost the replies, the resolved state
and the dates, and Edit Note the box read from the file. Now only the text
(and the author, when the command names one) changes, as Excel's Edit Note
does; a note written over a comment still replaces it.
formulas.errorChecking listed each circular reference as Sheet!A1 with
the sheet name as it is, so a sheet named Bob's Q1 gave Bob's Q1!B2,
which a formula does not accept as a reference. The list now quotes the
name with quote_sheet, as references are written elsewhere in the
engine ('Bob''s Q1'!B2), and the status bar's Circular References
label uses the same form.
The Header & Footer tab now has the Scale with Document and Align with
Page Margins check boxes, and pageLayout.headerFooter takes
scaleWithDoc and alignWithMargins. XLSX already kept both settings,
but nothing else read them.
With Scale with Document on, header and footer text prints at the
sheet's print scale. With it off, the text keeps its point size. With
Align with Page Margins on, the left and right sections line up with
the page's side margins. With it off, they start 0.7 inch from the
paper's edges, or a quarter of the page width on paper narrower than
2.8 inches. The Page Layout view draws headers and footers and takes
clicks on them the same way. Both settings are on by default, so a
sheet printed at a scale other than 100% now prints its header and
footer text at that scale.
Data > Outline > Settings now has Summary rows below detail and Summary
columns to right of detail. With one cleared, each group's - / + button
sits on the line before the group, its bracket runs down to the last
detail line, and Hide Detail, Show Detail, the level buttons and
Ungroup mark or clear the collapsed flag on that line. Changing a
direction moves the flags of collapsed groups to their new summary
lines.
- model: Sheet::summary_below and summary_right (on by default, also
for older JSON).
- xlsx: read and written as sheetPr/outlinePr summaryBelow and
summaryRight; files that set them no longer lose them on save.
- engine: data.outlineSettings {sheet?, summaryBelow?, summaryRight?},
undoable; outline::groups_with places the summary line.
- ui: a Settings button in the Data tab's Outline group opens the
dialog; the outline band follows the setting.
The cell menu checked whether to offer Show Details by computing the
whole report again for each new active cell. pivot::detail_cells now
returns every value, subtotal and grand total cell of a report from one
computation, and the menu caches that set per document, revision, sheet
and PivotTable.
With Enable show details off, Show Details on a value cell of a report whose
source has changed gave the out-of-date error. It now gives the turned-off
message, and a label still reports that it is not a value cell. The message
names pivot.options with enableShowDetails set to true, since there is no
PivotTable Options dialog.
A PivotTable has an Enable show details option, set with the new
pivot.options command ({pivot?, enableShowDetails?: bool}). While it is
off, pivot.showDetails and double-clicking a value cell list no records:
the double-click shows a message and does not open the cell for editing.
Labels and headers still edit. Changing the option is one undo step and
does not refresh the report. pivot.fields reports the setting.
XLSX files keep it: an off option is written as enableDrill="0" on the
pivotTableDefinition, and enableDrill is read on open (on when absent).
When a fill starts from a date, the right-drag fill menu and the Auto
Fill Options button now also offer Fill Days, Fill Weekdays, Fill Months
and Fill Years. edit.autoFill takes them as the modes days, weekdays,
months and years.
A lone date steps by one unit. Two or more dates step by the difference
between the first two in that unit, or by one unit when both fall in
the same one. Fill Weekdays skips Saturday and Sunday, and a start on a
weekend moves to the next weekday first. Fill Months and Fill Years keep
the day of the month, clamped to the month's last day. A source that is
not all dates fills as a plain drag does.
Fills by months or years now keep the time of day of a date with a
time. A plain drag of dates a month apart and Series by Month or Year
used to drop it.
save_fails_upfront_when_the_temp_name_is_taken,
save_keeps_the_destination_access_restrictions and
open_refuses_directories_and_unknowable_lengths in crates/engine/src/io.rs
all worked in temp_dir()/gridcraft-fs-safety and removed it at the start
and the end. cargo test runs them on parallel threads, so one test could
delete the folder while another was writing to it, and the other test
failed. Each test now uses its own folder, named with a short label and
the process id, as the gridcraft-write and gridcraft-sandbox tests in the
same file do.
- scripts: refuse `window.*` steps like file and link steps — activating
another window repointed every later step at a different open document
(finding 17).
- format: on a protected sheet, formatting may not change a cell's
protection flags: the format-cells permission can't drop `locked` and
then authorize content edits the password gates (finding 20).
- sheet.moveColumns: the insert/delete protection checks now carry the
command's own `sheet` parameter, so the sheet modified is the sheet
authorized, not whichever is active (finding 24).
Tests: unlock-via-format refused, cross-sheet move refused, window switch
refused, plus the positive controls. Engine: 462 tests pass; clippy clean.
- read_file: verify the opened file is regular and cap the bytes actually
taken at the 2 GB limit — a workbook-named symlink to an endless device
reported length 0 but streamed forever (finding 22).
- write_file: create the temporary file exclusively, so a planted file or
symlink at the predictable `book.xlsx.sctmp` path makes the save fail
instead of truncating the link's target (finding 25).
- write_file: inherit the destination's permissions, so saving an
owner-only workbook doesn't become world-readable through the rename
(finding 15); new files note restrictive defaults.
Tests: exclusive temp creation vs planted symlink, permissions preserved,
directory refused on open. Engine: 460 tests pass; clippy clean.
- clip_html: cap wildcard/glob lookback to a 12-byte window instead of scanning
outgoing text arbitrarily far for a semicolon (finding 18).
- print: wrap_lines binary-searches its break instead of rescanning the line
from the start for every band (finding 21).
- autofit: per-row merge index instead of scanning every merge per row during
autofit (finding 27) — behaviour covered by the existing autofit merge test.
- Save as Web Page: the used rectangle bounds the HTML (finding 28, #2387) —
a tall/wide or sparse far-right sheet now errors instead of growing
gigabytes of <td></td>.
- print: decode each embedded picture once per document instead of once per
band that shows it (finding 30).
Engine: 459 tests pass; clippy clean.
The status bar always showed Average, Count and Sum for a selection of
several cells and had no menu. A right-click on it now opens a menu with
Average, Count, Numerical Count, Minimum, Maximum and Sum, as in Excel.
Average, Count and Sum are on by default; the other three are off.
The text on the status bar can no longer be selected, so a right-click
on the mode text or a statistic opens the menu as well. The zoom and
view controls handle their own clicks as before.
The choice is a preference set with the new view.statusBar command and
kept in prefs.json. A prefs.json without it keeps the defaults.
The Go To dialog lists the named ranges of the workbook and of every
sheet, a name scoped to another sheet as Sheet2!Name, without hidden
names, constants or formulas. After them it lists the references
entered in the dialog, newest first, and a double-click on an entry
goes there.
edit.goTo takes several names or references separated by commas
(Price, Type or B14:C22,F19:G30) and selects them all, follows a name
that refers to several areas, and goes to Sheet2!Name on Sheet2. With
record: true it keeps a reference that holds no name among the recent
ones, and with list: true it returns the names and the recent
references.
formulas.pasteName lists the names the active sheet can use (workbook
names and the sheet's own, without hidden names, in alphabetical order).
With name it puts the name at the caret of the formula being edited,
replacing selected text, or starts =Name; with list: true it writes each
name and the text of what it refers to in two columns from the active
cell. The Paste Name dialog opens from F3 when the workbook has names,
from Use in Formula's new Paste Names… item and from Alt+M, S, P. While
a dialog is open over the edit, the editor takes no keys.
Use in Formula lists the same names, and formulas.useInFormula inserts
at the caret instead of replacing the text being edited.
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