diff --git a/crates/image-codecs/src/codecs/jpeg.rs b/crates/image-codecs/src/codecs/jpeg.rs
index 8d613ce38..379a6792f 100644
--- a/crates/image-codecs/src/codecs/jpeg.rs
+++ b/crates/image-codecs/src/codecs/jpeg.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ pub(crate) struct JpegMeta {
     pub dpi: Option<(f32, f32)>,
     /// The APP13 Photoshop image resource blocks (`8BIM` ...), segments joined, without the header.
     pub photoshop: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+    /// Whether an Adobe APP14 marker identifies the four-component samples as inverted CMYK.
+    pub adobe_marker: bool,
     pub adobe_transform: Option<u8>,
     /// (width, height, components) from the first SOFn.
     pub frame: Option<(u32, u32, u8)>,
@@ -148,8 +150,11 @@ pub(crate) fn scan_metadata(b: &[u8]) -> JpegMeta {
                 m.frame = Some((w, h, seg[5]));
                 sof = Some((marker, seg));
             }
-            0xEE if seg.len() >= 12 && seg.starts_with(b"Adobe") => {
-                m.adobe_transform = Some(seg[11]);
+            0xEE if seg.starts_with(b"Adobe") => {
+                m.adobe_marker = true;
+                if seg.len() >= 12 {
+                    m.adobe_transform = Some(seg[11]);
+                }
             }
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -398,8 +403,9 @@ pub(crate) fn decode(bytes: &[u8], limits: &Limits) -> Result<Image, CodecError>
     }
     px.truncate(expected);
     match input {
-        // Adobe-style CMYK is stored inverted (255 = no ink).
-        ColorSpace::CMYK => px.iter_mut().for_each(|v| *v = 255 - *v),
+        // Adobe-style CMYK is stored inverted (255 = no ink). Four-component JPEGs without
+        // APP14 are also encountered with their CMYK samples stored as ink values directly.
+        ColorSpace::CMYK if meta.adobe_marker => px.iter_mut().for_each(|v| *v = 255 - *v),
         ColorSpace::YCCK => {
             for p in px.as_chunks_mut::<4>().0 {
                 let (y, cb, cr) = (p[0] as f32, p[1] as f32 - 128.0, p[2] as f32 - 128.0);
diff --git a/crates/image-codecs/tests/it/png_jpeg.rs b/crates/image-codecs/tests/it/png_jpeg.rs
index 0c7bc03d4..6b213ea83 100644
--- a/crates/image-codecs/tests/it/png_jpeg.rs
+++ b/crates/image-codecs/tests/it/png_jpeg.rs
@@ -115,6 +115,26 @@ fn jpeg_cmyk_roundtrip_with_adobe_marker() {
     assert!(psnr(&img, &back) > 35.0, "{}", psnr(&img, &back));
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn jpeg_cmyk_without_adobe_marker_keeps_samples_as_inks() {
+    let img = Image::from_u8(16, 16, ChannelLayout::Cmyk, [10u8, 100, 200, 50].repeat(256)).unwrap();
+    let marked = encode(&img, Format::Jpeg, &EncodeOptions { jpeg_quality: 95, ..Default::default() }).unwrap();
+    let signature = b"\xFF\xEE\x00\x0EAdobe";
+    let start = marked.windows(signature.len()).position(|part| part == signature).expect("Adobe APP14 marker");
+    // APP14's two marker bytes and two-byte length precede its 12-byte payload.
+    let mut unmarked = Vec::with_capacity(marked.len() - 16);
+    unmarked.extend_from_slice(&marked[..start]);
+    unmarked.extend_from_slice(&marked[start + 16..]);
+
+    let adobe_pixels = decode(&marked).unwrap().data().to_vec();
+    let unmarked_pixels = decode(&unmarked).unwrap().data().to_vec();
+    for (adobe, raw) in adobe_pixels.as_chunks::<4>().0.iter().zip(unmarked_pixels.as_chunks::<4>().0) {
+        for (&ink, &stored) in adobe.iter().zip(raw) {
+            assert_eq!(stored, 255 - ink, "unmarked CMYK samples are direct inks");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn jpeg_ycck_decodes_to_cmyk() {
     let img = synth(40, 32, ChannelLayout::Cmyk, SampleType::U8, 4, 0.02);