diff --git a/crates/image-codecs/src/allocation.rs b/crates/image-codecs/src/allocation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5425a0c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/image-codecs/src/allocation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+//! Predecode bounds for raster containers whose frames may exceed their declared canvas.
+
+use crate::codecs::webp;
+use crate::error::CodecError;
+use crate::format::Format;
+use crate::image::{ChannelLayout, SampleType};
+use crate::options::Limits;
+
+/// The largest width and height any decoded frame can declare, without allocating pixel data.
+/// Animated GIF and WebP frames are inspected individually, including frames larger than the
+/// animation canvas. Other recognized raster formats use their container's image dimensions.
+pub fn probe_allocation_size(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, u32), CodecError> {
+    let format = crate::detect(bytes).ok_or(CodecError::UnknownFormat)?;
+    let (width, height) = match format {
+        Format::Gif => gif_bounds(bytes)?,
+        Format::WebP => {
+            let (width, height, _) = webp::probe(bytes, &Limits::default())?;
+            let (frame_width, frame_height) = webp_bounds(bytes)?;
+            (width.max(frame_width), height.max(frame_height))
+        }
+        _ => {
+            if let Some(info) = crate::inspect_raster(bytes)? {
+                (info.width, info.height)
+            } else {
+                crate::probe_size(bytes)?
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    Limits::default().check(width, height, ChannelLayout::Rgba, SampleType::U8)?;
+    Ok((width, height))
+}
+
+fn malformed(format: Format, message: &'static str) -> CodecError {
+    CodecError::malformed(format, message)
+}
+
+fn u16_le(bytes: &[u8], at: usize) -> Option<u16> {
+    Some(u16::from_le_bytes(bytes.get(at..at.checked_add(2)?)?.try_into().ok()?))
+}
+
+fn gif_bounds(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, u32), CodecError> {
+    let bad = || malformed(Format::Gif, "truncated or malformed GIF frame table");
+    if !bytes.starts_with(b"GIF87a") && !bytes.starts_with(b"GIF89a") {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    let packed = *bytes.get(10).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+    let (mut width, mut height) = (u32::from(u16_le(bytes, 6).ok_or_else(bad)?), u32::from(u16_le(bytes, 8).ok_or_else(bad)?));
+    let table_len =
+        if packed & 0x80 != 0 { 3usize.checked_mul(1usize.checked_shl(u32::from((packed & 7) + 1)).ok_or_else(bad)?).ok_or_else(bad)? } else { 0 };
+    let mut at = 13usize.checked_add(table_len).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+    if bytes.get(..at).is_none() || width == 0 || height == 0 {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    let mut frames = 0usize;
+    loop {
+        match bytes.get(at).copied().ok_or_else(bad)? {
+            0x3b => break,
+            0x21 => {
+                at = at.checked_add(2).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                loop {
+                    let length = usize::from(*bytes.get(at).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                    at = at.checked_add(1).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                    if length == 0 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    at = at.checked_add(length).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                    if bytes.get(..at).is_none() {
+                        return Err(bad());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            0x2c => {
+                let left = u32::from(u16_le(bytes, at + 1).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                let top = u32::from(u16_le(bytes, at + 3).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                let frame_width = u32::from(u16_le(bytes, at + 5).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                let frame_height = u32::from(u16_le(bytes, at + 7).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                let descriptor = bytes.get(at..at.checked_add(10).ok_or_else(bad)?).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                let flags = descriptor[9];
+                let mut body = at.checked_add(10).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                if flags & 0x80 != 0 {
+                    let table = 3usize.checked_mul(1usize.checked_shl(u32::from((flags & 7) + 1)).ok_or_else(bad)?).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                    body = body.checked_add(table).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                }
+                body = body.checked_add(1).ok_or_else(bad)?; // LZW minimum code size.
+                if bytes.get(..body).is_none() || frame_width == 0 || frame_height == 0 {
+                    return Err(bad());
+                }
+                width = width.max(left.saturating_add(frame_width));
+                height = height.max(top.saturating_add(frame_height));
+                at = body;
+                loop {
+                    let length = usize::from(*bytes.get(at).ok_or_else(bad)?);
+                    at = at.checked_add(1).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                    if length == 0 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    at = at.checked_add(length).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+                    if bytes.get(..at).is_none() {
+                        return Err(bad());
+                    }
+                }
+                frames = frames.saturating_add(1);
+            }
+            _ => return Err(bad()),
+        }
+    }
+    if frames == 0 {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    Ok((width, height))
+}
+
+fn webp_bounds(bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<(u32, u32), CodecError> {
+    let bad = || malformed(Format::WebP, "truncated or malformed WebP frame table");
+    if bytes.get(0..4) != Some(b"RIFF") || bytes.get(8..12) != Some(b"WEBP") {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    let riff_len = usize::try_from(u32::from_le_bytes(bytes.get(4..8).ok_or_else(bad)?.try_into().map_err(|_| bad())?)).map_err(|_| bad())?;
+    let end = 8usize.checked_add(riff_len).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+    if end > bytes.len() || end < 12 {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    let mut max_width = 0u32;
+    let mut max_height = 0u32;
+    webp_chunks(bytes, 12, end, false, &mut max_width, &mut max_height)?;
+    if max_width == 0 || max_height == 0 {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    Ok((max_width, max_height))
+}
+
+fn webp_chunks(bytes: &[u8], mut at: usize, end: usize, nested: bool, max_width: &mut u32, max_height: &mut u32) -> Result<(), CodecError> {
+    let bad = || malformed(Format::WebP, "truncated or malformed WebP frame table");
+    while at < end {
+        let header_end = at.checked_add(8).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        let header = bytes.get(at..header_end).filter(|_| header_end <= end).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        let size = usize::try_from(u32::from_le_bytes(header.get(4..8).ok_or_else(bad)?.try_into().map_err(|_| bad())?)).map_err(|_| bad())?;
+        let from = header_end;
+        let to = from.checked_add(size).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        let payload = bytes.get(from..to).filter(|_| to <= end).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        match header.get(..4).ok_or_else(bad)? {
+            b"VP8 " => {
+                if payload.get(3..6) != Some(&[0x9d, 0x01, 0x2a]) || payload.len() < 10 {
+                    return Err(bad());
+                }
+                let w = u32::from(u16::from_le_bytes([payload[6], payload[7]]) & 0x3fff);
+                let h = u32::from(u16::from_le_bytes([payload[8], payload[9]]) & 0x3fff);
+                *max_width = (*max_width).max(w);
+                *max_height = (*max_height).max(h);
+            }
+            b"VP8L" => {
+                if payload.len() < 5 || payload[0] != 0x2f {
+                    return Err(bad());
+                }
+                let bits = u32::from_le_bytes([payload[1], payload[2], payload[3], payload[4]]);
+                *max_width = (*max_width).max((bits & 0x3fff) + 1);
+                *max_height = (*max_height).max(((bits >> 14) & 0x3fff) + 1);
+            }
+            b"VP8X" => {
+                if nested || payload.len() < 10 {
+                    return Err(bad());
+                }
+                *max_width = (*max_width).max(read_le24(payload, 4).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_add(1));
+                *max_height = (*max_height).max(read_le24(payload, 7).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_add(1));
+            }
+            b"ANMF" => {
+                if nested || payload.len() < 16 {
+                    return Err(bad());
+                }
+                let x = read_le24(payload, 0).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_mul(2);
+                let y = read_le24(payload, 3).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_mul(2);
+                let w = read_le24(payload, 6).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_add(1);
+                let h = read_le24(payload, 9).ok_or_else(bad)?.saturating_add(1);
+                *max_width = (*max_width).max(x.saturating_add(w));
+                *max_height = (*max_height).max(y.saturating_add(h));
+                webp_chunks(payload, 16, payload.len(), true, max_width, max_height)?;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        at = to.checked_add(size & 1).ok_or_else(bad)?;
+        if at > end {
+            return Err(bad());
+        }
+    }
+    if at != end {
+        return Err(bad());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn read_le24(bytes: &[u8], at: usize) -> Option<u32> {
+    let b = bytes.get(at..at.checked_add(3)?)?;
+    Some(u32::from_le_bytes([b[0], b[1], b[2], 0]))
+}
diff --git a/crates/image-codecs/src/lib.rs b/crates/image-codecs/src/lib.rs
index 865e59865..e02c438ec 100644
--- a/crates/image-codecs/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/image-codecs/src/lib.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 #![deny(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic, clippy::unimplemented, clippy::todo, clippy::unreachable)]
 
+mod allocation;
 pub mod cicp;
 mod codecs;
 mod error;
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ pub mod orientation;
 pub mod resolution;
 pub mod source_settings;
 pub mod web;
+pub use crate::allocation::probe_allocation_size;
 pub use crate::cicp::Cicp;
 pub use crate::codecs::exr_cryptomatte::{cryptomatte_id, cryptomatte_key, cryptomatte_preview_color};
 pub use crate::codecs::gif_frames::{AnimationFrame, MAX_GIF_FRAMES};