diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/crypt.rs b/crates/pdf/src/crypt.rs
index 069627db9..3d541704f 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/crypt.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/crypt.rs
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ impl SecurityHandler {
     /// different key is refused too.
     pub fn authenticate_owner(&self, id0: &[u8], password: &str) -> Result<Self, CryptError> {
         let owner = Self::open(self.dict.clone(), id0, Some(password))?;
-        if owner.auth != Auth::Owner || owner.key != self.key {
+        if owner.auth != Auth::Owner || !same(owner.key.as_slice(), self.key.as_slice()) {
             return Err(CryptError::WrongPassword);
         }
         Ok(owner)
@@ -539,6 +539,12 @@ fn u_value_r4(d: &EncryptDict, id0: &[u8], key: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
     x
 }
 
+/// Whether `a` and `b` are equal, in time that depends only on their lengths: password-derived
+/// digests, keys and verifiers are compared without stopping at the first differing byte.
+fn same(a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    a.len() == b.len() && a.iter().zip(b).fold(0u8, |acc, (x, y)| acc | (x ^ y)) == 0
+}
+
 /// Algorithm 6: authenticate a user password; returns the file key.
 ///
 /// Some producers ignore `/EncryptMetadata false` when deriving the key (they omit the
@@ -549,7 +555,7 @@ fn user_key_r4(d: &EncryptDict, id0: &[u8], pw: &[u8]) -> Option<Zeroizing<Vec<u
         let key = file_key_r4(d, id0, pw);
         let u = u_value_r4(d, id0, &key);
         let n = if d.r == 2 { 32 } else { 16 };
-        (d.u.len() >= n && u[..n] == d.u[..n]).then_some(key)
+        (d.u.len() >= n && same(&u[..n], &d.u[..n])).then_some(key)
     };
     check(d).or_else(|| (d.r >= 4 && !d.encrypt_metadata).then(|| check(&EncryptDict { encrypt_metadata: true, ..d.clone() })).flatten())
 }
@@ -636,7 +642,8 @@ fn key_r6(d: &EncryptDict, pw: &[u8], owner: bool) -> Result<Option<Zeroizing<Ve
         return Err(CryptError::Malformed("/O and /U must be 48 bytes for R5/R6".into()));
     }
     let (hashed, encrypted, udata) = if owner { (&d.o[..48], &d.oe, &d.u[..48]) } else { (&d.u[..48], &d.ue, &[][..]) };
-    if *hash_r6(d.r, pw, &hashed[32..40], udata) != hashed[..32] {
+    let verifier = hash_r6(d.r, pw, &hashed[32..40], udata);
+    if !same(verifier.as_slice(), &hashed[..32]) {
         return Ok(None);
     }
     if encrypted.len() < 32 {
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/crypt/tests.rs b/crates/pdf/src/crypt/tests.rs
index 04bb7c61e..7de881273 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/crypt/tests.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/crypt/tests.rs
@@ -59,6 +59,16 @@ fn new(alg: Algorithm, user: &str, owner: &str, perms: i32) -> SecurityHandler {
     .unwrap()
 }
 
+/// Every verifier check goes through this comparison: it reads both sides in full and a value
+/// that merely starts the same never matches.
+#[test]
+fn verifier_comparison_reads_every_byte() {
+    assert!(super::same(b"", b""));
+    assert!(super::same(b"0123456789abcdef", b"0123456789abcdef"));
+    assert!(!super::same(b"0123456789abcdef", b"0123456789abcdee"), "difference in the last byte");
+    assert!(!super::same(b"0123456789abcdef", b"0123456789abcde"), "shorter value");
+}
+
 const ALL: [Algorithm; 4] = [Algorithm::Rc4_40, Algorithm::Rc4_128, Algorithm::Aes128, Algorithm::Aes256];
 
 #[test]
diff --git a/crates/pkcs7/src/pkcs12.rs b/crates/pkcs7/src/pkcs12.rs
index f14b2297e..ee245f380 100644
--- a/crates/pkcs7/src/pkcs12.rs
+++ b/crates/pkcs7/src/pkcs12.rs
@@ -184,6 +184,12 @@ impl Cipher {
     }
 }
 
+/// Whether `a` and `b` are equal, in time that depends only on their lengths: the MAC is derived
+/// from the password, so it is compared without stopping at the first differing byte.
+fn same(a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> bool {
+    a.len() == b.len() && a.iter().zip(b).fold(0u8, |acc, (x, y)| acc | (x ^ y)) == 0
+}
+
 fn hmac(alg: DigestAlg, key: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
     fn run<D: hmac::EagerHash>(key: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error>
     where
@@ -411,7 +417,8 @@ pub fn open(bytes: &[u8], password: &str) -> Result<DigitalId, Error> {
         let key_len = alg.digest(&[]).len();
         let iterations = budget.spend(alg, iterations, key_len)?;
         let key = pkcs12_kdf(alg, &bmp(password), &salt, 3, iterations, key_len);
-        if hmac(alg, &key, &content)? != *expected {
+        let computed = hmac(alg, &key, &content)?;
+        if !same(&computed, &expected) {
             return Err(Error::WrongPassword);
         }
     }