diff --git a/crates/pdf/Cargo.toml b/crates/pdf/Cargo.toml
index 193aeb9df..2037bcc68 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/pdf/Cargo.toml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ interpret = ["read", "dep:hayro-interpret"]
 raster = ["interpret", "dep:hayro", "dep:bytemuck"]
 write = ["dep:krilla", "dep:thiserror"]
 write-pdf = ["write", "krilla/pdf"]
+write-raster = ["write", "dep:flate2"]
 write-simple-text = ["write", "krilla/simple-text"]
 filters = ["dep:craft-stream-codecs", "dep:flate2", "dep:thiserror"]
 cos = ["crypt", "filters", "dep:chrono", "dep:js-sys", "dep:wasm-bindgen"]
@@ -29,9 +30,9 @@ hayro = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 bytemuck = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 krilla = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 thiserror = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+flate2 = { version = "1.1", default-features = false, features = ["zlib-rs"], optional = true }
 # The filter chain (`filters`). flate2 with zlib-rs, the backend the chain's Flate prices were measured on.
 craft-stream-codecs = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-flate2 = { version = "1.1", default-features = false, features = ["zlib-rs"], optional = true }
 # The standard security handler (`crypt`): pure Rust, MIT OR Apache-2.0, builds for wasm.
 aes = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
 md-5 = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/write.rs b/crates/pdf/src/write.rs
index 8114327d4..b68458123 100644
--- a/crates/pdf/src/write.rs
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/write.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ const _: bool = backend::CRAFT_OPTIONAL_CONTENT;
 
 pub mod print;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "write-raster")]
+pub mod raster;
+
 use backend::configure::{Archival, Configuration, ConfigurationBuilder, ConfigurationError, PdfVersion};
 use backend::text::{Font, Tag};
 
diff --git a/crates/pdf/src/write/raster.rs b/crates/pdf/src/write/raster.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573142629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/pdf/src/write/raster.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+//! Low-level raster and spot-plate PDF serialization.
+//!
+//! Callers map their page and color models to these neutral records. This module owns PDF object
+//! layout, image streams, ICC/Separation resources, page labels, marks, xref and trailer syntax.
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::fmt::Write as _;
+use std::io::Write as _;
+
+/// An 8-bit interleaved image placed on one page: gray, RGB or CMYK.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Image {
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub channels: usize,
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+    pub icc: Option<Vec<u8>>,
+}
+
+/// One spot plate with 8-bit ink density and an alternate CMYK preview color.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct SpotPlate {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub cmyk: [f32; 4],
+    pub width: u32,
+    pub height: u32,
+    pub data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Crop and registration marks around a page's image rectangle.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Marks {
+    pub corner_crop: bool,
+    pub center_crop: bool,
+    pub registration: bool,
+}
+
+/// A neutral PDF page and its raster/spot resources.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct Page {
+    pub paper: (f64, f64),
+    pub image: Option<Image>,
+    pub rect: (f64, f64, f64, f64),
+    pub marks: Marks,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub label: Option<String>,
+    pub page_label: Option<String>,
+    pub plates: Vec<SpotPlate>,
+}
+
+/// A one-byte Unicode map for invisible, selectable text layered over vector outlines.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct SelectionFont {
+    chars: BTreeSet<char>,
+}
+
+impl SelectionFont {
+    /// Collect distinct characters until the one-byte code space is exceeded.
+    pub fn new<'a>(texts: impl Iterator<Item = &'a str>) -> Self {
+        let mut chars = BTreeSet::new();
+        'texts: for text in texts {
+            for ch in text.chars() {
+                chars.insert(ch);
+                if chars.len() > 255 {
+                    break 'texts;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Self { chars }
+    }
+    /// Encode text as hex character codes in this font's Unicode map.
+    pub fn encode(&self, text: &str) -> Option<String> {
+        if self.chars.len() > 255 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut encoded = String::new();
+        for ch in text.chars() {
+            let code = self.chars.iter().position(|c| *c == ch)?.checked_add(1)?;
+            write!(encoded, "{code:02X}").ok()?;
+        }
+        Some(encoded)
+    }
+    fn objects(&self, base: usize) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
+        let count = self.chars.len().min(255);
+        let mut differences = String::new();
+        let mut procs = String::new();
+        let mut cmap = String::from(
+            "/CIDInit /ProcSet findresource begin\n12 dict begin\nbegincmap\n/CIDSystemInfo << /Registry (Adobe) /Ordering (UCS) /Supplement 0 >> def\n/CMapName /PhotoCraftUnicode def\n/CMapType 2 def\n1 begincodespacerange\n<00> <FF>\nendcodespacerange\n",
+        );
+        let chars: Vec<_> = self.chars.iter().take(count).collect();
+        for (block, chunk) in chars.chunks(100).enumerate() {
+            let _ = writeln!(cmap, "{} beginbfchar", chunk.len());
+            for (i, ch) in chunk.iter().enumerate() {
+                let code = block * 100 + i + 1;
+                let mut buf = [0; 2];
+                let unicode = ch.encode_utf16(&mut buf).iter().map(|u| format!("{u:04X}")).collect::<String>();
+                let _ = writeln!(cmap, "<{code:02X}> <{unicode}>");
+            }
+            cmap.push_str("endbfchar\n");
+        }
+        cmap.push_str("endcmap\nCMapName currentdict /CMap defineresource pop\nend\nend\n");
+        for code in 1..=count {
+            let _ = write!(differences, " /c{code}");
+            let _ = write!(procs, " /c{code} {} 0 R", base + 1);
+        }
+        let widths = "1000 ".repeat(count.max(1));
+        let font = format!(
+            "<< /Type /Font /Subtype /Type3 /Name /FSelect /FontBBox [0 -250 1000 1000] /FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] /CharProcs <<{procs} >> /Encoding << /Type /Encoding /Differences [1{differences}] >> /FirstChar 1 /LastChar {} /Widths [{widths}] /Resources << >> /ToUnicode {} 0 R >>",
+            count.max(1),
+            base + 2
+        );
+        let stream = |data: &str| format!("<< /Length {} >>\nstream\n{data}endstream", data.len()).into_bytes();
+        vec![font.into_bytes(), stream("1000 0 0 -250 1000 1000 d1\n"), stream(&cmap)]
+    }
+}
+
+fn pdf_string(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut o = String::from("(");
+    for c in s.chars() {
+        match c {
+            '(' | ')' | '\\' => {
+                o.push('\\');
+                o.push(c);
+            }
+            c if c.is_ascii() && !c.is_ascii_control() => o.push(c),
+            _ => o.push('?'),
+        }
+    }
+    o.push(')');
+    o
+}
+
+/// A PDF text string with UTF-16BE hex (the Unicode-capable form, byte-order mark included).
+fn pdf_unicode_string(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut o = String::from("<FEFF");
+    for u in s.encode_utf16() {
+        o.push_str(&format!("{u:04X}"));
+    }
+    o.push('>');
+    o
+}
+
+/// `s` as a PDF name object (ISO 32000-1 §7.3.5): `/` then the UTF-8 bytes, every byte outside
+/// the regular printable ASCII range, `#` and the delimiters as `#xx`. An empty name would be
+/// the bare `/`, which some readers reject, so it becomes `/Spot`.
+fn pdf_name(s: &str) -> String {
+    let mut o = String::from("/");
+    for b in s.bytes() {
+        let regular = (0x21..=0x7e).contains(&b) && !matches!(b, b'#' | b'(' | b')' | b'<' | b'>' | b'[' | b']' | b'{' | b'}' | b'/' | b'%');
+        if regular {
+            o.push(char::from(b));
+        } else {
+            o.push_str(&format!("#{b:02X}"));
+        }
+    }
+    if o.len() == 1 {
+        o.push_str("Spot");
+    }
+    o
+}
+
+fn deflate(data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    // Fast: print PDFs are transient and large. Level 3, not 1: zlib-rs level 1 writes static
+    // Huffman blocks only (13-30% bigger on photos); level 3 is the lowest that is never bigger
+    // than miniz's level 1 was, at about twice its time.
+    let mut e = flate2::write::ZlibEncoder::new(Vec::new(), flate2::Compression::new(3));
+    let _ = e.write_all(data);
+    e.finish().unwrap_or_default()
+}
+
+/// Vector marks around `(x, y, w, h)`.
+fn marks_ops(m: Marks, (x, y, w, h): (f64, f64, f64, f64)) -> String {
+    let mut s = String::from("q 0 G 0.3 w\n");
+    let (gap, len) = (6.0, 18.0);
+    let line = |s: &mut String, x0: f64, y0: f64, x1: f64, y1: f64| s.push_str(&format!("{x0:.2} {y0:.2} m {x1:.2} {y1:.2} l S\n"));
+    if m.corner_crop {
+        for (cx, cy, dx, dy) in [(x, y, -1.0, -1.0), (x + w, y, 1.0, -1.0), (x, y + h, -1.0, 1.0), (x + w, y + h, 1.0, 1.0)] {
+            line(&mut s, cx + dx * gap, cy, cx + dx * (gap + len), cy);
+            line(&mut s, cx, cy + dy * gap, cx, cy + dy * (gap + len));
+        }
+    }
+    if m.center_crop {
+        let (mx, my) = (x + w / 2.0, y + h / 2.0);
+        line(&mut s, mx, y - gap, mx, y - gap - len);
+        line(&mut s, mx, y + h + gap, mx, y + h + gap + len);
+        line(&mut s, x - gap, my, x - gap - len, my);
+        line(&mut s, x + w + gap, my, x + w + gap + len, my);
+    }
+    if m.registration {
+        let r = 5.0;
+        let off = gap + len / 2.0;
+        for (cx, cy) in [(x + w / 2.0, y - off), (x + w / 2.0, y + h + off), (x - off, y + h / 2.0), (x + w + off, y + h / 2.0)] {
+            // Circle (four Béziers) plus crosshair.
+            let k = 0.5523 * r;
+            s.push_str(&format!(
+                "{:.2} {cy:.2} m {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {cx:.2} {:.2} c {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {cy:.2} c {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {cx:.2} {:.2} c {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {:.2} {cy:.2} c S\n",
+                cx + r, cx + r, cy + k, cx + k, cy + r, cy + r, cx - k, cy + r, cx - r, cy + k, cx - r, cx - r, cy - k, cx - k, cy - r, cy - r, cx + k, cy - r, cx + r, cy - k, cx + r
+            ));
+            line(&mut s, cx - r * 1.6, cy, cx + r * 1.6, cy);
+            line(&mut s, cx, cy - r * 1.6, cx, cy + r * 1.6);
+        }
+    }
+    s.push_str("Q\n");
+    s
+}
+
+/// An image XObject dictionary and its Flate-compressed samples, as one object body.
+fn image_object(width: u32, height: u32, colour_space: &str, data: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let z = deflate(data);
+    let mut body = format!(
+        "<< /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width {width} /Height {height} /ColorSpace {colour_space} /BitsPerComponent 8 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length {} >>\nstream\n",
+        z.len()
+    )
+    .into_bytes();
+    body.extend_from_slice(&z);
+    body.extend_from_slice(b"\nendstream");
+    body
+}
+
+/// A PDF with one page per entry; `vectors[i]` (when present) is drawn over page `i`, after its
+/// image and before its plates and marks (the top layers kept as paths and selectable text), and
+/// the selection font their text refers to is `/FSelect`. `xmp` is the packet of the catalog's
+/// `/Metadata` stream, if any.
+///
+/// Objects: 1 catalog, 2 pages, then per page its page, contents, image and one XObject per
+/// plate; then the shared font, ICC profile, overprint ExtGState and XMP metadata stream, each
+/// only when present, the selection font's three objects, and last the page-label tree.
+pub fn write_pages(pages: &[Page], vectors: &[String], selection_font: &SelectionFont, xmp: Option<&str>) -> Vec<u8> {
+    if pages.is_empty() {
+        return Vec::new();
+    }
+    let mut out: Vec<u8> = b"%PDF-1.4\n%\xe2\xe3\xcf\xd3\n".to_vec();
+    let mut offsets: Vec<usize> = Vec::new();
+    let mut obj = |out: &mut Vec<u8>, body: &[u8]| {
+        offsets.push(out.len());
+        out.extend_from_slice(format!("{} 0 obj\n", offsets.len()).as_bytes());
+        out.extend_from_slice(body);
+        out.extend_from_slice(b"\nendobj\n");
+    };
+    let n = pages.len();
+    // A label tree is written only for a non-empty name: an all-empty tree would be `/Nums []`,
+    // and filtering the first empty name away would start the tree at page index 1, not 0.
+    let labels_on = pages.iter().any(|p| p.page_label.as_deref().is_some_and(|label| !label.is_empty()));
+    // Object numbers, handed out in the order the objects are written.
+    let mut next = 3usize;
+    let mut take = |present: bool| {
+        let o = present.then_some(next);
+        next += usize::from(present);
+        o
+    };
+    struct PageObjects {
+        page: usize,
+        contents: usize,
+        image: Option<usize>,
+        plates: Vec<usize>,
+    }
+    // Field initialisers run in this order.
+    let page_objects: Vec<PageObjects> = pages
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| PageObjects {
+            page: take(true).unwrap_or_default(),
+            contents: take(true).unwrap_or_default(),
+            image: take(p.image.is_some()),
+            plates: p.plates.iter().filter_map(|_| take(true)).collect(),
+        })
+        .collect();
+    let font_obj = take(true).unwrap_or_default();
+    // The profile is the document's, shared by every page's image.
+    let icc = pages.iter().find_map(|p| p.image.as_ref().and_then(|i| i.icc.as_ref().map(|icc| (icc, i.channels))));
+    let icc_obj = take(icc.is_some());
+    let gs_obj = take(pages.iter().any(|p| !p.plates.is_empty()));
+    let xmp_obj = take(xmp.is_some());
+    let selection_base = next;
+    let selection_objects = selection_font.objects(selection_base);
+    let labels_obj = labels_on.then_some(selection_base + selection_objects.len());
+
+    let metadata = xmp_obj.map(|o| format!(" /Metadata {o} 0 R")).unwrap_or_default();
+    let page_labels = labels_obj.map(|o| format!(" /PageLabels {o} 0 R")).unwrap_or_default();
+    obj(&mut out, format!("<< /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R{metadata}{page_labels} >>").as_bytes());
+    let kids = page_objects.iter().map(|p| format!("{} 0 R", p.page)).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(" ");
+    obj(&mut out, format!("<< /Type /Pages /Kids [{kids}] /Count {n} >>").as_bytes());
+    for (i, (page, objects)) in pages.iter().zip(&page_objects).enumerate() {
+        let (pw, ph) = page.paper;
+        let (x, y, w, h) = page.rect;
+        let mut xobjects = String::new();
+        if let Some(o) = objects.image {
+            xobjects.push_str(&format!("/Im0 {o} 0 R "));
+        }
+        for (k, o) in objects.plates.iter().enumerate() {
+            xobjects.push_str(&format!("/Sp{k} {o} 0 R "));
+        }
+        let ext_gstate = match gs_obj {
+            Some(o) if !page.plates.is_empty() => format!("/ExtGState << /GS0 {o} 0 R >> "),
+            _ => String::new(),
+        };
+        obj(
+            &mut out,
+            format!(
+                "<< /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 {pw:.2} {ph:.2}] /Resources << /XObject << {xobjects}>> {ext_gstate}/Font << /F1 {font_obj} 0 R /FSelect {selection_base} 0 R >> >> /Contents {} 0 R >>",
+                objects.contents
+            )
+            .as_bytes(),
+        );
+        // An explicit white page, so every viewer (and rasteriser) shows paper, not transparency.
+        let mut content = format!("q 1 g 0 0 {pw:.2} {ph:.2} re f Q\n");
+        if objects.image.is_some() {
+            content.push_str(&format!("q {w:.3} 0 0 {h:.3} {x:.3} {y:.3} cm /Im0 Do Q\n"));
+        }
+        if let Some(v) = vectors.get(i) {
+            content.push_str(v);
+        }
+        // Each plate overprints what is already on the page: with `/OP true` a Separation paints
+        // its own colorant only, leaving the others (and the composite) as they are.
+        for k in 0..page.plates.len() {
+            content.push_str(&format!("q /GS0 gs {w:.3} 0 0 {h:.3} {x:.3} {y:.3} cm /Sp{k} Do Q\n"));
+        }
+        content.push_str(&marks_ops(page.marks, page.rect));
+        let any_marks = page.marks.corner_crop || page.marks.center_crop || page.marks.registration;
+        let pad = if any_marks { 30.0 } else { 6.0 };
+        if let Some(l) = page.label.as_deref().filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) {
+            content.push_str(&format!("BT /F1 8 Tf 0 g {:.2} {:.2} Td {} Tj ET\n", x, y + h + pad, pdf_string(l)));
+        }
+        if let Some(d) = page.description.as_deref().filter(|d| !d.is_empty()) {
+            content.push_str(&format!("BT /F1 8 Tf 0 g {:.2} {:.2} Td {} Tj ET\n", x, y - pad - 8.0, pdf_string(d)));
+        }
+        let c = deflate(content.as_bytes());
+        let mut body = format!("<< /Length {} /Filter /FlateDecode >>\nstream\n", c.len()).into_bytes();
+        body.extend_from_slice(&c);
+        body.extend_from_slice(b"\nendstream");
+        obj(&mut out, &body);
+        if let Some(img) = &page.image {
+            let device = match img.channels {
+                1 => "/DeviceGray",
+                4 => "/DeviceCMYK",
+                _ => "/DeviceRGB",
+            };
+            let cs = match icc_obj {
+                Some(o) if img.icc.is_some() => format!("[/ICCBased {o} 0 R]"),
+                _ => device.to_string(),
+            };
+            obj(&mut out, &image_object(img.width, img.height, &cs, &img.data));
+        }
+        for p in &page.plates {
+            // A tint transform from the colorant's density to its alternate: 0 → paper, 1 → `cmyk`
+            // (an exponential interpolation function with N = 1 is linear).
+            let cmyk = p.cmyk.map(|v| format!("{:.4}", v.clamp(0.0, 1.0))).join(" ");
+            let cs = format!("[/Separation {} /DeviceCMYK << /FunctionType 2 /Domain [0 1] /C0 [0 0 0 0] /C1 [{cmyk}] /N 1 >>]", pdf_name(&p.name));
+            // No mask on the plate: where it has no ink it paints "0" of its own colorant, which a
+            // separating RIP reads as no ink and overprint keeps the other plates under. (A stencil
+            // or colour-key mask would let plain viewers show every plate, but Illustrator reports
+            // an explicit image mask as an unknown imaging construct, and Quartz draws nothing for a
+            // colour-key-masked Separation image.)
+            obj(&mut out, &image_object(p.width, p.height, &cs, &p.data));
+        }
+    }
+    obj(&mut out, b"<< /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding >>");
+    if let Some((icc, channels)) = icc {
+        let device = match channels {
+            1 => "/DeviceGray",
+            4 => "/DeviceCMYK",
+            _ => "/DeviceRGB",
+        };
+        let z = deflate(icc);
+        let mut body = format!("<< /N {channels} /Alternate {device} /Filter /FlateDecode /Length {} >>\nstream\n", z.len()).into_bytes();
+        body.extend_from_slice(&z);
+        body.extend_from_slice(b"\nendstream");
+        obj(&mut out, &body);
+    }
+    if gs_obj.is_some() {
+        obj(&mut out, b"<< /Type /ExtGState /OP true /op true /OPM 1 >>");
+    }
+    if let Some(xmp) = xmp {
+        // Unfiltered, as the XMP specification asks of a packet in a PDF, so a reader can find it
+        // by scanning for the packet header.
+        let mut body = format!("<< /Type /Metadata /Subtype /XML /Length {} >>\nstream\n", xmp.len()).into_bytes();
+        body.extend_from_slice(xmp.as_bytes());
+        body.extend_from_slice(b"\nendstream");
+        obj(&mut out, &body);
+    }
+    for body in &selection_objects {
+        obj(&mut out, body);
+    }
+    if labels_obj.is_some() {
+        // Every page gets an entry: a number-tree range runs until the next key, so omitting an
+        // empty name would make that page inherit the previous page's label. An empty
+        // dictionary gives the page the default (decimal) label instead.
+        let nums = pages
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, p)| match p.page_label.as_deref().filter(|label| !label.is_empty()) {
+                Some(label) => format!("{i} << /P {} >>", pdf_unicode_string(label)),
+                None => format!("{i} << >>"),
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join(" ");
+        obj(&mut out, format!("<< /Nums [{nums}] >>").as_bytes());
+    }
+    let xref = out.len();
+    out.extend_from_slice(format!("xref\n0 {}\n0000000000 65535 f \n", offsets.len() + 1).as_bytes());
+    for o in &offsets {
+        out.extend_from_slice(format!("{o:010} 00000 n \n").as_bytes());
+    }
+    out.extend_from_slice(format!("trailer\n<< /Size {} /Root 1 0 R >>\nstartxref\n{xref}\n%%EOF\n", offsets.len() + 1).as_bytes());
+    out
+}