diff --git a/.idea/dictionaries/bt.xml b/.idea/dictionaries/bt.xml
index 4e9d82228f..a03480e222 100644
--- a/.idea/dictionaries/bt.xml
+++ b/.idea/dictionaries/bt.xml
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     <words>
       <w>arpabet</w>
       <w>backfill</w>
+      <w>backfilling</w>
       <w>blendshapes</w>
       <w>canonicalized</w>
       <w>canonicalizing</w>
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index e6d6b57ab8..cbcbac1ff6 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1814,6 +1814,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "chrono",
  "clap",
+ "datetimes",
  "dotenv",
  "easyenv",
  "enums",
diff --git a/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/Cargo.toml b/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/Cargo.toml
index 1762017036..18e2ee33ba 100644
--- a/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ normal = ["my-workspace-hack"]
 my-workspace-hack = { version = "0.1", path = "../../../my-workspace-hack" }
 
 # Internal
+datetimes = { path = "../../../lib/data/datetimes" }
 easyenv = { path = "../../../lib/easyenv" }
 enums = { path = "../../../_types/enums" }
 errors = { path = "../../../lib/errors" }
diff --git a/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/src/operations/calculate_model_weights_usages/run_migration.rs b/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/src/operations/calculate_model_weights_usages/run_migration.rs
index 85d704d56b..aebb335414 100644
--- a/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/src/operations/calculate_model_weights_usages/run_migration.rs
+++ b/crates/cli/production/db-backfill/src/operations/calculate_model_weights_usages/run_migration.rs
@@ -2,39 +2,66 @@ use anyhow::anyhow;
 use chrono::NaiveDate;
 use log::info;
 use sqlx::{MySql, Pool};
-
+use datetimes::CHRONO_DATETIME_UNIX_EPOCH;
 use errors::AnyhowResult;
 use mysql_queries::queries::model_weight_usage_counts::upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date::{Args, upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date};
 use mysql_queries::queries::model_weights::count::count_model_use_using_media_files_on_date::count_model_use_using_media_files_on_date;
+use mysql_queries::queries::model_weights::list::list_model_weight_tokens_updated_since::list_model_weight_tokens_updated_since;
 use tokens::tokens::media_files::MediaFileToken;
+use tokens::tokens::model_weights::ModelWeightToken;
 
-use crate::operations::calculate_model_weights_usages::sub_args::parse_cli_sub_args;
+use crate::operations::calculate_model_weights_usages::sub_args::{parse_cli_sub_args, SubArgs};
 
 pub async fn run_migration(mysql: Pool<MySql>) -> AnyhowResult<()> {
   let args = parse_cli_sub_args()?;
 
-  info!("args: {:?}", args);
+  info!("Backfill args: {:?}", args);
 
-  let model_token = args.model_token
-      .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no token provided"))?;
+  let model_tokens = match args.model_token.as_ref() {
+    Some(model_token) => vec![model_token.clone()],
+    None => get_all_model_weight_tokens(mysql.clone()).await?,
+  };
 
+  for token in model_tokens.iter() {
+    backfill_token(&mysql, &args, &token).await?;
+  }
+
+  info!("Model token count: {:?}", model_tokens.len());
+  Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn get_all_model_weight_tokens(mysql: Pool<MySql>) -> AnyhowResult<Vec<ModelWeightToken>> {
+  let epoch = *CHRONO_DATETIME_UNIX_EPOCH;
+  let results = list_model_weight_tokens_updated_since(&mysql, &epoch).await?;
+  Ok(results.into_iter()
+      .map(|result| result.token)
+      .collect())
+}
+
+async fn backfill_token(mysql: &Pool<MySql>, args: &SubArgs, model_token: &ModelWeightToken) -> AnyhowResult<()> {
   let date = args.start_date
       .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("invalid start date"))?;
 
-  let count = count_model_use_using_media_files_on_date(&mysql, &model_token, date).await?;
+  info!("Backfilling token: {:?} for date: {:?}", model_token, date);
 
-  info!("count: {:?}", count.record_count);
+  let count = count_model_use_using_media_files_on_date(
+    mysql, &model_token, date).await?;
+
+  if count.record_count == 0 {
+    info!("Count: {:?} (skipping)", count.record_count);
+    return Ok(());
+  } else {
+    info!("Count: {:?}", count.record_count);
+  }
 
   upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date(Args {
     model_token: &model_token,
     date,
     usage_count: count.record_count,
-    mysql_executor: &mysql,
+    insert_on_zero: false,
+    mysql_executor: mysql,
     phantom: Default::default(),
   }).await?;
 
-
-  println!("calculate_model_weights_usages: run migration");
-
   Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/crates/lib/mysql_queries/src/queries/model_weight_usage_counts/upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date.rs b/crates/lib/mysql_queries/src/queries/model_weight_usage_counts/upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date.rs
index 71e7c7961d..f6cfc37b36 100644
--- a/crates/lib/mysql_queries/src/queries/model_weight_usage_counts/upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date.rs
+++ b/crates/lib/mysql_queries/src/queries/model_weight_usage_counts/upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
 use chrono::NaiveDate;
+use log::info;
 use sqlx::{Executor, MySql};
 
 use errors::AnyhowResult;
@@ -13,6 +14,12 @@ where E: 'e + Executor<'c, Database = MySql>
   pub date: NaiveDate,
   pub usage_count: u64,
 
+  /// We should only need a sparse matrix for our histogram.
+  /// There will be a lot of "0" usage count "holes", and we should skip creating
+  /// records for them. This is just an extra explicit check to make sure we don't
+  /// insert unless we really want to do so.
+  pub insert_on_zero: bool,
+
   pub mysql_executor: E,
 
   // TODO: Not sure if this works to tell the compiler we need the lifetime annotation.
@@ -25,6 +32,10 @@ pub async fn upsert_model_weight_usage_count_for_date<'e, 'c : 'e, E>(
 ) -> AnyhowResult<()>
 where E: 'e + Executor<'c, Database = MySql>
 {
+  if !args.insert_on_zero && args.usage_count == 0 {
+    info!("Skipping insert for zero usage count");
+    return Ok(());
+  }
 
   let query = sqlx::query!(
         r#"